pythonnative 0.4.0__py3-none-any.whl → 0.6.0__py3-none-any.whl

pythonnative/native_views.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1334 @@
+"""Platform-specific native view creation and update logic.
+
+This module replaces the old per-widget files.  All platform-branching
+lives here, guarded behind lazy imports so the module can be imported
+on desktop for testing.
+"""
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Union
+
+from .utils import IS_ANDROID
+
+# ======================================================================
+# Abstract handler protocol
+# ======================================================================
+
+
+class ViewHandler:
+    """Protocol for creating, updating, and managing children of a native view type."""
+
+    def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def update(self, native_view: Any, changed_props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def insert_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any, index: int) -> None:
+        self.add_child(parent, child)
+
+
+# ======================================================================
+# Registry
+# ======================================================================
+
+
+class NativeViewRegistry:
+    """Maps element type names to platform-specific :class:`ViewHandler` instances."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._handlers: Dict[str, ViewHandler] = {}
+
+    def register(self, type_name: str, handler: ViewHandler) -> None:
+        self._handlers[type_name] = handler
+
+    def create_view(self, type_name: str, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+        handler = self._handlers.get(type_name)
+        if handler is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown element type: {type_name!r}")
+        return handler.create(props)
+
+    def update_view(self, native_view: Any, type_name: str, changed_props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        handler = self._handlers.get(type_name)
+        if handler is not None:
+            handler.update(native_view, changed_props)
+
+    def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any, parent_type: str) -> None:
+        handler = self._handlers.get(parent_type)
+        if handler is not None:
+            handler.add_child(parent, child)
+
+    def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any, parent_type: str) -> None:
+        handler = self._handlers.get(parent_type)
+        if handler is not None:
+            handler.remove_child(parent, child)
+
+    def insert_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any, parent_type: str, index: int) -> None:
+        handler = self._handlers.get(parent_type)
+        if handler is not None:
+            handler.insert_child(parent, child, index)
+
+
+# ======================================================================
+# Shared helpers
+# ======================================================================
+
+
+def parse_color_int(color: Union[str, int]) -> int:
+    """Parse ``#RRGGBB`` / ``#AARRGGBB`` hex string or raw int to a *signed* ARGB int.
+
+    Java's ``setBackgroundColor`` et al. expect a signed 32-bit int, so values
+    with a high alpha byte (e.g. 0xFF…) must be converted to negative ints.
+    """
+    if isinstance(color, int):
+        val = color
+    else:
+        c = color.strip().lstrip("#")
+        if len(c) == 6:
+            c = "FF" + c
+        val = int(c, 16)
+    if val > 0x7FFFFFFF:
+        val -= 0x100000000
+    return val
+
+
+def _resolve_padding(
+    padding: Any,
+) -> tuple:
+    """Normalise various padding representations to ``(left, top, right, bottom)``."""
+    if padding is None:
+        return (0, 0, 0, 0)
+    if isinstance(padding, (int, float)):
+        v = int(padding)
+        return (v, v, v, v)
+    if isinstance(padding, dict):
+        h = int(padding.get("horizontal", 0))
+        v = int(padding.get("vertical", 0))
+        left = int(padding.get("left", h))
+        right = int(padding.get("right", h))
+        top = int(padding.get("top", v))
+        bottom = int(padding.get("bottom", v))
+        a = int(padding.get("all", 0))
+        if a:
+            left = left or a
+            right = right or a
+            top = top or a
+            bottom = bottom or a
+        return (left, top, right, bottom)
+    return (0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+
+_LAYOUT_KEYS = frozenset(
+    {
+        "width",
+        "height",
+        "flex",
+        "margin",
+        "min_width",
+        "max_width",
+        "min_height",
+        "max_height",
+        "align_self",
+    }
+)
+
+
+# ======================================================================
+# Platform handler registration (lazy imports inside functions)
+# ======================================================================
+
+
+def _register_android_handlers(registry: NativeViewRegistry) -> None:  # noqa: C901
+    from java import dynamic_proxy, jclass
+
+    from .utils import get_android_context
+
+    def _ctx() -> Any:
+        return get_android_context()
+
+    def _density() -> float:
+        return float(_ctx().getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density)
+
+    def _dp(value: float) -> int:
+        return int(value * _density())
+
+    def _apply_layout(view: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """Apply common layout properties to an Android view."""
+        lp = view.getLayoutParams()
+        LayoutParams = jclass("android.widget.LinearLayout$LayoutParams")
+        ViewGroupLP = jclass("android.view.ViewGroup$LayoutParams")
+        needs_set = False
+
+        if lp is None:
+            lp = LayoutParams(ViewGroupLP.WRAP_CONTENT, ViewGroupLP.WRAP_CONTENT)
+            needs_set = True
+
+        if "width" in props and props["width"] is not None:
+            lp.width = _dp(float(props["width"]))
+            needs_set = True
+        if "height" in props and props["height"] is not None:
+            lp.height = _dp(float(props["height"]))
+            needs_set = True
+        if "flex" in props and props["flex"] is not None:
+            try:
+                lp.weight = float(props["flex"])
+                needs_set = True
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        if "margin" in props and props["margin"] is not None:
+            left, top, right, bottom = _resolve_padding(props["margin"])
+            try:
+                lp.setMargins(_dp(left), _dp(top), _dp(right), _dp(bottom))
+                needs_set = True
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+        if needs_set:
+            view.setLayoutParams(lp)
+
+    # ---- Text -----------------------------------------------------------
+    class AndroidTextHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            tv = jclass("android.widget.TextView")(_ctx())
+            self._apply(tv, props)
+            _apply_layout(tv, props)
+            return tv
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, tv: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "text" in props:
+                tv.setText(str(props["text"]))
+            if "font_size" in props and props["font_size"] is not None:
+                tv.setTextSize(float(props["font_size"]))
+            if "color" in props and props["color"] is not None:
+                tv.setTextColor(parse_color_int(props["color"]))
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                tv.setBackgroundColor(parse_color_int(props["background_color"]))
+            if "bold" in props and props["bold"]:
+                tv.setTypeface(tv.getTypeface(), 1)  # Typeface.BOLD = 1
+            if "max_lines" in props and props["max_lines"] is not None:
+                tv.setMaxLines(int(props["max_lines"]))
+            if "text_align" in props:
+                Gravity = jclass("android.view.Gravity")
+                mapping = {"left": Gravity.START, "center": Gravity.CENTER, "right": Gravity.END}
+                tv.setGravity(mapping.get(props["text_align"], Gravity.START))
+
+    # ---- Button ---------------------------------------------------------
+    class AndroidButtonHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            btn = jclass("android.widget.Button")(_ctx())
+            self._apply(btn, props)
+            _apply_layout(btn, props)
+            return btn
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, btn: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "title" in props:
+                btn.setText(str(props["title"]))
+            if "font_size" in props and props["font_size"] is not None:
+                btn.setTextSize(float(props["font_size"]))
+            if "color" in props and props["color"] is not None:
+                btn.setTextColor(parse_color_int(props["color"]))
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                btn.setBackgroundColor(parse_color_int(props["background_color"]))
+            if "enabled" in props:
+                btn.setEnabled(bool(props["enabled"]))
+            if "on_click" in props:
+                cb = props["on_click"]
+                if cb is not None:
+
+                    class ClickProxy(dynamic_proxy(jclass("android.view.View").OnClickListener)):
+                        def __init__(self, callback: Callable[[], None]) -> None:
+                            super().__init__()
+                            self.callback = callback
+
+                        def onClick(self, view: Any) -> None:
+                            self.callback()
+
+                    btn.setOnClickListener(ClickProxy(cb))
+                else:
+                    btn.setOnClickListener(None)
+
+    # ---- Column (vertical LinearLayout) ---------------------------------
+    class AndroidColumnHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            ll = jclass("android.widget.LinearLayout")(_ctx())
+            ll.setOrientation(jclass("android.widget.LinearLayout").VERTICAL)
+            self._apply(ll, props)
+            _apply_layout(ll, props)
+            return ll
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, ll: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "spacing" in props and props["spacing"]:
+                px = _dp(float(props["spacing"]))
+                GradientDrawable = jclass("android.graphics.drawable.GradientDrawable")
+                d = GradientDrawable()
+                d.setColor(0x00000000)
+                d.setSize(1, px)
+                ll.setShowDividers(jclass("android.widget.LinearLayout").SHOW_DIVIDER_MIDDLE)
+                ll.setDividerDrawable(d)
+            if "padding" in props:
+                left, top, right, bottom = _resolve_padding(props["padding"])
+                ll.setPadding(_dp(left), _dp(top), _dp(right), _dp(bottom))
+            if "alignment" in props and props["alignment"]:
+                Gravity = jclass("android.view.Gravity")
+                mapping = {
+                    "fill": Gravity.FILL_HORIZONTAL,
+                    "center": Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL,
+                    "leading": Gravity.START,
+                    "start": Gravity.START,
+                    "trailing": Gravity.END,
+                    "end": Gravity.END,
+                }
+                ll.setGravity(mapping.get(props["alignment"], Gravity.FILL_HORIZONTAL))
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                ll.setBackgroundColor(parse_color_int(props["background_color"]))
+
+        def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.addView(child)
+
+        def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.removeView(child)
+
+        def insert_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any, index: int) -> None:
+            parent.addView(child, index)
+
+    # ---- Row (horizontal LinearLayout) ----------------------------------
+    class AndroidRowHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            ll = jclass("android.widget.LinearLayout")(_ctx())
+            ll.setOrientation(jclass("android.widget.LinearLayout").HORIZONTAL)
+            self._apply(ll, props)
+            _apply_layout(ll, props)
+            return ll
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, ll: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "spacing" in props and props["spacing"]:
+                px = _dp(float(props["spacing"]))
+                GradientDrawable = jclass("android.graphics.drawable.GradientDrawable")
+                d = GradientDrawable()
+                d.setColor(0x00000000)
+                d.setSize(px, 1)
+                ll.setShowDividers(jclass("android.widget.LinearLayout").SHOW_DIVIDER_MIDDLE)
+                ll.setDividerDrawable(d)
+            if "padding" in props:
+                left, top, right, bottom = _resolve_padding(props["padding"])
+                ll.setPadding(_dp(left), _dp(top), _dp(right), _dp(bottom))
+            if "alignment" in props and props["alignment"]:
+                Gravity = jclass("android.view.Gravity")
+                mapping = {
+                    "fill": Gravity.FILL_VERTICAL,
+                    "center": Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL,
+                    "top": Gravity.TOP,
+                    "bottom": Gravity.BOTTOM,
+                }
+                ll.setGravity(mapping.get(props["alignment"], Gravity.FILL_VERTICAL))
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                ll.setBackgroundColor(parse_color_int(props["background_color"]))
+
+        def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.addView(child)
+
+        def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.removeView(child)
+
+        def insert_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any, index: int) -> None:
+            parent.addView(child, index)
+
+    # ---- ScrollView -----------------------------------------------------
+    class AndroidScrollViewHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            sv = jclass("android.widget.ScrollView")(_ctx())
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                sv.setBackgroundColor(parse_color_int(props["background_color"]))
+            _apply_layout(sv, props)
+            return sv
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "background_color" in changed and changed["background_color"] is not None:
+                native_view.setBackgroundColor(parse_color_int(changed["background_color"]))
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.addView(child)
+
+        def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.removeView(child)
+
+    # ---- TextInput (EditText) with on_change ----------------------------
+    class AndroidTextInputHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            et = jclass("android.widget.EditText")(_ctx())
+            self._apply(et, props)
+            _apply_layout(et, props)
+            return et
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, et: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "value" in props:
+                et.setText(str(props["value"]))
+            if "placeholder" in props:
+                et.setHint(str(props["placeholder"]))
+            if "font_size" in props and props["font_size"] is not None:
+                et.setTextSize(float(props["font_size"]))
+            if "color" in props and props["color"] is not None:
+                et.setTextColor(parse_color_int(props["color"]))
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                et.setBackgroundColor(parse_color_int(props["background_color"]))
+            if "secure" in props and props["secure"]:
+                InputType = jclass("android.text.InputType")
+                et.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_TEXT | InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD)
+            if "on_change" in props:
+                cb = props["on_change"]
+                if cb is not None:
+                    TextWatcher = jclass("android.text.TextWatcher")
+
+                    class ChangeProxy(dynamic_proxy(TextWatcher)):
+                        def __init__(self, callback: Callable[[str], None]) -> None:
+                            super().__init__()
+                            self.callback = callback
+
+                        def afterTextChanged(self, s: Any) -> None:
+                            self.callback(str(s))
+
+                        def beforeTextChanged(self, s: Any, start: int, count: int, after: int) -> None:
+                            pass
+
+                        def onTextChanged(self, s: Any, start: int, before: int, count: int) -> None:
+                            pass
+
+                    et.addTextChangedListener(ChangeProxy(cb))
+
+    # ---- Image (with URL loading) ---------------------------------------
+    class AndroidImageHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            iv = jclass("android.widget.ImageView")(_ctx())
+            self._apply(iv, props)
+            _apply_layout(iv, props)
+            return iv
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, iv: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                iv.setBackgroundColor(parse_color_int(props["background_color"]))
+            if "source" in props and props["source"]:
+                self._load_source(iv, props["source"])
+            if "scale_type" in props and props["scale_type"]:
+                ScaleType = jclass("android.widget.ImageView$ScaleType")
+                mapping = {
+                    "cover": ScaleType.CENTER_CROP,
+                    "contain": ScaleType.FIT_CENTER,
+                    "stretch": ScaleType.FIT_XY,
+                    "center": ScaleType.CENTER,
+                }
+                st = mapping.get(props["scale_type"])
+                if st:
+                    iv.setScaleType(st)
+
+        def _load_source(self, iv: Any, source: str) -> None:
+            try:
+                if source.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+                    Thread = jclass("java.lang.Thread")
+                    Runnable = jclass("java.lang.Runnable")
+                    URL = jclass("java.net.URL")
+                    BitmapFactory = jclass("android.graphics.BitmapFactory")
+                    Handler = jclass("android.os.Handler")
+                    Looper = jclass("android.os.Looper")
+                    handler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
+
+                    class LoadTask(dynamic_proxy(Runnable)):
+                        def __init__(self, image_view: Any, url_str: str, main_handler: Any) -> None:
+                            super().__init__()
+                            self.image_view = image_view
+                            self.url_str = url_str
+                            self.main_handler = main_handler
+
+                        def run(self) -> None:
+                            try:
+                                url = URL(self.url_str)
+                                stream = url.openStream()
+                                bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(stream)
+                                stream.close()
+
+                                class SetImage(dynamic_proxy(Runnable)):
+                                    def __init__(self, view: Any, bmp: Any) -> None:
+                                        super().__init__()
+                                        self.view = view
+                                        self.bmp = bmp
+
+                                    def run(self) -> None:
+                                        self.view.setImageBitmap(self.bmp)
+
+                                self.main_handler.post(SetImage(self.image_view, bitmap))
+                            except Exception:
+                                pass
+
+                    Thread(LoadTask(iv, source, handler)).start()
+                else:
+                    ctx = _ctx()
+                    res = ctx.getResources()
+                    pkg = ctx.getPackageName()
+                    res_name = source.rsplit(".", 1)[0] if "." in source else source
+                    res_id = res.getIdentifier(res_name, "drawable", pkg)
+                    if res_id != 0:
+                        iv.setImageResource(res_id)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+    # ---- Switch (with on_change) ----------------------------------------
+    class AndroidSwitchHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            sw = jclass("android.widget.Switch")(_ctx())
+            self._apply(sw, props)
+            _apply_layout(sw, props)
+            return sw
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, sw: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "value" in props:
+                sw.setChecked(bool(props["value"]))
+            if "on_change" in props and props["on_change"] is not None:
+                cb = props["on_change"]
+
+                class CheckedProxy(dynamic_proxy(jclass("android.widget.CompoundButton").OnCheckedChangeListener)):
+                    def __init__(self, callback: Callable[[bool], None]) -> None:
+                        super().__init__()
+                        self.callback = callback
+
+                    def onCheckedChanged(self, button: Any, checked: bool) -> None:
+                        self.callback(checked)
+
+                sw.setOnCheckedChangeListener(CheckedProxy(cb))
+
+    # ---- ProgressBar ----------------------------------------------------
+    class AndroidProgressBarHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            style = jclass("android.R$attr").progressBarStyleHorizontal
+            pb = jclass("android.widget.ProgressBar")(_ctx(), None, 0, style)
+            pb.setMax(1000)
+            self._apply(pb, props)
+            _apply_layout(pb, props)
+            return pb
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, pb: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "value" in props:
+                pb.setProgress(int(float(props["value"]) * 1000))
+
+    # ---- ActivityIndicator (circular ProgressBar) -----------------------
+    class AndroidActivityIndicatorHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            pb = jclass("android.widget.ProgressBar")(_ctx())
+            if not props.get("animating", True):
+                pb.setVisibility(jclass("android.view.View").GONE)
+            _apply_layout(pb, props)
+            return pb
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            View = jclass("android.view.View")
+            if "animating" in changed:
+                native_view.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE if changed["animating"] else View.GONE)
+
+    # ---- WebView --------------------------------------------------------
+    class AndroidWebViewHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            wv = jclass("android.webkit.WebView")(_ctx())
+            if "url" in props and props["url"]:
+                wv.loadUrl(str(props["url"]))
+            _apply_layout(wv, props)
+            return wv
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "url" in changed and changed["url"]:
+                native_view.loadUrl(str(changed["url"]))
+
+    # ---- Spacer ---------------------------------------------------------
+    class AndroidSpacerHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            v = jclass("android.view.View")(_ctx())
+            if "size" in props and props["size"] is not None:
+                px = _dp(float(props["size"]))
+                lp = jclass("android.widget.LinearLayout$LayoutParams")(px, px)
+                v.setLayoutParams(lp)
+            if "flex" in props and props["flex"] is not None:
+                lp = v.getLayoutParams()
+                if lp is None:
+                    lp = jclass("android.widget.LinearLayout$LayoutParams")(0, 0)
+                lp.weight = float(props["flex"])
+                v.setLayoutParams(lp)
+            return v
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "size" in changed and changed["size"] is not None:
+                px = _dp(float(changed["size"]))
+                lp = jclass("android.widget.LinearLayout$LayoutParams")(px, px)
+                native_view.setLayoutParams(lp)
+
+    # ---- View (generic container FrameLayout) ---------------------------
+    class AndroidViewHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            fl = jclass("android.widget.FrameLayout")(_ctx())
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                fl.setBackgroundColor(parse_color_int(props["background_color"]))
+            if "padding" in props:
+                left, top, right, bottom = _resolve_padding(props["padding"])
+                fl.setPadding(_dp(left), _dp(top), _dp(right), _dp(bottom))
+            _apply_layout(fl, props)
+            return fl
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "background_color" in changed and changed["background_color"] is not None:
+                native_view.setBackgroundColor(parse_color_int(changed["background_color"]))
+            if "padding" in changed:
+                left, top, right, bottom = _resolve_padding(changed["padding"])
+                native_view.setPadding(_dp(left), _dp(top), _dp(right), _dp(bottom))
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.addView(child)
+
+        def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.removeView(child)
+
+        def insert_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any, index: int) -> None:
+            parent.addView(child, index)
+
+    # ---- SafeAreaView (FrameLayout with fitsSystemWindows) ---------------
+    class AndroidSafeAreaViewHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            fl = jclass("android.widget.FrameLayout")(_ctx())
+            fl.setFitsSystemWindows(True)
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                fl.setBackgroundColor(parse_color_int(props["background_color"]))
+            if "padding" in props:
+                left, top, right, bottom = _resolve_padding(props["padding"])
+                fl.setPadding(_dp(left), _dp(top), _dp(right), _dp(bottom))
+            return fl
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "background_color" in changed and changed["background_color"] is not None:
+                native_view.setBackgroundColor(parse_color_int(changed["background_color"]))
+
+        def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.addView(child)
+
+        def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.removeView(child)
+
+    # ---- Modal (AlertDialog) -------------------------------------------
+    class AndroidModalHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            placeholder = jclass("android.view.View")(_ctx())
+            placeholder.setVisibility(jclass("android.view.View").GONE)
+            return placeholder
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            pass
+
+    # ---- Slider (SeekBar) -----------------------------------------------
+    class AndroidSliderHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            sb = jclass("android.widget.SeekBar")(_ctx())
+            sb.setMax(1000)
+            self._apply(sb, props)
+            _apply_layout(sb, props)
+            return sb
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, sb: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            min_val = float(props.get("min_value", 0))
+            max_val = float(props.get("max_value", 1))
+            rng = max_val - min_val if max_val != min_val else 1
+            if "value" in props:
+                normalized = (float(props["value"]) - min_val) / rng
+                sb.setProgress(int(normalized * 1000))
+            if "on_change" in props and props["on_change"] is not None:
+                cb = props["on_change"]
+
+                class SeekProxy(dynamic_proxy(jclass("android.widget.SeekBar").OnSeekBarChangeListener)):
+                    def __init__(self, callback: Callable[[float], None], mn: float, rn: float) -> None:
+                        super().__init__()
+                        self.callback = callback
+                        self.mn = mn
+                        self.rn = rn
+
+                    def onProgressChanged(self, seekBar: Any, progress: int, fromUser: bool) -> None:
+                        if fromUser:
+                            self.callback(self.mn + (progress / 1000.0) * self.rn)
+
+                    def onStartTrackingTouch(self, seekBar: Any) -> None:
+                        pass
+
+                    def onStopTrackingTouch(self, seekBar: Any) -> None:
+                        pass
+
+                sb.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(SeekProxy(cb, min_val, rng))
+
+    # ---- Pressable (FrameLayout with click listener) --------------------
+    class AndroidPressableHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            fl = jclass("android.widget.FrameLayout")(_ctx())
+            fl.setClickable(True)
+            self._apply(fl, props)
+            return fl
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, fl: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "on_press" in props and props["on_press"] is not None:
+                cb = props["on_press"]
+
+                class PressProxy(dynamic_proxy(jclass("android.view.View").OnClickListener)):
+                    def __init__(self, callback: Callable[[], None]) -> None:
+                        super().__init__()
+                        self.callback = callback
+
+                    def onClick(self, view: Any) -> None:
+                        self.callback()
+
+                fl.setOnClickListener(PressProxy(cb))
+            if "on_long_press" in props and props["on_long_press"] is not None:
+                cb = props["on_long_press"]
+
+                class LongPressProxy(dynamic_proxy(jclass("android.view.View").OnLongClickListener)):
+                    def __init__(self, callback: Callable[[], None]) -> None:
+                        super().__init__()
+                        self.callback = callback
+
+                    def onLongClick(self, view: Any) -> bool:
+                        self.callback()
+                        return True
+
+                fl.setOnLongClickListener(LongPressProxy(cb))
+
+        def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.addView(child)
+
+        def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.removeView(child)
+
+    registry.register("Text", AndroidTextHandler())
+    registry.register("Button", AndroidButtonHandler())
+    registry.register("Column", AndroidColumnHandler())
+    registry.register("Row", AndroidRowHandler())
+    registry.register("ScrollView", AndroidScrollViewHandler())
+    registry.register("TextInput", AndroidTextInputHandler())
+    registry.register("Image", AndroidImageHandler())
+    registry.register("Switch", AndroidSwitchHandler())
+    registry.register("ProgressBar", AndroidProgressBarHandler())
+    registry.register("ActivityIndicator", AndroidActivityIndicatorHandler())
+    registry.register("WebView", AndroidWebViewHandler())
+    registry.register("Spacer", AndroidSpacerHandler())
+    registry.register("View", AndroidViewHandler())
+    registry.register("SafeAreaView", AndroidSafeAreaViewHandler())
+    registry.register("Modal", AndroidModalHandler())
+    registry.register("Slider", AndroidSliderHandler())
+    registry.register("Pressable", AndroidPressableHandler())
+
+
+def _register_ios_handlers(registry: NativeViewRegistry) -> None:  # noqa: C901
+    from rubicon.objc import SEL, ObjCClass, objc_method
+
+    NSObject = ObjCClass("NSObject")
+    UIColor = ObjCClass("UIColor")
+    UIFont = ObjCClass("UIFont")
+
+    def _uicolor(color: Any) -> Any:
+        argb = parse_color_int(color)
+        if argb < 0:
+            argb += 0x100000000
+        a = ((argb >> 24) & 0xFF) / 255.0
+        r = ((argb >> 16) & 0xFF) / 255.0
+        g = ((argb >> 8) & 0xFF) / 255.0
+        b = (argb & 0xFF) / 255.0
+        return UIColor.colorWithRed_green_blue_alpha_(r, g, b, a)
+
+    def _apply_ios_layout(view: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """Apply common layout constraints to an iOS view."""
+        if "width" in props and props["width"] is not None:
+            try:
+                for c in list(view.constraints or []):
+                    if c.firstAttribute == 7:  # NSLayoutAttributeWidth
+                        c.setActive_(False)
+                view.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant_(float(props["width"])).setActive_(True)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        if "height" in props and props["height"] is not None:
+            try:
+                for c in list(view.constraints or []):
+                    if c.firstAttribute == 8:  # NSLayoutAttributeHeight
+                        c.setActive_(False)
+                view.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant_(float(props["height"])).setActive_(True)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+    # ---- Text -----------------------------------------------------------
+    class IOSTextHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            label = ObjCClass("UILabel").alloc().init()
+            self._apply(label, props)
+            _apply_ios_layout(label, props)
+            return label
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_ios_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, label: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "text" in props:
+                label.setText_(str(props["text"]))
+            if "font_size" in props and props["font_size"] is not None:
+                if props.get("bold"):
+                    label.setFont_(UIFont.boldSystemFontOfSize_(float(props["font_size"])))
+                else:
+                    label.setFont_(UIFont.systemFontOfSize_(float(props["font_size"])))
+            elif "bold" in props and props["bold"]:
+                size = label.font().pointSize() if label.font() else 17.0
+                label.setFont_(UIFont.boldSystemFontOfSize_(size))
+            if "color" in props and props["color"] is not None:
+                label.setTextColor_(_uicolor(props["color"]))
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                label.setBackgroundColor_(_uicolor(props["background_color"]))
+            if "max_lines" in props and props["max_lines"] is not None:
+                label.setNumberOfLines_(int(props["max_lines"]))
+            if "text_align" in props:
+                mapping = {"left": 0, "center": 1, "right": 2}
+                label.setTextAlignment_(mapping.get(props["text_align"], 0))
+
+    # ---- Button ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+    _pn_btn_handler_map: dict = {}
+
+    class _PNButtonTarget(NSObject):  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+        _callback: Optional[Callable[[], None]] = None
+
+        @objc_method
+        def onTap_(self, sender: object) -> None:
+            if self._callback is not None:
+                self._callback()
+
+    _pn_retained_views: list = []
+
+    class IOSButtonHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            btn = ObjCClass("UIButton").alloc().init()
+            btn.retain()
+            _pn_retained_views.append(btn)
+            _ios_blue = UIColor.colorWithRed_green_blue_alpha_(0.0, 0.478, 1.0, 1.0)
+            btn.setTitleColor_forState_(_ios_blue, 0)
+            self._apply(btn, props)
+            _apply_ios_layout(btn, props)
+            return btn
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_ios_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, btn: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "title" in props:
+                btn.setTitle_forState_(str(props["title"]), 0)
+            if "font_size" in props and props["font_size"] is not None:
+                btn.titleLabel().setFont_(UIFont.systemFontOfSize_(float(props["font_size"])))
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                btn.setBackgroundColor_(_uicolor(props["background_color"]))
+                if "color" not in props:
+                    _white = UIColor.colorWithRed_green_blue_alpha_(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
+                    btn.setTitleColor_forState_(_white, 0)
+            if "color" in props and props["color"] is not None:
+                btn.setTitleColor_forState_(_uicolor(props["color"]), 0)
+            if "enabled" in props:
+                btn.setEnabled_(bool(props["enabled"]))
+            if "on_click" in props:
+                existing = _pn_btn_handler_map.get(id(btn))
+                if existing is not None:
+                    existing._callback = props["on_click"]
+                else:
+                    handler = _PNButtonTarget.new()
+                    handler._callback = props["on_click"]
+                    _pn_btn_handler_map[id(btn)] = handler
+                    btn.addTarget_action_forControlEvents_(handler, SEL("onTap:"), 1 << 6)
+
+    # ---- Column (vertical UIStackView) ----------------------------------
+    class IOSColumnHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            sv = ObjCClass("UIStackView").alloc().initWithFrame_(((0, 0), (0, 0)))
+            sv.setAxis_(1)  # vertical
+            self._apply(sv, props)
+            _apply_ios_layout(sv, props)
+            return sv
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_ios_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, sv: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "spacing" in props and props["spacing"]:
+                sv.setSpacing_(float(props["spacing"]))
+            if "alignment" in props and props["alignment"]:
+                mapping = {"fill": 0, "leading": 1, "top": 1, "center": 3, "trailing": 4, "bottom": 4}
+                sv.setAlignment_(mapping.get(props["alignment"], 0))
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                sv.setBackgroundColor_(_uicolor(props["background_color"]))
+            if "padding" in props:
+                left, top, right, bottom = _resolve_padding(props["padding"])
+                sv.setLayoutMarginsRelativeArrangement_(True)
+                try:
+                    sv.setDirectionalLayoutMargins_((top, left, bottom, right))
+                except Exception:
+                    sv.setLayoutMargins_((top, left, bottom, right))
+
+        def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.addArrangedSubview_(child)
+
+        def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.removeArrangedSubview_(child)
+            child.removeFromSuperview()
+
+        def insert_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any, index: int) -> None:
+            parent.insertArrangedSubview_atIndex_(child, index)
+
+    # ---- Row (horizontal UIStackView) -----------------------------------
+    class IOSRowHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            sv = ObjCClass("UIStackView").alloc().initWithFrame_(((0, 0), (0, 0)))
+            sv.setAxis_(0)  # horizontal
+            self._apply(sv, props)
+            _apply_ios_layout(sv, props)
+            return sv
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_ios_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, sv: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "spacing" in props and props["spacing"]:
+                sv.setSpacing_(float(props["spacing"]))
+            if "alignment" in props and props["alignment"]:
+                mapping = {"fill": 0, "leading": 1, "top": 1, "center": 3, "trailing": 4, "bottom": 4}
+                sv.setAlignment_(mapping.get(props["alignment"], 0))
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                sv.setBackgroundColor_(_uicolor(props["background_color"]))
+
+        def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.addArrangedSubview_(child)
+
+        def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.removeArrangedSubview_(child)
+            child.removeFromSuperview()
+
+        def insert_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any, index: int) -> None:
+            parent.insertArrangedSubview_atIndex_(child, index)
+
+    # ---- ScrollView -----------------------------------------------------
+    class IOSScrollViewHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            sv = ObjCClass("UIScrollView").alloc().init()
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                sv.setBackgroundColor_(_uicolor(props["background_color"]))
+            _apply_ios_layout(sv, props)
+            return sv
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "background_color" in changed and changed["background_color"] is not None:
+                native_view.setBackgroundColor_(_uicolor(changed["background_color"]))
+
+        def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            child.setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints_(False)
+            parent.addSubview_(child)
+            content_guide = parent.contentLayoutGuide
+            frame_guide = parent.frameLayoutGuide
+            child.topAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor_(content_guide.topAnchor).setActive_(True)
+            child.leadingAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor_(content_guide.leadingAnchor).setActive_(True)
+            child.trailingAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor_(content_guide.trailingAnchor).setActive_(True)
+            child.bottomAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor_(content_guide.bottomAnchor).setActive_(True)
+            child.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor_(frame_guide.widthAnchor).setActive_(True)
+
+        def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            child.removeFromSuperview()
+
+    # ---- TextInput (UITextField with on_change) -------------------------
+    _pn_tf_handler_map: dict = {}
+
+    class _PNTextFieldTarget(NSObject):  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+        _callback: Optional[Callable[[str], None]] = None
+
+        @objc_method
+        def onEdit_(self, sender: object) -> None:
+            if self._callback is not None:
+                try:
+                    text = str(sender.text) if sender and hasattr(sender, "text") else ""
+                    self._callback(text)
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+
+    class IOSTextInputHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            tf = ObjCClass("UITextField").alloc().init()
+            tf.setBorderStyle_(2)  # RoundedRect
+            self._apply(tf, props)
+            _apply_ios_layout(tf, props)
+            return tf
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_ios_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, tf: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "value" in props:
+                tf.setText_(str(props["value"]))
+            if "placeholder" in props:
+                tf.setPlaceholder_(str(props["placeholder"]))
+            if "font_size" in props and props["font_size"] is not None:
+                tf.setFont_(UIFont.systemFontOfSize_(float(props["font_size"])))
+            if "color" in props and props["color"] is not None:
+                tf.setTextColor_(_uicolor(props["color"]))
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                tf.setBackgroundColor_(_uicolor(props["background_color"]))
+            if "secure" in props and props["secure"]:
+                tf.setSecureTextEntry_(True)
+            if "on_change" in props:
+                existing = _pn_tf_handler_map.get(id(tf))
+                if existing is not None:
+                    existing._callback = props["on_change"]
+                else:
+                    handler = _PNTextFieldTarget.new()
+                    handler._callback = props["on_change"]
+                    _pn_tf_handler_map[id(tf)] = handler
+                    tf.addTarget_action_forControlEvents_(handler, SEL("onEdit:"), 1 << 17)
+
+    # ---- Image (with URL loading) ---------------------------------------
+    class IOSImageHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            iv = ObjCClass("UIImageView").alloc().init()
+            self._apply(iv, props)
+            _apply_ios_layout(iv, props)
+            return iv
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_ios_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, iv: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                iv.setBackgroundColor_(_uicolor(props["background_color"]))
+            if "source" in props and props["source"]:
+                self._load_source(iv, props["source"])
+            if "scale_type" in props and props["scale_type"]:
+                mapping = {"cover": 2, "contain": 1, "stretch": 0, "center": 4}
+                iv.setContentMode_(mapping.get(props["scale_type"], 1))
+
+        def _load_source(self, iv: Any, source: str) -> None:
+            try:
+                if source.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
+                    NSURL = ObjCClass("NSURL")
+                    NSData = ObjCClass("NSData")
+                    UIImage = ObjCClass("UIImage")
+                    url = NSURL.URLWithString_(source)
+                    data = NSData.dataWithContentsOfURL_(url)
+                    if data:
+                        image = UIImage.imageWithData_(data)
+                        if image:
+                            iv.setImage_(image)
+                else:
+                    UIImage = ObjCClass("UIImage")
+                    image = UIImage.imageNamed_(source)
+                    if image:
+                        iv.setImage_(image)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+    # ---- Switch (with on_change) ----------------------------------------
+    _pn_switch_handler_map: dict = {}
+
+    class _PNSwitchTarget(NSObject):  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+        _callback: Optional[Callable[[bool], None]] = None
+
+        @objc_method
+        def onToggle_(self, sender: object) -> None:
+            if self._callback is not None:
+                try:
+                    self._callback(bool(sender.isOn()))
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+
+    class IOSSwitchHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            sw = ObjCClass("UISwitch").alloc().init()
+            self._apply(sw, props)
+            return sw
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, sw: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "value" in props:
+                sw.setOn_animated_(bool(props["value"]), False)
+            if "on_change" in props:
+                existing = _pn_switch_handler_map.get(id(sw))
+                if existing is not None:
+                    existing._callback = props["on_change"]
+                else:
+                    handler = _PNSwitchTarget.new()
+                    handler._callback = props["on_change"]
+                    _pn_switch_handler_map[id(sw)] = handler
+                    sw.addTarget_action_forControlEvents_(handler, SEL("onToggle:"), 1 << 12)
+
+    # ---- ProgressBar (UIProgressView) -----------------------------------
+    class IOSProgressBarHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            pv = ObjCClass("UIProgressView").alloc().init()
+            if "value" in props:
+                pv.setProgress_(float(props["value"]))
+            _apply_ios_layout(pv, props)
+            return pv
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "value" in changed:
+                native_view.setProgress_(float(changed["value"]))
+
+    # ---- ActivityIndicator ----------------------------------------------
+    class IOSActivityIndicatorHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            ai = ObjCClass("UIActivityIndicatorView").alloc().init()
+            if props.get("animating", True):
+                ai.startAnimating()
+            return ai
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "animating" in changed:
+                if changed["animating"]:
+                    native_view.startAnimating()
+                else:
+                    native_view.stopAnimating()
+
+    # ---- WebView (WKWebView) --------------------------------------------
+    class IOSWebViewHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            wv = ObjCClass("WKWebView").alloc().init()
+            if "url" in props and props["url"]:
+                NSURL = ObjCClass("NSURL")
+                NSURLRequest = ObjCClass("NSURLRequest")
+                url_obj = NSURL.URLWithString_(str(props["url"]))
+                wv.loadRequest_(NSURLRequest.requestWithURL_(url_obj))
+            _apply_ios_layout(wv, props)
+            return wv
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "url" in changed and changed["url"]:
+                NSURL = ObjCClass("NSURL")
+                NSURLRequest = ObjCClass("NSURLRequest")
+                url_obj = NSURL.URLWithString_(str(changed["url"]))
+                native_view.loadRequest_(NSURLRequest.requestWithURL_(url_obj))
+
+    # ---- Spacer ---------------------------------------------------------
+    class IOSSpacerHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            v = ObjCClass("UIView").alloc().init()
+            if "size" in props and props["size"] is not None:
+                size = float(props["size"])
+                v.setFrame_(((0, 0), (size, size)))
+            return v
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "size" in changed and changed["size"] is not None:
+                size = float(changed["size"])
+                native_view.setFrame_(((0, 0), (size, size)))
+
+    # ---- View (generic UIView) -----------------------------------------
+    class IOSViewHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            v = ObjCClass("UIView").alloc().init()
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                v.setBackgroundColor_(_uicolor(props["background_color"]))
+            _apply_ios_layout(v, props)
+            return v
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "background_color" in changed and changed["background_color"] is not None:
+                native_view.setBackgroundColor_(_uicolor(changed["background_color"]))
+            if changed.keys() & _LAYOUT_KEYS:
+                _apply_ios_layout(native_view, changed)
+
+        def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.addSubview_(child)
+
+        def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            child.removeFromSuperview()
+
+    # ---- SafeAreaView ---------------------------------------------------
+    class IOSSafeAreaViewHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            v = ObjCClass("UIView").alloc().init()
+            if "background_color" in props and props["background_color"] is not None:
+                v.setBackgroundColor_(_uicolor(props["background_color"]))
+            return v
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "background_color" in changed and changed["background_color"] is not None:
+                native_view.setBackgroundColor_(_uicolor(changed["background_color"]))
+
+        def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.addSubview_(child)
+
+        def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            child.removeFromSuperview()
+
+    # ---- Modal ----------------------------------------------------------
+    class IOSModalHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            v = ObjCClass("UIView").alloc().init()
+            v.setHidden_(True)
+            return v
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            pass
+
+    # ---- Slider (UISlider) ----------------------------------------------
+    _pn_slider_handler_map: dict = {}
+
+    class _PNSliderTarget(NSObject):  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+        _callback: Optional[Callable[[float], None]] = None
+
+        @objc_method
+        def onSlide_(self, sender: object) -> None:
+            if self._callback is not None:
+                try:
+                    self._callback(float(sender.value))
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+
+    class IOSSliderHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            sl = ObjCClass("UISlider").alloc().init()
+            self._apply(sl, props)
+            _apply_ios_layout(sl, props)
+            return sl
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            self._apply(native_view, changed)
+
+        def _apply(self, sl: Any, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            if "min_value" in props:
+                sl.setMinimumValue_(float(props["min_value"]))
+            if "max_value" in props:
+                sl.setMaximumValue_(float(props["max_value"]))
+            if "value" in props:
+                sl.setValue_(float(props["value"]))
+            if "on_change" in props:
+                existing = _pn_slider_handler_map.get(id(sl))
+                if existing is not None:
+                    existing._callback = props["on_change"]
+                else:
+                    handler = _PNSliderTarget.new()
+                    handler._callback = props["on_change"]
+                    _pn_slider_handler_map[id(sl)] = handler
+                    sl.addTarget_action_forControlEvents_(handler, SEL("onSlide:"), 1 << 12)
+
+    # ---- Pressable (UIView with tap gesture) ----------------------------
+    class IOSPressableHandler(ViewHandler):
+        def create(self, props: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+            v = ObjCClass("UIView").alloc().init()
+            v.setUserInteractionEnabled_(True)
+            return v
+
+        def update(self, native_view: Any, changed: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def add_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            parent.addSubview_(child)
+
+        def remove_child(self, parent: Any, child: Any) -> None:
+            child.removeFromSuperview()
+
+    registry.register("Text", IOSTextHandler())
+    registry.register("Button", IOSButtonHandler())
+    registry.register("Column", IOSColumnHandler())
+    registry.register("Row", IOSRowHandler())
+    registry.register("ScrollView", IOSScrollViewHandler())
+    registry.register("TextInput", IOSTextInputHandler())
+    registry.register("Image", IOSImageHandler())
+    registry.register("Switch", IOSSwitchHandler())
+    registry.register("ProgressBar", IOSProgressBarHandler())
+    registry.register("ActivityIndicator", IOSActivityIndicatorHandler())
+    registry.register("WebView", IOSWebViewHandler())
+    registry.register("Spacer", IOSSpacerHandler())
+    registry.register("View", IOSViewHandler())
+    registry.register("SafeAreaView", IOSSafeAreaViewHandler())
+    registry.register("Modal", IOSModalHandler())
+    registry.register("Slider", IOSSliderHandler())
+    registry.register("Pressable", IOSPressableHandler())
+
+
+# ======================================================================
+# Factory
+# ======================================================================
+
+_registry: Optional[NativeViewRegistry] = None
+
+
+def get_registry() -> NativeViewRegistry:
+    """Return the singleton registry, lazily creating platform handlers."""
+    global _registry
+    if _registry is not None:
+        return _registry
+    _registry = NativeViewRegistry()
+    if IS_ANDROID:
+        _register_android_handlers(_registry)
+    else:
+        _register_ios_handlers(_registry)
+    return _registry
+
+
+def set_registry(registry: NativeViewRegistry) -> None:
+    """Inject a custom or mock registry (primarily for testing)."""
+    global _registry
+    _registry = registry