pyhcal 1.0.0__py3-none-any.whl

pyhcal/figures.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1024 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Created on Wed May  8 09:40:51 2024
+
+@author: cfreema
+"""
+
+#%% Add libraries
+
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from datetime import datetime
+from scipy.stats import pearsonr
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+#%% Minnesota Color Scheme and Font
+
+# Minnesota Brand Colors
+COLORS = {'Minnesota Blue': '#003865',
+          'Minnesota Green': '#78BE21',
+          'White': '#FFFFFF',
+          'Black': '000000',
+          'Accent Teal': '#008EAA',
+          'Accent Green': '#0D5257',
+          'Accent Orange': '#8D3F2B',
+          'Accent Purple': '#5D295F',
+          'Extended Accent Blue Gray': '#A4BCC2',
+          'Extended Accent Cream': '#F5E1A4',
+          'Extended Accent Sky Blue': '#9BCBEB',
+          'Extended Accent Gold': '#FFC845',
+          'Dark Gray': '#53565A',
+          'Medium Gray': '#97999B',
+          'Light Gray': '#D9D9D6',
+          'Orange': '#E57200'}
+
+# Minnesota Substitute Typography
+CFONT = {'fontname': 'Calibri'}
+
+#%% Monthly Bar Plot
+def monthly_bar(df, station_id, constituent, units, save_path=None, yaxis=None, ylimit=None):
+    '''
+    Returns a timeseries plot of hourly simulated concentrations and observed concentrations 
+    with the same date range as the input data (df). The hourly simulated concentrations are 
+    represented with a line and the observed concentrations are represented with points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    df : Pandas Dataframe
+        -Dataframe with 2 columns: simulated, observed.
+        -The dates must be in the datetime Python format.
+        -The date range must already be filtered to the date range you wish to plot in the 
+         figure and should be on an hourly timestep.
+        -The hourly simulated concentrations must be paired with observed concentrations, where 
+         grab samples exist.
+        -If you wish to plot concentrations from more than one station, there should still only be one 
+         'obs' column, i.e., no stations overlapping in dates.
+        -In pre-processing, the time of the observed samples may need to be adjusted to the nearest 
+         top of the hour in order to merge the observed data with the simulated data.
+        
+    station_id : Python list
+        -Include one or more station ID numbers (i.e., H49009001).
+        -This argument is only used to include the station ID(s) in the plot title.
+        -Example: ['H49009001'] or ['W49012002', 'W49012003']
+        
+        
+    constituent: Python string
+        -Input constituent as you'd like it to appear on the figure title and axis
+        -Options include: 
+            TSS (total suspended solids)
+            N+N (nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen)
+            PO4 (orthophosphate phosphorus)
+            TP (total phosphorus)
+            TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen) 
+            
+    units: Python string
+        -Input units as you'd like it to appear on the figure axis (without parentheses)
+        -Make sure the units you enter match the units of the data in your input df
+   
+            
+    save_path: Python string
+        -Default is None and will not save the figure anywhere.
+        -Enter the folder path OR the file path (it is recommended to save the file as a .png).
+        -If a folder path is entered, the file name will default to 'constituent_timeseries_stationID(s)'
+        -Make sure to use forward slashes (/) instead of backslashes (\).
+        -File path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/figure_6.png'
+        -Folder path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/'
+    
+    yaxis: Python string
+        -Options: None, log, Log
+        -Default is None and will create a plot with a linear y-axis.
+        -yaxis = log (or Log) will create a plot with a log y-axis.
+        -Use log when you have a dataset with a high range of concentrations (i.e. TSS).
+        
+    ylimit: integer
+        -Insert a value that will be the upper limit of the y-axis (e.g. ylimit = 400)
+        -Default is None and will use the dataset to set the y-axis limits.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fig : Figure object of matplotlib.figure module
+    ax : AxesSubplot object of matplotlib.axes._subplots module
+
+    '''
+    
+    units = df.attrs['unit']
+    
+    assert units in ['mg/l','lb','cfs']
+    
+    if units in ['cfs','mg/l']:
+        df = df[['observed','simulated']].groupby(df.index.month).mean()
+    else:
+        df = df[['observed','simulated']].groupby(df.index.month).sum()
+
+    
+    # cf2cfs = {'hourly':3600,
+    #           'daily':86400,
+    #           'monthly':2592000,
+    #           'yearly':31536000,
+    #           'h':3600,
+    #           'D':86400,
+    #           'M':2592000,
+    #           'Y':31536000}
+    
+    # if units == 'mg/l':
+    #     df['simulated'] = 2.20462e-6*df['simulated']/0.0353147*df['simulated_flow']*cf2cfs[time_step]
+    #     df['observed'] = 2.20462e-6*df['observed']/0.0353147*df['observed_flow']*cf2cfs[time_step]
+    #     units = 'lb'
+    
+    
+    
+    # Create a figure containing a single axes
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,4), dpi = 600)
+    # months = {1:'JAN', 2:'FEB', 3:'MAR', 4:'APR', 5:'MAY', 6:'JUN', 7:'JUL',
+    #        8:'AUG', 9:'SEP', 10:'OCT', 11:'NOV', 12:'DEC'}
+    
+    
+    
+    #index = ['January','Febuary','March','April','May','June','July','August','September','October','November','December']
+    df[['observed','simulated']].plot.bar(ax=ax,color = {'simulated':COLORS.get('Orange'),'observed':COLORS.get('Minnesota Blue')})
+    stations = ', '.join(station_id)
+    plt.title(f'Simulated and Observed {constituent} \n Station(s): ' + stations, **CFONT, fontsize = 12, weight = 'bold')
+    # Add x label
+    plt.xlabel('Month', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Add y label
+    plt.ylabel(f'{constituent} ({units})', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Add legend
+    plt.legend(['Observed', 'Simulated'], fontsize = 9)
+    # Set legend font to Calibri
+    L = ax.legend()
+    plt.setp(L.texts, family = 'Calibri')
+    # Set the font and font size for the tick labels
+    plt.xticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    plt.yticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    
+    #Axis settings depending on user input
+    if yaxis == 'log' or yaxis == 'Log':
+        # Convert y axis to log scale
+        plt.yscale('log')
+        # Add axis gridlines
+        plt.grid(which='major', axis='y', linewidth=0.3)
+        plt.grid(which='minor', axis='y', linewidth=0.3)
+        
+    else:
+        # Add y axis gridlines and set the y axis minimum to 0
+        ax.set_axisbelow(True)
+        plt.grid(which='major', axis='y', linewidth=0.3)
+        plt.ylim(bottom=0)
+        
+    if ylimit is not None:
+        # Define the upper limit of the y-axis based on user input
+        plt.ylim(top = ylimit)
+    
+    # Save figure, if given a folder or file path in argument save_path
+    if save_path is not None:
+        save_path = Path(save_path)
+        if save_path.is_dir():
+            filepath = save_path.joinpath(constituent + '_monthly_bar' + stations + '.png')
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+        else:
+            filepath = save_path
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+    
+    return fig, ax
+
+#%% Timeseries
+def timeseries(df, station_id, constituent, units, save_path=None, yaxis=None, ylimit=None):
+    '''
+    Returns a timeseries plot of hourly simulated concentrations and observed concentrations 
+    with the same date range as the input data (df). The hourly simulated concentrations are 
+    represented with a line and the observed concentrations are represented with points.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    df : Pandas Dataframe
+        -Dataframe with 2 columns: simulated, observed.
+        -The dates must be in the datetime Python format.
+        -The date range must already be filtered to the date range you wish to plot in the 
+         figure and should be on an hourly timestep.
+        -The hourly simulated concentrations must be paired with observed concentrations, where 
+         grab samples exist.
+        -If you wish to plot concentrations from more than one station, there should still only be one 
+         'obs' column, i.e., no stations overlapping in dates.
+        -In pre-processing, the time of the observed samples may need to be adjusted to the nearest 
+         top of the hour in order to merge the observed data with the simulated data.
+        
+    station_id : Python list
+        -Include one or more station ID numbers (i.e., H49009001).
+        -This argument is only used to include the station ID(s) in the plot title.
+        -Example: ['H49009001'] or ['W49012002', 'W49012003']
+        
+        
+    constituent: Python string
+        -Input constituent as you'd like it to appear on the figure title and axis
+        -Options include: 
+            TSS (total suspended solids)
+            N+N (nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen)
+            PO4 (orthophosphate phosphorus)
+            TP (total phosphorus)
+            TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen) 
+            
+    units: Python string
+        -Input units as you'd like it to appear on the figure axis (without parentheses)
+        -Make sure the units you enter match the units of the data in your input df
+        -Options include:
+            mg/L (milligrams per liter)
+            ppm (parts per million)
+            ug/L (micrograms per liter)
+            ppb (parts per billion)
+            
+    save_path: Python string
+        -Default is None and will not save the figure anywhere.
+        -Enter the folder path OR the file path (it is recommended to save the file as a .png).
+        -If a folder path is entered, the file name will default to 'constituent_timeseries_stationID(s)'
+        -Make sure to use forward slashes (/) instead of backslashes (\).
+        -File path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/figure_6.png'
+        -Folder path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/'
+    
+    yaxis: Python string
+        -Options: None, log, Log
+        -Default is None and will create a plot with a linear y-axis.
+        -yaxis = log (or Log) will create a plot with a log y-axis.
+        -Use log when you have a dataset with a high range of concentrations (i.e. TSS).
+        
+    ylimit: integer
+        -Insert a value that will be the upper limit of the y-axis (e.g. ylimit = 400)
+        -Default is None and will use the dataset to set the y-axis limits.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fig : Figure object of matplotlib.figure module
+    ax : AxesSubplot object of matplotlib.axes._subplots module
+
+    '''
+    # Create a figure containing a single axes
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,4), dpi = 600)
+    # Plot simulated TSS concentrations (line)
+    sim, = ax.plot(df['simulated'], label = 'sim', color = COLORS.get('Orange'), linewidth = '0.9')  
+    # Plot observed TSS concentrations (points)
+    obs, = ax.plot(df['observed'], '*', mfc = 'none', label = 'obs', mec = COLORS.get('Minnesota Blue'))  
+    # Add plot title
+    stations = ', '.join(station_id)
+    plt.title(f'Simulated and Observed {constituent} Concentrations \n Station(s): ' + stations, **CFONT, fontsize = 12, weight = 'bold')
+    # Add x label
+    plt.xlabel('Date', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Add y label
+    plt.ylabel(f'{constituent} ({units})', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Add legend
+    plt.legend(handles=[sim, obs], fontsize = 9)
+    # Set legend font to Calibri
+    L = ax.legend()
+    plt.setp(L.texts, family = 'Calibri')
+    # Set the font and font size for the tick labels
+    plt.xticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    plt.yticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    
+    #Axis settings depending on user input
+    if yaxis == 'log' or yaxis == 'Log':
+        # Convert y axis to log scale
+        plt.yscale('log')
+        # Add axis gridlines
+        plt.grid(which='major', axis='y', linewidth=0.3)
+        plt.grid(which='minor', axis='y', linewidth=0.3)
+        
+    else:
+        # Add y axis gridlines and set the y axis minimum to 0
+        plt.grid(which='major', axis='y', linewidth=0.3)
+        plt.ylim(bottom=0)
+        
+    if ylimit is not None:
+        # Define the upper limit of the y-axis based on user input
+        plt.ylim(top = ylimit)
+    
+    # Save figure, if given a folder or file path in argument save_path
+    if save_path is not None:
+        save_path = Path(save_path)
+        if save_path.is_dir():
+            filepath = save_path.joinpath(constituent + '_timeseries_' + stations + '.png')
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+        else:
+            filepath = save_path
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+    
+    return fig, ax
+
+#%% Simulated versus Observed Concentrations Plot (Scatter): scatter
+
+def scatter(df, station_id, constituent, units, save_path=None):
+    '''
+    Returns a scatter plot of simulated and observed concentrations. 
+    A 1:1 fit indicates a perfect relationship between simulated and observed concentrations.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    df : Pandas Dataframe
+        -Dataframe with 3 columns: sim, obs.
+        -The simulated concentrations must be paired with observed concentrations, where grab samples exist.
+        -If you wish to plot concentrations from more than one station, there should still only be one 
+         'obs' column, i.e., no stations overlapping in dates.
+        -In pre-processing, the time of the observed samples may need to be adjusted to the nearest top of 
+         the hour in order to merge the observed data with the simulated data.
+        
+    station_id : Python list
+        -Include one or more station ID numbers (i.e., H49009001).
+        -This argument is only used to include the station ID(s) in the plot title.
+        -Example: ['H49009001'] or ['W49012002', 'W49012003']
+        
+    constituent: Python string
+        -Input constituent as you'd like it to appear on the figure title and axis
+        -Options include: 
+            TSS (total suspended solids)
+            N+N (nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen)
+            PO4 (orthophosphate phosphorus)
+            TP (total phosphorus)
+            TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen)
+            
+    units: Python string
+        -Input units as you'd like it to appear on the figure axis (without parentheses)
+        -Make sure the units you enter match the units of the data in your input df
+        -Options include:
+            mg/L (milligrams per liter)
+            ppm (parts per million)
+            ug/L (micrograms per liter)
+            ppb (parts per billion)  
+    
+    save_path: Python string
+        -Default is None and will not save the figure anywhere.
+        -Enter the folder path OR the file path (it is recommended to save the file as a .png).
+        -If a folder path is entered, the file name will default to 'constituent_scatter_stationID(s)'
+        -Make sure to use forward slashes (/) instead of backslashes (\).
+        -File path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/figure_6.png'
+        -Folder path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/'
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fig : Figure object of matplotlib.figure module
+    ax : AxesSubplot object of matplotlib.axes._subplots module
+
+    '''
+    # Calculate correlation coefficient
+    corr, _ = pearsonr(df['observed'],df['simulated'])
+    # Create a figure containing a single axes
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,4), dpi = 600)
+    # Plot observed versus simulated TSS concentrations (points)
+    ax.plot(df['observed'], df['simulated'], 'o', alpha = 0.3, color = COLORS.get('Minnesota Green'))     
+    # Add the correlation coefficient to the plot
+    plt.text(0.1, 0.9, f'r = {corr:.2f}', transform=plt.gca().transAxes)
+    # Add plot title
+    stations = ', '.join(station_id)
+    plt.title(f'Simulated versus Observed {constituent} Concentrations \n Station(s): ' + stations, **CFONT, fontsize = 12, weight = 'bold')
+    # Add x label
+    plt.xlabel(f'Observed {constituent} ({units})', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Add y label
+    plt.ylabel(f'Simulated {constituent} ({units})', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Set the font and font size for the tick labels
+    plt.xticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    plt.yticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    # Add y axis gridlines, set the x and y axis minimums to 0, and make the axes square
+    plt.grid(which='major', axis='y', linewidth=0.3)
+    plt.axis('square')
+    plt.ylim(bottom=0)
+    plt.xlim(left=0)
+    
+    # Save figure, if given a folder or file path in argument save_path
+    if save_path is not None:
+        save_path = Path(save_path)
+        if save_path.is_dir():
+            filepath = save_path.joinpath(constituent + '_scatter_' + stations + '.png')
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+        else:
+            filepath = save_path
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+
+    return fig, ax
+
+
+#test_df = create_test_data()
+
+#fig, ax = scatter(test_df,station_id, 'TSS', 'mg/L')
+
+
+#%% Concentration vs Flow (Rating Curve): rating
+
+def rating(df, station_id, constituent, units, save_path=None):
+    '''
+    Returns a concentration versus flow rating curve for both simulated and observed datasets. 
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    df : Pandas Dataframe
+        -Dataframe with 4 columns: simulated, simulated_flow, observed, observed_flow.
+        -This function assumes the flow units are in cubic feet per second (cfs).
+        -The simulated concentrations & flow must be paired with observed concentrations & flow.
+        -If you wish to plot concentrations and flow from more than one station, there should 
+         still only be one 'obs conc' column and one 'obs flow (cfs)' column
+        -In pre-processing, the time of the observed samples and flow may need to be adjusted 
+         to the nearest 15-minutes or nearest top of the hour in order to merge the observed data 
+         with the simulated data.
+        
+    station_id : Python list
+        -Include one or more station ID numbers (i.e., H49009001).
+        -This argument is only used to include the station ID(s) in the plot title.
+        -Example: ['H49009001'] or ['W49012002', 'W49012003']
+        
+    constituent: Python string
+        -Input constituent as you'd like it to appear on the figure title and axis
+        -Options include: 
+            TSS (total suspended solids)
+            N+N (nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen)
+            PO4 (orthophosphate phosphorus)
+            TP (total phosphorus)
+            TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen)   
+        
+    units: Python string
+        -Input constituent units as you'd like it to appear on the figure axis (without parentheses)
+        -Make sure the units you enter match the units of the data in your input df
+        -Options include:
+            mg/L (milligrams per liter)
+            ppm (parts per million)
+            ug/L (micrograms per liter)
+            ppb (parts per billion)  
+            
+    save_path: Python string
+        -Default is None and will not save the figure anywhere.
+        -Enter the folder path OR the file path (it is recommended to save the file as a .png).
+        -If a folder path is entered, the file name will default to 'constituent_rating_stationID(s)'
+        -Make sure to use forward slashes (/) instead of backslashes (\).
+        -File path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/figure_6.png'
+        -Folder path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/'
+    
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fig : Figure object of matplotlib.figure module
+    ax : AxesSubplot object of matplotlib.axes._subplots module
+
+    '''
+    # Create a figure containing a single axes
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,4), dpi = 600)
+    # Plot observed concentration versus flow (points)
+    obs, = ax.plot(df['observed_flow'], df['observed'], '*', label = 'obs', color = COLORS.get('Minnesota Blue'))     
+    # Plot simulated concentration versus flow (points)
+    sim, = ax.plot(df['simulated_flow'], df['simulated'], 'v', mfc = 'none', label = 'sim', mec = COLORS.get('Orange'))   
+    # Add plot title
+    stations = ', '.join(station_id)
+    plt.title(f'Simulated and Observed {constituent} Concentration vs Flow \n Station(s): ' + stations, **CFONT, fontsize = 12, weight = 'bold')
+    # Add x label
+    plt.xlabel('Flow (cfs)', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Add y label
+    plt.ylabel(f'{constituent} ({units})', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Add legend
+    plt.legend(handles=[obs, sim], fontsize = 9)
+    # Set legend font to Calibri
+    L = ax.legend()
+    plt.setp(L.texts, family = 'Calibri')
+    # Set the font and font size for the tick labels
+    plt.xticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    plt.yticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    # Convert x and y axis to log scale
+    plt.yscale('log')
+    plt.xscale('log')
+    # Add axis gridlines
+    plt.grid(which='major', axis='both', linewidth=0.3)
+    
+    # Save figure, if given a folder or file path in argument save_path
+    if save_path is not None:
+        save_path = Path(save_path)
+        if save_path.is_dir():
+            filepath = save_path.joinpath(constituent + '_rating_' + stations + '.png')
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+        else:
+            filepath = save_path
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+
+    return fig, ax
+
+
+#test_df = create_test_data()
+
+#fig, ax = rating(test_df,station_id, 'PO4', 'ug/L')
+
+#%% Load Duration Curve: LDC
+
+# # Create random data for input into LDC function
+# def create_test_data():
+#     start_date = datetime(2020,5,20)
+#     end_date = datetime(2023,9,30)
+#     date_range = ((end_date - start_date).days + 1)
+
+#     random_days = np.random.randint(date_range, size=45)
+#     obs_dates = pd.to_datetime(start_date) + pd.to_timedelta(random_days, unit='days')
+
+#     test_df_obs = pd.DataFrame({'date' : obs_dates,
+#                                 'obs load': np.random.randint(9000, size = 45).astype(float),
+#                                 'obs flow': np.random.randint(1000, size = 45).astype(float)})
+
+#     test_df_obs['obs rank'] = test_df_obs['obs flow'].rank(method = 'first', ascending = False)
+#     test_df_obs['obs exceed %'] = test_df_obs['obs rank'] / (len(test_df_obs) + 1) * 100
+
+#     sim_dates = pd.date_range(start='1/1/2020',end='12/31/2023')
+
+#     test_df_sim = pd.DataFrame({'date' : sim_dates,
+#                                 'sim load': np.random.randint(9000, size = 1461).astype(float),
+#                                 'sim flow': np.random.randint(1000, size = 1461).astype(float)})
+
+#     test_df_sim['sim rank'] = test_df_sim['sim flow'].rank(method = 'first', ascending = False)
+#     test_df_sim['sim exceed %'] = test_df_sim['sim rank'] / (len(test_df_sim) + 1) * 100
+
+#     test_df = test_df_sim.merge(test_df_obs, on = 'date', how = 'left')
+    
+#     return test_df
+
+
+def LDC(df, station_id, constituent, units, time_step, save_path=None):
+    '''
+    Returns a load duration curve - constituent load versus flow exceedance percentage 
+    for both simulated and observed datasets. 
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    df : Pandas Dataframe
+        -Dataframe with 5 columns: date, sim load, sim exceed %, obs load, obs exceed %.
+        -Sim exceed % and obs exceed % represent flow exceedance (not load exceedance).
+        -The entire modeled period of record may be used for the simulated data.
+        -If you wish to use load and flow observational data from more than one station, there should 
+          still only be one 'obs load' column and one 'obs exceed %' column.
+        
+    station_id : Python list
+        -Include one or more station ID numbers (i.e., H49009001).
+        -This argument is only used to include the station ID(s) in the plot title.
+        -Example: ['H49009001'] or ['W49012002', 'W49012003']
+        
+    constituent: Python string
+        -Input constituent as you'd like it to appear on the figure title and axis
+        -Options include: 
+            TSS (total suspended solids)
+            N+N (nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen)
+            PO4 (orthophosphate phosphorus)
+            TP (total phosphorus)
+            TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen)  
+            
+    units: Python string
+        -Input constituent units as you'd like it to appear on the figure axis (without parentheses)
+        -Make sure the units you enter match the units of the data in your input df
+        -Options include:
+            tons per day (tons/day)
+            pounds per day (lb/day)
+
+    save_path: Python string
+        -Default is None and will not save the figure anywhere.
+        -Enter the folder path OR the file path (it is recommended to save the file as a .png).
+        -If a folder path is entered, the file name will default to 'constituent_LDC_stationID(s)'
+        -Make sure to use forward slashes (/) instead of backslashes (\).
+        -File path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/figure_6.png'
+        -Folder path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/'
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fig : Figure object of matplotlib.figure module
+    ax : AxesSubplot object of matplotlib.axes._subplots module
+
+    '''
+    assert units in ['mg/l','lb']
+    
+    cf2cfs = {'hourly':3600,
+              'daily':86400,
+              'monthly':2592000,
+              'yearly':31536000,
+              'h':3600,
+              'D':86400,
+              'M':2592000,
+              'Y':31536000}
+    
+    if units == 'mg/l':
+        df['simulated'] = 2.20462e-6*df['simulated']/0.0353147*df['simulated_flow']*cf2cfs[time_step]
+        df['observed'] = 2.20462e-6*df['observed']/0.0353147*df['observed_flow']*cf2cfs[time_step]
+        units = 'lb'
+        
+    df['simulated_flow rank'] = df['simulated_flow'].rank(method = 'average', ascending = False)
+    df['simulated_flow exceed %'] = df['simulated_flow rank'] / (len(df) + 1) * 100
+    df['observed_flow rank'] = df['observed_flow'].rank(method = 'average', ascending = False)
+    df['observed_flow exceed %'] = df['observed_flow rank'] / (len(df) + 1) * 100
+
+    
+    # Create a figure containing a single axes
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,4), dpi = 600)   
+    # Plot simulated load versus flow exceedance (points)
+    sim, = ax.plot(df['simulated_flow exceed %'], df['simulated'], 'v', mfc = 'none', label = 'sim', mec = COLORS.get('Orange'))
+    # Plot observed load versus flow exceedance (points)
+    obs, = ax.plot(df['observed_flow exceed %'], df['observed'], '*', label = 'obs', color = COLORS.get('Minnesota Blue'))  
+    # Add plot title
+    stations = ', '.join(station_id)
+    plt.title(f'{constituent} Load Duration Curve \n Station(s): ' + stations, **CFONT, fontsize = 12, weight = 'bold')
+    # Add x label
+    plt.xlabel('Flow Exceedance (%)', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Add y label
+    plt.ylabel(f'{constituent} ({units})', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Add legend
+    plt.legend(handles=[obs, sim], fontsize = 9)
+    # Set legend font to Calibri
+    L = ax.legend()
+    plt.setp(L.texts, family = 'Calibri')
+    # Set the font and font size for the tick labels
+    plt.xticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    plt.yticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    # Convert y axis to log scale
+    plt.yscale('log')
+    # Add axis gridlines
+    plt.grid(which='major', axis='both', linewidth=0.3)
+    plt.grid(which='minor', axis='y', linewidth=0.3)
+    
+    #Save figure, if given a folder or file path in argument save_path
+    if save_path is not None:
+        save_path = Path(save_path)
+        if save_path.is_dir():
+            filepath = save_path.joinpath(constituent + '_LDC_' + stations + '.png')
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+        else:
+            filepath = save_path
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+
+    return fig, ax
+
+# #test_df = create_test_data()
+
+# #fig, ax = LDC(test_df,station_id, 'OP', 'lbs/day')
+
+#%% Timeseries Plot: contTimeseries
+
+def contTimeseries(df, station_id, constituent, units, save_path=None):
+    '''
+    Returns a timeseries plot of simulated and observed continuous data with the same date range as
+    the input data (df).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    df : Pandas Dataframe
+        -Dataframe with 2 columns: observed, simulated
+        -The dates must be in the datetime Python format.
+        -The date range must already be filtered to the date range and timestep you wish to plot 
+         in the figure.
+        -Each simulated data point must have a corresponding observed data point. 
+        -For TSS, N+N, PO4, TP, and TKN, the simulated data should be from HSPF and the observed data
+         should be from FLUX (WPLMN).
+        -The suggested units for each of the constituents are as follows:
+                -flow: cubic feet per second (cfs)
+                -temp: degrees Fahrenheit (ºF)
+                -DO: milligrams per liter (mg/L)
+                -TSS: kilograms per day (kg/d)
+                -N+N: kilograms per day (kg/d)
+                -PO4: kilograms per day (kg/d)
+                -TP: kilograms per day (kg/d)
+                -TKN: kilograms per day (kg/d)
+        -If you wish to plot observed data from more than one station, there should still only be one 
+         column for obs, i.e., no observed data overlapping in dates.
+        
+    station_id : Python list
+        -Include one or more station ID numbers (i.e., ['H49009001', 'H25019002']).
+        -This argument is only used to include the station ID(s) in the plot title.
+        -Example: ['H49009001'] or ['W49012002', 'W49012003']
+        
+    constituent: Python string
+        -Input constituent as you'd like it to appear on the figure title and axis        
+        -Options include: 
+            Flow
+            Temp (water temperature)
+            DO (dissolved oxygen)
+            TSS (total suspended solids)
+            N+N (nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen)
+            PO4 (orthophosphate phosphorus)
+            TP (total phosphorus)
+            TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen)
+            
+    units: Python string
+        -Input units as you'd like it to appear on the figure axis (without parentheses)
+        -Make sure the units you enter match the units of the data in your input df
+        -Options include:
+            cfs
+            ºF (degrees F)
+            ºC (degrees C)
+            mg/L (milligrams per liter)
+            ppm (parts per million)
+            kg/d (kilograms per day)
+
+    save_path: Python string
+        -Default is None and will not save the figure anywhere.
+        -Enter the folder path OR the file path (it is recommended to save the file as a .png).
+        -If a folder path is entered, the file name will default to 'constituent_contTimeseries_stationID(s)'
+        -Make sure to use forward slashes (/) instead of backslashes (\).
+        -File path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/figure_6.png'
+        -Folder path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/'
+        
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fig : Figure object of matplotlib.figure module
+    ax : AxesSubplot object of matplotlib.axes._subplots module
+
+    '''
+    # Create a figure containing a single axes
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,4), dpi = 600)
+    # Plot observed flow
+    obs, = ax.plot(df['observed'], label = 'observed', color = COLORS.get('Minnesota Blue'), linewidth = '0.9')  
+    # Plot simulated flow
+    sim, = ax.plot(df['simulated'], label = 'simulated', color = COLORS.get('Orange'), linewidth = '0.5')  
+    # Add plot title
+    stations = ', '.join(station_id)
+    plt.title(f'Simulated and Observed {constituent} \n Station(s): ' + stations, **CFONT, fontsize = 12, weight = 'bold')
+    # Add x label
+    plt.xlabel('Date', **CFONT, fontsize = 10)   
+    # Add y label
+    plt.ylabel(f'{constituent} ({units})', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Add legend
+    plt.legend(handles=[obs, sim], fontsize = 9)
+    # Set legend font to Calibri
+    L = ax.legend()
+    plt.setp(L.texts, family = 'Calibri')
+    # Set the font and font size for the tick labels
+    plt.xticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    plt.yticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    # Add y axis gridlines and set the y axis minimum to 0
+    plt.grid(which='major', axis='y', linewidth=0.3)
+    plt.ylim(bottom=0)
+    
+    # Save figure, if given a folder or file path in argument save_path
+    if save_path is not None:
+        save_path = Path(save_path)
+        if save_path.is_dir():
+            filepath = save_path.joinpath(constituent + '_contTimeseries_' + stations + '.png')
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+        else:
+            filepath = save_path
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+
+    return fig, ax
+
+#test_df = create_test_data()
+
+#fig, ax = contTimeseries(test_df,station_id, 'Nitrate + Nitrite', 'kg/d')
+
+#%% Duration Curve/Exceedance Plot: FDCexceed
+
+# Create random data for input into FDCexceed function
+def create_test_data():
+    start_date = datetime(2020,5,20,8,0,0)
+    end_date = datetime(2023,9,30,17,0,0)
+    date_range = ((end_date - start_date).days + 1) * 24
+
+    random_days = np.random.randint(date_range, size=80)
+    dates = pd.to_datetime(start_date) + pd.to_timedelta(random_days, unit='hours')
+
+    test_df_sim = pd.DataFrame({'date' : dates,
+                                'sim': np.random.randint(500,size = 80).astype(float)})
+
+    test_df_sim['simulated rank'] = test_df_sim['simulated'].rank(method = 'first', ascending = False)
+    test_df_sim['simulated exceed %'] = test_df_sim['simulated rank'] / (len(test_df_sim) + 1) * 100
+
+    test_df_obs = pd.DataFrame({'date' : dates,
+                                'obs': np.random.randint(500,size = 80).astype(float)})
+
+    test_df_obs['obs rank'] = test_df_obs['observed'].rank(method = 'first', ascending = False)
+    test_df_obs['obs exceed %'] = test_df_obs['observed rank'] / (len(test_df_sim) + 1) * 100
+
+    test_df = test_df_obs.merge(test_df_sim,on='date')
+    
+    return test_df
+
+def FDCexceed(df, station_id, constituent, units, save_path=None):
+    '''
+    Returns a flow duration curve or exceedance plot for simulated and observed data.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    df : Pandas Dataframe
+        -Dataframe with 2 columns: simulated, observed
+        -In data preprocessing, the simulated data should be paired with observed data.
+        -If you wish to use observed data from more than one station, there should still only be one 
+         'obs' column, i.e., no overlapping observed data.
+        -Exceedance percentage should be calculated by ranking data (highest is ranked #1), 
+         then calculate exceedance percentage as follows:
+            P = (m/n+1) * 100, where:
+                P = exceedance percentage
+                m = the ranking of all data for the period of record
+                n = the total number of data points
+                
+    station_id : Python list
+        -Include one or more station ID numbers (i.e., H49009001).
+        -This argument is only used to include the station ID(s) in the plot title.
+        -Example: ['H49009001'] or ['W49012002', 'W49012003']
+        
+    constituent: Python string
+        -Input constituent as you'd like it to appear on the figure title and axis
+        -Options include: 
+            Flow
+            TSS (total suspended solids)
+            N+N (nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen)
+            PO4 (orthophosphate phosphorus)
+            TP (total phosphorus)
+            TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen)
+            
+    units: Python string
+        -Input units as you'd like it to appear on the figure axis (without parentheses)
+        -Make sure the units you enter match the units of the data in your input df
+        -Options include:
+            cfs
+            mg/L (milligrams per liter)
+            ppm (parts per million)
+            ug/L (micrograms per liter)
+            ppb (parts per billion)
+            
+    save_path: Python string
+        -Default is None and will not save the figure anywhere.
+        -Enter the folder path OR the file path (it is recommended to save the file as a .png).
+        -If a folder path is entered, the file name will default to 'constituent_FDCexceed_stationID(s)'
+        -Make sure to use forward slashes (/) instead of backslashes (\).
+        -File path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/figure_6.png'
+        -Folder path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/'
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fig : Figure object of matplotlib.figure module
+    ax : AxesSubplot object of matplotlib.axes._subplots module
+
+    '''
+    
+    
+    df['simulated rank'] = df['simulated'].rank(method = 'average', ascending = False)
+    df['simulated exceed %'] = df['simulated rank'] / (len(df) + 1) * 100
+    df['observed rank'] = df['observed'].rank(method = 'average', ascending = False)
+    df['observed exceed %'] = df['observed rank'] / (len(df) + 1) * 100
+
+    
+    # Create a figure containing a single axes
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,4), dpi = 600)
+    # Sort obs in descending order, then plot observed FDC/exceedance plot
+    df = df.sort_values(by = 'observed', ascending = False)
+    obs, = ax.plot(df['observed exceed %'], df['observed'], label = 'observed', color = COLORS.get('Minnesota Blue'))  
+    # Sort sim in descending order, then plot simulated FDC/exceedance plot
+    df = df.sort_values(by = 'simulated', ascending = False)
+    sim, = ax.plot(df['simulated exceed %'], df['simulated'], label = 'simulated', color = COLORS.get('Orange'))  
+    # Add plot title
+    stations = ', '.join(station_id)
+    if constituent == 'Flow' or constituent == 'flow':
+        plt.title('Flow Duration Curves \n Station(s): ' + stations, **CFONT, fontsize = 12, weight = 'bold')
+    else: 
+        plt.title(f'{constituent} Exceedance Plot \n Station(s): ' + stations, **CFONT, fontsize = 12, weight = 'bold')
+    # Add x label
+    plt.xlabel('Exceedance Percentage', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Add y label
+    plt.ylabel(f'{constituent} ({units})', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Add legend
+    plt.legend(handles=[obs, sim], fontsize = 9)
+    # Set legend font to Calibri
+    L = ax.legend()
+    plt.setp(L.texts, family = 'Calibri')
+    # Set the font and font size for the tick labels
+    plt.xticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    plt.yticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    # Add axis gridlines
+    plt.grid(which='major', axis='both', linewidth=0.3)
+    plt.grid(which='minor', axis='y', linewidth=0.3)
+    # Convert y axis to log scale
+    plt.yscale('log')
+    # Set the x axis minimum to 0
+    plt.xlim(left=0)
+    
+    # Save figure, if given a folder or file path in argument save_path
+    if save_path is not None:
+        save_path = Path(save_path)
+        if save_path.is_dir():
+            filepath = save_path.joinpath(constituent + '_FDCexceed_' + stations + '.png')
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+        else:
+            filepath = save_path
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+
+    return fig, ax
+
+
+
+#test_df = create_test_data()
+
+#fig, ax = FDCexceed(test_df,station_id, 'flow', 'cfs')
+
+#%% Flow Duration Curve or Exceedance Plot with Points: FDCexceedPoints
+
+def FDCexceedPoints(df, station_id, constituent, units, save_path=None):
+    '''
+    Returns a duration curve (flow) or exceedance plot (sediment and nutrients)
+    for observed data with points representing paired (not ranked) simulated data.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    df : Pandas Dataframe
+        -Dataframe with 2 columns: simulated, observed
+        -In data preprocessing, the simulated data should be paired with observed data.
+        -If you wish to use observed data from more than one station, there should still only be one 
+         'obs' column, i.e., no overlapping observed data.
+        -Exceedance percentage should be calculated by ranking data (highest is ranked #1), 
+         then calculate exceedance percentage as follows:
+            P = (m/n+1) * 100, where:
+                P = exceedance percentage
+                m = the ranking of all data for the period of record
+                n = the total number of data points
+                
+    station_id : Python list
+        -Include one or more station ID numbers (i.e., H49009001).
+        -This argument is only used to include the station ID(s) in the plot title.
+        -Example: ['H49009001'] or ['W49012002', 'W49012003']
+        
+    constituent: Python string
+        -Input constituent as you'd like it to appear on the figure title and axis
+        -Options include: 
+            Flow
+            TSS (total suspended solids)
+            N+N (nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen)
+            PO4 (orthophosphate phosphorus)
+            TP (total phosphorus)
+            TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen)
+            
+    units: Python string
+        -Input units as you'd like it to appear on the figure axis (without parentheses)
+        -Make sure the units you enter match the units of the data in your input df
+        -Options include:
+            cfs
+            mg/L (milligrams per liter)
+            ppm (parts per million)
+            ug/L (micrograms per liter)
+            ppb (parts per billion)
+            
+    save_path: Python string
+        -Default is None and will not save the figure anywhere.
+        -Enter the folder path OR the file path (it is recommended to save the file as a .png).
+        -If a folder path is entered, the file name will default to 'constituent_FDCexceed_stationID(s)'
+        -Make sure to use forward slashes (/) instead of backslashes (\).
+        -File path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/figure_6.png'
+        -Folder path example: 'C:/Users/cfreema/Desktop/delete/'
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fig : Figure object of matplotlib.figure module
+    ax : AxesSubplot object of matplotlib.axes._subplots module
+
+    '''
+    
+    df['observed rank'] = df['observed'].rank(method = 'first', ascending = False)
+    df['observed exceed %'] = df['observed rank'] / (len(df) + 1) * 100
+
+    
+    # Create a figure containing a single axes
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,4), dpi = 600)
+    # Sort obs in descending order, then plot observed FDC/exceedance plot and paired sim conc
+    df = df.sort_values(by = 'observed', ascending = False)
+    sim, = ax.plot(df['observed exceed %'], df['simulated'], '.', label = 'simulated', color = COLORS.get('Orange'))  
+    obs, = ax.plot(df['observed exceed %'], df['observed'], label = 'observed', color = COLORS.get('Minnesota Blue'))  
+# START HERE 
+    # Add plot title
+    stations = ', '.join(station_id)
+    if constituent == 'Flow' or constituent == 'flow':
+        #plt.title('Flow Duration Curve \n Station(s): ' + stations, **CFONT, fontsize = 12, weight = 'bold')
+        ax.set_title('Flow Duration Curve \n Station(s): ' + stations, **CFONT, fontsize = 12, weight = 'bold')
+    else: 
+        #plt.title(f'{constituent} Exceedance Plot \n Station(s): ' + stations, **CFONT, fontsize = 12, weight = 'bold')
+        ax.set_title(f'{constituent} Exceedance Plot \n Station(s): ' + stations, **CFONT, fontsize = 12, weight = 'bold')
+    # Add x label
+    ax.set_xlabel('Exceedance Percentage', **CFONT, fontsize = 10)
+    # Add y label
+    ax.set_ylabel(f'{constituent} ({units})', **CFONT, fontsize = 10) 
+    # Add legend
+    ax.legend(handles=[obs, sim], fontsize = 9)
+    # Set legend font to Calibri
+    L = ax.legend()
+    plt.setp(L.texts, family = 'Calibri')
+    # Set the font and font size for the tick labels
+    plt.xticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    plt.yticks(**CFONT, fontsize = 9)
+    # Add axis gridlines
+    ax.grid(which='major', axis='both', linewidth=0.3)
+    ax.grid(which='minor', axis='y', linewidth=0.3)
+    # Convert y axis to log scale
+    ax.set_yscale('log')
+    # Set the x axis minimum to 0
+    ax.set_xlim(left=0)
+    
+    # Save figure, if given a folder or file path in argument save_path
+    if save_path is not None:
+        save_path = Path(save_path)
+        if save_path.is_dir():
+            filepath = save_path.joinpath(constituent + '_FDCexceedPoints_' + stations + '.png')
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+        else:
+            filepath = save_path
+            fig.savefig(filepath, bbox_inches='tight')
+
+    return fig, ax
+
+
+def _exceedence(df):
+        
+    df['simulated rank'] = df.loc[:,'simulated'].rank(method = 'average', ascending = False)
+    df['simulated exceed %'] =  df.loc[:,'simulated rank'] / (len(df) + 1) * 100
+    df['observed rank'] =  df.loc[:,'observed'].rank(method = 'average', ascending = False)
+    df['observed exceed %'] =  df.loc[:,'observed rank'] / (len(df) + 1) * 100
+
+    return df