pypromice 1.3.6__py3-none-any.whl → 1.4.0__py3-none-any.whl

pypromice/process/L2toL3.py

@@ -2,135 +2,1051 @@
 """
 AWS Level 2 (L2) to Level 3 (L3) data processing
 """
+import pandas as pd
 import numpy as np
 import xarray as xr
+from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
+from pypromice.qc.github_data_issues import adjustData
+from scipy.interpolate import interp1d
+from pathlib import Path
+import logging
 
-def toL3(L2, T_0=273.15, z_0=0.001, R_d=287.05, eps=0.622, es_0=6.1071, 
-         es_100=1013.246):
-    '''Process one Level 2 (L2) product to Level 3 (L3) 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+def toL3(L2, 
+         data_adjustments_dir: Path,
+         station_config={},
+         T_0=273.15):
+    '''Process one Level 2 (L2) product to Level 3 (L3) meaning calculating all
+    derived variables:
+        - Turbulent fluxes
+        - smoothed and inter/extrapolated GPS coordinates
+        - continuous surface height, ice surface height, snow height
+        - thermistor depths
+        
     
     Parameters
     ----------
     L2 : xarray:Dataset
         L2 AWS data
+    station_config : Dict
+        Dictionary containing the information necessary for the processing of 
+        L3 variables (relocation dates for coordinates processing, or thermistor
+        string maintenance date for the thermistors depth)
     T_0 : int 
-        Steam point temperature. Default is 273.15.
-    z_0 : int
-        Aerodynamic surface roughness length for momention, assumed constant 
-        for all ice/snow surfaces. Default is 0.001.
-    R_d : int 
-        Gas constant of dry air. Default is 287.05.
-    eps : int 
-        Default is 0.622.
-    es_0 : int 
-        Saturation vapour pressure at the melting point (hPa). Default is 6.1071.
-    es_100 : int
-        Saturation vapour pressure at steam point temperature (hPa). Default is 
-        1013.246.
+        Freezing point temperature. Default is 273.15.
     '''
     ds = L2
+    ds.attrs['level'] = 'L3'
 
-    T_100 = _getTempK(T_0)                                                     # Get steam point temperature as K 
+    T_100 = T_0+100                                                            # Get steam point temperature as K 
     
-    ds['wdir_u'] = ds['wdir_u'].where(ds['wspd_u'] != 0)                       # Get directional wind speed                    
-    ds['wspd_x_u'], ds['wspd_y_u'] = calcDirWindSpeeds(ds['wspd_u'], ds['wdir_u']) 
-
-    # Upper boom bulk calculation
-    T_h_u = ds['t_u'].copy()                                                   # Copy for processing
-    p_h_u = ds['p_u'].copy()
-    WS_h_u = ds['wspd_u'].copy()
-    RH_cor_h_u = ds['rh_u_cor'].copy()
-    Tsurf_h = ds['t_surf'].copy()                                              # T surf from derived upper boom product. TODO is this okay to use with lower boom parameters?
-    z_WS_u = ds['z_boom_u'].copy() + 0.4                                       # Get height of Anemometer                
-    z_T_u = ds['z_boom_u'].copy() - 0.1                                        # Get height of thermometer  
+    # Turbulent heat flux calculation
+    if ('t_u' in ds.keys()) and \
+        ('p_u' in ds.keys()) and \
+            ('rh_u_cor' in ds.keys()):
+        # Upper boom bulk calculation
+        T_h_u = ds['t_u'].copy()                                                   # Copy for processing
+        p_h_u = ds['p_u'].copy()
+        RH_cor_h_u = ds['rh_u_cor'].copy()
+            
+        q_h_u = calculate_specific_humidity(T_0, T_100, T_h_u, p_h_u, RH_cor_h_u)                  # Calculate specific humidity
+        if ('wspd_u' in ds.keys()) and \
+            ('t_surf' in ds.keys()) and \
+                ('z_boom_u' in ds.keys()):
+            WS_h_u = ds['wspd_u'].copy()
+            Tsurf_h = ds['t_surf'].copy()                                              # T surf from derived upper boom product. TODO is this okay to use with lower boom parameters?
+            z_WS_u = ds['z_boom_u'].copy() + 0.4                                       # Get height of Anemometer                
+            z_T_u = ds['z_boom_u'].copy() - 0.1                                        # Get height of thermometer  
+            
+            if not ds.attrs['bedrock']:       
+                SHF_h_u, LHF_h_u= calculate_tubulent_heat_fluxes(T_0, T_h_u, Tsurf_h, WS_h_u,            # Calculate latent and sensible heat fluxes
+                                                z_WS_u, z_T_u, q_h_u, p_h_u)     
         
-    rho_atm_u = 100 * p_h_u / R_d / (T_h_u + T_0)                              # Calculate atmospheric density                                  
-    nu_u = calcVisc(T_h_u, T_0, rho_atm_u)                                     # Calculate kinematic viscosity  
-    q_h_u = calcHumid(T_0, T_100, T_h_u, es_0, es_100, eps,                    # Calculate specific humidity
-                       p_h_u, RH_cor_h_u)   
-    if not ds.attrs['bedrock']:       
-        SHF_h_u, LHF_h_u= calcHeatFlux(T_0, T_h_u, Tsurf_h, rho_atm_u, WS_h_u,     # Calculate latent and sensible heat fluxes
-                                        z_WS_u, z_T_u, nu_u, q_h_u, p_h_u)     
-        SHF_h_u, LHF_h_u = cleanHeatFlux(SHF_h_u, LHF_h_u, T_h_u, Tsurf_h, p_h_u,  # Clean heat flux values
-                                          WS_h_u, RH_cor_h_u, ds['z_boom_u'])
-        ds['dshf_u'] = (('time'), SHF_h_u.data)
-        ds['dlhf_u'] = (('time'), LHF_h_u.data)
-    q_h_u = 1000 * q_h_u                                                       # Convert sp.humid from kg/kg to g/kg
-    q_h_u = cleanSpHumid(q_h_u, T_h_u, Tsurf_h, p_h_u, RH_cor_h_u)             # Clean sp.humid values    
-    ds['qh_u'] = (('time'), q_h_u.data)    
+                ds['dshf_u'] = (('time'), SHF_h_u.data)
+                ds['dlhf_u'] = (('time'), LHF_h_u.data)
+        else:
+            logger.info('wspd_u, t_surf or z_boom_u missing, cannot calulate tubrulent heat fluxes')
+
+        q_h_u = 1000 * q_h_u                                                       # Convert sp.humid from kg/kg to g/kg
+        ds['qh_u'] = (('time'), q_h_u.data)
+    else:
+        logger.info('t_u, p_u or rh_u_cor missing, cannot calulate tubrulent heat fluxes')
 
     # Lower boom bulk calculation
-    if ds.attrs['number_of_booms']==2:                                         
-        # ds['wdir_l'] = _calcWindDir(ds['wspd_x_l'], ds['wspd_y_l'])          # Calculatate wind direction
-
-        T_h_l = ds['t_l'].copy()                                               # Copy for processing
-        p_h_l = ds['p_l'].copy()
-        WS_h_l = ds['wspd_l'].copy()                                      
-        RH_cor_h_l = ds['rh_l_cor'].copy()
-        z_WS_l = ds['z_boom_l'].copy() + 0.4                                   # Get height of W                  
-        z_T_l = ds['z_boom_l'].copy() - 0.1                                    # Get height of thermometer 
-           
-        rho_atm_l = 100 * p_h_l / R_d / (T_h_l + T_0)                          # Calculate atmospheric density                                  
-        nu_l = calcVisc(T_h_l, T_0, rho_atm_l)                                 # Calculate kinematic viscosity  
-        q_h_l = calcHumid(T_0, T_100, T_h_l, es_0, es_100, eps,                # Calculate sp.humidity
-                           p_h_l, RH_cor_h_l)
-        if not ds.attrs['bedrock']:       
-            SHF_h_l, LHF_h_l= calcHeatFlux(T_0, T_h_l, Tsurf_h, rho_atm_l, WS_h_l, # Calculate latent and sensible heat fluxes 
-                                            z_WS_l, z_T_l, nu_l, q_h_l, p_h_l)        
-            SHF_h_l, LHF_h_l = cleanHeatFlux(SHF_h_l, LHF_h_l, T_h_l, Tsurf_h, p_h_l, # Clean heat flux values
-                                              WS_h_l, RH_cor_h_l, ds['z_boom_l'])
-            ds['dshf_l'] = (('time'), SHF_h_l.data)
-            ds['dlhf_l'] = (('time'), LHF_h_l.data)
-        q_h_l = 1000 * q_h_l                                                   # Convert sp.humid from kg/kg to g/kg
-        q_h_l = cleanSpHumid(q_h_l, T_h_l, Tsurf_h, p_h_l, RH_cor_h_l)         # Clean sp.humid values
-        ds['qh_l'] = (('time'), q_h_l.data)    
-
-        ds['wdir_l'] = ds['wdir_l'].where(ds['wspd_l'] != 0)                   # Get directional wind speed    
-        ds['wspd_x_l'], ds['wspd_y_l'] = calcDirWindSpeeds(ds['wspd_l'], ds['wdir_l'])
-     
-    if hasattr(ds, 'wdir_i'):    
-        if ~ds['wdir_i'].isnull().all() and ~ds['wspd_i'].isnull().all():      # Instantaneous msg processing
-            ds['wdir_i'] = ds['wdir_i'].where(ds['wspd_i'] != 0)               # Get directional wind speed                    
-            ds['wspd_x_i'], ds['wspd_y_i'] = calcDirWindSpeeds(ds['wspd_i'], ds['wdir_i'])   
+    if ds.attrs['number_of_booms']==2:
+        if ('t_l' in ds.keys()) and \
+            ('p_l' in ds.keys()) and \
+                ('rh_l_cor' in ds.keys()):
+            T_h_l = ds['t_l'].copy()                                               # Copy for processing
+            p_h_l = ds['p_l'].copy()                                    
+            RH_cor_h_l = ds['rh_l_cor'].copy()
+
+            q_h_l = calculate_specific_humidity(T_0, T_100, T_h_l, p_h_l, RH_cor_h_l)              # Calculate sp.humidity
+
+            if ('wspd_l' in ds.keys()) and \
+                ('t_surf' in ds.keys()) and \
+                    ('z_boom_l' in ds.keys()):
+                z_WS_l = ds['z_boom_l'].copy() + 0.4                                   # Get height of W                  
+                z_T_l = ds['z_boom_l'].copy() - 0.1                                    # Get height of thermometer 
+                WS_h_l = ds['wspd_l'].copy()                                 
+                if not ds.attrs['bedrock']:       
+                    SHF_h_l, LHF_h_l= calculate_tubulent_heat_fluxes(T_0, T_h_l, Tsurf_h, WS_h_l, # Calculate latent and sensible heat fluxes 
+                                                    z_WS_l, z_T_l, q_h_l, p_h_l)        
+        
+                    ds['dshf_l'] = (('time'), SHF_h_l.data)
+                    ds['dlhf_l'] = (('time'), LHF_h_l.data)
+            else:
+                logger.info('wspd_l, t_surf or z_boom_l missing, cannot calulate tubrulent heat fluxes')
+    
+            q_h_l = 1000 * q_h_l                                                       # Convert sp.humid from kg/kg to g/kg
+            ds['qh_l'] = (('time'), q_h_l.data)
+        else:
+            logger.info('t_l, p_l or rh_l_cor missing, cannot calulate tubrulent heat fluxes')
+
+    if len(station_config)==0:
+        logger.warning('\n***\nThe station configuration file is missing or improperly passed to pypromice. Some processing steps might fail.\n***\n')
+    
+    # Smoothing and inter/extrapolation of GPS coordinates       
+    for var in ['gps_lat', 'gps_lon', 'gps_alt']:
+        ds[var.replace('gps_','')] = ('time', gps_coordinate_postprocessing(ds, var, station_config))
+        
+    # processing continuous surface height, ice surface height, snow height
+    try:
+        ds = process_surface_height(ds, data_adjustments_dir, station_config)
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error("Error processing surface height at %s"%L2.attrs['station_id'])
+        logging.error(e, exc_info=True)
+    
+    # making sure dataset has the attributes contained in the config files
+    if 'project' in station_config.keys():
+        ds.attrs['project'] = station_config['project']
+    else:
+        logger.error('No project info in station_config. Using \"PROMICE\".')
+        ds.attrs['project'] = "PROMICE"
+        
+    if 'location_type' in station_config.keys():
+        ds.attrs['location_type'] = station_config['location_type']
+    else:
+        logger.error('No project info in station_config. Using \"ice sheet\".')
+        ds.attrs['location_type'] = "ice sheet"
     
     return ds
 
 
-def calcDirWindSpeeds(wspd, wdir, deg2rad=np.pi/180):
-    '''Calculate directional wind speed from wind speed and direction
-    
+def process_surface_height(ds, data_adjustments_dir, station_config={}):
+    """
+    Process surface height data for different site types and create 
+    surface height variables.
+
     Parameters
     ----------
-    wspd : xr.Dataarray
-        Wind speed data array
-    wdir : xr.Dataarray
-        Wind direction data array
-    deg2rad : float
-        Degree to radians coefficient. The default is np.pi/180
-    
+    ds : xarray.Dataset
+        The dataset containing various measurements and attributes including
+        'site_type' which determines the type of site (e.g., 'ablation', 
+        'accumulation', 'bedrock') and other relevant data variables such as 
+        'z_boom_u', 'z_stake', 'z_pt_cor', etc.
+
     Returns
     -------
-    wspd_x : xr.Dataarray
-        Wind speed in X direction
-    wspd_y : xr.Datarray
-        Wind speed in Y direction
-    '''        
-    wspd_x = wspd * np.sin(wdir * deg2rad)
-    wspd_y = wspd * np.cos(wdir * deg2rad) 
-    return wspd_x, wspd_y
+    xarray.Dataset
+        The dataset with additional processed surface height variables:
+        'z_surf_1', 'z_surf_2', 'z_ice_surf', 'z_surf_combined', 'snow_height',
+        and possibly depth variables derived from temperature measurements.
+    """
+    # Initialize surface height variables with NaNs
+    ds['z_surf_1'] = ('time', ds['z_boom_u'].data * np.nan)
+    ds['z_surf_2'] = ('time', ds['z_boom_u'].data * np.nan)
 
+    if ds.attrs['site_type'] == 'ablation':
+        # Calculate surface heights for ablation sites
+        ds['z_surf_1'] = 2.6 - ds['z_boom_u']
+        if ds.z_stake.notnull().any():
+            first_valid_index = ds.time.where((ds.z_stake + ds.z_boom_u).notnull(), drop=True).data[0]
+            ds['z_surf_2'] = ds.z_surf_1.sel(time=first_valid_index) + ds.z_stake.sel(time=first_valid_index) - ds['z_stake']
+        
+        # Use corrected point data if available
+        if 'z_pt_cor' in ds.data_vars:
+            ds['z_ice_surf'] = ('time', ds['z_pt_cor'].data)
+    
+    else:
+        # Calculate surface heights for other site types
+        first_valid_index = ds.time.where(ds.z_boom_u.notnull(), drop=True).data[0]
+        ds['z_surf_1'] = ds.z_boom_u.sel(time=first_valid_index) - ds['z_boom_u']
+        if 'z_stake' in ds.data_vars and ds.z_stake.notnull().any():
+            first_valid_index = ds.time.where(ds.z_stake.notnull(), drop=True).data[0]
+            ds['z_surf_2'] = ds.z_stake.sel(time=first_valid_index) - ds['z_stake'] 
+        if 'z_boom_l' in ds.data_vars:
+            # need a combine first because KAN_U switches from having a z_stake
+            # to having a z_boom_l
+            first_valid_index = ds.time.where(ds.z_boom_l.notnull(), drop=True).data[0]
+            ds['z_surf_2'] = ds['z_surf_2'].combine_first(
+                ds.z_boom_l.sel(time=first_valid_index) - ds['z_boom_l'])
+
+    # Adjust data for the created surface height variables
+    ds = adjustData(ds, data_adjustments_dir, var_list=['z_surf_1', 'z_surf_2', 'z_ice_surf'])
+
+    # Convert to dataframe and combine surface height variables
+    df_in = ds[[v for v in ['z_surf_1', 'z_surf_2', 'z_ice_surf'] if v in ds.data_vars]].to_dataframe()
+
+    (ds['z_surf_combined'], ds['z_ice_surf'],
+     ds['z_surf_1_adj'], ds['z_surf_2_adj']) = combine_surface_height(df_in, ds.attrs['site_type'])
+        
+
+    if ds.attrs['site_type'] == 'ablation':
+        # Calculate rolling minimum for ice surface height and snow height
+        ts_interpolated = np.minimum(
+            xr.where(ds.z_ice_surf.notnull(),
+                     ds.z_ice_surf,ds.z_surf_combined),
+            ds.z_surf_combined).to_series().resample('h').interpolate(limit=72)
+
+        if len(ts_interpolated)>24*7:
+            # Apply the rolling window with median calculation
+            z_ice_surf = (ts_interpolated
+                          .rolling('14D', center=True, min_periods=1)
+                          .median())
+            # Overprint the first and last 7 days with interpolated values
+            # because of edge effect of rolling windows
+            z_ice_surf.iloc[:24*7] = (ts_interpolated.iloc[:24*7]
+                                      .rolling('1D', center=True, min_periods=1)
+                                      .median().values)
+            z_ice_surf.iloc[-24*7:] = (ts_interpolated.iloc[-24*7:]
+                                       .rolling('1D', center=True, min_periods=1)
+                                       .median().values)
+        else:
+            z_ice_surf = (ts_interpolated
+                                       .rolling('1D', center=True, min_periods=1)
+                                       .median())
+            
+        z_ice_surf = z_ice_surf.loc[ds.time]
+        # here we make sure that the periods where both z_stake and z_pt are
+        # missing are also missing in z_ice_surf
+        msk = ds['z_ice_surf'].notnull() | ds['z_surf_2_adj'].notnull()
+        z_ice_surf = z_ice_surf.where(msk)    
+               
+        # taking running minimum to get ice
+        z_ice_surf = z_ice_surf.cummin()
+
+        # filling gaps only if they are less than a year long and if values on both
+        # sides are less than 0.01 m appart
+        
+        # Forward and backward fill to identify bounds of gaps
+        df_filled = z_ice_surf.fillna(method='ffill').fillna(method='bfill')
+        
+        # Identify gaps and their start and end dates
+        gaps = pd.DataFrame(index=z_ice_surf[z_ice_surf.isna()].index)
+        gaps['prev_value'] = df_filled.shift(1)
+        gaps['next_value'] = df_filled.shift(-1)
+        gaps['gap_start'] = gaps.index.to_series().shift(1)
+        gaps['gap_end'] = gaps.index.to_series().shift(-1)
+        gaps['gap_duration'] = (gaps['gap_end'] - gaps['gap_start']).dt.days
+        gaps['value_diff'] = (gaps['next_value'] - gaps['prev_value']).abs()
+        
+        # Determine which gaps to fill
+        mask = (gaps['gap_duration'] < 365) & (gaps['value_diff'] < 0.01)
+        gaps_to_fill = gaps[mask].index
+        
+        # Fill gaps in the original Series
+        z_ice_surf.loc[gaps_to_fill] = df_filled.loc[gaps_to_fill]
+        
+        # bringing the variable into the dataset
+        ds['z_ice_surf'] = z_ice_surf
+        
+        ds['z_surf_combined'] = np.maximum(ds['z_surf_combined'], ds['z_ice_surf'])
+        ds['snow_height'] = np.maximum(0, ds['z_surf_combined'] - ds['z_ice_surf'])
+    elif ds.attrs['site_type'] in ['accumulation', 'bedrock']:
+        # Handle accumulation and bedrock site types
+        ds['z_ice_surf'] = ('time', ds['z_surf_1'].data * np.nan)
+        ds['snow_height'] = ds['z_surf_combined']
+    else:
+        # Log info for other site types
+        logger.info('other site type')
+
+    if ds.attrs['site_type'] != 'bedrock':
+        # Process ice temperature data and create depth variables
+        ice_temp_vars = [v for v in ds.data_vars if 't_i_' in v]
+        vars_out = [v.replace('t', 'd_t') for v in ice_temp_vars]
+        vars_out.append('t_i_10m')
+        df_out = get_thermistor_depth(
+            ds[ice_temp_vars + ['z_surf_combined']].to_dataframe(),
+            ds.attrs['station_id'],
+            station_config)
+        for var in df_out.columns:
+            ds[var] = ('time', df_out[var].values)
+    
+    return ds
+
+def combine_surface_height(df, site_type, threshold_ablation = -0.0002):
+    '''Combines the data from three sensor: the two sonic rangers and the
+    pressure transducer, to recreate the surface height, the ice surface height
+    and the snow depth through the years. For the accumulation sites, it is
+    only the average of the two sonic rangers (after manual adjustments to 
+    correct maintenance shifts). For the ablation sites, first an ablation 
+    period is estimated each year (either the period when z_pt_cor decreases
+    or JJA if no better estimate) then different adjustmnents are conducted 
+    to stitch the three time series together: z_ice_surface (adjusted from
+    z_pt_cor) or if unvailable, z_surf_2 (adjusted from z_stake)
+    are used in the ablation period while an average of z_surf_1 and z_surf_2
+    are used otherwise, after they are being adjusted to z_ice_surf at the end 
+    of the ablation season.
+    
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    df : pandas.dataframe
+        Dataframe with datetime index and variables z_surf_1, z_surf_2 and z_ice_surf
+    site_type : str 
+        Either 'accumulation' or 'ablation'
+    threshold_ablation : float
+        Threshold to which a z_pt_cor hourly decrease is compared. If the decrease
+        is higher, then there is ablation.
+    '''
+    logger.info('Combining surface height')
+    
+    if 'z_surf_2' not in df.columns:
+        logger.info('-> did not find z_surf_2')
+        df["z_surf_2"] = df["z_surf_1"].values*np.nan
+    
+    if 'z_ice_surf' not in df.columns:
+        logger.info('-> did not find z_ice_surf')
+        df["z_ice_surf"] = df["z_surf_1"].values*np.nan
+    
+    if site_type in ['accumulation', 'bedrock']:
+        logger.info('-> no z_pt or accumulation site: averaging z_surf_1 and z_surf_2')
+        df["z_surf_1_adj"] = hampel(df["z_surf_1"].interpolate(limit=72)).values
+        df["z_surf_2_adj"] = hampel(df["z_surf_2"].interpolate(limit=72)).values
+        # adjusting z_surf_2 to z_surf_1
+        df["z_surf_2_adj"]  = df["z_surf_2_adj"]  + (df["z_surf_1_adj"]- df["z_surf_2_adj"]).mean()
+        # z_surf_combined is the average of the two z_surf
+        if df.z_surf_1_adj.notnull().any() & df.z_surf_2_adj.notnull().any():
+            df['z_surf_combined'] = df[['z_surf_1_adj', 'z_surf_2_adj']].mean(axis = 1).values
+        elif df.z_surf_1_adj.notnull().any():
+            df['z_surf_combined'] = df.z_surf_1_adj.values
+        elif df.z_surf_2_adj.notnull().any():
+            df['z_surf_combined'] = df.z_surf_2_adj.values
 
-def calcHeatFlux(T_0, T_h, Tsurf_h, rho_atm, WS_h, z_WS, z_T, nu, q_h, p_h, 
+        # df["z_surf_combined"] = hampel(df["z_surf_combined"].interpolate(limit=72)).values
+        return (df['z_surf_combined'], df["z_surf_combined"]*np.nan, 
+                    df["z_surf_1_adj"], df["z_surf_2_adj"])
+
+    else:
+        logger.info('-> ablation site')
+        # smoothing and filtering pressure transducer data
+        df["z_ice_surf_adj"] = hampel(df["z_ice_surf"].interpolate(limit=72)).values
+        df["z_surf_1_adj"] = hampel(df["z_surf_1"].interpolate(limit=72)).values
+        df["z_surf_2_adj"] = hampel(df["z_surf_2"].interpolate(limit=72)).values
+
+        df["z_surf_1_adj"] = hampel(df["z_surf_1"].interpolate(limit=72), k=24, t0=5).values
+        df["z_surf_2_adj"] = hampel(df["z_surf_2"].interpolate(limit=72), k=24, t0=5).values
+
+        # defining ice ablation period from the decrease of a smoothed version of z_pt
+        # meaning when smoothed_z_pt.diff() < threshold_ablation 
+        # first smoothing
+        smoothed_PT =  (df['z_ice_surf']
+                        .resample('h')
+                        .interpolate(limit=72)
+                        .rolling('14D',center=True, min_periods=1)
+                        .mean())
+        # second smoothing
+        smoothed_PT = smoothed_PT.rolling('14D', center=True, min_periods=1).mean()
+
+        smoothed_PT = smoothed_PT.reindex(df.index,method='ffill')
+        # smoothed_PT.loc[df.z_ice_surf.isnull()] = np.nan
+
+        # logical index where ablation is detected
+        ind_ablation = np.logical_and(smoothed_PT.diff().values < threshold_ablation, 
+                                      np.isin(smoothed_PT.diff().index.month, [6, 7, 8, 9]))
+
+
+        # finding the beginning and end of each period with True
+        idx = np.argwhere(np.diff(np.r_[False,ind_ablation, False])).reshape(-1, 2)
+        idx[:, 1] -= 1
+            
+        # fill small gaps in the ice ablation periods.
+        for i in range(len(idx)-1):
+            ind = idx[i]
+            ind_next = idx[i+1]
+            # if the end of an ablation period is less than 60 days away from
+            # the next ablation, then it is still considered like the same ablation
+            # season
+            if df.index[ind_next[0]]-df.index[ind[1]]<pd.to_timedelta('60 days'):
+                ind_ablation[ind[1]:ind_next[0]]=True
+        
+        # finding the beginning and end of each period with True
+        idx = np.argwhere(np.diff(np.r_[False,ind_ablation, False])).reshape(-1, 2)
+        idx[:, 1] -= 1
+        
+        # because the smooth_PT sees 7 days ahead, it starts showing a decline 
+        # 7 days in advance, we therefore need to exclude the first 7 days of 
+        # each ablation period
+        for start, end in idx:
+            period_start = df.index[start]
+            period_end = period_start + pd.Timedelta(days=7)
+            exclusion_period = (df.index >= period_start) & (df.index < period_end)
+            ind_ablation[exclusion_period] = False
+            
+        hs1=df["z_surf_1_adj"].interpolate(limit=24*2).copy()
+        hs2=df["z_surf_2_adj"].interpolate(limit=24*2).copy()
+        z=df["z_ice_surf_adj"].interpolate(limit=24*2).copy()
+
+        # the surface heights are adjusted so that they start at 0
+
+
+        if any(~np.isnan(hs2.iloc[:24*7])):
+            hs2 = hs2 - hs2.iloc[:24*7].mean()
+
+        if any(~np.isnan(hs2.iloc[:24*7])) & any(~np.isnan(hs1.iloc[:24*7])):
+            hs2 = hs2 + hs1.iloc[:24*7].mean() - hs2.iloc[:24*7].mean()
+            
+        if any(~np.isnan(z.iloc[:24*7])):
+            # expressing ice surface height relative to its mean value in the 
+            # first week of the record
+            z = z - z.iloc[:24*7].mean()
+        elif z.notnull().any():
+            # if there is no data in the first week but that there are some
+            # PT data afterwards
+            if ((z.first_valid_index() - hs1.first_valid_index()) < pd.to_timedelta('251D')) &\
+              ((z.first_valid_index() - hs1.first_valid_index()) > pd.to_timedelta('0H')):
+                # if the pressure transducer is installed the year after then
+                # we use the mean surface height 1 on its first week as a 0
+                # for the ice height
+                z = z - z.loc[
+                    z.first_valid_index():(z.first_valid_index()+pd.to_timedelta('14D'))
+                    ].mean() + hs1.iloc[:24*7].mean()
+            else:
+                # if there is more than a year (actually 251 days) between the 
+                # initiation of the AWS and the installation of the pressure transducer
+                # we remove the intercept in the pressure transducer data.
+                # Removing the intercept 
+                # means that we consider the ice surface height at 0 when the AWS
+                # is installed, and not when the pressure transducer is installed.
+                Y = z.iloc[:].values.reshape(-1, 1)
+                X = z.iloc[~np.isnan(Y)].index.astype(np.int64).values.reshape(-1, 1) 
+                Y = Y[~np.isnan(Y)] 
+                linear_regressor = LinearRegression()  
+                linear_regressor.fit(X, Y)
+                Y_pred = linear_regressor.predict(z.index.astype(np.int64).values.reshape(-1, 1) )
+                z = z-Y_pred[0]
+
+        years = df.index.year.unique().values
+        ind_start = years.copy()
+        ind_end =  years.copy()
+        logger.debug('-> estimating ablation period for each year')
+        for i, y in enumerate(years):
+            # for each year
+            ind_yr = df.index.year.values==y
+            ind_abl_yr = np.logical_and(ind_yr, ind_ablation)
+
+            if df.loc[
+                    np.logical_and(ind_yr, df.index.month.isin([6,7,8])),
+                    "z_ice_surf_adj"].isnull().all():
+
+                ind_abl_yr = np.logical_and(ind_yr, df.index.month.isin([6,7,8]))
+                ind_ablation[ind_yr] = ind_abl_yr[ind_yr]
+                logger.debug(str(y)+' no z_ice_surf, just using JJA')
+                
+            else:
+                logger.debug(str(y)+ ' derived from z_ice_surf')
+
+            if np.any(ind_abl_yr):
+                # if there are some ablation flagged for that year
+                # then find begining and end
+                ind_start[i] = np.argwhere(ind_abl_yr)[0][0]
+                ind_end[i] = np.argwhere(ind_abl_yr)[-1][0]
+
+            else:
+                logger.debug(str(y) + ' could not estimate ablation season')
+                # otherwise left as nan
+                ind_start[i] = -999
+                ind_end[i] = -999
+
+        # adjustement loop
+        missing_hs2 = 0 # if hs2 is missing then when it comes back it is adjusted to hs1
+        hs2_ref = 0 # by default, the PT is the reference: hs1 and 2 will be adjusted to PT
+        # but if it is missing one year or one winter, then it needs to be rajusted
+        # to hs1 and hs2 the year after.
+
+        for i, y in enumerate(years):
+            # if y == 2014:
+            #     import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+            logger.debug(str(y))
+            # defining subsets of hs1, hs2, z
+            hs1_jja =  hs1[str(y)+'-06-01':str(y)+'-09-01']
+            hs2_jja =  hs2[str(y)+'-06-01':str(y)+'-09-01']
+            z_jja =  z[str(y)+'-06-01':str(y)+'-09-01']
+
+            z_ablation = z.iloc[ind_start[i]:ind_end[i]]
+            hs2_ablation = hs2.iloc[ind_start[i]:ind_end[i]]
+
+            hs1_year = hs1[str(y)]
+            hs2_year = hs2[str(y)]
+
+            hs2_winter = hs2[str(y)+'-01-01':str(y)+'-03-01'].copy()
+            z_winter = z[str(y)+'-01-01':str(y)+'-03-01'].copy()
+
+            z_year = z[str(y)]
+            if hs1_jja.isnull().all() and hs2_jja.isnull().all() and z_jja.isnull().all():
+                    # if there is no height for a year between June and September
+                    # then the adjustment cannot be made automatically
+                    # it needs to be specified manually on the adjustment files
+                    # on https://github.com/GEUS-Glaciology-and-Climate/PROMICE-AWS-data-issues
+                    continue
+
+            if all(np.isnan(z_jja)) and any(~np.isnan(hs2_jja)):
+                # if there is no PT for a given year, but there is some hs2
+                # then z will be adjusted to hs2 next time it is available       
+                hs2_ref = 1
+
+            if all(np.isnan(z_winter)) and all(np.isnan(hs2_winter)):
+                # if there is no PT nor hs2 during the winter, then again
+                # we need to adjust z to match hs2 when ablation starts
+                hs2_ref = 1
+
+            # adjustment at the start of the ablation season
+            if hs2_ref:
+                # if hs2 has been taken as reference in the previous years
+                # then we check if pressure transducer is reinstalled and needs
+                # to be adjusted
+                if ind_start[i] != -999:
+                    # the first year there is both ablation and PT data available
+                    # then PT is adjusted to hs2
+                    if any(~np.isnan(z_ablation)) and any(~np.isnan(hs2_ablation)):
+                        tmp1 = z_ablation.copy()
+                        tmp2 = hs2_ablation.copy()
+                        # tmp1[np.isnan(tmp2)] = np.nan
+                        # tmp2[np.isnan(tmp1)] = np.nan
+
+                        # in some instances, the PT data is available but no ablation
+                        # is recorded, then hs2 remains the reference during that time.
+                        # When eventually there is ablation, then we need to find the 
+                        # first index in these preceding ablation-free years
+                        # the shift will be applied back from this point
+                        # first_index = z[:z[str(y)].first_valid_index()].isnull().iloc[::-1].idxmax()
+                        # z[first_index:] = z[first_index:] -  np.nanmean(tmp1)  +  np.nanmean(tmp2)
+                        # hs2_ref = 0 # from now on PT is the reference
+
+                        # in some other instance, z just need to be adjusted to hs2
+                        # first_index = z[str(y)].first_valid_index()
+                        first_index = z.iloc[ind_start[i]:].first_valid_index() # of ablation
+                        if np.isnan(hs2[first_index]):
+                            first_index_2 = hs2.iloc[ind_start[i]:].first_valid_index()
+                            if (first_index_2 - first_index)>pd.Timedelta('30d'):
+                                logger.debug('adjusting z to hs1')
+                                if np.isnan(hs1[first_index]):
+                                    first_index = hs1.iloc[ind_start[i]:].first_valid_index()
+                                z[first_index:] = z[first_index:] -  z[first_index]   +  hs1[first_index]
+                            else:
+                                logger.debug('adjusting z to hs1')
+                                first_index = hs2.iloc[ind_start[i]:].first_valid_index()
+                                z[first_index:] = z[first_index:] -  z[first_index]   +  hs2[first_index] 
+                        else:
+                            logger.debug('adjusting z to hs1')                            
+                            z[first_index:] = z[first_index:] -  z[first_index]   +  hs2[first_index] 
+                        hs2_ref = 0 # from now on PT is the reference
+                        
+                        
+            else:
+                # if z_pt is the reference and there is some ablation
+                # then hs1 and hs2 are adjusted to z_pt
+                if (ind_start[i] != -999) & z_year.notnull().any():
+                    # calculating first index with PT, hs1 and hs2
+                    first_index = z_year.first_valid_index()
+                    if hs1_year.notnull().any():
+                        first_index = np.max(np.array(
+                            [first_index,
+                             hs1_year.first_valid_index()]))
+                    if hs2_year.notnull().any():
+                        first_index = np.max(np.array(
+                            [first_index,
+                             hs2_year.first_valid_index()]))
+
+                    # if PT, hs1 and hs2 are all nan until station is reactivated, then 
+                    first_day_of_year = pd.to_datetime(str(y)+'-01-01')
+
+                    if len(z[first_day_of_year:first_index-pd.to_timedelta('1D')])>0:
+                        if z[first_day_of_year:first_index-pd.to_timedelta('1D')].isnull().all() & \
+                            hs1[first_day_of_year:first_index-pd.to_timedelta('1D')].isnull().all() & \
+                                hs2[first_day_of_year:first_index-pd.to_timedelta('1D')].isnull().all():
+                                if (~np.isnan(np.nanmean(z[first_index:first_index+pd.to_timedelta('1D')])) \
+                                    and ~np.isnan(np.nanmean(hs2[first_index:first_index+pd.to_timedelta('1D')]))):    
+                                    logger.debug(' ======= adjusting hs1 and hs2 to z_pt')      
+                                    if ~np.isnan(np.nanmean(hs1[first_index:first_index+pd.to_timedelta('1D')]) ):
+                                        hs1[first_index:] = hs1[first_index:] \
+                                            -  np.nanmean(hs1[first_index:first_index+pd.to_timedelta('1D')])  \
+                                                +  np.nanmean(z[first_index:first_index+pd.to_timedelta('1D')])
+                                    if ~np.isnan(np.nanmean(hs2[first_index:first_index+pd.to_timedelta('1D')]) ):
+                                        hs2[first_index:] = hs2[first_index:] \
+                                            -  np.nanmean(hs2[first_index:first_index+pd.to_timedelta('1D')])  \
+                                                +  np.nanmean(z[first_index:first_index+pd.to_timedelta('1D')])
+
+            # adjustment taking place at the end of the ablation period
+            if (ind_end[i] != -999): 
+                # if y == 2023:
+                #     import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+                # if there's ablation and
+                # if there are PT data available at the end of the melt season
+                if z.iloc[(ind_end[i]-24*7):(ind_end[i]+24*7)].notnull().any():
+                    logger.debug('adjusting hs2 to z')
+                    # then we adjust hs2 to the end-of-ablation z    
+                    # first trying at the end of melt season
+                    if ~np.isnan(np.nanmean(hs2.iloc[(ind_end[i]-24*7):(ind_end[i]+24*30)])): 
+                        logger.debug('using end of melt season')
+                        hs2.iloc[ind_end[i]:] = hs2.iloc[ind_end[i]:] - \
+                            np.nanmean(hs2.iloc[(ind_end[i]-24*7):(ind_end[i]+24*30)])  + \
+                                np.nanmean(z.iloc[(ind_end[i]-24*7):(ind_end[i]+24*30)])
+                    # if not possible, then trying the end of the following accumulation season
+                    elif (i+1 < len(ind_start)):
+                        if ind_start[i+1]!=-999 and any(~np.isnan(hs2.iloc[(ind_start[i+1]-24*7):(ind_start[i+1]+24*7)]+ z.iloc[(ind_start[i+1]-24*7):(ind_start[i+1]+24*7)])): 
+                            logger.debug('using end of accumulation season')
+                            hs2.iloc[ind_end[i]:] = hs2.iloc[ind_end[i]:] - \
+                                np.nanmean(hs2.iloc[(ind_start[i+1]-24*7):(ind_start[i+1]+24*7)])  + \
+                                    np.nanmean(z.iloc[(ind_start[i+1]-24*7):(ind_start[i+1]+24*7)])
+            else:
+                logger.debug('no ablation')
+                hs1_following_winter = hs1[str(y)+'-09-01':str(y+1)+'-03-01'].copy()
+                hs2_following_winter = hs2[str(y)+'-09-01':str(y+1)+'-03-01'].copy()
+                if all(np.isnan(hs2_following_winter)):
+                    logger.debug('no hs2')
+                    missing_hs2 = 1
+                elif missing_hs2 == 1:
+                    logger.debug('adjusting hs2')
+                    # and if there are some hs2 during the accumulation period
+                    if any(~np.isnan(hs1_following_winter)):
+                        logger.debug('to hs1')
+                        # then we adjust hs1 to hs2 during the accumulation area
+                        # adjustment is done so that the mean hs1 and mean hs2 match 
+                        # for the period when both are available
+                        hs2_following_winter[np.isnan(hs1_following_winter)] = np.nan
+                        hs1_following_winter[np.isnan(hs2_following_winter)] = np.nan
+
+                        hs2[str(y)+'-01-01':] = hs2[str(y)+'-01-01':] \
+                            -  np.nanmean(hs2_following_winter)  +  np.nanmean(hs1_following_winter)
+                        missing_hs2 = 0
+
+
+                hs1_following_winter = hs1[str(y)+'-09-01':str(y+1)+'-03-01'].copy()
+                hs2_following_winter = hs2[str(y)+'-09-01':str(y+1)+'-03-01'].copy()
+                # adjusting hs1 to hs2 (no ablation case)
+                if any(~np.isnan(hs1_following_winter)):
+                    logger.debug('adjusting hs1')    
+                    # and if there are some hs2 during the accumulation period
+                    if any(~np.isnan(hs2_following_winter)):
+                        logger.debug('to hs2')
+                        # then we adjust hs1 to hs2 during the accumulation area
+                        # adjustment is done so that the mean hs1 and mean hs2 match 
+                        # for the period when both are available
+                        hs1_following_winter[np.isnan(hs2_following_winter)] = np.nan
+                        hs2_following_winter[np.isnan(hs1_following_winter)] = np.nan
+
+                        hs1[str(y)+'-09-01':] = hs1[str(y)+'-09-01':] \
+                            -  np.nanmean(hs1_following_winter)  +  np.nanmean(hs2_following_winter)
+                        hs1_following_winter = hs1[str(y)+'-09-01':str(y+1)+'-03-01'].copy()
+
+            if ind_end[i] != -999:
+                # if there is some hs1
+                hs1_following_winter = hs1[str(y)+'-09-01':str(y+1)+'-03-01'].copy()
+                hs2_following_winter = hs2[str(y)+'-09-01':str(y+1)+'-03-01'].copy()
+                if any(~np.isnan(hs1_following_winter)):
+                    logger.debug('adjusting hs1')
+                    # and if there are some hs2 during the accumulation period
+                    if any(~np.isnan(hs2_following_winter)):
+                        logger.debug('to hs2, minimizing winter difference')
+                        # then we adjust hs1 to hs2 during the accumulation area
+                        # adjustment is done so that the mean hs1 and mean hs2 match 
+                        # for the period when both are available
+                        tmp1 = hs1.iloc[ind_end[i]:min(len(hs1),ind_end[i]+24*30*9)].copy()
+                        tmp2 = hs2.iloc[ind_end[i]:min(len(hs2),ind_end[i]+24*30*9)].copy()
+
+                        tmp1[np.isnan(tmp2)] = np.nan
+                        tmp2[np.isnan(tmp1)] = np.nan
+                        if tmp1.isnull().all():
+                            tmp1 = hs1_following_winter.copy()
+                            tmp2 = hs2_following_winter.copy()
+
+                            tmp1[np.isnan(tmp2)] = np.nan
+                            tmp2[np.isnan(tmp1)] = np.nan
+                        hs1.iloc[ind_end[i]:] = hs1.iloc[ind_end[i]:] -  np.nanmean(tmp1)  +  np.nanmean(tmp2)
+
+                    # if no hs2, then use PT data available at the end of the melt season
+                    elif np.any(~np.isnan(z.iloc[(ind_end[i]-24*14):(ind_end[i]+24*7)])):
+                        logger.debug('to z')
+                        # then we adjust hs2 to the end-of-ablation z    
+                        # first trying at the end of melt season
+                        if ~np.isnan(np.nanmean(hs1.iloc[(ind_end[i]-24*14):(ind_end[i]+24*30)])): 
+                            logger.debug('using end of melt season')
+                            hs1.iloc[ind_end[i]:] = hs1.iloc[ind_end[i]:] - \
+                                np.nanmean(hs1.iloc[(ind_end[i]-24*14):(ind_end[i]+24*30)])  + \
+                                    np.nanmean(z.iloc[(ind_end[i]-24*14):(ind_end[i]+24*30)])
+                        # if not possible, then trying the end of the following accumulation season
+                        elif ind_start[i+1]!=-999 and any(~np.isnan(hs1.iloc[(ind_start[i+1]-24*14):(ind_start[i+1]+24*7)]+ z.iloc[(ind_start[i+1]-24*14):(ind_start[i+1]+24*7)])): 
+                            logger.debug('using end of accumulation season')
+                            hs1.iloc[ind_end[i]:] = hs1.iloc[ind_end[i]:] - \
+                                np.nanmean(hs1.iloc[(ind_start[i+1]-24*14):(ind_start[i+1]+24*7)])  + \
+                                    np.nanmean(z.iloc[(ind_start[i+1]-24*14):(ind_start[i+1]+24*7)])
+                    elif any(~np.isnan(hs2_year)):
+                        logger.debug('to the last value of hs2')
+                        # then we adjust hs1 to hs2 during the accumulation area
+                        # adjustment is done so that the mean hs1 and mean hs2 match 
+                        # for the period when both are available
+                        half_span = pd.to_timedelta('7D')
+                        tmp1 = hs1_year.loc[(hs2_year.last_valid_index()-half_span):(hs2_year.last_valid_index()+half_span)].copy()
+                        tmp2 = hs2_year.loc[(hs2_year.last_valid_index()-half_span):(hs2_year.last_valid_index()+half_span)].copy()
+
+                        hs1.iloc[ind_end[i]:] = hs1.iloc[ind_end[i]:] -  np.nanmean(tmp1)  +  np.nanmean(tmp2)
+
+        df["z_surf_1_adj"] = hs1.interpolate(limit=2*24).values
+        df["z_surf_2_adj"] = hs2.interpolate(limit=2*24).values
+        df["z_ice_surf_adj"] = z.interpolate(limit=2*24).values
+
+        # making a summary of the surface height
+        df["z_surf_combined"] = np.nan
+
+        # in winter, both SR1 and SR2 are used
+        df["z_surf_combined"] = df["z_surf_2_adj"].interpolate(limit=72).values 
+        
+
+        # in ablation season we use SR2 instead of the SR1&2 average
+        # here two options:
+        # 1) we ignore the SR1 and only use SR2
+        # 2) we use SR1 when SR2 is not available (commented) 
+        # the later one can cause jumps when SR2 starts to be available few days after SR1
+        data_update = df[["z_surf_1_adj", "z_surf_2_adj"]].mean(axis=1).values
+                
+        ind_update = ~ind_ablation 
+        #ind_update = np.logical_and(ind_ablation,  ~np.isnan(data_update))
+        df.loc[ind_update,"z_surf_combined"] = data_update[ind_update]  
+
+        # in ablation season we use pressure transducer over all other options
+        data_update = df[ "z_ice_surf_adj"].interpolate(limit=72).values 
+        ind_update = np.logical_and(ind_ablation, ~np.isnan(data_update))
+        df.loc[ind_update,"z_surf_combined"] = data_update[ind_update] 
+        
+    logger.info('surface height combination finished')
+    return df['z_surf_combined'], df["z_ice_surf_adj"], df["z_surf_1_adj"], df["z_surf_2_adj"]
+
+def hampel(vals_orig, k=7*24, t0=15):
+    '''
+    vals: pandas series of values from which to remove outliers
+    k: size of window (including the sample; 7 is equal to 3 on either side of value)
+    '''
+    #Make copy so original not edited
+    vals=vals_orig.copy()    
+    #Hampel Filter
+    L= 1.4826
+    rolling_median=vals.rolling(k).median()
+    difference=np.abs(rolling_median-vals)
+    median_abs_deviation=difference.rolling(k).median()
+    threshold= t0 *L * median_abs_deviation
+    outlier_idx=difference>threshold
+    outlier_idx[0:round(k/2)]=False
+    vals.loc[outlier_idx]=np.nan
+    return(vals)
+
+
+def get_thermistor_depth(df_in, site, station_config):
+    '''Calculates the depth of the thermistors through time based on their 
+    installation depth (collected in a google sheet) and on the change of surface
+    height: instruments getting buried under new snow or surfacing due to ablation.
+    There is a potential for additional filtering of thermistor data for surfaced
+    (or just noisy) thermistors, but that is currently deactivated because slow.
+    
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    df_in : pandas:dataframe
+        dataframe containing the ice/firn temperature t_i_* as well as the 
+        combined surface height z_surf_combined
+    site : str
+        stid, so that maintenance date and sensor installation depths can be found 
+        in database
+    station_config : dict
+        potentially containing the key string_maintenance
+        with station_config["string_maintenance"] being a list of dictionaries
+        containing maintenance information in the format:
+        [
+            {"date": "2007-08-20", "installation_depth": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 6.0, 6.0]},
+            {"date": "2008-07-17", "installation_depth": [1.2, 2.2, 3.2, 4.2, 5.2, 6.2, 7.2, 10.2]}
+            # Add more entries as needed
+        ]
+    '''
+    
+    temp_cols_name = ['t_i_'+str(i) for i in range(12) if 't_i_'+str(i) in df_in.columns]
+    num_therm = len(temp_cols_name)
+    depth_cols_name = ['d_t_i_'+str(i) for i in range(1,num_therm+1)]   
+    
+    if df_in['z_surf_combined'].isnull().all():
+        logger.info('No valid surface height at '+site+', cannot calculate thermistor depth')
+        df_in[depth_cols_name + ['t_i_10m']] = np.nan
+    else:
+        logger.info('Calculating thermistor depth')
+    
+        # Convert maintenance_info to DataFrame for easier manipulation
+        maintenance_string = pd.DataFrame(
+            station_config.get("string_maintenance",[]),
+            columns = ['date', 'installation_depths']
+            )
+        maintenance_string["date"] = pd.to_datetime(maintenance_string["date"])
+        maintenance_string = maintenance_string.sort_values(by='date', ascending=True)
+            
+
+        if num_therm == 8:
+            ini_depth = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10]
+        else:
+            ini_depth = [0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5, 9.5]
+        df_in[depth_cols_name] = np.nan
+    
+        # filtering the surface height
+        surface_height = df_in["z_surf_combined"].copy()
+        ind_filter = surface_height.rolling(window=14, center=True).var() > 0.1
+        if any(ind_filter):
+            surface_height[ind_filter] = np.nan
+        df_in["z_surf_combined"] = surface_height.values
+        z_surf_interp = df_in["z_surf_combined"].interpolate()
+    
+        # first initialization of the depths
+        for i, col in enumerate(depth_cols_name):
+            df_in[col] = (
+                ini_depth[i]
+                + z_surf_interp.values
+                - z_surf_interp[z_surf_interp.first_valid_index()]
+            )
+    
+        # reseting depth at maintenance
+        if len(maintenance_string.date) == 0:
+            logger.info("No maintenance at "+site)
+    
+        for date in maintenance_string.date:
+            if date > z_surf_interp.last_valid_index():
+                continue
+            new_depth = maintenance_string.loc[
+                                            maintenance_string.date == date
+                                        ].installation_depths.values[0]
+    
+            for i, col in enumerate(depth_cols_name[:len(new_depth)]):
+                tmp = df_in[col].copy()
+                tmp.loc[date:] = (
+                    new_depth[i]
+                    + z_surf_interp[date:].values
+                    - z_surf_interp[date:][
+                        z_surf_interp[date:].first_valid_index()
+                    ]
+                )
+                df_in[col] = tmp.values
+    
+        # % Filtering thermistor data
+        for i in range(len(temp_cols_name)):
+            tmp = df_in[temp_cols_name[i]].copy()
+    
+            # variance filter
+            # ind_filter = (
+            #     df_in[temp_cols_name[i]]
+            #     .interpolate(limit=14)
+            #     .rolling(window=7)
+            #     .var()
+            #     > 0.5
+            # )
+            # month = (
+            #     df_in[temp_cols_name[i]].interpolate(limit=14).index.month.values
+            # )
+            # ind_filter.loc[np.isin(month, [5, 6, 7])] = False
+            # if any(ind_filter):
+            #     tmp.loc[ind_filter] = np.nan
+    
+            # before and after maintenance adaptation filter
+            if len(maintenance_string.date) > 0:
+                for date in maintenance_string.date:
+                    if isinstance(
+                        maintenance_string.loc[
+                            maintenance_string.date == date
+                        ].installation_depths.values[0],
+                        str,
+                    ):
+                        ind_adapt = np.abs(
+                            tmp.interpolate(limit=14).index.values
+                            - pd.to_datetime(date).to_datetime64()
+                        ) < np.timedelta64(7, "D")
+                        if any(ind_adapt):
+                            tmp.loc[ind_adapt] = np.nan
+    
+            # surfaced thermistor
+            ind_pos = df_in[depth_cols_name[i]] < 0.1
+            if any(ind_pos):
+                tmp.loc[ind_pos] = np.nan
+
+            # copying the filtered values to the original table
+            df_in[temp_cols_name[i]] = tmp.values
+            
+            # removing negative depth
+            df_in.loc[df_in[depth_cols_name[i]]<0, depth_cols_name[i]] = np.nan
+        logger.info("interpolating 10 m firn/ice temperature")
+        df_in['t_i_10m'] = interpolate_temperature(
+            df_in.index.values,
+            df_in[depth_cols_name].values.astype(float),
+            df_in[temp_cols_name].values.astype(float),
+            kind="linear",
+            min_diff_to_depth=1.5,
+        ).set_index('date').values
+    
+        # filtering
+        ind_pos = df_in["t_i_10m"] > 0.1
+        ind_low = df_in["t_i_10m"] < -70
+        df_in.loc[ind_pos, "t_i_10m"] = np.nan
+        df_in.loc[ind_low, "t_i_10m"] = np.nan
+
+    return df_in[depth_cols_name + ['t_i_10m']]
+
+
+def interpolate_temperature(dates, depth_cor, temp, depth=10, min_diff_to_depth=2,
+    kind="quadratic"):
+    '''Calculates the depth of the thermistors through time based on their 
+    installation depth (collected in a google sheet) and on the change of surface
+    height: instruments getting buried under new snow or surfacing due to ablation.
+    There is a potential for additional filtering of thermistor data for surfaced
+    (or just noisy) thermistors, but that is currently deactivated because slow.
+    
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    dates : numpy.array
+        array of datetime64
+    depth_cor : numpy.ndarray
+        matrix of depths
+    temp : numpy.ndarray
+        matrix of temperatures
+    depth : float
+        constant depth at which (depth_cor, temp) should be interpolated.
+    min_diff_to_depth: float
+        maximum difference allowed between the available depht and the target depth
+        for the interpolation to be done.
+    kind : str
+        type of interpolation from scipy.interpolate.interp1d
+    '''
+
+    depth_cor = depth_cor.astype(float)
+    df_interp = pd.DataFrame()
+    df_interp["date"] = dates
+    df_interp["temperatureObserved"] = np.nan
+
+    # preprocessing temperatures for small gaps
+    tmp = pd.DataFrame(temp)
+    tmp["time"] = dates
+    tmp = tmp.set_index("time")
+    # tmp = tmp.resample("H").mean()
+    # tmp = tmp.interpolate(limit=24*7)
+    temp = tmp.loc[dates].values
+    for i in (range(len(dates))):
+        x = depth_cor[i, :].astype(float)
+        y = temp[i, :].astype(float)
+        ind_no_nan = ~np.isnan(x + y)
+        x = x[ind_no_nan]
+        y = y[ind_no_nan]
+        x, indices = np.unique(x, return_index=True)
+        y = y[indices]
+        if len(x) < 2 or np.min(np.abs(x - depth)) > min_diff_to_depth:
+            continue
+        f = interp1d(x, y, kind, fill_value="extrapolate")
+        df_interp.iloc[i, 1] = np.min(f(depth), 0)
+
+    if df_interp.iloc[:5, 1].std() > 0.1:
+        df_interp.iloc[:5, 1] = np.nan
+
+    return df_interp
+
+def gps_coordinate_postprocessing(ds, var, station_config={}):
+        # saving the static value of 'lat','lon' or 'alt' stored in attribute
+        # as it might be the only coordinate available for certain stations (e.g. bedrock)
+        var_out = var.replace('gps_','')
+        coord_names = {'lat':'latitude','lon':'longitude', 'alt':'altitude'}
+        if coord_names[var_out] in list(ds.attrs.keys()):
+            static_value = float(ds.attrs[coord_names[var_out]])
+        else:
+            static_value = np.nan
+        
+        # if there is no gps observations, then we use the static value repeated
+        # for each time stamp
+        if var not in ds.data_vars: 
+            print('no',var,'at', ds.attrs['station_id'])
+            return np.ones_like(ds['t_u'].data)*static_value
+        
+        if ds[var].isnull().all():
+            print('no',var,'at',ds.attrs['station_id'])
+            return np.ones_like(ds['t_u'].data)*static_value
+        
+        # Extract station relocations from the config dict
+        station_relocations = station_config.get("station_relocation", [])
+        
+        # Convert the ISO8601 strings to pandas datetime objects
+        breaks = [pd.to_datetime(date_str) for date_str in station_relocations]
+        if len(breaks)==0:
+            logger.info('processing '+var+' without relocation')
+        else:
+            logger.info('processing '+var+' with relocation on ' + ', '.join([br.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S') for br in breaks]))
+
+        return piecewise_smoothing_and_interpolation(ds[var].to_series(), breaks)
+  
+def piecewise_smoothing_and_interpolation(data_series, breaks):
+    '''Smoothes, inter- or extrapolate the GPS observations. The processing is 
+    done piecewise so that each period between station relocations are done 
+    separately (no smoothing of the jump due to relocation). Piecewise linear 
+    regression is then used to smooth the available observations. Then this 
+    smoothed curve is interpolated linearly over internal gaps. Eventually, this 
+    interpolated curve is extrapolated linearly for timestamps before the first 
+    valid measurement and after the last valid measurement.
+    
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data_series : pandas.Series
+        Series of observed latitude, longitude or elevation with datetime index.
+    breaks: list
+        List of timestamps of station relocation. First and last item should be
+        None so that they can be used in slice(breaks[i], breaks[i+1])
+        
+    Returns
+    -------
+    np.ndarray
+        Smoothed and interpolated values corresponding to the input series.
+    '''
+    df_all = pd.Series(dtype=float)  # Initialize an empty Series to gather all smoothed pieces
+    breaks = [None] + breaks + [None]
+    _inferred_series = []
+    for i in range(len(breaks) - 1):
+        df = data_series.loc[slice(breaks[i], breaks[i+1])]
+               
+        # Drop NaN values and calculate the number of segments based on valid data
+        df_valid = df.dropna()
+        if df_valid.shape[0] > 2:        
+            # Fit linear regression model to the valid data range
+            x = pd.to_numeric(df_valid.index).values.reshape(-1, 1)
+            y = df_valid.values.reshape(-1, 1)
+            
+            model = LinearRegression()
+            model.fit(x, y)
+            
+            # Predict using the model for the entire segment range
+            x_pred = pd.to_numeric(df.index).values.reshape(-1, 1)
+            
+            y_pred = model.predict(x_pred)
+            df =  pd.Series(y_pred.flatten(), index=df.index)
+        # adds to list the predicted values for the current segment
+        _inferred_series.append(df)
+        
+    df_all = pd.concat(_inferred_series)
+    
+    # Fill internal gaps with linear interpolation
+    df_all = df_all.interpolate(method='linear', limit_area='inside')
+        
+    # Remove duplicate indices and return values as numpy array
+    df_all = df_all[~df_all.index.duplicated(keep='last')]
+    return df_all.values
+  
+def calculate_tubulent_heat_fluxes(T_0, T_h, Tsurf_h, WS_h, z_WS, z_T, q_h, p_h, 
                 kappa=0.4, WS_lim=1., z_0=0.001, g=9.82, es_0=6.1071, eps=0.622, 
                 gamma=16., L_sub=2.83e6, L_dif_max=0.01, c_pd=1005., aa=0.7, 
-                bb=0.75, cc=5., dd=0.35):    
+                bb=0.75, cc=5., dd=0.35, R_d=287.05):    
     '''Calculate latent and sensible heat flux using the bulk calculation 
     method 
     
     Parameters
     ----------
     T_0 : int 
-        Steam point temperature
+        Freezing point temperature
     T_h : xarray.DataArray
         Air temperature
     Tsurf_h : xarray.DataArray
@@ -143,8 +1059,6 @@ def calcHeatFlux(T_0, T_h, Tsurf_h, rho_atm, WS_h, z_WS, z_T, nu, q_h, p_h,
         Height of anemometer
     z_T : float
         Height of thermometer
-    nu  : float
-        Kinematic viscosity of air
     q_h : xarray.DataArray
         Specific humidity
     p_h : xarray.DataArray
@@ -159,7 +1073,7 @@ def calcHeatFlux(T_0, T_h, Tsurf_h, rho_atm, WS_h, z_WS, z_T, nu, q_h, p_h,
     g : int 
         Gravitational acceleration (m/s2). Default is 9.82.        
     es_0 : int 
-        Saturation vapour pressure at the melting point (hPa). Default is 6.1071.        
+        Saturation vapour pressure at the melting point (hPa). Default is 6.1071.      
     eps : int 
         Ratio of molar masses of vapor and dry air (0.622).
     gamma : int
@@ -182,6 +1096,8 @@ def calcHeatFlux(T_0, T_h, Tsurf_h, rho_atm, WS_h, z_WS, z_T, nu, q_h, p_h,
     dd : int
         Flux profile correction constants (Holtslag & De Bruin '88). Default is 
         0.35.
+    R_d : int 
+        Gas constant of dry air. Default is 287.05.
     
     Returns
     -------
@@ -190,6 +1106,9 @@ def calcHeatFlux(T_0, T_h, Tsurf_h, rho_atm, WS_h, z_WS, z_T, nu, q_h, p_h,
     LHF_h : xarray.DataArray
         Latent heat flux
     '''   
+    rho_atm = 100 * p_h / R_d / (T_h + T_0)                              # Calculate atmospheric density                                  
+    nu = calculate_viscosity(T_h, T_0, rho_atm)                                     # Calculate kinematic viscosity  
+    
     SHF_h = xr.zeros_like(T_h)                                                 # Create empty xarrays
     LHF_h = xr.zeros_like(T_h)
     L = xr.full_like(T_h, 1E5)
@@ -275,10 +1194,14 @@ def calcHeatFlux(T_0, T_h, Tsurf_h, rho_atm, WS_h, z_WS, z_T, nu, q_h, p_h,
             # If n_elements(where(L_dif > L_dif_max)) eq 1 then break
             if np.all(L_dif <= L_dif_max):
                 break
-                   
+
+    HF_nan = np.isnan(p_h) | np.isnan(T_h) | np.isnan(Tsurf_h) \
+        | np.isnan(q_h) | np.isnan(WS_h) | np.isnan(z_T)
+    SHF_h[HF_nan] = np.nan
+    LHF_h[HF_nan] = np.nan 
     return SHF_h, LHF_h
 
-def calcVisc(T_h, T_0, rho_atm):    
+def calculate_viscosity(T_h, T_0, rho_atm):    
     '''Calculate kinematic viscosity of air
     
     Parameters
@@ -301,9 +1224,8 @@ def calcVisc(T_h, T_0, rho_atm):
     # Kinematic viscosity of air in m^2/s
     return mu / rho_atm 
 
-def calcHumid(T_0, T_100, T_h, es_0, es_100, eps, p_h, RH_cor_h):
+def calculate_specific_humidity(T_0, T_100, T_h, p_h, RH_cor_h, es_0=6.1071, es_100=1013.246, eps=0.622):
     '''Calculate specific humidity
-    
     Parameters
     ----------
     T_0 : float 
@@ -312,16 +1234,16 @@ def calcHumid(T_0, T_100, T_h, es_0, es_100, eps, p_h, RH_cor_h):
         Steam point temperature in Kelvin
     T_h : xarray.DataArray
         Air temperature
-    eps : int 
-        ratio of molar masses of vapor and dry air (0.622)
-    es_0 : float
-        Saturation vapour pressure at the melting point (hPa)
-    es_100 : float
-        Saturation vapour pressure at steam point temperature (hPa)
     p_h : xarray.DataArray
         Air pressure
     RH_cor_h : xarray.DataArray
         Relative humidity corrected
+    es_0 : float
+        Saturation vapour pressure at the melting point (hPa)
+    es_100 : float
+        Saturation vapour pressure at steam point temperature (hPa)
+    eps : int 
+        ratio of molar masses of vapor and dry air (0.622)
     
     Returns
     -------
@@ -346,86 +1268,11 @@ def calcHumid(T_0, T_100, T_h, es_0, es_100, eps, p_h, RH_cor_h):
     freezing = T_h < 0  
     q_sat[freezing] = eps * es_ice[freezing] / (p_h[freezing] - (1 - eps) * es_ice[freezing])
     
+    q_nan = np.isnan(T_h) | np.isnan(p_h)
+    q_sat[q_nan] = np.nan
+
     # Convert to kg/kg
     return RH_cor_h * q_sat / 100 
-
-def cleanHeatFlux(SHF, LHF, T, Tsurf, p, WS, RH_cor, z_boom):
-    '''Find invalid heat flux data values and replace with NaNs, based on 
-    air temperature, surface temperature, air pressure, wind speed, 
-    corrected relative humidity, and boom height
-    
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    SHF : xarray.DataArray
-        Sensible heat flux
-    LHF : xarray.DataArray
-        Latent heat flux
-    T : xarray.DataArray
-        Air temperature
-    Tsurf : xarray.DataArray
-        Surface temperature
-    p : xarray.DataArray
-        Air pressure
-    WS : xarray.DataArray
-        Wind speed
-    RH_cor : xarray.DataArray
-        Relative humidity corrected
-    z_boom : xarray.DataArray
-        Boom height
-    
-    Returns
-    -------
-    SHF : xarray.DataArray
-        Sensible heat flux corrected
-    LHF : xarray.DataArray
-        Latent heat flux corrected
-    '''
-    HF_nan = np.isnan(p) | np.isnan(T) | np.isnan(Tsurf) \
-        | np.isnan(RH_cor) | np.isnan(WS) | np.isnan(z_boom)
-    SHF[HF_nan] = np.nan
-    LHF[HF_nan] = np.nan 
-    return SHF, LHF
-      
-def cleanSpHumid(q_h, T, Tsurf, p, RH_cor):
-    '''Find invalid specific humidity data values and replace with NaNs, 
-    based on air temperature, surface temperature, air pressure, 
-    and corrected relative humidity
-    
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    q_h : xarray.DataArray
-        Specific humidity
-    T : xarray.DataArray
-        Air temperature
-    Tsurf : xarray.DataArray
-        Surface temperature
-    p : xarray.DataArray
-        Air pressure
-    RH_cor : xarray.DataArray
-        Relative humidity corrected
-    
-    Returns
-    -------
-    q_h : xarray.DataArray
-        Specific humidity corrected'''
-    q_nan = np.isnan(T) | np.isnan(RH_cor) | np.isnan(p) | np.isnan(Tsurf)
-    q_h[q_nan] = np.nan
-    return q_h
- 
-
-def _calcAtmosDens(p_h, R_d, T_h, T_0):                                        # TODO: check this shouldn't be in this step somewhere
-    '''Calculate atmospheric density'''
-    return 100 * p_h / R_d / (T_h + T_0)
-
-def _getTempK(T_0):
-    '''Return steam point temperature in K'''
-    return T_0+100
-  
-def _getRotation():
-    '''Return degrees-to-radians and radians-to-degrees''' 
-    deg2rad = np.pi / 180
-    rad2deg = 1 / deg2rad
-    return deg2rad, rad2deg
   
 if __name__ == "__main__": 
     # unittest.main()