pyobo 0.12.0__py3-none-any.whl → 0.12.2__py3-none-any.whl

pyobo/utils/io.py

@@ -1,26 +1,28 @@
 """I/O utilities."""
 
 import collections.abc
+import contextlib
 import csv
 import gzip
 import logging
 from collections import defaultdict
-from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Mapping
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TypeVar
+from typing import Literal, TextIO, TypeVar
 
 import pandas as pd
 from tqdm.auto import tqdm
 
 __all__ = [
     "get_reader",
-    "get_writer",
     "multidict",
     "multisetdict",
     "open_map_tsv",
     "open_multimap_tsv",
     "open_reader",
+    "safe_open",
+    "safe_open_writer",
     "write_iterable_tsv",
     "write_map_tsv",
     "write_multimap_tsv",
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ Y = TypeVar("Y")
 def open_reader(path: str | Path, sep: str = "\t"):
     """Open a file and get a reader for it."""
     path = Path(path)
-    with gzip.open(path, "rt") if path.suffix == ".gz" else open(path) as file:
+    with safe_open(path, read=True) as file:
         yield get_reader(file, sep=sep)
 
 
@@ -45,16 +47,11 @@ def get_reader(x, sep: str = "\t"):
     return csv.reader(x, delimiter=sep, quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
 
 
-def get_writer(x, sep: str = "\t"):
-    """Get a :func:`csv.writer` with PyOBO default settings."""
-    return csv.writer(x, delimiter=sep, quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
-
-
 def open_map_tsv(
     path: str | Path, *, use_tqdm: bool = False, has_header: bool = True
 ) -> Mapping[str, str]:
     """Load a mapping TSV file into a dictionary."""
-    with open(path) as file:
+    with safe_open(path, read=True) as file:
         if has_header:
             next(file)  # throw away header
         if use_tqdm:
@@ -84,9 +81,12 @@ def _help_multimap_tsv(
     use_tqdm: bool = False,
     has_header: bool = True,
 ) -> Iterable[tuple[str, str]]:
-    with open(path) as file:
+    with safe_open(path, read=True) as file:
         if has_header:
-            next(file)  # throw away header
+            try:
+                next(file)  # throw away header
+            except gzip.BadGzipFile as e:
+                raise ValueError(f"could not open file {path}") from e
         if use_tqdm:
             file = tqdm(file, desc=f"loading TSV from {path}")
         yield from get_reader(file)
@@ -145,8 +145,32 @@ def write_iterable_tsv(
     """Write a mapping dictionary to a TSV file."""
     it = (row for row in it if all(cell is not None for cell in row))
     it = sorted(it)
-    with open(path, "w") as file:
-        writer = get_writer(file, sep=sep)
+    with safe_open_writer(path, delimiter=sep) as writer:
         if header is not None:
             writer.writerow(header)
         writer.writerows(it)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def safe_open(
+    path: str | Path, read: bool, encoding: str | None = None
+) -> Generator[TextIO, None, None]:
+    """Safely open a file for reading or writing text."""
+    path = Path(path).expanduser().resolve()
+    mode: Literal["rt", "wt"] = "rt" if read else "wt"
+    if path.suffix.endswith(".gz"):
+        with gzip.open(path, mode=mode, encoding=encoding) as file:
+            yield file
+    else:
+        with open(path, mode=mode) as file:
+            yield file
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def safe_open_writer(f: str | Path | TextIO, *, delimiter: str = "\t"):  # type:ignore
+    """Open a CSV writer, wrapping :func:`csv.writer`."""
+    if isinstance(f, str | Path):
+        with safe_open(f, read=False) as file:
+            yield csv.writer(file, delimiter=delimiter)
+    else:
+        yield csv.writer(f, delimiter=delimiter)

pyobo/utils/path.py

@@ -99,25 +99,22 @@ def ensure_df(
 class CacheArtifact(enum.Enum):
     """An enumeration for."""
 
-    names = "names.tsv"
-    definitions = "definitions.tsv"
-    species = "species.tsv"
-    synonyms = "synonyms.tsv"  # deprecated
-    xrefs = "xrefs.tsv"  # deprecated
-    mappings = "mappings.tsv"
-    relations = "relations.tsv"
-    alts = "alt_ids.tsv"
-    typedefs = "typedefs.tsv"
-    literal_mappings = "literal_mappings.tsv"
-    references = "references.tsv"
-    obsoletes = "obsolete.tsv"
-
-    properties = "properties.tsv"  # deprecated
-    literal_properties = "literal_properties.tsv"
-    object_properties = "object_properties.tsv"
-
-    nodes = "nodes.tsv"
-    edges = "edges.tsv"
+    names = "names.tsv.gz"
+    definitions = "definitions.tsv.gz"
+    species = "species.tsv.gz"
+    mappings = "mappings.tsv.gz"
+    relations = "relations.tsv.gz"
+    alts = "alt_ids.tsv.gz"
+    typedefs = "typedefs.tsv.gz"
+    literal_mappings = "literal_mappings.tsv.gz"
+    references = "references.tsv.gz"
+    obsoletes = "obsolete.tsv.gz"
+
+    literal_properties = "literal_properties.tsv.gz"
+    object_properties = "object_properties.tsv.gz"
+
+    nodes = "nodes.tsv.gz"
+    edges = "edges.tsv.gz"
 
     prefixes = "prefixes.json"
     metadata = "metadata.json"

pyobo/version.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "get_version",
 ]
 
-VERSION = "0.12.0"
+VERSION = "0.12.2"
 
 
 def get_git_hash() -> str:

{pyobo-0.12.0.dist-info → pyobo-0.12.2.dist-info}/METADATA

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.4
 Name: pyobo
-Version: 0.12.0
+Version: 0.12.2
 Summary: A python package for handling and generating OBO
 Keywords: snekpack,cookiecutter,ontologies,biomedical ontologies,life sciences,natural sciences,bioinformatics,cheminformatics,Open Biomedical Ontologies,OBO
 Author: Charles Tapley Hoyt
@@ -37,15 +37,16 @@ Requires-Dist: humanize
 Requires-Dist: tabulate
 Requires-Dist: cachier
 Requires-Dist: pystow>=0.7.0
-Requires-Dist: bioversions>=0.7.0
+Requires-Dist: bioversions>=0.8.0
 Requires-Dist: bioregistry>=0.12.7
-Requires-Dist: bioontologies>=0.7.1
+Requires-Dist: bioontologies>=0.7.2
 Requires-Dist: ssslm>=0.0.13
 Requires-Dist: zenodo-client>=0.3.6
 Requires-Dist: class-resolver>=0.6.0
 Requires-Dist: psycopg2-binary
 Requires-Dist: pydantic>=2.0
-Requires-Dist: curies>=0.10.10
+Requires-Dist: curies>=0.10.13
+Requires-Dist: curies-processing>=0.1.0
 Requires-Dist: python-dateutil
 Requires-Dist: networkx>=3.4
 Requires-Dist: drugbank-downloader
@@ -55,14 +56,8 @@ Requires-Dist: clinicaltrials-downloader>=0.0.2
 Requires-Dist: nih-reporter-downloader>=0.0.1
 Requires-Dist: typing-extensions
 Requires-Dist: rdflib
-Requires-Dist: sphinx>=8 ; extra == 'docs'
-Requires-Dist: sphinx-rtd-theme>=3.0 ; extra == 'docs'
-Requires-Dist: sphinx-click ; extra == 'docs'
-Requires-Dist: sphinx-automodapi ; extra == 'docs'
 Requires-Dist: ssslm[gilda] ; extra == 'gilda'
 Requires-Dist: ssslm[gilda-slim] ; extra == 'gilda-slim'
-Requires-Dist: pytest ; extra == 'tests'
-Requires-Dist: coverage[toml] ; extra == 'tests'
 Maintainer: Charles Tapley Hoyt
 Maintainer-email: Charles Tapley Hoyt <cthoyt@gmail.com>
 Requires-Python: >=3.10
@@ -71,10 +66,8 @@ Project-URL: Documentation, https://pyobo.readthedocs.io
 Project-URL: Funding, https://github.com/sponsors/cthoyt
 Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/biopragmatics/pyobo
 Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/biopragmatics/pyobo.git
-Provides-Extra: docs
 Provides-Extra: gilda
 Provides-Extra: gilda-slim
-Provides-Extra: tests
 Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
 
 <!--
@@ -120,14 +113,7 @@ identifiers. It also means all identifiers are strings, no exceptions.
 
 Note! The first time you run these, they have to download and cache all
 resources. We're not in the business of redistributing data, so all scripts
-should be completely reproducible. There's some AWS tools for
-hosting/downloading pre-compiled versions in `pyobo.aws` if you don't have time
-for that.
-
-Note! PyOBO can perform grounding in a limited number of cases, but it is _not_
-a general solution for named entity recognition (NER) or grounding. It's
-suggested to check `Gilda <https://github.com/indralab/gilda>`\_ for a
-no-nonsense solution.
+should be completely reproducible.
 
 ### Mapping Identifiers and CURIEs
 
@@ -136,19 +122,11 @@ Get mapping of ChEBI identifiers to names:
 ```python
 import pyobo
 
-chebi_id_to_name = pyobo.get_id_name_mapping('chebi')
-
-name = chebi_id_to_name['132964']
-assert name == 'fluazifop-P-butyl'
-```
-
-Or, you don't have time for two lines:
-
-```python
-import pyobo
+chebi_id_to_name = pyobo.get_id_name_mapping("chebi")
+assert "fluazifop-P-butyl" == chebi_id_to_name["132964"]
 
-name = pyobo.get_name('chebi', '132964')
-assert name == 'fluazifop-P-butyl'
+# or more directly
+assert "fluazifop-P-butyl" == pyobo.get_name("chebi", "132964")
 ```
 
 Get reverse mapping of ChEBI names to identifiers:
@@ -156,10 +134,8 @@ Get reverse mapping of ChEBI names to identifiers:
 ```python
 import pyobo
 
-chebi_name_to_id = pyobo.get_name_id_mapping('chebi')
-
-identifier = chebi_name_to_id['fluazifop-P-butyl']
-assert identifier == '132964'
+chebi_name_to_id = pyobo.get_name_id_mapping("chebi")
+assert "132964" == chebi_name_to_id["fluazifop-P-butyl"]
 ```
 
 Maybe you live in CURIE world and just want to normalize something like
@@ -168,8 +144,7 @@ Maybe you live in CURIE world and just want to normalize something like
 ```python
 import pyobo
 
-name = pyobo.get_name_by_curie('CHEBI:132964')
-assert name == 'fluazifop-P-butyl'
+assert "fluazifop-P-butyl" == pyobo.get_name_by_curie("CHEBI:132964")
 ```
 
 Sometimes you accidentally got an old CURIE. It can be mapped to the more recent
@@ -181,11 +156,11 @@ from pyobo import Reference
 
 # Look up DNA-binding transcription factor activity (go:0003700)
 # based on an old id
-primary_curie = pyobo.get_primary_curie('go:0001071')
-assert primary_curie == 'go:0003700'
+primary_curie = pyobo.get_primary_curie("go:0001071")
+assert primary_curie == "go:0003700"
 
 # If it's already the primary, it just gets returned
-assert Reference.from_curie('go:0003700') == pyobo.get_primary_curie('go:0003700')
+assert Reference.from_curie("go:0003700") == pyobo.get_primary_curie("go:0003700")
 ```
 
 ### Mapping Species
@@ -196,11 +171,10 @@ WikiPathway identifiers to species (as NCBI taxonomy identifiers):
 ```python
 import pyobo
 
-wikipathways_id_to_species = pyobo.get_id_species_mapping('wikipathways')
+wikipathways_id_to_species = pyobo.get_id_species_mapping("wikipathways")
 
 # Apoptosis (Homo sapiens)
-taxonomy_id = wikipathways_id_to_species['WP254']
-assert taxonomy_id == '9606'
+assert "9606" == wikipathways_id_to_species["WP254"]
 ```
 
 Or, you don't have time for two lines:
@@ -209,8 +183,8 @@ Or, you don't have time for two lines:
 import pyobo
 
 # Apoptosis (Homo sapiens)
-taxonomy_id = pyobo.get_species('wikipathways', 'WP254')
-assert taxonomy_id == '9606'
+taxonomy_id = pyobo.get_species("wikipathways", "WP254")
+assert taxonomy_id == "9606"
 ```
 
 ### Grounding
@@ -222,13 +196,13 @@ it up and its preferred label.
 ```python
 import pyobo
 
-reference = pyobo.ground('chebi', 'Fusilade II')
-assert reference.prefix == 'chebi'
-assert reference.identifier == '132964'
-assert reference.name == 'fluazifop-P-butyl'
+reference = pyobo.ground("chebi", "Fusilade II")
+assert reference.prefix == "chebi"
+assert reference.identifier == "132964"
+assert reference.name == "fluazifop-P-butyl"
 
 # When failure happens...
-reference = pyobo.ground('chebi', 'Definitely not a real name')
+reference = pyobo.ground("chebi", "Definitely not a real name")
 assert reference is None
 ```
 
@@ -240,10 +214,10 @@ false positives in case of conflicts):
 import pyobo
 
 # looking for phenotypes/pathways
-reference = pyobo.ground(['efo', 'go'], 'ERAD')
-assert reference.prefix == 'go'
-assert reference.identifier == '0030433'
-assert reference.name == 'ubiquitin-dependent ERAD pathway'
+reference = pyobo.ground(["efo", "go"], "ERAD")
+assert reference.prefix == "go"
+assert reference.identifier == "0030433"
+assert reference.name == "ubiquitin-dependent ERAD pathway"
 ```
 
 ### Cross-referencing
@@ -253,10 +227,10 @@ Get xrefs from ChEBI to PubChem:
 ```python
 import pyobo
 
-chebi_id_to_pubchem_compound_id = pyobo.get_filtered_xrefs('chebi', 'pubchem.compound')
+chebi_id_to_pubchem_compound_id = pyobo.get_filtered_xrefs("chebi", "pubchem.compound")
 
-pubchem_compound_id = chebi_id_to_pubchem_compound_id['132964']
-assert pubchem_compound_id == '3033674'
+pubchem_compound_id = chebi_id_to_pubchem_compound_id["132964"]
+assert pubchem_compound_id == "3033674"
 ```
 
 If you don't have time for two lines:
@@ -264,8 +238,8 @@ If you don't have time for two lines:
 ```python
 import pyobo
 
-pubchem_compound_id = pyobo.get_xref('chebi', '132964', 'pubchem.compound')
-assert pubchem_compound_id == '3033674'
+pubchem_compound_id = pyobo.get_xref("chebi", "132964", "pubchem.compound")
+assert pubchem_compound_id == "3033674"
 ```
 
 Get xrefs from Entrez to HGNC, but they're only available through HGNC, so you
@@ -274,13 +248,13 @@ need to flip them:
 ```python
 import pyobo
 
-hgnc_id_to_ncbigene_id = pyobo.get_filtered_xrefs('hgnc', 'ncbigene')
+hgnc_id_to_ncbigene_id = pyobo.get_filtered_xrefs("hgnc", "ncbigene")
 ncbigene_id_to_hgnc_id = {
   ncbigene_id: hgnc_id
   for hgnc_id, ncbigene_id in hgnc_id_to_ncbigene_id.items()
 }
-mapt_hgnc = ncbigene_id_to_hgnc_id['4137']
-assert mapt_hgnc == '6893'
+mapt_hgnc = ncbigene_id_to_hgnc_id["4137"]
+assert mapt_hgnc == "6893"
 ```
 
 Since this is a common pattern, there's a keyword argument `flip` that does this
@@ -289,9 +263,9 @@ for you:
 ```python
 import pyobo
 
-ncbigene_id_to_hgnc_id = pyobo.get_filtered_xrefs('hgnc', 'ncbigene', flip=True)
-mapt_hgnc_id = ncbigene_id_to_hgnc_id['4137']
-assert mapt_hgnc_id == '6893'
+ncbigene_id_to_hgnc_id = pyobo.get_filtered_xrefs("hgnc", "ncbigene", flip=True)
+mapt_hgnc_id = ncbigene_id_to_hgnc_id["4137"]
+assert mapt_hgnc_id == "6893"
 ```
 
 If you don't have time for two lines (I admit this one is a bit confusing) and
@@ -300,8 +274,8 @@ need to flip it:
 ```python
 import pyobo
 
-hgnc_id = pyobo.get_xref('hgnc', '4137', 'ncbigene', flip=True)
-assert hgnc_id == '6893'
+hgnc_id = pyobo.get_xref("hgnc", "4137", "ncbigene", flip=True)
+assert hgnc_id == "6893"
 ```
 
 ### Properties
@@ -313,11 +287,11 @@ basis.
 import pyobo
 
 # I don't make the rules. I wouldn't have chosen this as the key for this property. It could be any string
-chebi_smiles_property = 'http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi/smiles'
-chebi_id_to_smiles = pyobo.get_filtered_properties_mapping('chebi', chebi_smiles_property)
+chebi_smiles_property = "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi/smiles"
+chebi_id_to_smiles = pyobo.get_filtered_properties_mapping("chebi", chebi_smiles_property)
 
-smiles = chebi_id_to_smiles['132964']
-assert smiles == 'C1(=CC=C(N=C1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)O[C@@H](C(OCCCC)=O)C)C(F)(F)F'
+smiles = chebi_id_to_smiles["132964"]
+assert smiles == "C1(=CC=C(N=C1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)O[C@@H](C(OCCCC)=O)C)C(F)(F)F"
 ```
 
 If you don't have time for two lines:
@@ -325,8 +299,8 @@ If you don't have time for two lines:
 ```python
 import pyobo
 
-smiles = pyobo.get_property('chebi', '132964', 'http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi/smiles')
-assert smiles == 'C1(=CC=C(N=C1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)O[C@@H](C(OCCCC)=O)C)C(F)(F)F'
+smiles = pyobo.get_property("chebi", "132964", "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi/smiles")
+assert smiles == "C1(=CC=C(N=C1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)O[C@@H](C(OCCCC)=O)C)C(F)(F)F"
 ```
 
 ### Hierarchy
@@ -338,12 +312,12 @@ import pyobo
 from pyobo import Reference
 
 # check that go:0008219 ! cell death is an ancestor of go:0006915 ! apoptotic process
-assert Reference.from_curie('go:0008219') in pyobo.get_ancestors('go', '0006915')
+assert Reference.from_curie("go:0008219") in pyobo.get_ancestors("go", "0006915")
 
 # check that go:0070246 ! natural killer cell apoptotic process is a
 # descendant of go:0006915 ! apoptotic process
-apopototic_process_descendants = pyobo.get_descendants('go', '0006915')
-assert Reference.from_curie('go:0070246') in apopototic_process_descendants
+apopototic_process_descendants = pyobo.get_descendants("go", "0006915")
+assert Reference.from_curie("go:0070246") in apopototic_process_descendants
 ```
 
 Get the sub-hierarchy below a given node:
@@ -353,11 +327,11 @@ import pyobo
 from pyobo import Reference
 
 # get the descendant graph of go:0006915 ! apoptotic process
-apopototic_process_subhierarchy = pyobo.get_subhierarchy('go', '0006915')
+apopototic_process_subhierarchy = pyobo.get_subhierarchy("go", "0006915")
 
 # check that go:0070246 ! natural killer cell apoptotic process is a
 # descendant of go:0006915 ! apoptotic process through the subhierarchy
-assert Reference.from_curie('go:0070246') in apopototic_process_subhierarchy
+assert Reference.from_curie("go:0070246") in apopototic_process_subhierarchy
 ```
 
 Get a hierarchy with properties preloaded in the node data dictionaries:
@@ -366,12 +340,12 @@ Get a hierarchy with properties preloaded in the node data dictionaries:
 import pyobo
 from pyobo import Reference
 
-prop = 'http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi/smiles'
-chebi_hierarchy = pyobo.get_hierarchy('chebi', properties=[prop])
+prop = "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi/smiles"
+chebi_hierarchy = pyobo.get_hierarchy("chebi", properties=[prop])
 
-assert Reference.from_curie('chebi:132964') in chebi_hierarchy
-assert prop in chebi_hierarchy.nodes['chebi:132964']
-assert chebi_hierarchy.nodes['chebi:132964'][prop] == 'C1(=CC=C(N=C1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)O[C@@H](C(OCCCC)=O)C)C(F)(F)F'
+assert Reference.from_curie("chebi:132964") in chebi_hierarchy
+assert prop in chebi_hierarchy.nodes["chebi:132964"]
+assert chebi_hierarchy.nodes["chebi:132964"][prop] == "C1(=CC=C(N=C1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)O[C@@H](C(OCCCC)=O)C)C(F)(F)F"
 ```
 
 ### Relations
@@ -381,9 +355,9 @@ way)
 
 ```python
 >>> import pyobo
->>> human_mapt_hgnc_id = '6893'
->>> mouse_mapt_mgi_id = '97180'
->>> hgnc_mgi_orthology_mapping = pyobo.get_relation_mapping('hgnc', 'ro:HOM0000017', 'mgi')
+>>> human_mapt_hgnc_id = "6893"
+>>> mouse_mapt_mgi_id = "97180"
+>>> hgnc_mgi_orthology_mapping = pyobo.get_relation_mapping("hgnc", "ro:HOM0000017", "mgi")
 >>> assert mouse_mapt_mgi_id == hgnc_mgi_orthology_mapping[human_mapt_hgnc_id]
 ```
 
@@ -392,9 +366,9 @@ If you want to do it in one line, use:
 ```python
 
 >>> import pyobo
->>> human_mapt_hgnc_id = '6893'
->>> mouse_mapt_mgi_id = '97180'
->>> assert mouse_mapt_mgi_id == pyobo.get_relation('hgnc', 'ro:HOM0000017', 'mgi', human_mapt_hgnc_id)
+>>> human_mapt_hgnc_id = "6893"
+>>> mouse_mapt_mgi_id = "97180"
+>>> assert mouse_mapt_mgi_id == pyobo.get_relation("hgnc", "ro:HOM0000017", "mgi", human_mapt_hgnc_id)
 ```
 
 ### Writings Tests that Use PyOBO
@@ -410,8 +384,8 @@ import pyobo
 from pyobo.mocks import get_mock_id_name_mapping
 
 mock_id_name_mapping = get_mock_id_name_mapping({
-  'chebi': {
-      '132964': 'fluazifop-P-butyl',
+  "chebi": {
+      "132964": "fluazifop-P-butyl",
   },
 })
 
@@ -419,34 +393,9 @@ class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
   def my_test(self):
       with mock_id_name_mapping:
           # use functions directly, or use your functions that wrap them
-          pyobo.get_name('chebi', '1234')
+          pyobo.get_name("chebi", "1234")
 ```
 
-## Curation of the Bioregistry
-
-In order to normalize references and identify resources, PyOBO uses the
-[Bioregistry](https://github.com/bioregistry/bioregistry). It used to be a part
-of PyOBO, but has since been externalized for more general reuse.
-
-At
-[src/pyobo/registries/metaregistry.json](https://github.com/pyobo/pyobo/blob/master/src/pyobo/registries/metaregistry.json)
-is the curated "metaregistry". This is a source of information that contains all
-sorts of fixes for missing/wrong information in MIRIAM, OLS, and OBO Foundry;
-entries that don't appear in any of them; additional synonym information for
-each namespace/prefix; rules for normalizing xrefs and CURIEs, etc.
-
-Other entries in the metaregistry:
-
-- The `"remappings"->"full"` entry is a dictionary from strings that might
-  follow `xref:` in a given OBO file that need to be completely replaced, due to
-  incorrect formatting
-- The `"remappings"->"prefix"` entry contains a dictionary of prefixes for xrefs
-  that need to be remapped. Several rules, for example, remove superfluous
-  spaces that occur inside CURIEs or and others address instances of the GOGO
-  issue.
-- The `"blacklists"` entry contains rules for throwing out malformed xrefs based
-  on full string, just prefix, or just suffix.
-
 ## Troubleshooting
 
 The OBO Foundry seems to be pretty unstable with respect to the URLs to OBO