pyGSTi 0.9.12.1__cp310-cp310-win32.whl → 0.9.13__cp310-cp310-win32.whl

pygsti/io/legacyio.py

@@ -1,385 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Functions for allowing old-vesion objects to unpickle load.
-"""
-#***************************************************************************************************
-# Copyright 2015, 2019 National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC (NTESS).
-# Under the terms of Contract DE-NA0003525 with NTESS, the U.S. Government retains certain rights
-# in this software.
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
-# in compliance with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 or in the LICENSE file in the root pyGSTi directory.
-#***************************************************************************************************
-
-
-#These functions no longer work, and the changes have become too great to retain
-# backward compatibility with old versions.  Keep this commented code around
-# for potentially adding similar functionality in future versions.
-#
-#import numbers as _numbers
-#import sys as _sys
-#from contextlib import contextmanager as _contextmanager
-#from types import ModuleType as _ModuleType
-#
-#from .. import objects as _objs
-#from .. import circuits as _circuits
-#from ..circuits import circuit as _circuit
-#from ..objects.replib import slowreplib as _slow
-#
-#
-#@_contextmanager
-#def enable_no_cython_unpickling():
-#    """
-#    Context manager for unpickling objects constructed *with* Cython extensions.
-#
-#    A context manager enabling the un-pickling of pyGSTi objects that
-#    were constructed on a system *with* pyGSTi's C-extensions, when the
-#    current system's pyGSTi does not have these extensions.
-#    """
-#
-#    class dummy_DMStateRep(object):
-#        def __new__(cls, data, reducefix):
-#            #replacement_obj = _slow.DMStateRep.__new__(_slow.DMStateRep)
-#            replacement_obj = _slow.DMStateRep(data, reducefix)
-#            return replacement_obj
-#
-#    class dummy_DMEffectRepDense(object):
-#        def __new__(cls, data, reducefix):
-#            #replacement_obj = _slow.DMEffectRepDense.__new__(_slow.DMEffectRepDense)
-#            replacement_obj = _slow.DMEffectRepDense(data, reducefix)
-#            return replacement_obj
-#
-#    class dummy_DMOpRepDense(object):
-#        def __new__(cls, data, reducefix):
-#            #replacement_obj = _slow.DMOpRepDense.__new__(_slow.DMEffectRepDense)
-#            replacement_obj = _slow.DMOpRepDense(data, reducefix)
-#            return replacement_obj
-#
-#    assert(_sys.modules.get('pygsti.objects.replib.fastreplib', None) is None), \
-#        "You should only use this function when they Cython extensions are *not* built!"
-#    fastreplib = _ModuleType("fastreplib")
-#    fastreplib.DMStateRep = dummy_DMStateRep
-#    fastreplib.DMEffectRepDense = dummy_DMEffectRepDense
-#    fastreplib.DMOpRepDense = dummy_DMOpRepDense
-#    _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.replib.fastreplib'] = fastreplib
-#
-#    yield
-#
-#    del _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.replib.fastreplib']
-#
-#
-#@_contextmanager
-#def enable_old_object_unpickling(old_version="0.9.6"):
-#    """
-#    Context manager enabling unpickling of old-verion objects.
-#
-#    Returns a context manager which enables the unpickling of old-version (
-#    back to 0.9.6 and sometimes prior) objects.
-#
-#    Parameters
-#    ----------
-#    old_version : str, optional
-#        The string representation of the old version whose pickle files you'd
-#        like to unpickle. E.g., `"0.9.7"`
-#    """
-#    def totup(v): return tuple(map(int, v.split('.')))
-#    old_version = totup(old_version)
-#
-#    if old_version < totup("0.9.6"):
-#        raise ValueError(("Cannot unpickle files from version < 0.9.6 with this version."
-#                          "  Revert back to 0.9.6 and update to 0.9.6 first."))
-#
-#    if old_version == totup("0.9.6"):
-#        class dummy_GateString(object):
-#            def __new__(cls):
-#                replacement_obj = _circuit.Circuit.__new__(_circuit.Circuit)
-#                return replacement_obj
-#
-#        def GateString_setstate(self, state):
-#            s = state['_str'] if '_str' in state else state['str']
-#            c = _objs.Circuit(state['_tup'], stringrep=s)
-#            #OLD: self.__dict__.update(c.__dict__)
-#            return c.__dict__  # now just return updated Circuit state
-#
-#        class dummy_CompressedGateString(object):
-#            def __new__(cls):
-#                replacement_obj = _circuit.CompressedCircuit.__new__(_circuit.CompressedCircuit)
-#                return replacement_obj
-#
-#        class dummy_GateSet(object):
-#            def __new__(cls):
-#                replacement_obj = _objs.ExplicitOpModel.__new__(_objs.ExplicitOpModel)
-#                return replacement_obj
-#
-#        class dummy_GateMatrixCalc(object):
-#            def __new__(cls):
-#                replacement_obj = _objs.MatrixForwardSimulator.__new__(_objs.MatrixForwardSimulator)
-#                return replacement_obj
-#
-#        class dummy_AutoGator(object): pass
-#        class dummy_SimpleCompositionAutoGator(object): pass
-#
-#        class dummy_LindbladParameterizedGate(object):
-#            def __new__(cls):
-#                replacement_obj = _objs.LindbladDenseOp.__new__(_objs.LindbladDenseOp)
-#                return replacement_obj
-#
-#        def Lind_setstate(self, state):
-#            assert(not state['sparse']), "Can only unpickle old *dense* LindbladParameterizedGate objects"
-#            g = _objs.LindbladDenseOp.from_operation_matrix(state['base'], state['unitary_postfactor'],
-#                                                            ham_basis=state['ham_basis'],
-#                                                            nonham_basis=state['other_basis'],
-#                                                            param_mode=state['param_mode'],
-#                                                            nonham_mode=state['nonham_mode'], truncate=True,
-#                                                            mx_basis=state['matrix_basis'], evotype=state['_evotype'])
-#            self.__dict__.update(g.__dict__)
-#
-#        def ModelMember_setstate(self, state):
-#            if "dirty" in state:  # .dirty was replaced with ._dirty
-#                state['_dirty'] = state['dirty']
-#                del state['dirty']
-#            self.__dict__.update(state)
-#
-#        #Modules
-#        gatestring = _ModuleType("gatestring")
-#        gatestring.GateString = dummy_GateString
-#        gatestring.CompressedGateString = dummy_CompressedGateString
-#        _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.gatestring'] = gatestring
-#        #_objs.circuit.Circuit.__setstate__ = GateString_setstate Never needed now
-#
-#        gateset = _ModuleType("gateset")
-#        gateset.GateSet = dummy_GateSet
-#        _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.gateset'] = gateset
-#
-#        gate = _ModuleType("gate")
-#        gate.EigenvalueParameterizedGate = _objs.EigenvalueParamDenseOp
-#        gate.LinearlyParameterizedGate = _objs.LinearlyParamDenseOp
-#        #gate.LindbladParameterizedGateMap = _objs.LindbladOp # no upgrade code for this yet
-#        gate.LindbladParameterizedGate = dummy_LindbladParameterizedGate
-#        _objs.LindbladDenseOp.__setstate__ = Lind_setstate  # dummy_LindbladParameterizedGate.__setstate__
-#        gate.FullyParameterizedGate = _objs.FullDenseOp
-#        gate.TPParameterizedGate = _objs.TPDenseOp
-#        gate.GateMatrix = _objs.DenseOperator
-#        gate.ComposedGateMap = _objs.ComposedOp
-#        gate.EmbeddedGateMap = _objs.EmbeddedOp
-#        gate.ComposedGate = _objs.ComposedDenseOp
-#        gate.EmbeddedGate = _objs.EmbeddedDenseOp
-#        gate.StaticGate = _objs.StaticDenseOp
-#        gate.LinearlyParameterizedElementTerm = _objs.operation.LinearlyParameterizedElementTerm
-#        #MapOp = _objs.MapOperator
-#        _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.gate'] = gate
-#
-#        # spamvec = _ModuleType("spamvec") #already exists - just add to it
-#        spamvec = _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.spamvec']
-#        spamvec.LindbladParameterizedSPAMVec = _objs.LindbladSPAMVec
-#        spamvec.FullyParameterizedSPAMVec = _objs.FullSPAMVec
-#        spamvec.CPTPParameterizedSPAMVec = _objs.CPTPSPAMVec
-#        spamvec.TPParameterizedSPAMVec = _objs.TPSPAMVec
-#
-#        povm = _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.povm']
-#        povm.LindbladParameterizedPOVM = _objs.LindbladPOVM
-#
-#        #Don't need class logic here b/c we just store the class itself in a model object:
-#        gatematrixcalc = _ModuleType("gatematrixcalc")
-#        gatematrixcalc.GateMatrixCalc = _objs.matrixforwardsim.MatrixForwardSimulator  # dummy_GateMatrixCalc
-#        _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.gatematrixcalc'] = gatematrixcalc
-#
-#        autogator = _ModuleType("autogator")
-#        autogator.AutoGator = dummy_AutoGator
-#        autogator.SimpleCompositionAutoGator = dummy_SimpleCompositionAutoGator
-#        _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.autogator'] = autogator
-#
-#        #These have been removed now!
-#        #gatestringstructure = _ModuleType("gatestringstructure")
-#        #gatestringstructure.GatestringPlaquette = _objs.circuitstructure.CircuitPlaquette
-#        #gatestringstructure.GateStringStructure = _objs.CircuitStructure
-#        #gatestringstructure.LsGermsStructure = _objs.LsGermsStructure
-#
-#        #_sys.modules['pygsti.objects.gatestringstructure'] = gatestringstructure
-#
-#        _objs.modelmember.ModelMember.__setstate__ = ModelMember_setstate
-#
-#    if old_version <= totup("0.9.7.1"):
-#        class dummy_Basis(object):
-#            def __new__(cls):
-#                replacement_obj = _objs.basis.BuiltinBasis.__new__(_objs.basis.BuiltinBasis)
-#                return replacement_obj
-#
-#            def __setstate__(self, state):
-#                return Basis_setstate(self, state)
-#
-#        def Basis_setstate(self, state):
-#            if "labels" in state:  # .label was replaced with ._label
-#                state['_labels'] = state['labels']
-#                del state['labels']
-#
-#            if "name" in state and state['name'] in ('pp', 'std', 'gm', 'qt', 'unknown') and 'dim' in state:
-#                dim = state['dim'].opDim if hasattr(state['dim'], 'opDim') else state['dim']
-#                assert(isinstance(dim, _numbers.Integral))
-#                sparse = state['sparse'] if ('sparse' in state) else False
-#                newBasis = _objs.BuiltinBasis(state['name'], int(dim), sparse)
-#                self.__class__ = _objs.basis.BuiltinBasis
-#                self.__dict__.update(newBasis.__dict__)
-#            else:
-#                raise ValueError("Can only load old *builtin* basis objects!")
-#
-#        class dummy_Dim(object):
-#            def __setstate__(self, state):  # was Dim_setstate
-#                if "gateDim" in state:  # .label was replaced with ._label
-#                    state['opDim'] = state['gateDim']
-#                    del state['gateDim']
-#                self.__dict__.update(state)
-#
-#        def StateSpaceLabels_setstate(self, state):
-#            squared_labeldims = {k: int(d**2) for k, d in state['labeldims'].items()}
-#            squared_dims = [tuple((squared_labeldims[lbl] for lbl in tpbLbls))
-#                            for tpbLbls in state['labels']]
-#            sslbls = _objs.StateSpaceLabels(state['labels'], squared_dims)
-#            self.__dict__.update(sslbls.__dict__)
-#
-#            #DEBUG!!!
-#            #print("!!setstate:")
-#            #print(state)
-#            #assert(False),"STOP"
-#
-#        def Circuit_setstate(self, state):
-#            if old_version == totup("0.9.6"):  # b/c this clobbers older-version upgrade
-#                state = GateString_setstate(self, state)
-#
-#            if 'line_labels' in state: line_labels = state['line_labels']
-#            elif '_line_labels' in state: line_labels = state['_line_labels']
-#            else: raise ValueError("Cannot determing line labels from old Circuit state: %s" % str(state.keys()))
-#
-#            if state['_str']:  # then rely on string rep to init new circuit
-#                c = _objs.Circuit(None, line_labels, editable=not state['_static'], stringrep=state['_str'])
-#            else:
-#
-#                if 'labels' in state: labels = state['labels']
-#                elif '_labels' in state: labels = state['_labels']
-#                else: raise ValueError("Cannot determing labels from old Circuit state: %s" % str(state.keys()))
-#                c = _objs.Circuit(labels, line_labels, editable=not state['_static'])
-#
-#            self.__dict__.update(c.__dict__)
-#
-#        def Hack_CompressedCircuit_expand(self):
-#            """ Hacked version to rely on string rep & re-parse if it's there """
-#            return _objs.Circuit(None, self._line_labels, editable=False, stringrep=self._str)
-#
-#        def SPAMVec_setstate(self, state):
-#            if "dirty" in state:  # backward compat: .dirty was replaced with ._dirty in ModelMember
-#                state['_dirty'] = state['dirty']; del state['dirty']
-#            self.__dict__.update(state)
-#
-#        dim = _ModuleType("dim")
-#        dim.Dim = dummy_Dim
-#        _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.dim'] = dim
-#
-#        #_objs.basis.saved_Basis = _objs.basis.Basis
-#        #_objs.basis.Basis = dummy_Basis
-#        _objs.basis.Basis.__setstate__ = Basis_setstate
-#        _circuits.circuit.Circuit.__setstate__ = Circuit_setstate
-#        _objs.labeldicts.StateSpaceLabels.__setstate__ = StateSpaceLabels_setstate
-#        _circuits.circuit.CompressedCircuit.saved_expand = pygsti.circuits.circuit.CompressedCircuit.expand
-#        _circuits.circuit.CompressedCircuit.expand = Hack_CompressedCircuit_expand
-#        _objs.spamvec.SPAMVec.__setstate__ = SPAMVec_setstate
-#
-#    if old_version < totup("0.9.9"):
-#
-#        def SPAMVec_setstate(self, state):
-#            #Note: include "dirty"
-#            if old_version <= totup("0.9.7.1"):  # b/c this clobbers older-version upgrade
-#                if "dirty" in state:  # backward compat: .dirty was replaced with ._dirty in ModelMember
-#                    state['_dirty'] = state['dirty']; del state['dirty']
-#            if "_prep_or_effect" not in state:
-#                state['_prep_or_effect'] = "unknown"
-#            if "base1D" not in state and 'base' in state:
-#                state['base1D'] = state['base'].flatten()
-#                del state['base']
-#
-#            self.__dict__.update(state)
-#
-#        #HERE TODO: need to remake/add ._reps to all spam & operation objects
-#
-#        _objs.spamvec.SPAMVec.__setstate__ = SPAMVec_setstate
-#
-#        # Compatibility with refactored `baseobjs` API
-#        _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.smartcache'] = _objs.smartcache
-#        _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.verbosityprinter'] = _objs.verbosityprinter
-#        _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.profiler'] = pygsti.baseobjs.profiler
-#        _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.protectedarray'] = _objs.protectedarray
-#        _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.objectivefns'] = pygsti.objectivefns.objectivefns
-#        _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.basis'] = _objs.basis
-#        _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.label'] = _objs.label
-#
-#    if old_version < totup("0.9.9.1"):
-#
-#        def DenseOperator_setstate(self, state):
-#            if "base" in state:
-#                del state['base']
-#            self.__dict__.update(state)
-#
-#        def DenseSPAMVec_setstate(self, state):
-#            if old_version <= totup("0.9.9"):  # b/c this clobbers (or shadows) older-version upgrade
-#                if old_version <= totup("0.9.7.1"):  # b/c this clobbers older-version upgrade
-#                    if "dirty" in state:  # backward compat: .dirty was replaced with ._dirty in ModelMember
-#                        state['_dirty'] = state['dirty']; del state['dirty']
-#                if "_prep_or_effect" not in state:
-#                    state['_prep_or_effect'] = "unknown"
-#                if "base1D" not in state and 'base' in state:
-#                    state['base1D'] = state['base'].flatten()
-#                    del state['base']
-#
-#            if "base" in state:
-#                del state['base']
-#            if "base1D" in state:
-#                del state['base1D']
-#            self.__dict__.update(state)
-#
-#        _objs.spamvec.DenseSPAMVec.__setstate__ = DenseSPAMVec_setstate
-#        _objs.operation.DenseOperator.__setstate__ = DenseOperator_setstate
-#
-#    yield  # body of context-manager block
-#
-#    if old_version <= totup("0.9.6"):
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.gatestring']
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.gateset']
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.gate']
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.gatematrixcalc']
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.autogator']
-#        #del _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.gatestringstructure']
-#
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.spamvec'].LindbladParameterizedSPAMVec
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.spamvec'].FullyParameterizedSPAMVec
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.spamvec'].CPTPParameterizedSPAMVec
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.spamvec'].TPParameterizedSPAMVec
-#
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.objects.povm'].LindbladParameterizedPOVM
-#
-#        delattr(_objs.Circuit, '__setstate__')
-#        delattr(_objs.LindbladDenseOp, '__setstate__')
-#        delattr(_objs.modelmember.ModelMember, '__setstate__')
-#
-#    if old_version <= totup("0.9.7.1"):
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.dim']
-#        delattr(_objs.Basis, '__setstate__')
-#        delattr(_objs.labeldicts.StateSpaceLabels, '__setstate__')
-#        if hasattr(_objs.Circuit, '__setstate__'):  # b/c above block may have already deleted this
-#            delattr(_objs.Circuit, '__setstate__')
-#        pygsti.circuits.circuit.CompressedCircuit.expand = pygsti.circuits.circuit.CompressedCircuit.saved_expand
-#        delattr(pygsti.circuits.circuit.CompressedCircuit, 'saved_expand')
-#        delattr(_objs.spamvec.SPAMVec, '__setstate__')
-#
-#    if old_version < totup("0.9.9"):
-#        if hasattr(_objs.spamvec.SPAMVec, '__setstate__'):  # b/c above block may have already deleted this
-#            delattr(_objs.spamvec.SPAMVec, '__setstate__')
-#
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.smartcache']
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.verbosityprinter']
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.profiler']
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.protectedarray']
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.objectivefns']
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.basis']
-#        del _sys.modules['pygsti.baseobjs.label']
-#
-#    if old_version < totup("0.9.9.1"):
-#        delattr(_objs.spamvec.DenseSPAMVec, '__setstate__')
-#        delattr(_objs.operation.DenseOperator, '__setstate__')

pygsti/modelmembers/povms/denseeffect.py

@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-
-
-#UNUSED - I think we can remove this
-#class DensePOVMEffect(_POVMEffect):
-#    """
-#    A POVM effect vector that behaves like a numpy array.
-#
-#    This class is the common base class for parameterizations of an effect vector
-#    that have a dense representation and can be accessed like a numpy array.
-#
-#    Parameters
-#    ----------
-#    vec : numpy.ndarray
-#        The effect vector as a dense numpy array.
-#
-#    evotype : EvoType
-#        The evolution type.
-#
-#    Attributes
-#    ----------
-#    _base_1d : numpy.ndarray
-#        Direct access to the underlying 1D array.
-#
-#    base : numpy.ndarray
-#        Direct access the the underlying data as column vector,
-#        i.e, a (dim,1)-shaped array.
-#    """
-#
-#    def __init__(self, vec, evotype):
-#        #dtype = complex if evotype == "statevec" else 'd'
-#        vec = _np.asarray(vec, dtype='d')
-#        vec.shape = (vec.size,)  # just store 1D array flatten
-#        vec = _np.require(vec, requirements=['OWNDATA', 'C_CONTIGUOUS'])
-#        evotype = _Evotype.cast(evotype)
-#        rep = evotype.create_dense_effect_rep(vec)
-#        super(DensePOVMEffect, self).__init__(rep, evotype)
-#        assert(self._base_1d.flags['C_CONTIGUOUS'] and self._base_1d.flags['OWNDATA'])
-#
-#    def to_dense(self, scratch=None):
-#        """
-#        Return this effect vector as a (dense) numpy array.
-#
-#        The memory in `scratch` maybe used when it is not-None.
-#
-#        Parameters
-#        ----------
-#        scratch : numpy.ndarray, optional
-#            scratch space available for use.
-#
-#        Returns
-#        -------
-#        numpy.ndarray
-#        """
-#        #don't use scratch since we already have memory allocated
-#        return self._base_1d  # *must* be a numpy array for Cython arg conversion
-#
-#    @property
-#    def _base_1d(self):
-#        """
-#        Direct access to the underlying 1D array.
-#        """
-#        return self._rep.base
-#
-#    @property
-#    def base(self):
-#        """
-#        Direct access the the underlying data as column vector, i.e, a (dim,1)-shaped array.
-#        """
-#        bv = self._base_1d.view()
-#        bv.shape = (bv.size, 1)  # 'base' is by convention a (N,1)-shaped array
-#        return bv
-#
-#    def __copy__(self):
-#        # We need to implement __copy__ because we defer all non-existing
-#        # attributes to self.base (a numpy array) which *has* a __copy__
-#        # implementation that we don't want to use, as it results in just a
-#        # copy of the numpy array.
-#        cls = self.__class__
-#        cpy = cls.__new__(cls)
-#        cpy.__dict__.update(self.__dict__)
-#        return cpy
-#
-#    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
-#        # We need to implement __deepcopy__ because we defer all non-existing
-#        # attributes to self.base (a numpy array) which *has* a __deepcopy__
-#        # implementation that we don't want to use, as it results in just a
-#        # copy of the numpy array.
-#        cls = self.__class__
-#        cpy = cls.__new__(cls)
-#        memo[id(self)] = cpy
-#        for k, v in self.__dict__.items():
-#            setattr(cpy, k, _copy.deepcopy(v, memo))
-#        return cpy
-#
-#    #Access to underlying array
-#    def __getitem__(self, key):
-#        self.dirty = True
-#        return self.base.__getitem__(key)
-#
-#    def __getslice__(self, i, j):
-#        self.dirty = True
-#        return self.__getitem__(slice(i, j))  # Called for A[:]
-#
-#    def __setitem__(self, key, val):
-#        self.dirty = True
-#        return self.base.__setitem__(key, val)
-#
-#    def __getattr__(self, attr):
-#        #use __dict__ so no chance for recursive __getattr__
-#        if '_rep' in self.__dict__:  # sometimes in loading __getattr__ gets called before the instance is loaded
-#            ret = getattr(self.base, attr)
-#        else:
-#            raise AttributeError("No attribute:", attr)
-#        self.dirty = True
-#        return ret
-#
-#    #Mimic array
-#    def __pos__(self): return self.base
-#    def __neg__(self): return -self.base
-#    def __abs__(self): return abs(self.base)
-#    def __add__(self, x): return self.base + x
-#    def __radd__(self, x): return x + self.base
-#    def __sub__(self, x): return self.base - x
-#    def __rsub__(self, x): return x - self.base
-#    def __mul__(self, x): return self.base * x
-#    def __rmul__(self, x): return x * self.base
-#    def __truediv__(self, x): return self.base / x
-#    def __rtruediv__(self, x): return x / self.base
-#    def __floordiv__(self, x): return self.base // x
-#    def __rfloordiv__(self, x): return x // self.base
-#    def __pow__(self, x): return self.base ** x
-#    def __eq__(self, x): return self.base == x
-#    def __len__(self): return len(self.base)
-#    def __int__(self): return int(self.base)
-#    def __long__(self): return int(self.base)
-#    def __float__(self): return float(self.base)
-#    def __complex__(self): return complex(self.base)
-#
-#    def __str__(self):
-#        s = "%s with dimension %d\n" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.dim)
-#        s += _mt.mx_to_string(self.to_dense(), width=4, prec=2)
-#        return s