pystylometry 1.1.0__py3-none-any.whl → 1.3.0__py3-none-any.whl

pystylometry/stylistic/genre_register.py

@@ -9,37 +9,1580 @@ Related GitHub Issue:
 
 References:
     Biber, D. (1988). Variation across speech and writing. Cambridge University Press.
-    Biber, D., & Conrad, S. (2009). Register, genre, and style.
+    Biber, D., & Conrad, S. (2009). Register, genre, and style. Cambridge University Press.
+    Heylighen, F., & Dewaele, J. M. (1999). Formality of language: Definition,
+        measurement and behavioral determinants.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Any
+
 from .._types import GenreRegisterResult
 
+# =============================================================================
+# WORD LISTS
+# =============================================================================
+
+# Common Latinate suffixes and prefixes (from Latin/French origin)
+# These indicate formal, academic, or technical register
+LATINATE_SUFFIXES = frozenset(
+    [
+        "tion",
+        "sion",
+        "ment",
+        "ity",
+        "ence",
+        "ance",
+        "ious",
+        "eous",
+        "ible",
+        "able",
+        "ive",
+        "ative",
+        "ure",
+        "al",
+        "ial",
+        "ual",
+        "ory",
+        "ary",
+        "ery",
+        "ant",
+        "ent",
+        "ous",
+        "uous",
+        "ic",
+        "ical",
+    ]
+)
+
+# Common Germanic/Anglo-Saxon words (everyday, informal vocabulary)
+# High-frequency words of Old English origin
+GERMANIC_COMMON_WORDS = frozenset(
+    [
+        # Basic verbs
+        "be",
+        "have",
+        "do",
+        "go",
+        "come",
+        "get",
+        "make",
+        "take",
+        "see",
+        "know",
+        "think",
+        "want",
+        "give",
+        "use",
+        "find",
+        "tell",
+        "ask",
+        "work",
+        "seem",
+        "feel",
+        "try",
+        "leave",
+        "call",
+        "keep",
+        "let",
+        "begin",
+        "show",
+        "hear",
+        "play",
+        "run",
+        "move",
+        "live",
+        "believe",
+        "hold",
+        "bring",
+        "happen",
+        "write",
+        "sit",
+        "stand",
+        "lose",
+        "pay",
+        "meet",
+        "set",
+        "learn",
+        "lead",
+        "understand",
+        "watch",
+        "follow",
+        "stop",
+        "speak",
+        "read",
+        "spend",
+        "grow",
+        "open",
+        "walk",
+        "win",
+        "teach",
+        "buy",
+        "fall",
+        "reach",
+        "build",
+        "sell",
+        "wait",
+        "cut",
+        "kill",
+        "sleep",
+        "send",
+        "stay",
+        "rise",
+        "drive",
+        "drink",
+        "break",
+        "eat",
+        "pull",
+        "shake",
+        "throw",
+        "catch",
+        "draw",
+        "hit",
+        "fight",
+        "wear",
+        "hang",
+        "strike",
+        "steal",
+        "swim",
+        "blow",
+        "fly",
+        "sing",
+        "ring",
+        # Basic nouns
+        "man",
+        "woman",
+        "child",
+        "day",
+        "way",
+        "thing",
+        "world",
+        "life",
+        "hand",
+        "year",
+        "time",
+        "work",
+        "night",
+        "home",
+        "word",
+        "eye",
+        "head",
+        "house",
+        "room",
+        "friend",
+        "door",
+        "side",
+        "water",
+        "mother",
+        "father",
+        "name",
+        "week",
+        "month",
+        "end",
+        "heart",
+        "mind",
+        "body",
+        "sun",
+        "moon",
+        "earth",
+        "god",
+        "king",
+        "land",
+        "sea",
+        "light",
+        "stone",
+        "tree",
+        "book",
+        "town",
+        "blood",
+        "brother",
+        "sister",
+        "wife",
+        "husband",
+        "son",
+        "daughter",
+        "folk",
+        # Basic adjectives
+        "good",
+        "new",
+        "first",
+        "last",
+        "long",
+        "great",
+        "little",
+        "own",
+        "other",
+        "old",
+        "right",
+        "big",
+        "high",
+        "small",
+        "large",
+        "young",
+        "early",
+        "late",
+        "whole",
+        "true",
+        "wrong",
+        "strong",
+        "dark",
+        "bright",
+        "deep",
+        "free",
+        "full",
+        "hard",
+        "soft",
+        "hot",
+        "cold",
+        "warm",
+        "cool",
+        "wet",
+        "dry",
+        "clean",
+        "dirty",
+        "sharp",
+        "dull",
+        "thick",
+        "thin",
+        "wide",
+        "narrow",
+        "quick",
+        "slow",
+        "fast",
+        "sick",
+        "well",
+        "dead",
+        "alive",
+        "rich",
+        "poor",
+        "sweet",
+        "bitter",
+        "loud",
+        # Basic adverbs and function words
+        "up",
+        "down",
+        "in",
+        "out",
+        "on",
+        "off",
+        "over",
+        "under",
+        "here",
+        "there",
+        "now",
+        "then",
+        "when",
+        "where",
+        "how",
+        "why",
+        "what",
+        "who",
+        "which",
+        "this",
+        "that",
+        "these",
+        "those",
+        "some",
+        "any",
+        "no",
+        "not",
+        "all",
+        "both",
+        "each",
+        "every",
+        "many",
+        "much",
+        "few",
+        "little",
+        "more",
+        "most",
+        "other",
+        "same",
+        "such",
+        "only",
+        "even",
+        "also",
+        "just",
+        "still",
+        "yet",
+        "already",
+        "always",
+        "never",
+        "often",
+        "sometimes",
+        "again",
+        "back",
+        "away",
+    ]
+)
+
+# Latinate/formal vocabulary (Latin/French origin)
+LATINATE_WORDS = frozenset(
+    [
+        # Academic/formal verbs
+        "obtain",
+        "acquire",
+        "achieve",
+        "accomplish",
+        "demonstrate",
+        "indicate",
+        "establish",
+        "determine",
+        "examine",
+        "analyze",
+        "evaluate",
+        "assess",
+        "consider",
+        "conclude",
+        "suggest",
+        "propose",
+        "recommend",
+        "require",
+        "utilize",
+        "employ",
+        "implement",
+        "facilitate",
+        "contribute",
+        "constitute",
+        "represent",
+        "comprise",
+        "involve",
+        "include",
+        "exclude",
+        "provide",
+        "maintain",
+        "sustain",
+        "retain",
+        "contain",
+        "attain",
+        "pertain",
+        "perceive",
+        "conceive",
+        "receive",
+        "deceive",
+        "assume",
+        "presume",
+        "consume",
+        "resume",
+        "pursue",
+        "ensure",
+        "assure",
+        "observe",
+        "preserve",
+        "reserve",
+        "deserve",
+        "conserve",
+        "serve",
+        "participate",
+        "anticipate",
+        "communicate",
+        "investigate",
+        "illustrate",
+        "concentrate",
+        "eliminate",
+        "terminate",
+        "dominate",
+        # Academic/formal nouns
+        "analysis",
+        "hypothesis",
+        "theory",
+        "concept",
+        "principle",
+        "phenomenon",
+        "evidence",
+        "conclusion",
+        "assumption",
+        "implication",
+        "significance",
+        "consequence",
+        "circumstance",
+        "occurrence",
+        "reference",
+        "preference",
+        "difference",
+        "influence",
+        "experience",
+        "existence",
+        "assistance",
+        "resistance",
+        "persistence",
+        "instance",
+        "substance",
+        "distance",
+        "importance",
+        "performance",
+        "appearance",
+        "maintenance",
+        "tolerance",
+        "accordance",
+        "abundance",
+        "guidance",
+        "reliance",
+        "compliance",
+        "institution",
+        "organization",
+        "administration",
+        "consideration",
+        "determination",
+        "representation",
+        "interpretation",
+        "implementation",
+        "contribution",
+        "distribution",
+        "constitution",
+        "resolution",
+        "solution",
+        "evolution",
+        "revolution",
+        "evaluation",
+        "situation",
+        "association",
+        "variation",
+        "correlation",
+        "examination",
+        "investigation",
+        "observation",
+        # Academic/formal adjectives
+        "significant",
+        "substantial",
+        "considerable",
+        "essential",
+        "fundamental",
+        "primary",
+        "secondary",
+        "subsequent",
+        "previous",
+        "initial",
+        "final",
+        "potential",
+        "actual",
+        "virtual",
+        "crucial",
+        "critical",
+        "vital",
+        "specific",
+        "particular",
+        "general",
+        "universal",
+        "individual",
+        "personal",
+        "professional",
+        "traditional",
+        "conventional",
+        "exceptional",
+        "additional",
+        "sufficient",
+        "efficient",
+        "proficient",
+        "deficient",
+        "magnificent",
+        "appropriate",
+        "adequate",
+        "accurate",
+        "precise",
+        "explicit",
+        "implicit",
+        "complex",
+        "simple",
+        "obvious",
+        "apparent",
+        "evident",
+        "prominent",
+        "dominant",
+        "relevant",
+        "equivalent",
+        "frequent",
+        "permanent",
+    ]
+)
+
+# Abstract noun suffixes (indicators of abstract concepts)
+ABSTRACT_SUFFIXES = frozenset(
+    [
+        "ness",
+        "ity",
+        "ment",
+        "tion",
+        "sion",
+        "ance",
+        "ence",
+        "dom",
+        "hood",
+        "ship",
+        "ism",
+        "acy",
+        "age",
+        "ure",
+        "th",
+        "ty",
+    ]
+)
+
+# Concrete noun categories (physical, tangible things)
+CONCRETE_CATEGORIES = frozenset(
+    [
+        # Body parts
+        "head",
+        "hand",
+        "eye",
+        "face",
+        "arm",
+        "leg",
+        "foot",
+        "finger",
+        "hair",
+        "heart",
+        "body",
+        "skin",
+        "bone",
+        "blood",
+        "mouth",
+        "nose",
+        "ear",
+        "tooth",
+        # Natural objects
+        "tree",
+        "flower",
+        "grass",
+        "leaf",
+        "rock",
+        "stone",
+        "mountain",
+        "river",
+        "ocean",
+        "sea",
+        "lake",
+        "sun",
+        "moon",
+        "star",
+        "sky",
+        "cloud",
+        "rain",
+        "snow",
+        "wind",
+        "fire",
+        "water",
+        "earth",
+        "sand",
+        "wood",
+        "metal",
+        "gold",
+        # Man-made objects
+        "house",
+        "building",
+        "room",
+        "door",
+        "window",
+        "wall",
+        "floor",
+        "roof",
+        "table",
+        "chair",
+        "bed",
+        "desk",
+        "book",
+        "paper",
+        "pen",
+        "phone",
+        "car",
+        "bus",
+        "train",
+        "plane",
+        "ship",
+        "boat",
+        "road",
+        "street",
+        "bridge",
+        "clock",
+        "watch",
+        "key",
+        "knife",
+        "cup",
+        "plate",
+        "glass",
+        "bottle",
+        # Animals
+        "dog",
+        "cat",
+        "horse",
+        "cow",
+        "bird",
+        "fish",
+        "mouse",
+        "rat",
+        "lion",
+        "tiger",
+        "bear",
+        "wolf",
+        "fox",
+        "deer",
+        "rabbit",
+        "snake",
+        "frog",
+        # Food
+        "bread",
+        "meat",
+        "milk",
+        "egg",
+        "fruit",
+        "apple",
+        "orange",
+        "rice",
+        "potato",
+        "vegetable",
+        "cheese",
+        "butter",
+        "sugar",
+        "salt",
+        "coffee",
+        "tea",
+        # Clothing
+        "shirt",
+        "pants",
+        "dress",
+        "coat",
+        "hat",
+        "shoe",
+        "sock",
+        "glove",
+    ]
+)
+
+# Narrative markers (past tense, action verbs, temporal markers)
+NARRATIVE_MARKERS = frozenset(
+    [
+        # Temporal markers
+        "suddenly",
+        "then",
+        "finally",
+        "meanwhile",
+        "afterwards",
+        "eventually",
+        "immediately",
+        "soon",
+        "later",
+        "before",
+        "after",
+        "once",
+        "while",
+        # Dialogue tags
+        "said",
+        "asked",
+        "replied",
+        "answered",
+        "whispered",
+        "shouted",
+        "cried",
+        "exclaimed",
+        "muttered",
+        "murmured",
+        "declared",
+        "announced",
+        "explained",
+        # Motion/action verbs (common in narratives)
+        "walked",
+        "ran",
+        "jumped",
+        "fell",
+        "stood",
+        "sat",
+        "looked",
+        "watched",
+        "turned",
+        "moved",
+        "came",
+        "went",
+        "left",
+        "arrived",
+        "entered",
+        "escaped",
+        "grabbed",
+        "dropped",
+        "threw",
+        "caught",
+        "hit",
+        "pushed",
+        "pulled",
+    ]
+)
+
+# Expository markers (present tense, linking verbs, logical connectors)
+EXPOSITORY_MARKERS = frozenset(
+    [
+        # Logical connectors
+        "therefore",
+        "thus",
+        "hence",
+        "consequently",
+        "furthermore",
+        "moreover",
+        "however",
+        "nevertheless",
+        "although",
+        "whereas",
+        "because",
+        "since",
+        "indeed",
+        "specifically",
+        "particularly",
+        "generally",
+        "typically",
+        # Definitional markers
+        "defined",
+        "means",
+        "refers",
+        "consists",
+        "comprises",
+        "includes",
+        "involves",
+        "represents",
+        "indicates",
+        "suggests",
+        "demonstrates",
+        "shows",
+        # Structural markers
+        "firstly",
+        "secondly",
+        "thirdly",
+        "additionally",
+        "similarly",
+        "conversely",
+        "alternatively",
+        "namely",
+        "essentially",
+    ]
+)
+
+# Legal register markers
+LEGAL_MARKERS = frozenset(
+    [
+        "whereas",
+        "hereby",
+        "herein",
+        "hereof",
+        "thereof",
+        "therein",
+        "wherein",
+        "forthwith",
+        "notwithstanding",
+        "pursuant",
+        "aforesaid",
+        "heretofore",
+        "hereafter",
+        "henceforth",
+        "whereby",
+        "whereupon",
+        "inasmuch",
+        "insofar",
+        "shall",
+        "aforementioned",
+        "undersigned",
+        "plaintiff",
+        "defendant",
+        "jurisdiction",
+        "statute",
+        "provision",
+        "liability",
+        "indemnify",
+        "covenant",
+        "stipulate",
+        "terminate",
+        "constitute",
+        "enforce",
+        "comply",
+    ]
+)
+
+# Academic register markers
+ACADEMIC_MARKERS = frozenset(
+    [
+        "hypothesis",
+        "methodology",
+        "analysis",
+        "findings",
+        "conclusion",
+        "research",
+        "study",
+        "evidence",
+        "literature",
+        "theory",
+        "framework",
+        "significant",
+        "correlation",
+        "variable",
+        "sample",
+        "data",
+        "results",
+        "furthermore",
+        "moreover",
+        "however",
+        "therefore",
+        "consequently",
+        "previous",
+        "current",
+        "subsequent",
+        "demonstrate",
+        "indicate",
+        "suggest",
+        "examine",
+        "investigate",
+        "analyze",
+        "evaluate",
+        "assess",
+        "determine",
+    ]
+)
+
+# Journalistic register markers
+JOURNALISTIC_MARKERS = frozenset(
+    [
+        "reported",
+        "announced",
+        "revealed",
+        "disclosed",
+        "confirmed",
+        "denied",
+        "claimed",
+        "alleged",
+        "stated",
+        "according",
+        "sources",
+        "officials",
+        "authorities",
+        "spokesperson",
+        "investigation",
+        "breaking",
+        "developing",
+        "exclusive",
+        "update",
+        "latest",
+        "controversy",
+        "scandal",
+        "crisis",
+    ]
+)
+
+# Conversational/informal markers
+CONVERSATIONAL_MARKERS = frozenset(
+    [
+        "yeah",
+        "yep",
+        "nope",
+        "okay",
+        "ok",
+        "hey",
+        "hi",
+        "hello",
+        "bye",
+        "well",
+        "like",
+        "just",
+        "really",
+        "actually",
+        "basically",
+        "literally",
+        "totally",
+        "gonna",
+        "wanna",
+        "gotta",
+        "kinda",
+        "sorta",
+        "dunno",
+        "lemme",
+        "gimme",
+        "stuff",
+        "thing",
+        "things",
+        "guy",
+        "guys",
+        "kids",
+        "folks",
+        "awesome",
+        "cool",
+        "nice",
+        "great",
+        "amazing",
+        "terrible",
+        "horrible",
+        "crazy",
+    ]
+)
+
+# First person pronouns
+FIRST_PERSON_PRONOUNS = frozenset(
+    [
+        "i",
+        "me",
+        "my",
+        "mine",
+        "myself",
+        "we",
+        "us",
+        "our",
+        "ours",
+        "ourselves",
+    ]
+)
+
+# Second person pronouns
+SECOND_PERSON_PRONOUNS = frozenset(
+    [
+        "you",
+        "your",
+        "yours",
+        "yourself",
+        "yourselves",
+    ]
+)
+
+# Third person pronouns
+THIRD_PERSON_PRONOUNS = frozenset(
+    [
+        "he",
+        "him",
+        "his",
+        "himself",
+        "she",
+        "her",
+        "hers",
+        "herself",
+        "it",
+        "its",
+        "itself",
+        "they",
+        "them",
+        "their",
+        "theirs",
+        "themselves",
+        "one",
+        "oneself",
+    ]
+)
+
+# Impersonal constructions (start of sentences)
+IMPERSONAL_PATTERNS = [
+    r"\bit\s+is\b",
+    r"\bit\s+was\b",
+    r"\bit\s+has\s+been\b",
+    r"\bit\s+seems\b",
+    r"\bit\s+appears\b",
+    r"\bthere\s+is\b",
+    r"\bthere\s+are\b",
+    r"\bthere\s+was\b",
+    r"\bthere\s+were\b",
+    r"\bthere\s+has\s+been\b",
+    r"\bthere\s+have\s+been\b",
+    r"\bone\s+can\b",
+    r"\bone\s+may\b",
+    r"\bone\s+might\b",
+    r"\bone\s+should\b",
+    r"\bone\s+must\b",
+]
+
+
+# =============================================================================
+# HELPER FUNCTIONS
+# =============================================================================
+
+
+def _tokenize(text: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Tokenize text into lowercase words."""
+    return re.findall(r"\b[a-zA-Z]+\b", text.lower())
+
+
+def _count_latinate_words(tokens: list[str]) -> int:
+    """Count words with Latinate characteristics.
+
+    A word is considered Latinate if it:
+    1. Is in the explicit Latinate word list, OR
+    2. Has a Latinate suffix and is longer than 6 characters
+
+    This heuristic captures formal vocabulary of Latin/French origin.
+    """
+    count = 0
+    for token in tokens:
+        if token in LATINATE_WORDS:
+            count += 1
+        elif len(token) > 6:
+            for suffix in LATINATE_SUFFIXES:
+                if token.endswith(suffix):
+                    count += 1
+                    break
+    return count
+
+
+def _count_germanic_words(tokens: list[str]) -> int:
+    """Count words with Germanic/Anglo-Saxon characteristics.
+
+    A word is considered Germanic if it:
+    1. Is in the explicit Germanic common word list, OR
+    2. Is short (4 letters or fewer) and doesn't have Latinate suffix
+
+    This captures everyday vocabulary of Old English origin.
+    """
+    count = 0
+    for token in tokens:
+        if token in GERMANIC_COMMON_WORDS:
+            count += 1
+        elif len(token) <= 4:
+            # Short words are typically Germanic
+            is_latinate = False
+            for suffix in LATINATE_SUFFIXES:
+                if token.endswith(suffix):
+                    is_latinate = True
+                    break
+            if not is_latinate:
+                count += 1
+    return count
+
+
+def _count_nominalizations(tokens: list[str]) -> int:
+    """Count nominalizations (verbs/adjectives turned into nouns).
+
+    Nominalizations are identified by suffixes like -tion, -ment, -ness, -ity.
+    These are characteristic of formal, academic writing.
+
+    Reference:
+        Biber, D. (1988). Nominalizations are one of the strongest markers
+        of informational, formal register.
+    """
+    count = 0
+    nominalization_suffixes = ["tion", "sion", "ment", "ness", "ity", "ance", "ence"]
+    for token in tokens:
+        if len(token) > 5:  # Avoid false positives on short words
+            for suffix in nominalization_suffixes:
+                if token.endswith(suffix):
+                    count += 1
+                    break
+    return count
+
+
+def _count_abstract_nouns(tokens: list[str]) -> int:
+    """Count abstract nouns (concepts, ideas, qualities).
+
+    Abstract nouns are identified by:
+    1. Suffixes indicating abstract concepts (-ness, -ity, -ism, etc.)
+    2. NOT being in the concrete word list
+    """
+    count = 0
+    for token in tokens:
+        if len(token) > 4:
+            for suffix in ABSTRACT_SUFFIXES:
+                if token.endswith(suffix):
+                    count += 1
+                    break
+    return count
+
+
+def _count_concrete_nouns(tokens: list[str]) -> int:
+    """Count concrete nouns (physical, tangible things)."""
+    return sum(1 for token in tokens if token in CONCRETE_CATEGORIES)
+
+
+def _count_pronouns(tokens: list[str]) -> dict[str, int]:
+    """Count pronouns by person (first, second, third)."""
+    first = sum(1 for t in tokens if t in FIRST_PERSON_PRONOUNS)
+    second = sum(1 for t in tokens if t in SECOND_PERSON_PRONOUNS)
+    third = sum(1 for t in tokens if t in THIRD_PERSON_PRONOUNS)
+    return {"first": first, "second": second, "third": third}
+
+
+def _count_impersonal_constructions(text: str) -> int:
+    """Count impersonal constructions like 'It is...', 'There are...'."""
+    count = 0
+    text_lower = text.lower()
+    for pattern in IMPERSONAL_PATTERNS:
+        count += len(re.findall(pattern, text_lower))
+    return count
+
+
+def _count_narrative_markers(tokens: list[str]) -> int:
+    """Count markers characteristic of narrative text."""
+    return sum(1 for t in tokens if t in NARRATIVE_MARKERS)
+
+
+def _count_expository_markers(tokens: list[str]) -> int:
+    """Count markers characteristic of expository text."""
+    return sum(1 for t in tokens if t in EXPOSITORY_MARKERS)
+
+
+def _count_register_markers(tokens: list[str]) -> dict[str, int]:
+    """Count markers for different registers."""
+    return {
+        "legal": sum(1 for t in tokens if t in LEGAL_MARKERS),
+        "academic": sum(1 for t in tokens if t in ACADEMIC_MARKERS),
+        "journalistic": sum(1 for t in tokens if t in JOURNALISTIC_MARKERS),
+        "conversational": sum(1 for t in tokens if t in CONVERSATIONAL_MARKERS),
+    }
+
+
+def _estimate_dialogue_ratio(text: str) -> float:
+    """Estimate the proportion of text that is dialogue.
+
+    Dialogue is detected by quotation marks. This is a heuristic
+    that works for most fiction but may miss some edge cases.
+    """
+    # Find all quoted strings (both single and double quotes)
+    double_quoted = re.findall(r'"[^"]*"', text)
+    single_quoted = re.findall(r"'[^']*'", text)
+
+    # Calculate total dialogue character count
+    dialogue_chars = sum(len(q) for q in double_quoted)
+    dialogue_chars += sum(len(q) for q in single_quoted if len(q) > 3)  # Avoid contractions
+
+    total_chars = len(text.strip())
+    if total_chars == 0:
+        return 0.0
+
+    return min(1.0, dialogue_chars / total_chars)
+
+
+def _count_quotations(text: str) -> int:
+    """Count number of quotation instances."""
+    double_quotes = len(re.findall(r'"[^"]*"', text))
+    # Only count single quotes that look like actual quotes (longer than contractions)
+    single_quotes = len([q for q in re.findall(r"'[^']*'", text) if len(q) > 5])
+    return double_quotes + single_quotes
+
+
+def _detect_passive_voice(text: str) -> int:
+    """Detect passive voice constructions using regex patterns.
+
+    Passive voice pattern: form of "be" + past participle
+    Examples: "was written", "is considered", "were found"
+
+    This is a heuristic approach. For more accurate detection,
+    use spaCy's dependency parser (when available).
+    """
+    # Pattern: be verb + optional adverb + past participle (-ed, -en, irregular)
+    passive_patterns = [
+        r"\b(?:is|are|was|were|been|being|be)\s+(?:\w+ly\s+)?(?:\w+ed|written|taken|given|made|done|seen|known|found|told|shown|left|thought|felt|become|begun|broken|chosen|fallen|forgotten|frozen|hidden|spoken|stolen|sworn|woken)\b",
+    ]
+
+    count = 0
+    text_lower = text.lower()
+    for pattern in passive_patterns:
+        count += len(re.findall(pattern, text_lower, re.IGNORECASE))
 
-def compute_genre_register(text: str, model: str = "en_core_web_sm") -> GenreRegisterResult:
+    return count
+
+
+def _calculate_formality_score(
+    latinate_ratio: float,
+    nominalization_density: float,
+    passive_density: float,
+    first_person_ratio: float,
+    conversational_count: int,
+    word_count: int,
+) -> float:
+    """Calculate composite formality score (0-100).
+
+    Based on Heylighen & Dewaele (1999) F-score formula, adapted
+    for the available features.
+
+    Higher scores indicate more formal text.
+    """
+    # Base score from Latinate vocabulary (0-40 points)
+    latinate_score = min(40.0, latinate_ratio * 100)
+
+    # Nominalization contribution (0-20 points)
+    # Typical academic text has 3-6 nominalizations per 100 words
+    nom_score = min(20.0, nominalization_density * 4)
+
+    # Passive voice contribution (0-15 points)
+    # Typical formal text has 1-3 passives per 100 words
+    passive_score = min(15.0, passive_density * 5)
+
+    # First person penalty (reduces formality)
+    # High first-person usage is informal
+    first_person_penalty = first_person_ratio * 15
+
+    # Conversational marker penalty
+    conv_density = (conversational_count / max(1, word_count)) * 100
+    conv_penalty = min(20.0, conv_density * 10)
+
+    # Calculate final score
+    score = latinate_score + nom_score + passive_score - first_person_penalty - conv_penalty
+
+    # Normalize to 0-100 range
+    return max(0.0, min(100.0, score))
+
+
+def _classify_register(formality_score: float, features: dict[str, float]) -> str:
+    """Classify text into register category.
+
+    Registers (from Joos, 1961):
+    - frozen: ritualized, unchanging (legal documents, prayers)
+    - formal: one-way, no feedback expected (academic papers, reports)
+    - consultative: professional discourse (business, technical)
+    - casual: relaxed, everyday speech (conversations with friends)
+    - intimate: private, personal (close relationships)
+
+    Reference:
+        Joos, M. (1961). The Five Clocks. Harcourt, Brace & World.
+    """
+    legal_markers = features.get("legal_marker_count", 0)
+
+    if formality_score >= 80 or legal_markers >= 3:
+        return "frozen"
+    elif formality_score >= 60:
+        return "formal"
+    elif formality_score >= 40:
+        return "consultative"
+    elif formality_score >= 20:
+        return "casual"
+    else:
+        return "intimate"
+
+
+def _calculate_genre_scores(
+    features: dict[str, Any],
+) -> dict[str, float]:
+    """Calculate scores for each genre category.
+
+    Returns dict with scores from 0.0 to 1.0 for each genre.
+    """
+    word_count = max(1, features["word_count"])
+
+    # Academic score
+    academic_score = 0.0
+    academic_score += min(0.3, features["nominalization_density"] / 10)
+    academic_score += min(0.2, features["latinate_ratio"] * 0.5)
+    academic_score += min(0.2, features["passive_density"] / 5)
+    academic_score += min(0.15, (features["academic_markers"] / word_count) * 20)
+    academic_score += min(0.15, features["impersonal_density"] / 3)
+    academic_score = min(1.0, academic_score)
+
+    # Journalistic score
+    journalistic_score = 0.0
+    journalistic_score += min(0.3, (features["journalistic_markers"] / word_count) * 30)
+    journalistic_score += min(0.2, features["quotation_density"] / 3)
+    journalistic_score += min(
+        0.2, 0.5 - abs(features["formality_score"] / 100 - 0.5)
+    )  # Middle formality
+    journalistic_score += min(0.15, features["third_person_ratio"] * 0.2)
+    journalistic_score += 0.15 if features["narrative_expository_ratio"] > 0.3 else 0.0
+    journalistic_score = min(1.0, journalistic_score)
+
+    # Fiction score
+    fiction_score = 0.0
+    fiction_score += min(0.25, features["dialogue_ratio"] * 0.5)
+    fiction_score += min(0.25, features["narrative_density"] / 5)
+    fiction_score += min(0.2, features["concrete_ratio"] * 0.3)
+    fiction_score += min(0.15, features["first_person_ratio"] * 0.2)
+    fiction_score += min(0.15, (1.0 - features["latinate_ratio"]) * 0.2)  # Less formal
+    fiction_score = min(1.0, fiction_score)
+
+    # Legal score
+    legal_score = 0.0
+    legal_score += min(0.4, (features["legal_markers"] / word_count) * 50)
+    legal_score += min(0.2, features["nominalization_density"] / 8)
+    legal_score += min(0.2, features["passive_density"] / 4)
+    legal_score += min(0.1, features["latinate_ratio"] * 0.3)
+    legal_score += 0.1 if features["formality_score"] > 70 else 0.0
+    legal_score = min(1.0, legal_score)
+
+    # Conversational score
+    conv_score = 0.0
+    conv_score += min(0.3, (features["conversational_markers"] / word_count) * 30)
+    conv_score += min(0.2, features["first_person_ratio"] * 0.3)
+    conv_score += min(0.2, features["second_person_ratio"] * 0.4)
+    conv_score += min(0.15, (1.0 - features["latinate_ratio"]) * 0.25)
+    conv_score += min(0.15, (100 - features["formality_score"]) / 100 * 0.2)
+    conv_score = min(1.0, conv_score)
+
+    return {
+        "academic": academic_score,
+        "journalistic": journalistic_score,
+        "fiction": fiction_score,
+        "legal": legal_score,
+        "conversational": conv_score,
+    }
+
+
+def _predict_genre(scores: dict[str, float]) -> tuple[str, float]:
+    """Predict the most likely genre and confidence."""
+    if not scores:
+        return "unknown", 0.0
+
+    best_genre = max(scores, key=scores.get)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    best_score = scores[best_genre]
+
+    # Calculate confidence based on margin over second-best
+    sorted_scores = sorted(scores.values(), reverse=True)
+    if len(sorted_scores) >= 2:
+        margin = sorted_scores[0] - sorted_scores[1]
+        confidence = min(1.0, best_score * (1 + margin))
+    else:
+        confidence = best_score
+
+    return best_genre, confidence
+
+
+def _count_technical_terms(tokens: list[str], text: str) -> int:
+    """Count potential technical/specialized terms.
+
+    Heuristics for technical terms:
+    1. Capitalized words not at sentence start
+    2. Words with numbers mixed in
+    3. Acronyms (all caps, 2-5 letters)
+    4. Very long words (>12 chars) that aren't common
     """
-    Analyze genre and register features for text classification.
+    count = 0
+
+    # Count acronyms
+    acronyms = re.findall(r"\b[A-Z]{2,5}\b", text)
+    count += len(acronyms)
+
+    # Count words with numbers
+    alphanumeric = re.findall(r"\b[a-zA-Z]+\d+[a-zA-Z]*\b|\b\d+[a-zA-Z]+\b", text)
+    count += len(alphanumeric)
+
+    # Count very long words
+    for token in tokens:
+        if len(token) > 12 and token not in LATINATE_WORDS:
+            count += 1
+
+    return count
+
+
+# =============================================================================
+# MAIN FUNCTION
+# =============================================================================
+
+
+def compute_genre_register(
+    text: str,
+    model: str = "en_core_web_sm",  # noqa: ARG001 - Reserved for future spaCy integration
+) -> GenreRegisterResult:
+    """Analyze genre and register features for text classification.
+
+    This function extracts linguistic features that distinguish between
+    different text types (academic, journalistic, fiction, legal, conversational)
+    and formality levels (frozen, formal, consultative, casual, intimate).
+
+    The analysis is based on Biber's multidimensional approach to register
+    variation, combined with Heylighen & Dewaele's formality metrics.
 
     Related GitHub Issue:
         #23 - Genre and Register Features
         https://github.com/craigtrim/pystylometry/issues/23
 
     Args:
-        text: Input text to analyze
-        model: spaCy model for linguistic analysis
+        text: Input text to analyze.
+        model: spaCy model name (reserved for future enhanced analysis).
+            Currently unused; analysis uses regex-based heuristics.
 
     Returns:
-        GenreRegisterResult with formality scores, register classification,
-        genre predictions, and feature scores for major genres.
+        GenreRegisterResult with comprehensive genre and register metrics.
+
+    Features analyzed:
+        - Formality markers (Latinate words, nominalizations, passive voice)
+        - Personal vs. impersonal style (pronoun distribution)
+        - Abstract vs. concrete vocabulary
+        - Technical term density
+        - Narrative vs. expository markers
+        - Dialogue presence and ratio
+        - Register classification (frozen to intimate)
+        - Genre prediction with confidence scores
 
     Example:
-        >>> result = compute_genre_register("Academic paper text...")
-        >>> print(f"Formality score: {result.formality_score:.2f}")
-        >>> print(f"Predicted genre: {result.predicted_genre}")
-        >>> print(f"Academic score: {result.academic_score:.3f}")
-    """
-    # TODO: Implement genre/register analysis
-    # GitHub Issue #23: https://github.com/craigtrim/pystylometry/issues/23
-    raise NotImplementedError(
-        "Genre/register classification not yet implemented. "
-        "See GitHub Issue #23: https://github.com/craigtrim/pystylometry/issues/23"
+        >>> result = compute_genre_register("The court hereby finds...")
+        >>> print(f"Formality: {result.formality_score:.1f}")
+        >>> print(f"Register: {result.register_classification}")
+        >>> print(f"Genre: {result.predicted_genre}")
+
+    References:
+        Biber, D. (1988). Variation across speech and writing.
+            Cambridge University Press.
+        Biber, D., & Conrad, S. (2009). Register, genre, and style.
+            Cambridge University Press.
+        Heylighen, F., & Dewaele, J. M. (1999). Formality of language.
+        Joos, M. (1961). The Five Clocks. Harcourt, Brace & World.
+    """
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    # Tokenize
+    tokens = _tokenize(text)
+    word_count = len(tokens)
+
+    # Handle empty text
+    if word_count == 0:
+        return GenreRegisterResult(
+            formality_score=0.0,
+            latinate_ratio=0.0,
+            nominalization_density=0.0,
+            passive_voice_density=0.0,
+            first_person_ratio=0.0,
+            second_person_ratio=0.0,
+            third_person_ratio=0.0,
+            impersonal_construction_density=0.0,
+            abstract_noun_ratio=0.0,
+            concrete_noun_ratio=0.0,
+            abstractness_score=0.0,
+            technical_term_density=0.0,
+            jargon_density=0.0,
+            narrative_marker_density=0.0,
+            expository_marker_density=0.0,
+            narrative_expository_ratio=0.0,
+            dialogue_ratio=0.0,
+            quotation_density=0.0,
+            register_classification="unknown",
+            predicted_genre="unknown",
+            genre_confidence=0.0,
+            academic_score=0.0,
+            journalistic_score=0.0,
+            fiction_score=0.0,
+            legal_score=0.0,
+            conversational_score=0.0,
+            metadata={
+                "word_count": 0,
+                "computation_time": time.time() - start_time,
+            },
+        )
+
+    # Count various features
+    latinate_count = _count_latinate_words(tokens)
+    germanic_count = _count_germanic_words(tokens)
+    nominalization_count = _count_nominalizations(tokens)
+    abstract_count = _count_abstract_nouns(tokens)
+    concrete_count = _count_concrete_nouns(tokens)
+    pronoun_counts = _count_pronouns(tokens)
+    impersonal_count = _count_impersonal_constructions(text)
+    narrative_count = _count_narrative_markers(tokens)
+    expository_count = _count_expository_markers(tokens)
+    register_markers = _count_register_markers(tokens)
+    passive_count = _detect_passive_voice(text)
+    dialogue_ratio = _estimate_dialogue_ratio(text)
+    quotation_count = _count_quotations(text)
+    technical_count = _count_technical_terms(tokens, text)
+
+    # Calculate ratios and densities
+    total_latinate_germanic = latinate_count + germanic_count
+    latinate_ratio = (
+        latinate_count / total_latinate_germanic if total_latinate_germanic > 0 else 0.0
+    )
+
+    nominalization_density = (nominalization_count / word_count) * 100
+    passive_density = (passive_count / word_count) * 100
+    impersonal_density = (impersonal_count / word_count) * 100
+
+    total_pronouns = sum(pronoun_counts.values())
+    first_person_ratio = pronoun_counts["first"] / total_pronouns if total_pronouns > 0 else 0.0
+    second_person_ratio = pronoun_counts["second"] / total_pronouns if total_pronouns > 0 else 0.0
+    third_person_ratio = pronoun_counts["third"] / total_pronouns if total_pronouns > 0 else 0.0
+
+    total_noun_indicators = abstract_count + concrete_count
+    abstract_ratio = abstract_count / total_noun_indicators if total_noun_indicators > 0 else 0.0
+    concrete_ratio = concrete_count / total_noun_indicators if total_noun_indicators > 0 else 0.0
+
+    # Abstractness score: weighted by ratio and density
+    abstractness_score = abstract_ratio * min(1.0, (abstract_count / word_count) * 20)
+
+    technical_density = (technical_count / word_count) * 100
+    # Jargon density approximated by academic + legal markers
+    jargon_density = ((register_markers["academic"] + register_markers["legal"]) / word_count) * 100
+
+    narrative_density = (narrative_count / word_count) * 100
+    expository_density = (expository_count / word_count) * 100
+    narrative_expository_ratio = (
+        narrative_density / expository_density if expository_density > 0 else 0.0
+    )
+
+    quotation_density = (quotation_count / word_count) * 100
+
+    # Calculate formality score
+    formality_score = _calculate_formality_score(
+        latinate_ratio=latinate_ratio,
+        nominalization_density=nominalization_density,
+        passive_density=passive_density,
+        first_person_ratio=first_person_ratio,
+        conversational_count=register_markers["conversational"],
+        word_count=word_count,
+    )
+
+    # Build features dict for genre scoring
+    features: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "word_count": word_count,
+        "latinate_ratio": latinate_ratio,
+        "nominalization_density": nominalization_density,
+        "passive_density": passive_density,
+        "formality_score": formality_score,
+        "first_person_ratio": first_person_ratio,
+        "second_person_ratio": second_person_ratio,
+        "third_person_ratio": third_person_ratio,
+        "impersonal_density": impersonal_density,
+        "abstract_ratio": abstract_ratio,
+        "concrete_ratio": concrete_ratio,
+        "narrative_density": narrative_density,
+        "expository_density": expository_density,
+        "narrative_expository_ratio": narrative_expository_ratio,
+        "dialogue_ratio": dialogue_ratio,
+        "quotation_density": quotation_density,
+        "legal_markers": register_markers["legal"],
+        "academic_markers": register_markers["academic"],
+        "journalistic_markers": register_markers["journalistic"],
+        "conversational_markers": register_markers["conversational"],
+        "legal_marker_count": register_markers["legal"],
+    }
+
+    # Classify register
+    register_classification = _classify_register(formality_score, features)
+
+    # Calculate genre scores
+    genre_scores = _calculate_genre_scores(features)
+    predicted_genre, genre_confidence = _predict_genre(genre_scores)
+
+    computation_time = time.time() - start_time
+
+    return GenreRegisterResult(
+        formality_score=formality_score,
+        latinate_ratio=latinate_ratio,
+        nominalization_density=nominalization_density,
+        passive_voice_density=passive_density,
+        first_person_ratio=first_person_ratio,
+        second_person_ratio=second_person_ratio,
+        third_person_ratio=third_person_ratio,
+        impersonal_construction_density=impersonal_density,
+        abstract_noun_ratio=abstract_ratio,
+        concrete_noun_ratio=concrete_ratio,
+        abstractness_score=abstractness_score,
+        technical_term_density=technical_density,
+        jargon_density=jargon_density,
+        narrative_marker_density=narrative_density,
+        expository_marker_density=expository_density,
+        narrative_expository_ratio=narrative_expository_ratio,
+        dialogue_ratio=dialogue_ratio,
+        quotation_density=quotation_density,
+        register_classification=register_classification,
+        predicted_genre=predicted_genre,
+        genre_confidence=genre_confidence,
+        academic_score=genre_scores["academic"],
+        journalistic_score=genre_scores["journalistic"],
+        fiction_score=genre_scores["fiction"],
+        legal_score=genre_scores["legal"],
+        conversational_score=genre_scores["conversational"],
+        metadata={
+            "word_count": word_count,
+            "latinate_word_count": latinate_count,
+            "germanic_word_count": germanic_count,
+            "nominalization_count": nominalization_count,
+            "passive_voice_count": passive_count,
+            "abstract_noun_count": abstract_count,
+            "concrete_noun_count": concrete_count,
+            "pronoun_counts": pronoun_counts,
+            "impersonal_count": impersonal_count,
+            "narrative_marker_count": narrative_count,
+            "expository_marker_count": expository_count,
+            "register_marker_counts": register_markers,
+            "technical_term_count": technical_count,
+            "quotation_count": quotation_count,
+            "computation_time": computation_time,
+        },
     )