pyvale 2025.5.3__cp311-cp311-macosx_14_0_arm64.whl → 2025.7.1__cp311-cp311-macosx_14_0_arm64.whl

pyvale/examples/basics/ex4_2_expsim3d_thermmech3d.py

@@ -4,13 +4,14 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2025 The Computer Aided Validation Team
 # ==============================================================================
 
-"""Pyvale example: Multi-physics experiment simulation in 3D
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+"""Basics: Multi-physics experiment simulation in 3D
+================================================================================
+
 In the previous example we performed a series of simulated experiments on a set
 of 2D multi-physics simulations. Here we use a 3D thermo-mechanical analysis of
 a divertor armour heatsink to show how we can run simulated experiments in 3D.
 
-Note that this tutorial assumes you are familiar with the use of pyvale for
+Note that this tutorial assumes you are familiar with the use of `pyvale` for
 scalar and tensor fields as described in the previous examples.
 
 Test case: thermo-mechanical analysis of a divertor heatsink in 3D
@@ -22,231 +23,248 @@ import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import mooseherder as mh
 import pyvale as pyv
 
-def main() -> None:
-    # First we get the path to simulation output file and then read the
-    # simulation into a `SimData`  object. In this case our simulation is a
-    # thermomechanical model of a divertor heatsink.
-    sim_path = pyv.DataSet.thermomechanical_3d_path()
-    sim_data = mh.ExodusReader(sim_path).read_all_sim_data()
-    elem_dims: int = 3
-    # We scale our length and displacement units to mm to help with
-    # visualisation.
-    disp_comps = ("disp_x","disp_y","disp_z")
-    sim_data = pyv.scale_length_units(scale=1000.0,
-                                      sim_data=sim_data,
-                                      disp_comps=disp_comps)
-
-    # If we are going to save figures showing where our sensors are and their
-    # simulated traces we need to create a directory. Set the flag below to
-    # save the figures when you run the script
-    save_figs = False
-    save_tag = "thermomech3d"
-    fig_save_path = Path.cwd()/"images"
-    if not fig_save_path.is_dir():
-        fig_save_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    # We specify manual sensor sampling times but we could also set this to None
-    # for the sensors to sample at the simulation time steps.
-    sample_times = np.linspace(0.0,np.max(sim_data.time),50)
-
-
-    x_lims = (12.5,12.5)
-    y_lims = (0.0,33.0)
-    z_lims = (0.0,12.0)
-    n_sens = (1,4,1)
-    tc_sens_pos = pyv.create_sensor_pos_array(n_sens,x_lims,y_lims,z_lims)
-
-    tc_sens_data = pyv.SensorData(positions=tc_sens_pos,
-                                  sample_times=sample_times)
-
-    # We use the sensor array factory to create our thermocouple array with no
-    # errors.
-    tc_field_name = "temperature"
-    tc_array = pyv.SensorArrayFactory \
-        .thermocouples_no_errs(sim_data,
-                                tc_sens_data,
-                                elem_dims=elem_dims,
-                                field_name=tc_field_name)
-
-    # Now we build our error chain starting with some basic errors on the order
-    # of 1 degree.
-    tc_err_chain = []
-    tc_err_chain.append(pyv.ErrSysUnif(low=1.0,high=1.0))
-    tc_err_chain.append(pyv.ErrRandNorm(std=1.0))
-
-    # Now we add positioning error for our thermocouples.
-    tc_pos_uncert = 0.1 # units = mm
-    tc_pos_rand = (pyv.GenNormal(std=tc_pos_uncert),
-                    pyv.GenNormal(std=tc_pos_uncert),
-                    pyv.GenNormal(std=tc_pos_uncert))
-
-    # We block translation in x so the thermocouples stay attached.
-    tc_pos_lock = np.full(tc_sens_pos.shape,False,dtype=bool)
-    tc_pos_lock[:,0] = True
-
-    tc_field_err_data = pyv.ErrFieldData(pos_rand_xyz=tc_pos_rand,
-                                         pos_lock_xyz=tc_pos_lock)
-    tc_err_chain.append(pyv.ErrSysField(tc_array.get_field(),
-                                        tc_field_err_data))
-    # We have finished our error chain so we can build our error integrator and
-    # attach it to our thermocouple array.
-    tc_error_int = pyv.ErrIntegrator(tc_err_chain,
-                                     tc_sens_data,
-                                     tc_array.get_measurement_shape())
-    tc_array.set_error_integrator(tc_error_int)
-
-    # We visualise our thermcouple locations on our mesh to make sure they are
-    # in the correct positions.
-    pv_plot = pyv.plot_point_sensors_on_sim(tc_array,"temperature")
-    pv_plot.camera_position = [(59.354, 43.428, 69.946),
-                               (-2.858, 13.189, 4.523),
-                               (-0.215, 0.948, -0.233)]
-    if save_figs:
-        pv_plot.save_graphic(fig_save_path/(save_tag+"_tc_vis.svg"))
-        pv_plot.screenshot(fig_save_path/(save_tag+"_tc_vis.png"))
-
-    pv_plot.show()
-
-    # Now we have finished with our thermocouple array we can move on to our
-    # strain gauge array.
-
-    # We use the same sampling time but we are going to place the strain gauges
-    # down the side of the monoblock where the pipe passes through.
-    x_lims = (9.4,9.4)
-    y_lims = (0.0,33.0)
-    z_lims = (12.0,12.0)
-    n_sens = (1,4,1)
-    sg_sens_pos = pyv.create_sensor_pos_array(n_sens,x_lims,y_lims,z_lims)
-
-    sg_sens_data = pyv.SensorData(positions=sg_sens_pos,
-                                  sample_times=sample_times)
-
-    # We use the sensor array factory to give us a strain gauge array with no
-    # errors.
-    sg_field_name = "strain"
-    sg_norm_comps = ("strain_xx","strain_yy","strain_zz")
-    sg_dev_comps = ("strain_xy","strain_yz","strain_xz")
-    sg_array = pyv.SensorArrayFactory \
-        .strain_gauges_no_errs(sim_data,
-                                sg_sens_data,
-                                elem_dims=elem_dims,
-                                field_name=sg_field_name,
-                                norm_comps=sg_norm_comps,
-                                dev_comps=sg_dev_comps)
-
-    # Now we build our error chain starting with some basic errors on the order
-    # of 1 percent.
-    sg_err_chain = []
-    sg_err_chain.append(pyv.ErrSysUnifPercent(low_percent=1.0,high_percent=1.0))
-    sg_err_chain.append(pyv.ErrRandNormPercent(std_percent=1.0))
-
-    # We are going to add +/-2 degree rotation uncertainty to our strain gauges.
-    angle_uncert = 2.0
-    angle_rand_zyx = (pyv.GenUniform(low=-angle_uncert,high=angle_uncert), # units = deg
-                      pyv.GenUniform(low=-angle_uncert,high=angle_uncert),
-                      pyv.GenUniform(low=-angle_uncert,high=angle_uncert))
-
-    # We only allow rotation on the face the strain gauges are on
-    angle_lock = np.full(sg_sens_pos.shape,True,dtype=bool)
-    angle_lock[:,0] = False   # Allow rotation about z
-
-    sg_field_err_data = pyv.ErrFieldData(ang_rand_zyx=angle_rand_zyx,
-                                         ang_lock_zyx=angle_lock)
-    sg_err_chain.append(pyv.ErrSysField(sg_array.get_field(),
-                                        sg_field_err_data))
-
-    # We have finished our error chain so we can build our error integrator and
-    # attach it to our thermocouple array.
-    sg_error_int = pyv.ErrIntegrator(sg_err_chain,
-                                     sg_sens_data,
-                                     sg_array.get_measurement_shape())
-    sg_array.set_error_integrator(sg_error_int)
-
-    # Now we visualise the strain gauge locations to make sure they are where
-    # we expect them to be.
-    pv_plot = pyv.plot_point_sensors_on_sim(sg_array,"strain_yy")
-    pv_plot.camera_position = [(59.354, 43.428, 69.946),
-                               (-2.858, 13.189, 4.523),
-                               (-0.215, 0.948, -0.233)]
-    if save_figs:
-        pv_plot.save_graphic(fig_save_path/(save_tag+"_sg_vis.svg"))
-        pv_plot.screenshot(fig_save_path/(save_tag+"_sg_vis.png"))
-
-    pv_plot.show()
-
-    # We have both our sensor arrays so we will create and run our experiment.
-    # Here we only have a single input simulation in our list and we only run
-    # 100 simulated experiments as we are going to plot all simulated data
-    # points on our traces. Note that if you are running more than 100
-    # experiments here you will need to set the trace plots below to not show
-    # all points on the graph.
-    sim_list = [sim_data,]
-    sensor_arrays = [tc_array,sg_array]
-    exp_sim = pyv.ExperimentSimulator(sim_list,
-                                      sensor_arrays,
-                                      num_exp_per_sim=100)
-
-    # We run our experiments and calculate summary statistics as in the previous
-    # example
-    exp_data = exp_sim.run_experiments()
-    exp_stats = exp_sim.calc_stats()
-
-    # We print the lengths of our exp_data and exp_stats lists along with the
-    # shape of the numpy arrays they contain so we can index into them easily.
-    print(80*"=")
-    print("exp_data and exp_stats are lists where the index is the sensor array")
-    print("position in the list as field components are not consistent dims:")
-    print(f"{len(exp_data)=}")
-    print(f"{len(exp_stats)=}")
-    print()
-    print(80*"-")
-    print("Thermal sensor array @ exp_data[0]")
-    print(80*"-")
-    print("shape=(n_sims,n_exps,n_sensors,n_field_comps,n_time_steps)")
-    print(f"{exp_data[0].shape=}")
-    print()
-    print("Stats are calculated over all experiments (axis=1)")
-    print("shape=(n_sims,n_sensors,n_field_comps,n_time_steps)")
-    print(f"{exp_stats[0].max.shape=}")
-    print()
-    print(80*"-")
-    print("Mechanical sensor array @ exp_data[1]")
-    print(80*"-")
-    print("shape=(n_sims,n_exps,n_sensors,n_field_comps,n_time_steps)")
-    print(f"{exp_data[1].shape=}")
-    print()
-    print("shape=(n_sims,n_sensors,n_field_comps,n_time_steps)")
-    print(f"{exp_stats[1].max.shape=}")
-    print(80*"=")
-
-    # Finally, we are going to plot the simulated sensor traces but we are going
-    # to control some of the plotting options using the options data class here.
-    # We set the plot to show all simulated experiment data points and to plot
-    # the median as the centre line and to fill between the min and max values.
-    # Note that the default here is to plot the mean and fill between 3 times
-    # the standard deviation.
-    trace_opts = pyv.TraceOptsExperiment(plot_all_exp_points=True,
-                                         centre=pyv.EExpVisCentre.MEDIAN,
-                                         fill_between=pyv.EExpVisBounds.MINMAX)
-
-    (fig,ax) = pyv.plot_exp_traces(exp_sim,
-                                   component="temperature",
-                                   sens_array_num=0,
-                                   sim_num=0,
-                                   trace_opts=trace_opts)
-    if save_figs:
-        fig.savefig(fig_save_path/(save_tag+"_tc_traces.png"),
-                dpi=300, format='png', bbox_inches='tight')
-
-    (fig,ax) = pyv.plot_exp_traces(exp_sim,
-                                   component="strain_yy",
-                                   sens_array_num=1,
-                                   sim_num=0,
-                                   trace_opts=trace_opts)
-    if save_figs:
-        fig.savefig(fig_save_path/(save_tag+"_sg_traces.png"),
-                dpi=300, format='png', bbox_inches='tight')
-    plt.show()
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
+#%%
+# First we get the path to simulation output file and then read the
+# simulation into a `SimData`  object. In this case our simulation is a
+# thermomechanical model of a divertor heatsink.
+sim_path = pyv.DataSet.thermomechanical_3d_path()
+sim_data = mh.ExodusReader(sim_path).read_all_sim_data()
+elem_dims: int = 3
+
+#%%
+# We scale our length and displacement units to mm to help with
+# visualisation.
+disp_comps = ("disp_x","disp_y","disp_z")
+sim_data = pyv.scale_length_units(scale=1000.0,
+                                    sim_data=sim_data,
+                                    disp_comps=disp_comps)
+
+#%%
+# If we are going to save figures showing where our sensors are and their
+# simulated traces we need to create a directory. Set the flag below to
+# save the figures when you run the script
+save_figs = False
+save_tag = "thermomech3d"
+fig_save_path = Path.cwd()/"images"
+if not fig_save_path.is_dir():
+    fig_save_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+#%%
+# We specify manual sensor sampling times but we could also set this to None
+# for the sensors to sample at the simulation time steps.
+sample_times = np.linspace(0.0,np.max(sim_data.time),50)
+
+
+x_lims = (12.5,12.5)
+y_lims = (0.0,33.0)
+z_lims = (0.0,12.0)
+n_sens = (1,4,1)
+tc_sens_pos = pyv.create_sensor_pos_array(n_sens,x_lims,y_lims,z_lims)
+
+tc_sens_data = pyv.SensorData(positions=tc_sens_pos,
+                                sample_times=sample_times)
+#%%
+# We use the sensor array factory to create our thermocouple array with no
+# errors.
+tc_field_name = "temperature"
+tc_array = pyv.SensorArrayFactory \
+    .thermocouples_no_errs(sim_data,
+                            tc_sens_data,
+                            elem_dims=elem_dims,
+                            field_name=tc_field_name)
+#%%
+# Now we build our error chain starting with some basic errors on the order
+# of 1 degree.
+tc_err_chain = []
+tc_err_chain.append(pyv.ErrSysUnif(low=1.0,high=1.0))
+tc_err_chain.append(pyv.ErrRandNorm(std=1.0))
+
+#%%
+# Now we add positioning error for our thermocouples.
+tc_pos_uncert = 0.1 # units = mm
+tc_pos_rand = (pyv.GenNormal(std=tc_pos_uncert),
+                pyv.GenNormal(std=tc_pos_uncert),
+                pyv.GenNormal(std=tc_pos_uncert))
+
+#%%
+# We block translation in x so the thermocouples stay attached.
+tc_pos_lock = np.full(tc_sens_pos.shape,False,dtype=bool)
+tc_pos_lock[:,0] = True
+
+tc_field_err_data = pyv.ErrFieldData(pos_rand_xyz=tc_pos_rand,
+                                        pos_lock_xyz=tc_pos_lock)
+tc_err_chain.append(pyv.ErrSysField(tc_array.get_field(),
+
+                                    tc_field_err_data))
+#%%
+# We have finished our error chain so we can build our error integrator and
+# attach it to our thermocouple array.
+tc_error_int = pyv.ErrIntegrator(tc_err_chain,
+                                    tc_sens_data,
+                                    tc_array.get_measurement_shape())
+tc_array.set_error_integrator(tc_error_int)
+
+#%%
+# We visualise our thermcouple locations on our mesh to make sure they are
+# in the correct positions.
+pv_plot = pyv.plot_point_sensors_on_sim(tc_array,"temperature")
+pv_plot.camera_position = [(59.354, 43.428, 69.946),
+                            (-2.858, 13.189, 4.523),
+                            (-0.215, 0.948, -0.233)]
+if save_figs:
+    pv_plot.save_graphic(fig_save_path/(save_tag+"_tc_vis.svg"))
+    pv_plot.screenshot(fig_save_path/(save_tag+"_tc_vis.png"))
+
+pv_plot.show()
+
+#%%
+# Now we have finished with our thermocouple array we can move on to our
+# strain gauge array.
+#
+# We use the same sampling time but we are going to place the strain gauges
+# down the side of the monoblock where the pipe passes through.
+x_lims = (9.4,9.4)
+y_lims = (0.0,33.0)
+z_lims = (12.0,12.0)
+n_sens = (1,4,1)
+sg_sens_pos = pyv.create_sensor_pos_array(n_sens,x_lims,y_lims,z_lims)
+
+sg_sens_data = pyv.SensorData(positions=sg_sens_pos,
+                                sample_times=sample_times)
+
+#%%
+# We use the sensor array factory to give us a strain gauge array with no
+# errors.
+sg_field_name = "strain"
+sg_norm_comps = ("strain_xx","strain_yy","strain_zz")
+sg_dev_comps = ("strain_xy","strain_yz","strain_xz")
+sg_array = pyv.SensorArrayFactory \
+    .strain_gauges_no_errs(sim_data,
+                            sg_sens_data,
+                            elem_dims=elem_dims,
+                            field_name=sg_field_name,
+                            norm_comps=sg_norm_comps,
+                            dev_comps=sg_dev_comps)
+
+#%%
+# Now we build our error chain starting with some basic errors on the order
+# of 1 percent.
+sg_err_chain = []
+sg_err_chain.append(pyv.ErrSysUnifPercent(low_percent=1.0,high_percent=1.0))
+sg_err_chain.append(pyv.ErrRandNormPercent(std_percent=1.0))
+
+#%%
+# We are going to add +/-2 degree rotation uncertainty to our strain gauges.
+angle_uncert = 2.0
+angle_rand_zyx = (pyv.GenUniform(low=-angle_uncert,high=angle_uncert), # units = deg
+                    pyv.GenUniform(low=-angle_uncert,high=angle_uncert),
+                    pyv.GenUniform(low=-angle_uncert,high=angle_uncert))
+
+#%%
+# We only allow rotation on the face the strain gauges are on
+angle_lock = np.full(sg_sens_pos.shape,True,dtype=bool)
+angle_lock[:,0] = False   # Allow rotation about z
+
+sg_field_err_data = pyv.ErrFieldData(ang_rand_zyx=angle_rand_zyx,
+                                        ang_lock_zyx=angle_lock)
+sg_err_chain.append(pyv.ErrSysField(sg_array.get_field(),
+                                    sg_field_err_data))
+
+#%%
+# We have finished our error chain so we can build our error integrator and
+# attach it to our thermocouple array.
+sg_error_int = pyv.ErrIntegrator(sg_err_chain,
+                                    sg_sens_data,
+                                    sg_array.get_measurement_shape())
+sg_array.set_error_integrator(sg_error_int)
+
+#%%
+# Now we visualise the strain gauge locations to make sure they are where
+# we expect them to be.
+pv_plot = pyv.plot_point_sensors_on_sim(sg_array,"strain_yy")
+pv_plot.camera_position = [(59.354, 43.428, 69.946),
+                            (-2.858, 13.189, 4.523),
+                            (-0.215, 0.948, -0.233)]
+if save_figs:
+    pv_plot.save_graphic(fig_save_path/(save_tag+"_sg_vis.svg"))
+    pv_plot.screenshot(fig_save_path/(save_tag+"_sg_vis.png"))
+
+pv_plot.show()
+
+#%%
+# We have both our sensor arrays so we will create and run our experiment.
+# Here we only have a single input simulation in our list and we only run
+# 100 simulated experiments as we are going to plot all simulated data
+# points on our traces. Note that if you are running more than 100
+# experiments here you will need to set the trace plots below to not show
+# all points on the graph.
+sim_list = [sim_data,]
+sensor_arrays = [tc_array,sg_array]
+exp_sim = pyv.ExperimentSimulator(sim_list,
+                                    sensor_arrays,
+                                    num_exp_per_sim=100)
+
+#%%
+# We run our experiments and calculate summary statistics as in the previous
+# example
+exp_data = exp_sim.run_experiments()
+exp_stats = exp_sim.calc_stats()
+
+#%%
+# We print the lengths of our exp_data and exp_stats lists along with the
+# shape of the numpy arrays they contain so we can index into them easily.
+print(80*"=")
+print("exp_data and exp_stats are lists where the index is the sensor array")
+print("position in the list as field components are not consistent dims:")
+print(f"{len(exp_data)=}")
+print(f"{len(exp_stats)=}")
+print()
+print(80*"-")
+print("Thermal sensor array @ exp_data[0]")
+print(80*"-")
+print("shape=(n_sims,n_exps,n_sensors,n_field_comps,n_time_steps)")
+print(f"{exp_data[0].shape=}")
+print()
+print("Stats are calculated over all experiments (axis=1)")
+print("shape=(n_sims,n_sensors,n_field_comps,n_time_steps)")
+print(f"{exp_stats[0].max.shape=}")
+print()
+print(80*"-")
+print("Mechanical sensor array @ exp_data[1]")
+print(80*"-")
+print("shape=(n_sims,n_exps,n_sensors,n_field_comps,n_time_steps)")
+print(f"{exp_data[1].shape=}")
+print()
+print("shape=(n_sims,n_sensors,n_field_comps,n_time_steps)")
+print(f"{exp_stats[1].max.shape=}")
+print(80*"=")
+
+#%%
+# Finally, we are going to plot the simulated sensor traces but we are going
+# to control some of the plotting options using the options data class here.
+# We set the plot to show all simulated experiment data points and to plot
+# the median as the centre line and to fill between the min and max values.
+# Note that the default here is to plot the mean and fill between 3 times
+# the standard deviation.
+trace_opts = pyv.TraceOptsExperiment(plot_all_exp_points=True,
+                                        centre=pyv.EExpVisCentre.MEDIAN,
+                                        fill_between=pyv.EExpVisBounds.MINMAX)
+
+(fig,ax) = pyv.plot_exp_traces(exp_sim,
+                                component="temperature",
+                                sens_array_num=0,
+                                sim_num=0,
+                                trace_opts=trace_opts)
+if save_figs:
+    fig.savefig(fig_save_path/(save_tag+"_tc_traces.png"),
+            dpi=300, format='png', bbox_inches='tight')
+
+(fig,ax) = pyv.plot_exp_traces(exp_sim,
+                                component="strain_yy",
+                                sens_array_num=1,
+                                sim_num=0,
+                                trace_opts=trace_opts)
+if save_figs:
+    fig.savefig(fig_save_path/(save_tag+"_sg_traces.png"),
+            dpi=300, format='png', bbox_inches='tight')
+plt.show()

pyvale/examples/dic/ex1_region_of_interest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#================================================================================
+#Example: thermocouples on a 2d plate
+#
+#pyvale: the python validation engine
+#License: MIT
+#Copyright (C) 2024 The Computer Aided Validation Team
+#================================================================================
+
+"""
+Selecting a Region of Interest (ROI)
+---------------------------------------------
+
+This example looks at the current core functionality of the Region of Interest
+(ROI) Selection Firsly we'll need to import `pyvale` itself.
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import pyvale
+
+# %% 
+# We'll begin by selecting our Region of Interest (ROI) using the interactive selection tool.
+# First, we create an instance of the ROI class. We pass a reference image to it, which is
+# displayed as the underlay during ROI selection.
+ref_img = pyvale.DataSet.dic_plate_with_hole_ref()
+roi = pyvale.DICRegionOfInterest(ref_image=ref_img)
+roi.interactive_selection(subset_size=31)
+
+# create a directory for the the different outputs
+output_path = Path.cwd() / "pyvale-output"
+if not output_path.is_dir():
+    output_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+# %%
+# .. image:: ../../../../_static/roi_tool.gif
+#    :alt: ROI selection GUI (animated)
+#    :width: 600px
+#    :align: center
+
+# %%
+# After closing the interactive tool, a mask and a set of seed coordinates will be generated.
+# These can be used directly in the DIC engine. If you plan to reuse the ROI, it’s a good idea
+# to save it. For very large images, set `binary=True` to reduce file size and speed up saving.
+roi_file = output_path / "roi.dat"
+roi.save_array(filename=roi_file,binary=False)
+
+# %%
+# To reuse the saved ROI mask in the future, load it using:
+roi.read_array(filename=roi_file,binary=False)
+
+# %%
+# If you are loading a previously saved ROI, you may want to visualize it
+# overlaid on the reference image to verify it before proceeding with correlation.
+roi.show_image()
+
+# %%
+# There are also programmatic ways to define an ROI.
+# For example, to exclude a boundary region and keep only the central part:
+roi.reset_mask()
+roi.rect_boundary(left=50,right=50,bottom=50,top=50)
+boundary_img = output_path / "rect_boundary.tiff"
+roi.save_image(boundary_img)
+
+# %%
+# This excludes 50 pixels along each edge of the image from the ROI.
+# Alternatively, to define a specific rectangular region:
+roi.reset_mask()
+roi.rect_region(x=200,y=200,size_x=200,size_y=200)
+region_img = output_path / "rect_region.tiff"
+roi.save_image(region_img)
+
+# %%
+# .. list-table::
+#    :widths: 50 50
+#    :align: center
+#    :header-rows: 0
+#
+#    * - .. figure:: ../../../../_static/rect_boundary.png
+#          :width: 300px
+#          :align: center
+#
+#          ``roi.rect_boundary(left=200, right=200, bottom=200, top=200)``
+#
+#      - .. figure:: ../../../../_static/rect_region.png
+#          :width: 300px
+#          :align: center
+#
+#          ``roi.rect_region(x=200, y=200, size_x=200, size_y=200)``
+
+# %%
+# The `rect_region` example above creates an ROI starting at pixel coordinates (200, 200)
+# with a size of 200×200 pixels.
+#
+# You can also manually modify the ROI mask. A good starting point is:
+# `roi.rect_boundary(0, 0, 0, 0)` — this sets the ROI to include the full image.
+# From there, you can manipulate `roi.mask` as you would any other 2D NumPy array.
+
+
+