pyasn1-alt-modules 0.4.5__py3-none-any.whl

pyasn1_alt_modules/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0396/
+__version__ = '0.4.5'

pyasn1_alt_modules/opentypemap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1-alt-modules software.
+#
+# This very simple manager for opentype maps allows various related
+# ASN.1 modules to share the same maps.
+#
+# Created by Russ Housley
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2024, Vigil Security, LLC
+# License: http://vigilsec.com/pyasn1-alt-modules-license.txt
+#
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+map_of_opentype_maps = defaultdict(dict)
+
+
+def get (map_name):
+    """Get the named opentype map, creating an empty one if needed."""
+    return map_of_opentype_maps[map_name]

pyasn1_alt_modules/pem.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1-alt-modules software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2024, Vigil Security, LLC
+# License: http://vigilsec.com/pyasn1-alt-modules-license.txt
+#
+import base64
+import sys
+
+stSpam, stHam, stDump = 0, 1, 2
+
+
+# The markers parameters is in form ('start1', 'stop1'), ('start2', 'stop2')...
+# Return is (marker-index, substrate)
+def readPemBlocksFromFile(fileObj, *markers):
+    startMarkers = dict(map(lambda x: (x[1], x[0]),
+                            enumerate(map(lambda y: y[0], markers))))
+    stopMarkers = dict(map(lambda x: (x[1], x[0]),
+                           enumerate(map(lambda y: y[1], markers))))
+    idx = -1
+    substrate = ''
+    certLines = []
+    state = stSpam
+    while True:
+        certLine = fileObj.readline()
+        if not certLine:
+            break
+        certLine = certLine.strip()
+        if state == stSpam:
+            if certLine in startMarkers:
+                certLines = []
+                idx = startMarkers[certLine]
+                state = stHam
+                continue
+        if state == stHam:
+            if certLine in stopMarkers and stopMarkers[certLine] == idx:
+                state = stDump
+            else:
+                certLines.append(certLine)
+        if state == stDump:
+            if sys.version_info[0] <= 2:
+                substrate = ''.join([base64.b64decode(x) for x in certLines])
+            else:
+                substrate = ''.encode().join([base64.b64decode(x.encode()) for x in certLines])
+            break
+    return idx, substrate
+
+
+# Backward compatibility routine
+def readPemFromFile(fileObj,
+                    startMarker='-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----',
+                    endMarker='-----END CERTIFICATE-----'):
+    idx, substrate = readPemBlocksFromFile(fileObj, (startMarker, endMarker))
+    return substrate
+
+
+def readBase64fromText(text):
+    if sys.version_info[0] <= 2:
+        return base64.b64decode(text)
+    else:
+        return base64.b64decode(text.encode())
+
+
+def readBase64FromFile(fileObj):
+    return readBase64fromText(fileObj.read())

pyasn1_alt_modules/rfc1155.py

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1-alt-modules software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2024, Vigil Security, LLC
+# License: http://vigilsec.com/pyasn1-alt-modules-license.txt
+#
+# SNMPv1 message syntax
+#
+# ASN.1 source from:
+# http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1155.txt
+#
+# Sample captures from:
+# http://wiki.wireshark.org/SampleCaptures/
+#
+from pyasn1.type import constraint
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import tag
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+
+
+class ObjectName(univ.ObjectIdentifier):
+    pass
+
+
+class SimpleSyntax(univ.Choice):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('number', univ.Integer()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('string', univ.OctetString()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('object', univ.ObjectIdentifier()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('empty', univ.Null())
+    )
+
+
+class IpAddress(univ.OctetString):
+    tagSet = univ.OctetString.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0)
+    )
+    subtypeSpec = univ.Integer.subtypeSpec + constraint.ValueSizeConstraint(
+        4, 4
+    )
+
+
+class NetworkAddress(univ.Choice):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('internet', IpAddress())
+    )
+
+
+class Counter(univ.Integer):
+    tagSet = univ.Integer.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 1)
+    )
+    subtypeSpec = univ.Integer.subtypeSpec + constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(
+        0, 4294967295
+    )
+
+
+class Gauge(univ.Integer):
+    tagSet = univ.Integer.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 2)
+    )
+    subtypeSpec = univ.Integer.subtypeSpec + constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(
+        0, 4294967295
+    )
+
+
+class TimeTicks(univ.Integer):
+    tagSet = univ.Integer.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)
+    )
+    subtypeSpec = univ.Integer.subtypeSpec + constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(
+        0, 4294967295
+    )
+
+
+class Opaque(univ.OctetString):
+    tagSet = univ.OctetString.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 4)
+    )
+
+
+class ApplicationSyntax(univ.Choice):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('address', NetworkAddress()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('counter', Counter()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('gauge', Gauge()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('ticks', TimeTicks()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('arbitrary', Opaque())
+    )
+
+
+class ObjectSyntax(univ.Choice):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('simple', SimpleSyntax()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('application-wide', ApplicationSyntax())
+    )

pyasn1_alt_modules/rfc1157.py

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1-alt-modules software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2024, Vigil Security, LLC
+# License: http://vigilsec.com/pyasn1-alt-modules-license.txt
+#
+# SNMPv1 message syntax
+#
+# ASN.1 source from:
+# http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1157.txt
+#
+# Sample captures from:
+# http://wiki.wireshark.org/SampleCaptures/
+#
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import namedval
+from pyasn1.type import tag
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+
+from pyasn1_alt_modules import rfc1155
+
+
+class Version(univ.Integer):
+    namedValues = namedval.NamedValues(
+        ('version-1', 0)
+    )
+    defaultValue = 0
+
+
+class Community(univ.OctetString):
+    pass
+
+
+class RequestID(univ.Integer):
+    pass
+
+
+class ErrorStatus(univ.Integer):
+    namedValues = namedval.NamedValues(
+        ('noError', 0),
+        ('tooBig', 1),
+        ('noSuchName', 2),
+        ('badValue', 3),
+        ('readOnly', 4),
+        ('genErr', 5)
+    )
+
+
+class ErrorIndex(univ.Integer):
+    pass
+
+
+class VarBind(univ.Sequence):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('name', rfc1155.ObjectName()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('value', rfc1155.ObjectSyntax())
+    )
+
+
+class VarBindList(univ.SequenceOf):
+    componentType = VarBind()
+
+
+class _RequestBase(univ.Sequence):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('request-id', RequestID()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('error-status', ErrorStatus()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('error-index', ErrorIndex()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('variable-bindings', VarBindList())
+    )
+
+
+class GetRequestPDU(_RequestBase):
+    tagSet = _RequestBase.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 0)
+    )
+
+
+class GetNextRequestPDU(_RequestBase):
+    tagSet = _RequestBase.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 1)
+    )
+
+
+class GetResponsePDU(_RequestBase):
+    tagSet = _RequestBase.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 2)
+    )
+
+
+class SetRequestPDU(_RequestBase):
+    tagSet = _RequestBase.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 3)
+    )
+
+
+class TrapPDU(univ.Sequence):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('enterprise', univ.ObjectIdentifier()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('agent-addr', rfc1155.NetworkAddress()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('generic-trap', univ.Integer().clone(
+            namedValues=namedval.NamedValues(('coldStart', 0), ('warmStart', 1), ('linkDown', 2), ('linkUp', 3),
+                                             ('authenticationFailure', 4), ('egpNeighborLoss', 5),
+                                             ('enterpriseSpecific', 6)))),
+        namedtype.NamedType('specific-trap', univ.Integer()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('time-stamp', rfc1155.TimeTicks()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('variable-bindings', VarBindList())
+    )
+
+
+class Pdus(univ.Choice):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('get-request', GetRequestPDU()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('get-next-request', GetNextRequestPDU()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('get-response', GetResponsePDU()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('set-request', SetRequestPDU()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('trap', TrapPDU())
+    )
+
+
+class Message(univ.Sequence):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('version', Version()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('community', Community()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('data', Pdus())
+    )

pyasn1_alt_modules/rfc1901.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1-alt-modules software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2024, Vigil Security, LLC
+# License: http://vigilsec.com/pyasn1-alt-modules-license.txt
+#
+# SNMPv2c message syntax
+#
+# ASN.1 source from:
+# http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1901.txt
+#
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import namedval
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+
+
+class Message(univ.Sequence):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('version', univ.Integer(namedValues=namedval.NamedValues(('version-2c', 1)))),
+        namedtype.NamedType('community', univ.OctetString()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('data', univ.Any())
+    )

pyasn1_alt_modules/rfc1902.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1-alt-modules software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2024, Vigil Security, LLC
+# License: http://vigilsec.com/pyasn1-alt-modules-license.txt
+#
+# SNMPv2c message syntax
+#
+# ASN.1 source from:
+# http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1902.txt
+#
+from pyasn1.type import constraint
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import tag
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+
+
+class Integer(univ.Integer):
+    subtypeSpec = univ.Integer.subtypeSpec + constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(
+        -2147483648, 2147483647
+    )
+
+
+class Integer32(univ.Integer):
+    subtypeSpec = univ.Integer.subtypeSpec + constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(
+        -2147483648, 2147483647
+    )
+
+
+class OctetString(univ.OctetString):
+    subtypeSpec = univ.Integer.subtypeSpec + constraint.ValueSizeConstraint(
+        0, 65535
+    )
+
+
+class IpAddress(univ.OctetString):
+    tagSet = univ.OctetString.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x00)
+    )
+    subtypeSpec = univ.OctetString.subtypeSpec + constraint.ValueSizeConstraint(
+        4, 4
+    )
+
+
+class Counter32(univ.Integer):
+    tagSet = univ.Integer.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x01)
+    )
+    subtypeSpec = univ.Integer.subtypeSpec + constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(
+        0, 4294967295
+    )
+
+
+class Gauge32(univ.Integer):
+    tagSet = univ.Integer.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x02)
+    )
+    subtypeSpec = univ.Integer.subtypeSpec + constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(
+        0, 4294967295
+    )
+
+
+class Unsigned32(univ.Integer):
+    tagSet = univ.Integer.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x02)
+    )
+    subtypeSpec = univ.Integer.subtypeSpec + constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(
+        0, 4294967295
+    )
+
+
+class TimeTicks(univ.Integer):
+    tagSet = univ.Integer.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x03)
+    )
+    subtypeSpec = univ.Integer.subtypeSpec + constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(
+        0, 4294967295
+    )
+
+
+class Opaque(univ.OctetString):
+    tagSet = univ.OctetString.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x04)
+    )
+
+
+class Counter64(univ.Integer):
+    tagSet = univ.Integer.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x06)
+    )
+    subtypeSpec = univ.Integer.subtypeSpec + constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(
+        0, 18446744073709551615
+    )
+
+
+class Bits(univ.OctetString):
+    pass
+
+
+class ObjectName(univ.ObjectIdentifier):
+    pass
+
+
+class SimpleSyntax(univ.Choice):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('integer-value', Integer()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('string-value', OctetString()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('objectID-value', univ.ObjectIdentifier())
+    )
+
+
+class ApplicationSyntax(univ.Choice):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('ipAddress-value', IpAddress()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('counter-value', Counter32()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('timeticks-value', TimeTicks()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('arbitrary-value', Opaque()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('big-counter-value', Counter64()),
+        # This conflicts with Counter32
+        #        namedtype.NamedType('unsigned-integer-value', Unsigned32()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('gauge32-value', Gauge32())
+    )  # BITS misplaced?
+
+
+class ObjectSyntax(univ.Choice):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('simple', SimpleSyntax()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('application-wide', ApplicationSyntax())
+    )

pyasn1_alt_modules/rfc1905.py

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1-alt-modules software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2024, Vigil Security, LLC
+# License: http://vigilsec.com/pyasn1-alt-modules-license.txt
+#
+# SNMPv2c PDU syntax
+#
+# ASN.1 source from:
+# http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1905.txt
+#
+from pyasn1.type import constraint
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import namedval
+from pyasn1.type import tag
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+
+from pyasn1_alt_modules import rfc1902
+
+max_bindings = rfc1902.Integer(2147483647)
+
+
+class _BindValue(univ.Choice):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('value', rfc1902.ObjectSyntax()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('unSpecified', univ.Null()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('noSuchObject',
+                            univ.Null().subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0))),
+        namedtype.NamedType('noSuchInstance',
+                            univ.Null().subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 1))),
+        namedtype.NamedType('endOfMibView',
+                            univ.Null().subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 2)))
+    )
+
+
+class VarBind(univ.Sequence):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('name', rfc1902.ObjectName()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('', _BindValue())
+    )
+
+
+class VarBindList(univ.SequenceOf):
+    componentType = VarBind()
+    sizeSpec = univ.SequenceOf.sizeSpec + constraint.ValueSizeConstraint(
+        0, max_bindings
+    )
+
+
+class PDU(univ.Sequence):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('request-id', rfc1902.Integer32()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('error-status', univ.Integer(
+            namedValues=namedval.NamedValues(('noError', 0), ('tooBig', 1), ('noSuchName', 2), ('badValue', 3),
+                                             ('readOnly', 4), ('genErr', 5), ('noAccess', 6), ('wrongType', 7),
+                                             ('wrongLength', 8), ('wrongEncoding', 9), ('wrongValue', 10),
+                                             ('noCreation', 11), ('inconsistentValue', 12), ('resourceUnavailable', 13),
+                                             ('commitFailed', 14), ('undoFailed', 15), ('authorizationError', 16),
+                                             ('notWritable', 17), ('inconsistentName', 18)))),
+        namedtype.NamedType('error-index',
+                            univ.Integer().subtype(subtypeSpec=constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(0, max_bindings))),
+        namedtype.NamedType('variable-bindings', VarBindList())
+    )
+
+
+class BulkPDU(univ.Sequence):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('request-id', rfc1902.Integer32()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('non-repeaters',
+                            univ.Integer().subtype(subtypeSpec=constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(0, max_bindings))),
+        namedtype.NamedType('max-repetitions',
+                            univ.Integer().subtype(subtypeSpec=constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(0, max_bindings))),
+        namedtype.NamedType('variable-bindings', VarBindList())
+    )
+
+
+class GetRequestPDU(PDU):
+    tagSet = PDU.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 0)
+    )
+
+
+class GetNextRequestPDU(PDU):
+    tagSet = PDU.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 1)
+    )
+
+
+class ResponsePDU(PDU):
+    tagSet = PDU.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 2)
+    )
+
+
+class SetRequestPDU(PDU):
+    tagSet = PDU.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 3)
+    )
+
+
+class GetBulkRequestPDU(BulkPDU):
+    tagSet = PDU.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 5)
+    )
+
+
+class InformRequestPDU(PDU):
+    tagSet = PDU.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 6)
+    )
+
+
+class SNMPv2TrapPDU(PDU):
+    tagSet = PDU.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 7)
+    )
+
+
+class ReportPDU(PDU):
+    tagSet = PDU.tagSet.tagImplicitly(
+        tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 8)
+    )
+
+
+class PDUs(univ.Choice):
+    componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+        namedtype.NamedType('get-request', GetRequestPDU()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('get-next-request', GetNextRequestPDU()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('get-bulk-request', GetBulkRequestPDU()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('response', ResponsePDU()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('set-request', SetRequestPDU()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('inform-request', InformRequestPDU()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('snmpV2-trap', SNMPv2TrapPDU()),
+        namedtype.NamedType('report', ReportPDU())
+    )

pyasn1_alt_modules/rfc2040.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1-alt-modules software.
+#
+# Created by Russ Housley.
+# Modified by Russ Housley to include the opentypemap manager and
+#   update the S/MIME Capability map.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2024, Vigil Security, LLC
+# License: http://vigilsec.com/pyasn1-alt-modules-license.txt
+#
+# Identifiers for RC5
+#
+# ASN.1 source from:
+# https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2040.txt
+# https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8018.txt
+#
+
+from pyasn1_alt_modules import rfc5280
+from pyasn1_alt_modules import rfc8018
+from pyasn1_alt_modules import opentypemap
+
+algorithmIdentifierMap = opentypemap.get('algorithmIdentifierMap')
+
+smimeCapabilityMap = opentypemap.get('smimeCapabilityMap')
+
+
+# The same RC5 object identifiers are defined in RFC 8018
+
+encryptionAlgorithm = rfc8018.encryptionAlgorithm
+
+rc5_CBC = encryptionAlgorithm + (8, )
+
+rc5_CBC_PAD = rfc8018.rc5_CBC_PAD
+
+
+# The RC5 CBC parameters are defined in RFC 8018
+
+RC5_CBC_Parameters = rfc8018.RC5_CBC_Parameters
+
+
+# Update the Algorithm Identifier Map and the S/MIME Capability Map
+# for the one not already handled by importing rfc8018.
+
+_algorithmIdentifierMapUpdate = {
+    rc5_CBC: RC5_CBC_Parameters(),
+}
+
+algorithmIdentifierMap.update(_algorithmIdentifierMapUpdate)
+
+smimeCapabilityMap.update(_algorithmIdentifierMapUpdate)