pyEQL 1.4.0rc9__cp313-cp313-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

pyEQL/phreeqc/ext/iphreeqc-3.8.6-17100/gtest/phreeqc.dat.90a6449

@@ -0,0 +1,1935 @@
+# PHREEQC.DAT for calculating temperature and pressure dependence of reactions, and the specific conductance and viscosity of the solution. Based on:
+#   diffusion coefficients and molal volumina of aqueous species, solubility and volume of minerals, and critical temperatures and pressures of gases in Peng-Robinson's EOS.
+# Details are given at the end of this file.
+
+SOLUTION_MASTER_SPECIES
+#
+#element	species	alk	gfw_formula	element_gfw
+#
+H		H+	-1.0	H		1.008
+H(0)		H2	0	H
+H(1)		H+	-1.0	0
+E		e-	0	0.0		0
+O		H2O	0	O		16.0
+O(0)		O2	0	O
+O(-2)		H2O	0	0
+Ca		Ca+2	0	Ca		40.08
+Mg		Mg+2	0	Mg		24.312
+Na		Na+	0	Na		22.9898
+K		K+	0	K		39.102
+Fe		Fe+2	0	Fe		55.847
+Fe(+2)		Fe+2	0	Fe
+Fe(+3)		Fe+3	-2.0	Fe
+Mn		Mn+2	0	Mn		54.938
+Mn(+2)		Mn+2	0	Mn
+Mn(+3)		Mn+3	0	Mn
+Al		Al+3	0	Al		26.9815
+Ba		Ba+2	0	Ba		137.34
+Sr		Sr+2	0	Sr		87.62
+Si		H4SiO4	0	SiO2		28.0843
+Cl		Cl-	0	Cl		35.453
+C		CO3-2	2.0	HCO3		12.0111
+C(+4)		CO3-2	2.0	HCO3
+C(-4)		CH4	0	CH4
+Alkalinity	CO3-2	1.0	Ca0.5(CO3)0.5	50.05
+S		SO4-2	0	SO4		32.064
+S(6)		SO4-2	0	SO4
+S(-2)		HS-	1.0	S
+N		NO3-	0	N		14.0067
+N(+5)		NO3-	0	N
+N(+3)		NO2-	0	N
+N(0)		N2	0	N
+N(-3)		NH4+	0	N		14.0067
+#Amm		AmmH+	0	AmmH		17.031
+B		H3BO3	0	B		10.81
+P		PO4-3	2.0	P		30.9738
+F		F-	0	F		18.9984
+Li		Li+	0	Li		6.939
+Br		Br-	0	Br		79.904
+Zn		Zn+2	0	Zn		65.37
+Cd		Cd+2	0	Cd		112.4
+Pb		Pb+2	0	Pb		207.19
+Cu		Cu+2	0	Cu		63.546
+Cu(+2)		Cu+2	0	Cu
+Cu(+1)		Cu+1	0	Cu
+# redox-uncoupled gases
+Hdg		Hdg	0	Hdg		2.016 # H2 gas
+Oxg		Oxg	0	Oxg		32 # O2 gas
+Mtg		Mtg	0	Mtg		16.032 # CH4 gas
+Sg		H2Sg	 0.0	H2Sg		32.064 # H2S gas
+Ntg		Ntg	0	Ntg		28.0134 # N2 gas
+
+SOLUTION_SPECIES
+H+ = H+
+	-gamma	9.0	0
+	-dw	9.31e-9  1000  0.46  1e-10 # The dw parameters are defined in ref. 3.
+# Dw(TK) = 9.31e-9 * exp(1000 / TK - 1000 / 298.15) * viscos_0_25 / viscos_0_tc
+# Dw(I) = Dw(TK) * exp(-0.46 * DH_A * |z_H+| * I^0.5 / (1 + DH_B * I^0.5 * 1e-10 / (1 + I^0.75)))
+	-viscosity  9.35e-2  -8.31e-2  2.487e-2  4.49e-4  2.01e-2  1.570 # for viscosity parameters see ref. 4
+e- = e-
+H2O = H2O
+# H2O + 0.01e- = H2O-0.01; -log_k -9 # aids convergence
+Ca+2 = Ca+2
+	-gamma	5.0	0.1650
+	-dw	0.793e-9  97  3.4  24.6
+	-Vm  -0.3456  -7.252  6.149  -2.479  1.239  5  1.60  -57.1  -6.12e-3  1 # The apparent volume parameters are defined in ref. 1 & 2
+	-viscosity  0.359  -0.158  4.2e-2  1.5e-3  8.04e-3  2.30 # ref. 4, CaCl2 < 6 M
+Mg+2 = Mg+2
+	-gamma	5.5	0.20
+	-dw	0.705e-9  111  2.4  13.7
+	-Vm  -1.410  -8.6  11.13  -2.39  1.332  5.5  1.29  -32.9  -5.86e-3  1
+	-viscosity  0.426  0  0  1.66e-3  4.32e-3  2.461
+Na+ = Na+
+	-gamma	4.0	 0.075
+	-gamma	4.08 0.082 # halite solubility
+	-dw	1.33e-9  122  1.52  3.70
+	-Vm   2.28  -4.38  -4.1  -0.586  0.09  4  0.3  52  -3.33e-3  0.566
+# for calculating densities (rho) when I > 3...
+	# -Vm   2.28  -4.38  -4.1  -0.586  0.09  4  0.3  52  -3.33e-3  0.45
+	-viscosity  0.1387  -8.66e-2  1.25e-2  1.45e-2  7.5e-3  1.062
+K+ = K+
+	-gamma	3.5	0.015
+	-dw	1.96e-9  395  2.5  21
+	-Vm  3.322  -1.473  6.534  -2.712  9.06e-2  3.5  0  29.7  0  1
+	-viscosity  0.116  -0.191  1.52e-2  1.40e-2  2.59e-2  0.9028
+Fe+2 = Fe+2
+	-gamma	6.0	0
+	-dw	 0.719e-9
+	-Vm  -0.3255  -9.687  1.536  -2.379  0.3033  6  -4.21e-2  39.7  0  1
+Mn+2 = Mn+2
+	-gamma	6.0	0
+	-dw	 0.688e-9
+	-Vm  -1.10  -8.03  4.08  -2.45  1.4  6  8.07  0  -1.51e-2  0.118
+Al+3 = Al+3
+	-gamma	9.0	0
+	-dw	 0.559e-9
+	-Vm   -2.28  -17.1  10.9  -2.07  2.87  9  0  0  5.5e-3  1 # ref. 2 and Barta and Hepler, 1986, Can. J.C. 64, 353.
+Ba+2 = Ba+2
+	-gamma  5.0  0
+	-gamma	4.0  0.153 # Barite solubility
+	-dw 0.848e-9  100
+	-Vm  2.063  -10.06  1.9534  -2.36  0.4218  5  1.58  -12.03  -8.35e-3  1
+	-viscosity  0.338  -0.227  1.39e-2  3.07e-2  0  0.768
+Sr+2 = Sr+2
+	-gamma	5.260	0.121
+	-dw	 0.794e-9  161
+	-Vm  -1.57e-2  -10.15  10.18  -2.36  0.860  5.26  0.859  -27.0  -4.1e-3  1.97
+	-viscosity  0.472  -0.252  5.51e-3  3.67e-3  0  1.876
+H4SiO4 = H4SiO4
+	-dw	 1.10e-9
+	-Vm  10.5  1.7  20  -2.7  0.1291 # supcrt + 2*H2O in a1
+Cl- = Cl-
+	-gamma	3.5	  0.015
+	-gamma	3.63  0.017 # cf. pitzer.dat
+	-dw	2.03e-9  194  1.6  6.9
+	-Vm  4.465  4.801  4.325  -2.847  1.748  0  -0.331  20.16  0  1
+	-viscosity   0  0  0  0  0  0  1 # the reference solute
+CO3-2 = CO3-2
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+        -dw	0.955e-9  28.9  14.3  98.1
+	-Vm  8.69  -10.2  -20.31  -0.131  4.65  0  3.75  0  -4.04e-2  0.678
+	-viscosity  0  0.301  4.12e-2  1.44e-3  1.41e-2  1.364  -2.00
+SO4-2 = SO4-2
+	-gamma	5.0	-0.04
+	-dw	1.07e-9  187  2.64  22.6
+        -Vm  9.379  3.26  0  -7.13  4.30  0  0  0  -3.73e-2  0 # with analytical_expressions for log K of NaSO4-, KSO4- & MgSO4, 0 - 200 oC
+	-viscosity  -1.83  1.907  4.8e-4  1.7e-3  -1.60e-2  4.40  -0.143
+NO3- = NO3-
+	-gamma	3.0	0
+	-dw	1.9e-9  184  1.85  3.85
+	-Vm  6.32  6.78  0  -3.06  0.346  0  0.93  0  -0.012  1
+	-viscosity  8.37e-2  -0.458  1.54e-2  0.340  1.79e-2  5.02e-2  0.7381
+#AmmH+ = AmmH+
+#	-gamma	2.5	0
+#	-dw	1.98e-9  312  0.95  4.53
+#	-Vm  4.837  2.345  5.522  -2.88 1.096  3  -1.456  75.0  7.17e-3  1
+#	-viscosity  9.9e-2  -0.159  1.36e-2  6.51e-3  3.21e-2  0.972
+H3BO3 = H3BO3
+	-dw	1.1e-9
+	-Vm 7.0643  8.8547  3.5844  -3.1451 -.2000  # supcrt
+PO4-3 = PO4-3
+	-gamma	4.0	0
+	-dw	 0.612e-9
+	-Vm   1.24  -9.07  9.31  -2.4  5.61  0  0  0  -1.41e-2  1
+F- = F-
+	-gamma	3.5	0
+	-dw	 1.46e-9  10
+	-Vm   0.928  1.36  6.27  -2.84  1.84  0  0  -0.318  0  1
+Li+ = Li+
+	-gamma	6.0	0
+	-dw	 1.03e-9  80
+	-Vm  -0.419  -0.069  13.16  -2.78  0.416  0  0.296  -12.4  -2.74e-3  1.26 # ref. 2 and Ellis, 1968, J. Chem. Soc. A, 1138
+	-viscosity  0.162  -2.45e-2  3.73e-2  9.7e-4  8.1e-4  2.087
+Br- = Br-
+	-gamma	3.0	0
+	-dw	 2.01e-9  258
+	-Vm   6.72  2.85  4.21  -3.14  1.38  0  -9.56e-2  7.08  -1.56e-3  1
+	-viscosity  -1.15e-2  -5.75e-2  5.72e-2  1.46e-2  0.116  0.9295  0.820
+Zn+2 = Zn+2
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+	-dw	 0.715e-9
+	-Vm  -1.96  -10.4  14.3  -2.35  1.46  5  -1.43  24  1.67e-2  1.11
+Cd+2 = Cd+2
+	-dw	 0.717e-9
+	-Vm   1.63  -10.7  1.01  -2.34  1.47  5  0  0  0  1
+Pb+2 = Pb+2
+	-dw	 0.945e-9
+	-Vm  -.0051  -7.7939  8.8134  -2.4568  1.0788 4.5 # supcrt
+Cu+2 = Cu+2
+	-gamma	6.0	0
+	-dw	 0.733e-9
+	-Vm   -1.13  -10.5  7.29  -2.35  1.61  6  9.78e-2  0  3.42e-3  1
+# redox-uncoupled gases
+Hdg = Hdg # H2
+	-dw	 5.13e-9
+	-Vm 6.52  0.78  0.12 # supcrt
+Oxg = Oxg # O2
+	-dw	 2.35e-9
+	-Vm  5.7889  6.3536  3.2528  -3.0417  -0.3943 # supcrt
+Mtg = Mtg # CH4
+	-dw   1.85e-9
+	-Vm   9.01  -1.11  0  -1.85  -1.50 # Hnedkovsky et al., 1996, JCT 28, 125
+Ntg = Ntg # N2
+	-dw	 1.96e-9  -90 # Cadogan et al. 2014, JCED 59, 519
+	-Vm 7 # Pray et al., 1952, IEC 44. 1146
+H2Sg = H2Sg # H2S
+	-dw	 2.1e-9
+        -Vm  1.39  28.3  0  -7.22  -0.59 # Hnedkovsky et al., 1996, JCT 28, 125
+# aqueous species
+H2O = OH- + H+
+	-analytic  293.29227  0.1360833  -10576.913  -123.73158  0  -6.996455e-5
+	-gamma	3.5	0
+	-dw	 5.27e-9  548  0.52  1e-10
+	-Vm  -9.66  28.5  80.0 -22.9 1.89 0 1.09 0 0 1
+	-viscosity  -1.02e-1  0.189  9.4e-3  -4e-5  0  3.281  -2.053 # < 5 M Li,Na,KOH
+2 H2O = O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-
+	-log_k	-86.08
+	-delta_h 134.79 kcal
+	-dw	 2.35e-9
+	-Vm  5.7889  6.3536  3.2528  -3.0417  -0.3943 # supcrt
+2 H+ + 2 e- = H2
+	-log_k	-3.15
+	-delta_h -1.759 kcal
+	-dw	 5.13e-9
+	-Vm 6.52  0.78  0.12 # supcrt
+H+ + Cl- = HCl
+	-log_k  -0.5
+	-analytical_expression  0.334  -2.684e-3  1.015 # from Pitzer.dat, up to 15 M HCl, 0 - 50�C
+	-gamma  0  0.4256
+	-viscosity  0.921  -0.765  8.32e-3  8.25e-4  2.53e-3 4.223
+CO3-2 + H+ = HCO3-
+	-log_k	10.329
+	-delta_h -3.561	kcal
+	-analytic  107.8871  0.03252849  -5151.79  -38.92561  563713.9
+	-gamma	5.4      0
+	-dw	1.18e-9  -182  0.351  -4.94
+	-Vm  9.03  -7.03e-2  -13.38  0  2.05  0  0  128  0  0.8242
+	-viscosity  0  0.117  -2.91e-2  0  0  0  0.896
+CO3-2 + 2 H+ = CO2 + H2O
+	-log_k	16.681
+	-delta_h -5.738	kcal
+	-analytic	464.1965	0.09344813	-26986.16	-165.75951	2248628.9
+	-dw	 1.92e-9  -120 # TK dependence from Cadogan et al. 2014, , JCED 59, 519
+	-Vm   7.29  0.92  2.07  -1.23  -1.60 # McBride et al. 2015, JCED 60, 171
+	-gamma 0 0.066 # Rumpf et al. 1994, J. Sol. Chem. 23, 431
+2CO2 = (CO2)2 # activity correction for CO2 solubility at high P, T
+	-log_k -1.8
+	-analytical_expression  8.68  -0.0103  -2190
+	-dw	 1.92e-9  -120 # TK dependence from Cadogan et al. 2014, , JCED 59, 519
+	-Vm   14.58  1.84  4.14  -2.46  -3.20
+CO3-2 + 10 H+ + 8 e- = CH4 + 3 H2O
+	-log_k	41.071
+	-delta_h -61.039 kcal
+	-dw   1.85e-9
+	-Vm   9.01  -1.11  0  -1.85  -1.50 # Hnedkovsky et al., 1996, JCT 28, 125
+SO4-2 + H+ = HSO4-
+	-log_k	1.988
+	-delta_h 3.85	kcal
+	-analytic	-56.889	0.006473	2307.9	19.8858
+	-dw	 1.33e-9
+	-Vm 8.2 9.2590  2.1108  -3.1618 1.1748  0 -0.3 15 0 1
+HS- = S-2 + H+
+	-log_k	-12.918
+	-delta_h 12.1	kcal
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+	-dw	 0.731e-9
+SO4-2 + 9 H+ + 8 e- = HS- + 4 H2O
+	-log_k	33.65
+	-delta_h -60.140 kcal
+	-gamma	3.5	0
+	-dw	 1.73e-9
+	-Vm  5.0119  4.9799  3.4765  -2.9849  1.4410 # supcrt
+HS- + H+ = H2S
+	-log_k	6.994
+	-delta_h -5.30	kcal
+	-analytical  -11.17  0.02386  3279.0
+	-dw	 2.1e-9
+        -Vm  1.39  28.3  0  -7.22  -0.59 # Hnedkovsky et al., 1996, JCT 28, 125
+2H2S = (H2S)2 # activity correction for H2S solubility at high P, T
+	-analytical_expression   10.227  -0.01384  -2200
+	-dw	 2.1e-9
+	-Vm   36.41  -71.95  0  0  2.58
+H2Sg = HSg- + H+
+	-log_k	-6.994
+	-delta_h 5.30	kcal
+	-analytical_expression  11.17  -0.02386  -3279.0
+	-gamma 3.5	0
+	-dw	 1.73e-9
+	-Vm  5.0119  4.9799  3.4765  -2.9849  1.4410 # supcrt
+2H2Sg = (H2Sg)2 # activity correction for H2S solubility at high P, T
+	-analytical_expression   10.227  -0.01384  -2200
+	-dw	 2.1e-9
+	-Vm   36.41  -71.95  0  0  2.58
+NO3- + 2 H+ + 2 e- = NO2- + H2O
+	-log_k	28.570
+	-delta_h -43.760 kcal
+	-gamma	3.0	0
+	-dw	 1.91e-9
+	-Vm  5.5864  5.8590  3.4472  -3.0212  1.1847 # supcrt
+2 NO3- + 12 H+ + 10 e- = N2 + 6 H2O
+	-log_k	207.08
+	-delta_h -312.130	kcal
+	-dw	 1.96e-9  -90 # Cadogan et al. 2014, JCED 59, 519	
+	-Vm 7 # Pray et al., 1952, IEC 44. 1146
+#AmmH+ = Amm + H+
+NO3- + 10 H+ + 8 e- = NH4+ + 3 H2O
+	-log_k	119.077
+	-delta_h -187.055	kcal	
+	-gamma	2.5	0
+	-dw	1.98e-9  312  0.95  4.53
+	-Vm  4.837  2.345  5.522  -2.88 1.096  3  -1.456  75.0  7.17e-3  1
+	-viscosity  9.9e-2  -0.159  1.36e-2  6.51e-3  3.21e-2  0.972
+
+NH4+ = NH3 + H+
+	-log_k	-9.252
+	-delta_h 12.48	kcal
+	-analytic  0.6322  -0.001225  -2835.76
+	-dw	 2.28e-9
+	-Vm   6.69  2.8  3.58  -2.88  1.43
+	-viscosity  0.08  0  0  7.82e-3  -0.134  -0.986
+#NO3- + 10 H+ + 8 e- = AmmH+ + 3 H2O
+#	-log_k	119.077
+#	-delta_h -187.055	kcal
+#	-gamma	2.5	0
+#	-Vm  4.837  2.345  5.522  -2.88 1.096  3  -1.456  75.0  7.17e-3  1
+#AmmH+ + SO4-2 = AmmHSO4-
+NH4+ + SO4-2 = NH4SO4-
+        -log_k  1.11;  -delta_h  13.2 kcal
+        -gamma  5  -0.163
+        -Vm  13.56  0  -31.15  0  0  0  11.20  0  -0.1287  1
+        -dw  1.1e-9  400  1.85  200
+        -viscosity  0.262  0  0  9.49e-2  3.81e-2  0.438  0.507
+H3BO3 = H2BO3- + H+
+	-log_k	-9.24
+	-delta_h 3.224	kcal
+H3BO3 + F- = BF(OH)3-
+	-log_k	-0.4
+	-delta_h 1.850	kcal
+H3BO3 + 2 F- + H+ = BF2(OH)2- + H2O
+	-log_k	7.63
+	-delta_h 1.618	kcal
+H3BO3 + 2 H+ + 3 F- = BF3OH- + 2 H2O
+	-log_k	13.67
+	-delta_h -1.614	kcal
+H3BO3 + 3 H+ + 4 F- = BF4- + 3 H2O
+	-log_k	20.28
+	-delta_h -1.846	kcal
+PO4-3 + H+ = HPO4-2
+	-log_k	12.346
+	-delta_h -3.530	kcal
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+	-dw	0.69e-9
+	-Vm   3.52  1.09  8.39  -2.82  3.34  0  0  0  0  1
+PO4-3 + 2 H+ = H2PO4-
+	-log_k	19.553
+	-delta_h -4.520	kcal
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+	-dw	 0.846e-9
+	-Vm   5.58  8.06  12.2  -3.11  1.3  0  0  0  1.62e-2  1
+PO4-3 + 3H+ = H3PO4
+	log_k	21.721 # log_k and delta_h from minteq.v4.dat, NIST46.3
+	delta_h	-10.1	kJ
+	-Vm   7.47  12.4  6.29  -3.29  0
+H+ + F- = HF
+	-log_k	3.18
+	-delta_h 3.18	kcal
+	-analytic	-2.033	0.012645	429.01
+	-Vm  3.4753  .7042  5.4732  -2.8081  -.0007 # supcrt
+H+ + 2 F- = HF2-
+	-log_k	3.76
+	-delta_h 4.550	kcal
+	-Vm  5.2263  4.9797  3.7928  -2.9849  1.2934 # supcrt
+Ca+2 + H2O = CaOH+ + H+
+	-log_k	-12.78
+Ca+2 + CO3-2 = CaCO3
+	-log_k	3.224
+	-delta_h 3.545	kcal
+	-analytic	-1228.732	-0.299440	35512.75	485.818
+	-dw 4.46e-10	# complexes: calc'd with the Pikal formula
+	-Vm  -.2430  -8.3748  9.0417  -2.4328  -.0300 # supcrt
+Ca+2 + CO3-2 + H+ = CaHCO3+
+	-log_k	11.435
+	-delta_h -0.871	kcal
+	-analytic	1317.0071	0.34546894	-39916.84	-517.70761	563713.9
+	-gamma	6.0	0
+	-dw 5.06e-10
+	-Vm  3.1911  .0104  5.7459  -2.7794  .3084 5.4 # supcrt
+Ca+2 + SO4-2 = CaSO4
+	-log_k	2.25
+	-delta_h 1.325	kcal
+	-dw 4.71e-10
+	-Vm  2.7910  -.9666  6.1300  -2.7390  -.0010 # supcrt
+Ca+2 + HSO4- = CaHSO4+
+	-log_k	  1.08
+Ca+2 + PO4-3 = CaPO4-
+	-log_k	6.459
+	-delta_h 3.10	kcal
+	-gamma  5.4  0.0 
+Ca+2 + HPO4-2 = CaHPO4
+	-log_k	2.739
+	-delta_h 3.3 kcal
+Ca+2 + H2PO4- = CaH2PO4+
+	-log_k	1.408
+	-delta_h 3.4 kcal
+	-gamma  5.4  0.0 
+# Ca+2 + F- = CaF+
+	# -log_k	0.94
+	# -delta_h 4.120	kcal
+	# -gamma  5.5  0.0 
+	# -Vm  .9846  -5.3773  7.8635  -2.5567  .6911 5.5 # supcrt
+Mg+2 + H2O = MgOH+ + H+
+	-log_k	-11.44
+	-delta_h 15.952 kcal
+	-gamma	6.5	0
+Mg+2 + CO3-2 = MgCO3
+	-log_k	2.98
+	-delta_h 2.713	kcal
+	-analytic	0.9910	0.00667
+	-dw 4.21e-10
+	-Vm  -.5837  -9.2067  9.3687  -2.3984  -.0300 # supcrt
+Mg+2 + H+ + CO3-2 = MgHCO3+
+	-log_k	11.399
+	-delta_h -2.771 kcal
+	-analytic	48.6721	0.03252849	-2614.335	-18.00263	563713.9
+	-gamma	4.0	0
+	-dw 4.78e-10
+	-Vm  2.7171  -1.1469  6.2008  -2.7316  .5985 4 # supcrt
+Mg+2 + SO4-2 = MgSO4
+        -log_k  2.42; -delta_h  19.0 kJ
+        -analytical_expression  0  9.64e-3  -136 # mean salt gamma from Pitzer.dat and epsomite/hexahydrite/kieserite solubilities, 0 - 200 oC
+        -gamma  0  0.20
+        -Vm  13.18  -25.67  -21.23  0  0.800  0  0  0  0  0
+        -dw 4.45e-10
+        -viscosity  -0.590  0.768  -3.8e-4  0.283  1.1e-3  1.09  0
+SO4-2 + MgSO4 = Mg(SO4)2-2
+        -log_k  0.52; -delta_h  -13.6 kJ
+        -analytical_expression  0  -1.51e-3  0  0  8.604e4 # mean salt gamma from Pitzer.dat and epsomite/hexahydrite/kieserite solubilities, 0 - 200 oC
+        -gamma  7  0.047
+        -Vm  12.725  -28.73  0.219  0  -0.264  0  23.44  0  0.213  5.1e-2
+        -Dw   1e-9  -2926  6.10e-2  -5.41
+        -viscosity  -0.162  9.6e-4  -4.65e-2  0.179  1.56e-2  1.66  0
+Mg+2 + PO4-3 = MgPO4-
+	-log_k	6.589
+	-delta_h 3.10	kcal
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+Mg+2 + HPO4-2 = MgHPO4
+	-log_k	2.87
+	-delta_h 3.3 kcal
+Mg+2 + H2PO4- = MgH2PO4+
+	-log_k	1.513
+	-delta_h 3.4 kcal
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+Mg+2 + F- = MgF+
+	-log_k	1.82
+	-delta_h 3.20	kcal
+	-gamma	4.5	0
+	-Vm  .6494  -6.1958  8.1852  -2.5229  .9706 4.5 # supcrt
+Na+ + OH- = NaOH
+	-log_k	-10 # remove this complex
+# Na+ + CO3-2 = NaCO3- # the CO3-2 cmplx is not necessary for the SC
+	# -log_k	1.27
+	# -delta_h 8.91 kcal
+	# -dw  1.2e-9  -400  1e-10  1e-10
+	# -Vm  3.812  0.196  20.0  -9.60  3.02  1e-5  2.65  0  2.54e-2  1
+	# -viscosity  0.104  -1.65  0.169  8.66e-2  2.60e-2  1.76  -0.90
+Na+ + HCO3- = NaHCO3
+	-log_k  -0.18; -delta_h  27 kJ
+        -analytical_expression  0.1  -6.111e-3  -1600  2.794 # optimized with data in Appelo, 2015, Appl. Geochem. 55, 62�71.
+        -gamma  0  0.23
+	-dw  6.73e-10  -400  1e-10  1e-10
+	-Vm  9  -6
+	-viscosity  0  0  0  0.1  3e-2
+Na+ + SO4-2 = NaSO4-
+        -log_k   0.6; -delta_h -14.4 kJ
+        -analytical_expression  -7.99  1.637e-2  0  0  3.29e5 # mirabilite/thenardite solubilities, 0 - 200 oC
+        -gamma 0 0
+        -Vm   9.993  -8.75  0  -2.95  2.59  0  8.40  0  -1.82e-2  0.672
+        -dw   1.183e-9  438  1e-10  1e-10
+        -viscosity  7.94e-2  6.96e-2  1.51e-2  7.62e-2  2.84e-2  1.74  0.120
+Na+ + HPO4-2 = NaHPO4-
+	-log_k	0.29
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+	-Vm    5.2  8.1  13  -3  0.9  0  0  1.62e-2  1
+Na+ + F- = NaF
+	-log_k	-0.24
+	-Vm  2.7483  -1.0708  6.1709  -2.7347  -.030 # supcrt
+K+ + SO4-2 = KSO4-
+        -log_k   0.6; -delta_h -10.4 kJ
+        -analytical_expression  -4.022  8.217e-3  0  0  1.90e5 # arcanite solubility, 0 - 200 oC
+        -gamma  0  8.3e-3
+        -Vm  8.942  -5.05  -15.03  0  3.61  0  25.14  0  -5.06e-2  0.166
+        -dw  5.11e-10  1694  -0.587  -4.43
+        -viscosity  -2.71  3.09  6e-4  -0.629  9.38e-2  0.778  0.975
+K+ + HPO4-2 = KHPO4-
+	-log_k	0.29
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+	-Vm   5.4  8.1  19  -3.1  0.7  0  0  0  1.62e-2  1
+Fe+2 + H2O = FeOH+ + H+
+	-log_k	-9.5
+	-delta_h 13.20	kcal
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Fe+2 + 3H2O = Fe(OH)3- + 3H+ 
+	-log_k -31.0
+	-delta_h 30.3 kcal
+	-gamma  5.0 0
+Fe+2 + Cl- = FeCl+
+	-log_k	0.14
+Fe+2 + CO3-2 = FeCO3
+	-log_k	4.38
+Fe+2 + HCO3- = FeHCO3+
+	-log_k	2.0
+Fe+2 + SO4-2 = FeSO4
+	-log_k	2.25
+	-delta_h 3.230	kcal
+	-Vm   -13  0  123
+Fe+2 + HSO4- = FeHSO4+
+	-log_k	1.08
+Fe+2 + 2HS- = Fe(HS)2
+	-log_k	8.95
+Fe+2 + 3HS- = Fe(HS)3-
+	-log_k	10.987
+Fe+2 + HPO4-2 = FeHPO4
+	-log_k	3.6
+Fe+2 + H2PO4- = FeH2PO4+
+	-log_k	2.7
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+Fe+2 + F- = FeF+
+	-log_k	1.0
+Fe+2 = Fe+3 + e-
+	-log_k	-13.02
+	-delta_h 9.680	kcal
+	-gamma	9.0	0
+Fe+3 + H2O = FeOH+2 + H+
+	-log_k	-2.19
+	-delta_h 10.4	kcal
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Fe+3 + 2 H2O = Fe(OH)2+ + 2 H+
+	-log_k	-5.67
+	-delta_h 17.1	kcal
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+Fe+3 + 3 H2O = Fe(OH)3 + 3 H+
+	-log_k	-12.56
+	-delta_h 24.8	kcal
+Fe+3 + 4 H2O = Fe(OH)4- + 4 H+
+	-log_k	-21.6
+	-delta_h 31.9	kcal
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+Fe+2 + 2H2O = Fe(OH)2 + 2H+ 
+	-log_k  -20.57
+	-delta_h 28.565 kcal  
+2 Fe+3 + 2 H2O = Fe2(OH)2+4 + 2 H+
+	-log_k	-2.95
+	-delta_h 13.5	kcal
+3 Fe+3 + 4 H2O = Fe3(OH)4+5 + 4 H+
+	-log_k	-6.3
+	-delta_h 14.3	kcal
+Fe+3 + Cl- = FeCl+2
+	-log_k	1.48
+	-delta_h 5.6	kcal
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Fe+3 + 2 Cl- = FeCl2+
+	-log_k	2.13
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Fe+3 + 3 Cl- = FeCl3
+	-log_k	1.13
+Fe+3 + SO4-2 = FeSO4+
+	-log_k	4.04
+	-delta_h 3.91	kcal
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Fe+3 + HSO4- = FeHSO4+2
+	-log_k	2.48
+Fe+3 + 2 SO4-2 = Fe(SO4)2-
+	-log_k	5.38
+	-delta_h 4.60	kcal
+Fe+3 + HPO4-2 = FeHPO4+
+	-log_k	5.43
+	-delta_h 5.76	kcal
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Fe+3 + H2PO4- = FeH2PO4+2
+	-log_k	5.43
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+Fe+3 + F- = FeF+2
+	-log_k	6.2
+	-delta_h 2.7	kcal
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Fe+3 + 2 F- = FeF2+
+	-log_k	10.8
+	-delta_h 4.8	kcal
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Fe+3 + 3 F- = FeF3
+	-log_k	14.0
+	-delta_h 5.4	kcal
+Mn+2 + H2O = MnOH+ + H+
+	-log_k	-10.59
+	-delta_h 14.40	kcal
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Mn+2 + 3H2O = Mn(OH)3- + 3H+ 
+	-log_k  -34.8
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Mn+2 + Cl- = MnCl+
+	-log_k	0.61
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+	-Vm   7.25  -1.08  -25.8  -2.73  3.99  5  0  0  0  1
+Mn+2 + 2 Cl- = MnCl2
+	-log_k	0.25
+	-Vm   1e-5  0  144
+Mn+2 + 3 Cl- = MnCl3-
+	-log_k	-0.31
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+	-Vm   11.8  0  0  0  2.4  0  0  0  3.6e-2  1
+Mn+2 + CO3-2 = MnCO3
+	-log_k	4.9
+Mn+2 + HCO3- = MnHCO3+
+	-log_k	1.95
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Mn+2 + SO4-2 = MnSO4
+	-log_k	2.25
+	-delta_h 3.370	kcal
+	-Vm  -1.31  -1.83  62.3  -2.7
+Mn+2 + 2 NO3- = Mn(NO3)2
+	-log_k	0.6
+	-delta_h -0.396	kcal
+	-Vm  6.16  0  29.4  0  0.9
+Mn+2 + F- = MnF+
+	-log_k	0.84
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Mn+2 = Mn+3 + e-
+	-log_k	-25.51
+	-delta_h 25.80	kcal
+	-gamma	9.0	0
+Al+3 + H2O = AlOH+2 + H+
+	-log_k	-5.0
+	-delta_h 11.49	kcal
+	-analytic	-38.253	0.0	-656.27	14.327
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+	-Vm   -1.46  -11.4  10.2  -2.31  1.67  5.4  0  0  0  1  # Barta and Hepler, 1986, Can. J. Chem. 64, 353.
+Al+3 + 2 H2O = Al(OH)2+ + 2 H+
+	-log_k	-10.1
+	-delta_h 26.90	kcal
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+	-analytic	88.50	0.0	-9391.6	-27.121
+Al+3 + 3 H2O = Al(OH)3 + 3 H+
+	-log_k	-16.9
+	-delta_h 39.89	kcal
+	-analytic	226.374	0.0	-18247.8	-73.597
+Al+3 + 4 H2O = Al(OH)4- + 4 H+
+	-log_k	-22.7
+	-delta_h 42.30	kcal
+	-analytic	51.578	0.0	-11168.9	-14.865
+	-gamma	4.5	0
+	-dw 1.04e-9 # Mackin & Aller, 1983, GCA 47, 959
+Al+3 + SO4-2 = AlSO4+
+	-log_k	3.5
+	-delta_h 2.29 kcal
+	-gamma	4.5	0
+Al+3 + 2SO4-2 = Al(SO4)2-
+	-log_k	5.0
+	-delta_h 3.11 kcal
+	-gamma	4.5	0
+Al+3 + HSO4- = AlHSO4+2
+	-log_k	0.46
+Al+3 + F- = AlF+2
+	-log_k	7.0
+	-delta_h 1.060	kcal
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+Al+3 + 2 F- = AlF2+
+	-log_k	12.7
+	-delta_h 1.980	kcal
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+Al+3 + 3 F- = AlF3
+	-log_k	16.8
+	-delta_h 2.160	kcal
+Al+3 + 4 F- = AlF4-
+	-log_k	19.4
+	-delta_h 2.20	kcal
+	-gamma	4.5	0
+# Al+3 + 5 F- = AlF5-2
+	# log_k	20.6
+	# delta_h 1.840	kcal
+# Al+3 + 6 F- = AlF6-3
+	# log_k	20.6
+	# delta_h -1.670	kcal
+H4SiO4 = H3SiO4- + H+
+	-log_k	-9.83
+	-delta_h 6.12	kcal
+	-analytic	-302.3724	-0.050698	15669.69	108.18466	-1119669.0
+	-gamma	4	0
+	-Vm  7.94  1.0881  5.3224  -2.8240  1.4767 # supcrt + H2O in a1
+H4SiO4 = H2SiO4-2 + 2 H+
+	-log_k	-23.0
+	-delta_h 17.6	kcal
+	-analytic	-294.0184	-0.072650	11204.49	108.18466	-1119669.0
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+H4SiO4 + 4 H+ + 6 F- = SiF6-2 + 4 H2O
+	-log_k	30.18
+	-delta_h -16.260	kcal
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+	-Vm  8.5311  13.0492  .6211  -3.3185  2.7716 # supcrt
+Ba+2 + H2O = BaOH+ + H+
+	-log_k	-13.47
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Ba+2 + CO3-2 = BaCO3
+	-log_k	2.71
+	-delta_h 3.55	kcal
+	-analytic	0.113	0.008721
+	-Vm  .2907  -7.0717  8.5295  -2.4867  -.0300 # supcrt
+Ba+2 + HCO3- = BaHCO3+
+	-log_k	0.982
+	-delta_h 5.56 kcal
+	-analytic	-3.0938	0.013669
+Ba+2 + SO4-2 = BaSO4
+	-log_k	2.7
+Sr+2 + H2O = SrOH+ + H+
+	-log_k	-13.29
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Sr+2 + CO3-2 + H+ = SrHCO3+
+	-log_k	11.509
+	-delta_h 2.489	kcal
+	-analytic	104.6391	0.04739549	-5151.79	-38.92561	563713.9
+	-gamma	5.4	0
+Sr+2 + CO3-2 = SrCO3
+	-log_k	2.81
+	-delta_h 5.22	kcal
+	-analytic	-1.019	0.012826
+	-Vm  -.1787  -8.2177  8.9799  -2.4393  -.0300 # supcrt
+Sr+2 + SO4-2 = SrSO4
+	-log_k	2.29
+	-delta_h 2.08	kcal
+	-Vm  6.7910  -.9666  6.1300  -2.7390  -.0010 # celestite solubility
+Li+ + SO4-2 = LiSO4-
+	-log_k	0.64
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+Cu+2 + e- = Cu+
+	-log_k	2.72
+	-delta_h 1.65	kcal
+	-gamma	2.5	0
+Cu+ + 2Cl- = CuCl2-
+	-log_k	  5.50
+	-delta_h -0.42 kcal
+	-gamma  4.0  0
+Cu+ + 3Cl- = CuCl3-2
+	-log_k	  5.70
+	-delta_h 0.26 kcal
+	-gamma  5.0  0.0  
+Cu+2 + CO3-2 = CuCO3 
+	-log_k	  6.73
+Cu+2 + 2CO3-2 = Cu(CO3)2-2 
+	-log_k	  9.83
+Cu+2 + HCO3- = CuHCO3+
+	-log_k	  2.7	
+Cu+2 + Cl- = CuCl+ 
+	-log_k	  0.43
+	-delta_h 8.65 kcal
+	-gamma  4.0  0
+	-Vm   -4.19  0  30.4  0  0  4  0  0  1.94e-2  1
+Cu+2 + 2Cl- = CuCl2 
+	-log_k	  0.16
+	-delta_h 10.56 kcal
+	-Vm   26.8  0  -136
+Cu+2 + 3Cl- = CuCl3-
+	-log_k	  -2.29
+	-delta_h 13.69 kcal
+	-gamma  4.0  0
+Cu+2 + 4Cl- = CuCl4-2
+	-log_k	  -4.59
+	-delta_h 17.78 kcal
+	-gamma  5.0  0
+Cu+2 + F- = CuF+ 
+	-log_k	  1.26
+	-delta_h 1.62 kcal
+Cu+2 + H2O = CuOH+ + H+
+	-log_k	-8.0
+	-gamma	4.0	0
+Cu+2 + 2 H2O = Cu(OH)2 + 2 H+
+	-log_k	-13.68
+Cu+2 + 3 H2O = Cu(OH)3- + 3 H+
+	-log_k	-26.9
+Cu+2 + 4 H2O = Cu(OH)4-2 + 4 H+
+	-log_k	-39.6
+2Cu+2 + 2H2O = Cu2(OH)2+2 + 2H+ 
+	-log_k  -10.359
+	-delta_h 17.539 kcal
+	-analytical  2.497  0.0  -3833.0
+Cu+2 + SO4-2 = CuSO4
+	-log_k	2.31
+	-delta_h 1.220	kcal
+	-Vm   5.21  0  -14.6
+Cu+2 + 3HS- = Cu(HS)3-
+	-log_k  25.9
+Zn+2 + H2O = ZnOH+ + H+
+	-log_k	-8.96
+	-delta_h 13.4 kcal
+Zn+2 + 2 H2O = Zn(OH)2 + 2 H+
+	-log_k	-16.9
+Zn+2 + 3 H2O = Zn(OH)3- + 3 H+
+	-log_k	-28.4
+Zn+2 + 4 H2O = Zn(OH)4-2 + 4 H+
+	-log_k	-41.2
+Zn+2 + Cl- = ZnCl+
+	-log_k	0.43
+	-delta_h 7.79 kcal
+	-gamma  4.0  0
+	-Vm   14.8  -3.91  -105.7  -2.62  0.203  4  0  0  -5.05e-2  1
+Zn+2 + 2 Cl- = ZnCl2
+	-log_k	0.45
+	-delta_h 8.5 kcal
+	-Vm   -10.1  4.57  241  -2.97  -1e-3
+Zn+2 + 3Cl- = ZnCl3-
+	-log_k	0.5
+	-delta_h 9.56 kcal
+	-gamma  4.0  0
+	-Vm   0.772  15.5  -0.349  -3.42  1.25  0  -7.77  0  0  1 
+Zn+2 + 4Cl- = ZnCl4-2
+	-log_k	0.2
+	-delta_h 10.96 kcal
+	-gamma  5.0  0
+	-Vm   28.42  28  -5.26  -3.94  2.67  0  0  0  4.62e-2 1
+Zn+2 + H2O + Cl- = ZnOHCl + H+ 
+	-log_k  -7.48  
+Zn+2 + 2HS- = Zn(HS)2
+	-log_k  14.94
+Zn+2 + 3HS- = Zn(HS)3-
+	-log_k  16.1  
+Zn+2 + CO3-2 = ZnCO3
+	-log_k	5.3
+Zn+2 + 2CO3-2 = Zn(CO3)2-2
+	-log_k	9.63
+Zn+2 + HCO3- = ZnHCO3+
+	-log_k	2.1
+Zn+2 + SO4-2 = ZnSO4
+	-log_k	2.37
+	-delta_h 1.36 kcal
+	-Vm   2.51  0  18.8
+Zn+2 + 2SO4-2 = Zn(SO4)2-2
+	-log_k	3.28
+	-Vm    10.9  0  -98.7  0  0  0  24  0 -0.236  1
+Zn+2 + Br- = ZnBr+ 
+	-log_k  -0.58
+Zn+2 + 2Br- = ZnBr2
+	-log_k  -0.98	
+Zn+2 + F- = ZnF+ 
+	-log_k  1.15
+	-delta_h 2.22 kcal
+Cd+2 + H2O = CdOH+ + H+
+	-log_k	-10.08
+	-delta_h 13.1 kcal
+Cd+2 + 2 H2O = Cd(OH)2 + 2 H+
+	-log_k	-20.35
+Cd+2 + 3 H2O = Cd(OH)3- + 3 H+
+	-log_k	-33.3
+Cd+2 + 4 H2O = Cd(OH)4-2 + 4 H+
+	-log_k	-47.35
+2Cd+2 + H2O = Cd2OH+3 + H+ 
+	-log_k  -9.39
+	-delta_h 10.9 kcal
+Cd+2 + H2O + Cl- = CdOHCl + H+ 
+	-log_k  -7.404
+	-delta_h 4.355 kcal
+Cd+2 + NO3- = CdNO3+
+	-log_k  0.4
+	-delta_h -5.2 kcal
+	-Vm   5.95  0  -1.11  0  2.67  7  0  0  1.53e-2  1
+Cd+2 + Cl- = CdCl+
+	-log_k	1.98
+	-delta_h 0.59 kcal
+	-Vm   5.69  0  -30.2  0  0  6  0  0  0.112  1
+Cd+2 + 2 Cl- = CdCl2
+	-log_k	2.6
+	-delta_h 1.24 kcal
+	-Vm   5.53
+Cd+2 + 3 Cl- = CdCl3-
+	-log_k	2.4
+	-delta_h 3.9 kcal
+	-Vm   4.6  0  83.9  0  0  0  0  0  0  1
+Cd+2 + CO3-2 = CdCO3
+	-log_k	2.9
+Cd+2 + 2CO3-2 = Cd(CO3)2-2
+	-log_k	6.4
+Cd+2 + HCO3- = CdHCO3+
+	-log_k	1.5
+Cd+2 + SO4-2 = CdSO4
+	-log_k	2.46
+	-delta_h 1.08 kcal
+	-Vm   10.4  0  57.9
+Cd+2 + 2SO4-2 = Cd(SO4)2-2
+	-log_k	3.5
+	-Vm   -6.29  0  -93  0  9.5  7  0  0  0  1
+Cd+2 + Br- = CdBr+ 
+	-log_k  2.17
+	-delta_h -0.81 kcal
+Cd+2 + 2Br- = CdBr2
+	-log_k  2.9
+Cd+2 + F- = CdF+ 
+	-log_k  1.1
+Cd+2 + 2F- = CdF2
+	-log_k  1.5  
+Cd+2 + HS- = CdHS+ 
+	-log_k  10.17
+Cd+2 + 2HS- = Cd(HS)2 
+	-log_k  16.53
+Cd+2 + 3HS- = Cd(HS)3-
+	-log_k  18.71
+Cd+2 + 4HS- = Cd(HS)4-2
+	-log_k  20.9  
+Pb+2 + H2O = PbOH+ + H+
+	-log_k	-7.71
+Pb+2 + 2 H2O = Pb(OH)2 + 2 H+
+	-log_k	-17.12
+Pb+2 + 3 H2O = Pb(OH)3- + 3 H+
+	-log_k	-28.06
+Pb+2 + 4 H2O = Pb(OH)4-2 + 4 H+
+	-log_k	-39.7
+2 Pb+2 + H2O = Pb2OH+3 + H+
+	-log_k	-6.36
+Pb+2 + Cl- = PbCl+
+	-log_k	1.6
+	-delta_h 4.38 kcal
+	-Vm  2.8934  -.7165  6.0316  -2.7494  .1281 6 # supcrt
+Pb+2 + 2 Cl- = PbCl2
+	-log_k	1.8
+	-delta_h 1.08 kcal
+	-Vm  6.5402  8.1879  2.5318  -3.1175  -.0300 # supcrt
+Pb+2 + 3 Cl- = PbCl3-
+	-log_k	1.7
+	-delta_h 2.17 kcal
+	-Vm  11.0396  19.1743  -1.7863  -3.5717  .7356 # supcrt
+Pb+2 + 4 Cl- = PbCl4-2
+	-log_k	1.38
+	-delta_h 3.53 kcal
+	-Vm  16.4150  32.2997  -6.9452  -4.1143  2.3118 # supcrt
+Pb+2 + CO3-2 = PbCO3
+	-log_k	7.24
+Pb+2 + 2 CO3-2 = Pb(CO3)2-2
+	-log_k	10.64
+Pb+2 + HCO3- = PbHCO3+
+	-log_k	2.9
+Pb+2 + SO4-2 = PbSO4
+	-log_k	2.75
+Pb+2 + 2 SO4-2 = Pb(SO4)2-2
+	-log_k	3.47
+Pb+2 + 2HS- = Pb(HS)2 
+	-log_k  15.27
+Pb+2 + 3HS- = Pb(HS)3-
+	-log_k  16.57
+3Pb+2 + 4H2O = Pb3(OH)4+2 + 4H+ 
+	-log_k  -23.88
+	-delta_h 26.5 kcal  
+Pb+2 + NO3- = PbNO3+
+	-log_k	1.17
+Pb+2 + Br- = PbBr+ 
+	-log_k  1.77
+	-delta_h 2.88 kcal
+Pb+2 + 2Br- = PbBr2 
+	-log_k  1.44	
+Pb+2 + F- = PbF+ 
+	-log_k  1.25
+Pb+2 + 2F- = PbF2
+	-log_k  2.56
+Pb+2 + 3F- = PbF3-
+	-log_k  3.42
+Pb+2 + 4F- = PbF4-2
+	-log_k  3.1  
+
+PHASES
+Calcite
+	CaCO3 = CO3-2 + Ca+2
+	-log_k	-8.48
+	-delta_h -2.297 kcal
+	-analytic 17.118  -0.046528  -3496 # 0 - 250�C, Ellis, 1959, Plummer and Busenberg, 1982
+	-Vm 36.9 cm3/mol # MW (100.09 g/mol) / rho (2.71 g/cm3)
+Aragonite
+	CaCO3 = CO3-2 + Ca+2
+	-log_k	-8.336
+	-delta_h -2.589 kcal
+	-analytic	-171.9773	-0.077993	2903.293	71.595
+	-Vm 34.04
+Dolomite
+	CaMg(CO3)2 = Ca+2 + Mg+2 + 2 CO3-2
+	-log_k	-17.09
+	-delta_h  -9.436 kcal
+	-analytic  31.283  -0.0898  -6438 #  25�C: Hemingway and Robie, 1994; 50�175�C: B�n�zeth et al., 2018, GCA 224, 262-275.
+	-Vm 64.5
+Siderite
+	FeCO3 = Fe+2 + CO3-2
+	-log_k	-10.89
+	-delta_h  -2.480 kcal
+	-Vm 29.2
+Rhodochrosite
+	MnCO3 = Mn+2 + CO3-2
+	-log_k	-11.13
+	-delta_h  -1.430 kcal
+	-Vm 31.1
+Strontianite
+	SrCO3 = Sr+2 + CO3-2
+	-log_k	-9.271
+	-delta_h -0.400 kcal
+	-analytic	155.0305	0.0	-7239.594	-56.58638
+	-Vm 39.69
+Witherite
+	BaCO3 = Ba+2 + CO3-2
+	-log_k	-8.562
+	-delta_h  0.703 kcal
+	-analytic	607.642	0.121098	-20011.25	-236.4948
+	-Vm 46
+Gypsum
+	CaSO4:2H2O = Ca+2 + SO4-2 + 2 H2O
+	-log_k	-4.58
+	-delta_h -0.109 kcal
+	-analytic	68.2401	0.0	-3221.51	-25.0627
+	-analytical_expression  93.7  5.99E-03  -4e3  -35.019 # better fits the appendix data of Appelo, 2015, AG 55, 62
+	-Vm 73.9 # 172.18 / 2.33  (Vm H2O = 13.9 cm3/mol)
+Anhydrite
+	CaSO4 = Ca+2 + SO4-2
+	-log_k	-4.36
+	-delta_h -1.710 kcal
+	-analytic  84.90  0  -3135.12  -31.79 # 50 - 160oC, 1 - 1e3 atm, anhydrite dissolution, Blount and Dickson, 1973, Am. Mineral. 58, 323.
+	-Vm 46.1 # 136.14 / 2.95
+Celestite
+	SrSO4 = Sr+2 + SO4-2
+	-log_k	-6.63
+	-delta_h -4.037 kcal
+#	-analytic	-14805.9622	-2.4660924	756968.533	5436.3588	-40553604.0
+	-analytic  -7.14 6.11e-3  75 0 0 -1.79e-5  # Howell et al., 1992, JCED 37, 464.
+	-Vm 46.4
+Barite
+	BaSO4 = Ba+2 + SO4-2
+	-log_k	-9.97
+	-delta_h  6.35 kcal
+	-analytical_expression  -282.43  -8.972e-2  5822  113.08 # Blount 1977; Templeton, 1960
+	-Vm 52.9
+Arcanite
+	K2SO4  =  SO4-2 + 2 K+
+	log_k   -1.776; -delta_h 5 kcal
+	-analytical_expression   674.142  0.30423  -18037  -280.236  0  -1.44055e-4 # ref. 3
+	# Note, the Linke and Seidell data may give subsaturation in other xpt's, SI = -0.06
+	-Vm 65.5
+Mirabilite
+	Na2SO4:10H2O  =  SO4-2 + 2 Na+ + 10 H2O
+	-analytical_expression  -301.9326  -0.16232  0  141.078 # ref. 3
+	Vm 216
+Thenardite
+	Na2SO4 = 2 Na+ + SO4-2
+	-analytical_expression  57.185  8.6024e-2  0  -30.8341  0  -7.6905e-5 # ref. 3
+	-Vm 52.9
+Epsomite
+        MgSO4:7H2O  =  Mg+2 + SO4-2 + 7 H2O
+        log_k      -1.74; -delta_h 10.57 kJ
+        -analytical_expression  -3.59  6.21e-3
+        Vm 147
+Hexahydrite
+        MgSO4:6H2O  =  Mg+2 + SO4-2 + 6 H2O
+        log_k      -1.57; -delta_h 2.35 kJ
+        -analytical_expression  -1.978  1.38e-3
+        Vm 132
+Kieserite
+        MgSO4:H2O  =  Mg+2 + SO4-2 + H2O
+        log_k      -1.16; -delta_h 9.22 kJ
+        -analytical_expression  29.485  -5.07e-2  0  -2.662  -7.95e5
+        Vm 53.8
+Hydroxyapatite
+	Ca5(PO4)3OH + 4 H+ = H2O + 3 HPO4-2 + 5 Ca+2
+	-log_k	 -3.421
+	-delta_h -36.155 kcal
+	-Vm 128.9
+Fluorite
+	CaF2 = Ca+2 + 2 F-
+	-log_k	-10.6
+	-delta_h   4.69 kcal
+	-analytic	66.348	0.0	-4298.2	-25.271
+	-Vm 15.7
+SiO2(a)
+	SiO2 + 2 H2O = H4SiO4
+	-log_k	-2.71
+	-delta_h  3.340 kcal
+	-analytic	-0.26	0.0	-731.0
+Chalcedony
+	SiO2 + 2 H2O = H4SiO4
+	-log_k	-3.55
+	-delta_h  4.720 kcal
+	-analytic	-0.09	0.0	-1032.0
+	-Vm 23.1
+Quartz
+	SiO2 + 2 H2O = H4SiO4
+	-log_k	-3.98
+	-delta_h  5.990 kcal
+	-analytic	0.41	0.0	-1309.0
+	-Vm 22.67
+Gibbsite
+	Al(OH)3 + 3 H+ = Al+3 + 3 H2O
+	-log_k	  8.11
+	-delta_h -22.800 kcal
+	-Vm 32.22
+Al(OH)3(a)
+	Al(OH)3 + 3 H+ = Al+3 + 3 H2O
+	-log_k	 10.8
+	-delta_h -26.500 kcal
+Kaolinite
+	Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 6 H+ = H2O + 2 H4SiO4 + 2 Al+3
+	-log_k	  7.435
+	-delta_h -35.300 kcal
+	-Vm 99.35
+Albite
+	NaAlSi3O8 + 8 H2O = Na+ + Al(OH)4- + 3 H4SiO4
+	-log_k	-18.002
+	-delta_h 25.896 kcal
+	-Vm 101.31
+Anorthite
+	CaAl2Si2O8 + 8 H2O = Ca+2 + 2 Al(OH)4- + 2 H4SiO4
+	-log_k	-19.714
+	-delta_h 11.580 kcal
+	-Vm 105.05
+K-feldspar
+	KAlSi3O8 + 8 H2O = K+ + Al(OH)4- + 3 H4SiO4
+	-log_k	-20.573
+	-delta_h 30.820	kcal
+	-Vm 108.15
+K-mica
+	KAl3Si3O10(OH)2 + 10 H+ = K+ + 3 Al+3 + 3 H4SiO4
+	-log_k	12.703
+	-delta_h -59.376 kcal
+Chlorite(14A)
+	Mg5Al2Si3O10(OH)8 + 16H+ = 5Mg+2 + 2Al+3 + 3H4SiO4 + 6H2O
+	-log_k	68.38
+	-delta_h -151.494 kcal
+Ca-Montmorillonite
+	Ca0.165Al2.33Si3.67O10(OH)2 + 12 H2O = 0.165Ca+2 + 2.33 Al(OH)4- + 3.67 H4SiO4 + 2 H+
+	-log_k	-45.027
+	-delta_h 58.373	kcal
+	-Vm 156.16
+Talc
+	Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 + 4 H2O + 6 H+ = 3 Mg+2 + 4 H4SiO4
+	-log_k	21.399
+	-delta_h -46.352 kcal
+	-Vm 68.34
+Illite
+	K0.6Mg0.25Al2.3Si3.5O10(OH)2 + 11.2H2O = 0.6K+ + 0.25Mg+2 + 2.3Al(OH)4- + 3.5H4SiO4 + 1.2H+
+	-log_k	-40.267
+	-delta_h 54.684 kcal
+	-Vm 141.48
+Chrysotile
+	Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 + 6 H+ = H2O + 2 H4SiO4 + 3 Mg+2
+	-log_k	32.2
+	-delta_h -46.800 kcal
+	-analytic	13.248	0.0	10217.1	-6.1894
+	-Vm  106.5808  # 277.11/2.60
+Sepiolite
+	Mg2Si3O7.5OH:3H2O + 4 H+ + 0.5H2O = 2 Mg+2 + 3 H4SiO4
+	-log_k	15.760
+	-delta_h -10.700 kcal
+	-Vm 143.765
+Sepiolite(d)
+	Mg2Si3O7.5OH:3H2O + 4 H+ + 0.5H2O = 2 Mg+2 + 3 H4SiO4
+	-log_k	18.66
+Hematite
+	Fe2O3 + 6 H+ = 2 Fe+3 + 3 H2O
+	-log_k	-4.008
+	-delta_h -30.845 kcal
+	-Vm 30.39
+Goethite
+	FeOOH + 3 H+ = Fe+3 + 2 H2O
+	-log_k	-1.0
+	-delta_h	 -14.48 kcal
+	-Vm 20.84
+Fe(OH)3(a)
+	Fe(OH)3 + 3 H+ = Fe+3 + 3 H2O
+	-log_k	4.891
+Pyrite
+	FeS2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = Fe+2 + 2 HS-
+	-log_k	-18.479
+	-delta_h 11.300 kcal
+	-Vm 23.48
+FeS(ppt)
+	FeS + H+ = Fe+2 + HS-
+	-log_k	-3.915
+Mackinawite
+	FeS + H+ = Fe+2 + HS-
+	-log_k	-4.648
+	-Vm 20.45
+Sulfur
+	S + 2H+ + 2e- = H2S
+	-log_k	4.882
+	-delta_h -9.5 kcal
+Vivianite
+	Fe3(PO4)2:8H2O = 3 Fe+2 + 2 PO4-3 + 8 H2O
+	-log_k	-36.0
+Pyrolusite	# H2O added for surface calc's
+	MnO2:H2O + 4 H+ + 2 e- = Mn+2 + 3 H2O
+	-log_k	41.38
+	-delta_h -65.110 kcal
+Hausmannite
+	Mn3O4 + 8 H+ + 2 e- = 3 Mn+2 + 4 H2O
+	-log_k	61.03
+	-delta_h -100.640 kcal
+Manganite
+	MnOOH + 3 H+ + e- = Mn+2 + 2 H2O
+	-log_k	25.34
+Pyrochroite
+	Mn(OH)2 + 2 H+ = Mn+2 + 2 H2O
+	-log_k	15.2
+Halite
+	NaCl  =  Cl- + Na+
+	log_k	  1.570
+	-delta_h  1.37
+	#-analytic -713.4616   -.1201241   37302.21    262.4583    -2106915.
+	-Vm 27.1
+Sylvite
+	KCl  = K+ + Cl-
+	log_k	   0.900
+	-delta_h  8.5
+	# -analytic     3.984     0.0	 -919.55
+	Vm 37.5
+# Gases...
+CO2(g)
+	CO2 = CO2
+	-log_k	-1.468
+	-delta_h -4.776 kcal
+	-analytic   10.5624  -2.3547e-2  -3972.8  0  5.8746e5  1.9194e-5
+	-T_c  304.2 # critical T, K
+	-P_c   72.86 # critical P, atm
+	-Omega 0.225 # acentric factor
+H2O(g)
+	H2O = H2O
+	-log_k  1.506; delta_h -44.03 kJ
+	-T_c  647.3; -P_c  217.60; -Omega 0.344
+	-analytic   -16.5066 -2.0013E-3  2710.7  3.7646  0 2.24E-6
+O2(g)
+	O2 = O2
+	-log_k   -2.8983
+	-analytic -7.5001 7.8981e-3 0.0 0.0 2.0027e5
+	-T_c  154.6; -P_c   49.80; -Omega 0.021
+H2(g)
+	H2 = H2
+	-log_k	   -3.1050
+	-delta_h -4.184  kJ
+	-analytic   -9.3114    4.6473e-3   -49.335    1.4341    1.2815e5
+	-T_c  33.2; -P_c   12.80; -Omega -0.225
+N2(g)
+	N2 = N2
+	-log_k		 -3.1864
+	-analytic -58.453 1.818e-3  3199  17.909 -27460
+	-T_c  126.2; -P_c   33.50; -Omega 0.039
+H2S(g)
+	H2S  =  H+ + HS-
+	log_k	   -7.93
+	-delta_h   9.1
+	-analytic -45.07  -0.02418  0  17.9205 # H2S solubilities, 0 - 300�C, 1 - 987 atm, Jiang et al., 2020, CG 555, 119816
+	-T_c  373.2; -P_c  88.20; -Omega 0.1
+CH4(g)
+	CH4 = CH4
+	-log_k -2.8
+	-analytic   10.44  -7.65e-3  -6669  0  1.014e6 # CH4 solubilities 25 - 100�C
+	-T_c  190.6 ; -P_c   45.40 ; -Omega 0.008
+#Amm(g)
+#	Amm = Amm
+NH3(g)
+	NH3 = NH3	
+	-log_k	   1.7966
+	-analytic -18.758 3.3670e-4 2.5113e3 4.8619 39.192
+	-T_c  405.6; -P_c   111.3; -Omega 0.25
+# redox-uncoupled gases
+Oxg(g)
+	Oxg = Oxg
+	-analytic -7.5001 7.8981e-3 0.0 0.0 2.0027e5
+	-T_c  154.6 ; -P_c   49.80 ; -Omega 0.021
+Hdg(g)
+	Hdg = Hdg
+	-analytic   -9.3114    4.6473e-3   -49.335    1.4341    1.2815e5
+	-T_c  33.2 ; -P_c   12.80 ; -Omega -0.225
+Ntg(g)
+	Ntg = Ntg
+	-analytic -58.453 1.81800e-3  3199  17.909 -27460
+	T_c  126.2 ; -P_c   33.50 ; -Omega 0.039
+Mtg(g)
+	Mtg = Mtg
+	-log_k -2.8
+	-analytic   10.44  -7.65e-3  -6669  0  1.014e6 # CH4 solubilities 25 - 100�C
+	-T_c  190.6 ; -P_c   45.40 ; -Omega 0.008
+H2Sg(g)
+	H2Sg  =  H+ + HSg-
+	log_k	   -7.93
+	-delta_h   9.1
+	-analytic -45.07  -0.02418  0  17.9205 # H2S solubilities, 0 - 300�C, 1 - 987 atm, Jiang et al., 2020, CG 555, 119816
+	-T_c  373.2 ; -P_c  88.20 ; -Omega 0.1
+Melanterite
+	FeSO4:7H2O = 7 H2O + Fe+2 + SO4-2
+	-log_k	-2.209
+	-delta_h 4.910	kcal
+	-analytic	1.447	-0.004153	0.0	0.0	-214949.0
+Alunite
+	KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 + 6 H+ = K+ + 3 Al+3 + 2 SO4-2 + 6H2O
+	-log_k	-1.4
+	-delta_h -50.250 kcal
+Jarosite-K
+	KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 + 6 H+ = 3 Fe+3 + 6 H2O + K+ + 2 SO4-2
+	-log_k	-9.21
+	-delta_h -31.280 kcal
+Zn(OH)2(e)
+	Zn(OH)2 + 2 H+ = Zn+2 + 2 H2O
+	-log_k	11.5
+Smithsonite
+	ZnCO3 = Zn+2 + CO3-2
+	-log_k	-10.0
+	-delta_h -4.36	kcal
+Sphalerite
+	ZnS + H+ = Zn+2 + HS-
+	-log_k	-11.618
+	-delta_h 8.250	kcal
+Willemite	289
+	Zn2SiO4 + 4H+ = 2Zn+2 + H4SiO4
+	-log_k	15.33
+	-delta_h -33.37	kcal
+Cd(OH)2
+	Cd(OH)2 + 2 H+ = Cd+2 + 2 H2O
+	-log_k	13.65
+Otavite	315
+	CdCO3 = Cd+2 + CO3-2
+	-log_k	-12.1
+	-delta_h -0.019	kcal
+CdSiO3	328
+	CdSiO3 + H2O + 2H+ = Cd+2 + H4SiO4
+	-log_k	9.06
+	-delta_h -16.63	kcal
+CdSO4	329
+	CdSO4 = Cd+2 + SO4-2
+	-log_k	-0.1
+	-delta_h -14.74	kcal
+Cerussite	365
+	PbCO3 = Pb+2 + CO3-2
+	-log_k	-13.13
+	-delta_h 4.86	kcal
+Anglesite	384
+	PbSO4 = Pb+2 + SO4-2
+	-log_k	-7.79
+	-delta_h 2.15	kcal
+Pb(OH)2	389
+	Pb(OH)2 + 2H+ = Pb+2 + 2H2O
+	-log_k	8.15
+	-delta_h -13.99	kcal
+
+EXCHANGE_MASTER_SPECIES
+	X	X-
+EXCHANGE_SPECIES
+	X- = X-
+	-log_k	0.0
+
+	Na+ + X- = NaX
+	-log_k	0.0
+	-gamma	4.08 0.082
+
+	K+ + X- = KX
+	-log_k	0.7
+	-gamma	3.5	0.015
+	-delta_h  -4.3	# Jardine & Sparks, 1984
+
+	Li+ + X- = LiX
+	-log_k	-0.08
+	-gamma	6.0	0
+	-delta_h  1.4	# Merriam & Thomas, 1956
+
+# !!!!!
+#	H+ + X- = HX
+#	-log_k	1.0
+#	-gamma	9.0	0
+
+#	AmmH+ + X- = AmmHX
+	NH4+ + X- = NH4X
+	-log_k	0.6
+	-gamma	2.5	0
+	-delta_h  -2.4	# Laudelout et al., 1968
+
+	Ca+2 + 2X- = CaX2
+	-log_k	0.8
+	-gamma	5.0	0.165
+	-delta_h  7.2    # Van Bladel & Gheyl, 1980
+
+	Mg+2 + 2X- = MgX2
+	-log_k	0.6
+	-gamma	5.5	0.2
+	-delta_h  7.4	# Laudelout et al., 1968
+
+	Sr+2 + 2X- = SrX2
+	-log_k	0.91
+	-gamma	5.26	0.121
+	-delta_h  5.5	# Laudelout et al., 1968
+
+	Ba+2 + 2X- = BaX2
+	-log_k	0.91
+	-gamma	4.0  0.153
+	-delta_h  4.5	# Laudelout et al., 1968
+
+	Mn+2 + 2X- = MnX2
+	-log_k	0.52
+	-gamma	6.0	0
+
+	Fe+2 + 2X- = FeX2
+	-log_k	0.44
+	-gamma	6.0	0
+
+	Cu+2 + 2X- = CuX2
+	-log_k	0.6
+	-gamma	6.0	0
+
+	Zn+2 + 2X- = ZnX2
+	-log_k	0.8
+	-gamma	5.0	0
+
+	Cd+2 + 2X- = CdX2
+	-log_k	0.8
+	-gamma 0.0  0
+
+	Pb+2 + 2X- = PbX2
+	-log_k	1.05
+	-gamma 0.0  0
+
+	Al+3 + 3X- = AlX3
+	-log_k	0.41
+	-gamma	9.0	0
+
+	AlOH+2 + 2X- = AlOHX2
+	-log_k	0.89
+	-gamma	0.0	0
+
+SURFACE_MASTER_SPECIES
+	Hfo_s	Hfo_sOH
+	Hfo_w	Hfo_wOH
+SURFACE_SPECIES
+# All surface data from
+# Dzombak and Morel, 1990
+#
+#
+# Acid-base data from table 5.7
+#
+# strong binding site--Hfo_s,
+
+	Hfo_sOH = Hfo_sOH
+	-log_k	0
+
+	Hfo_sOH	+ H+ = Hfo_sOH2+
+	-log_k	7.29	# = pKa1,int
+
+	Hfo_sOH = Hfo_sO- + H+
+	-log_k	-8.93	# = -pKa2,int
+
+# weak binding site--Hfo_w
+
+	Hfo_wOH = Hfo_wOH
+	-log_k	0
+
+	Hfo_wOH	+ H+ = Hfo_wOH2+
+	-log_k	7.29	# = pKa1,int
+
+	Hfo_wOH = Hfo_wO- + H+
+	-log_k	-8.93	# = -pKa2,int
+###############################################
+# CATIONS #
+###############################################
+#
+# Cations from table 10.1 or 10.5
+#
+# Calcium
+	Hfo_sOH + Ca+2 = Hfo_sOHCa+2
+	-log_k	4.97
+
+	Hfo_wOH + Ca+2 = Hfo_wOCa+ + H+
+	-log_k -5.85
+# Strontium
+	Hfo_sOH + Sr+2 = Hfo_sOHSr+2
+	-log_k	5.01
+
+	Hfo_wOH + Sr+2 = Hfo_wOSr+ + H+
+	-log_k -6.58
+
+	Hfo_wOH + Sr+2 + H2O = Hfo_wOSrOH + 2H+
+	-log_k -17.6
+# Barium
+	Hfo_sOH + Ba+2 = Hfo_sOHBa+2
+	-log_k	5.46
+
+	Hfo_wOH + Ba+2 = Hfo_wOBa+ + H+
+	-log_k	-7.2	# table 10.5
+#
+# Cations from table 10.2
+#
+# Cadmium
+	Hfo_sOH + Cd+2 = Hfo_sOCd+ + H+
+	-log_k	0.47
+
+	Hfo_wOH + Cd+2 = Hfo_wOCd+ + H+
+	-log_k	-2.91
+# Zinc
+	Hfo_sOH + Zn+2 = Hfo_sOZn+ + H+
+	-log_k	0.99
+
+	Hfo_wOH + Zn+2 = Hfo_wOZn+ + H+
+	-log_k	-1.99
+# Copper
+	Hfo_sOH + Cu+2 = Hfo_sOCu+ + H+
+	-log_k	2.89
+
+	Hfo_wOH + Cu+2 = Hfo_wOCu+ + H+
+	-log_k	0.6	# table 10.5
+# Lead
+	Hfo_sOH + Pb+2 = Hfo_sOPb+ + H+
+	-log_k	4.65
+
+	Hfo_wOH + Pb+2 = Hfo_wOPb+ + H+
+	-log_k	0.3	# table 10.5
+#
+# Derived constants table 10.5
+#
+# Magnesium
+	Hfo_wOH + Mg+2 = Hfo_wOMg+ + H+
+	-log_k -4.6
+# Manganese
+	Hfo_sOH + Mn+2 = Hfo_sOMn+ + H+
+	-log_k	-0.4	# table 10.5
+
+	Hfo_wOH + Mn+2 = Hfo_wOMn+ + H+
+	-log_k -3.5	# table 10.5
+# Iron, strong site: Appelo, Van der Weiden, Tournassat & Charlet, EST 36, 3096
+	Hfo_sOH + Fe+2 = Hfo_sOFe+ + H+
+	-log_k	-0.95
+# Iron, weak site: Liger et al., GCA 63, 2939, re-optimized for D&M
+	Hfo_wOH + Fe+2 = Hfo_wOFe+ + H+
+	-log_k -2.98
+
+	Hfo_wOH + Fe+2 + H2O = Hfo_wOFeOH + 2H+
+	-log_k -11.55
+###############################################
+# ANIONS #
+###############################################
+#
+# Anions from table 10.6
+#
+# Phosphate
+	Hfo_wOH + PO4-3 + 3H+ = Hfo_wH2PO4 + H2O
+	-log_k	31.29
+
+	Hfo_wOH + PO4-3 + 2H+ = Hfo_wHPO4- + H2O
+	-log_k	25.39
+
+	Hfo_wOH + PO4-3 + H+ = Hfo_wPO4-2 + H2O
+	-log_k	17.72
+#
+# Anions from table 10.7
+#
+# Borate
+	Hfo_wOH + H3BO3 = Hfo_wH2BO3 + H2O
+	-log_k	0.62
+#
+# Anions from table 10.8
+#
+# Sulfate
+	Hfo_wOH + SO4-2 + H+ = Hfo_wSO4- + H2O
+	-log_k	7.78
+
+	Hfo_wOH + SO4-2 = Hfo_wOHSO4-2
+	-log_k	0.79
+#
+# Derived constants table 10.10
+#
+	Hfo_wOH + F- + H+ = Hfo_wF + H2O
+	-log_k	8.7
+
+	Hfo_wOH + F- = Hfo_wOHF-
+	-log_k	1.6
+#
+# Carbonate: Van Geen et al., 1994 reoptimized for D&M model
+#
+	Hfo_wOH + CO3-2 + H+ = Hfo_wCO3- + H2O
+	-log_k	12.56
+
+	Hfo_wOH + CO3-2 + 2H+= Hfo_wHCO3 + H2O
+	-log_k	20.62
+#
+# Silicate: Swedlund, P.J. and Webster, J.G., 1999. Water Research 33, 3413-3422.
+#
+	Hfo_wOH + H4SiO4 = Hfo_wH3SiO4 + H2O        ; log_K   4.28 
+	Hfo_wOH + H4SiO4 = Hfo_wH2SiO4- + H+ + H2O  ; log_K  -3.22 
+	Hfo_wOH + H4SiO4 = Hfo_wHSiO4-2 + 2H+ + H2O ; log_K -11.69
+
+RATES
+
+###########
+#Quartz
+###########
+#
+#######
+# Example of quartz kinetic rates block:
+#	KINETICS
+#	Quartz
+#		-m0  158.8	    # 90 % Qu
+#		-parms 0.146  1.5
+#		-step 3.1536e8 in 10
+#		-tol 1e-12
+
+Quartz
+  -start
+1  REM  Specific rate k from Rimstidt and Barnes, 1980, GCA 44,1683
+2  REM  k = 10^-13.7 mol/m2/s (25 C), Ea = 90 kJ/mol
+3  REM  sp. rate * parm(2) due to salts (Dove and Rimstidt, MSA Rev. 29, 259)
+4  REM  PARM(1) = Specific area of Quartz, m^2/mol Quartz
+5  REM  PARM(2) = salt correction: (1 + 1.5 * c_Na (mM)), < 35
+
+10 dif_temp = 1/TK - 1/298
+20 pk_w = 13.7 + 4700.4 * dif_temp
+40 moles = PARM(1) * M0 * PARM(2) * (M/M0)^0.67 * 10^-pk_w * (1 -  SR("Quartz"))
+#			 Integrate...
+50 SAVE moles * TIME
+  -end
+
+###########
+#K-feldspar
+###########
+#
+# Sverdrup and Warfvinge, 1995, Estimating field weathering rates
+# using laboratory kinetics: Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry,
+# vol. 31, p. 485-541.
+#
+# As described in:
+# Appelo and Postma, 2005, Geochemistry, groundwater
+# and pollution, 2nd Edition: A.A. Balkema Publishers,
+# p. 162-163 and 395-399.
+#
+# Assume soil is 10% K-feldspar by mass in 1 mm spheres (radius 0.05 mm)
+# Assume density of rock and Kspar is 2600 kg/m^3 = 2.6 kg/L
+# GFW Kspar 0.278 kg/mol
+#
+# Moles of Kspar per liter pore space calculation:
+#   Mass of rock per liter pore space = 0.7*2.6/0.3       = 6.07     kg rock/L pore space
+#   Mass of Kspar per liter pore space 6.07x0.1           = 0.607    kg Kspar/L pore space
+#   Moles of Kspar per liter pore space 0.607/0.278       = 2.18     mol Kspar/L pore space
+#
+# Specific area calculation:
+#   Volume of sphere 4/3 x pi x r^3                       = 5.24e-13 m^3 Kspar/sphere
+#   Mass of sphere 2600 x 5.24e-13                        = 1.36e-9  kg Kspar/sphere
+#   Moles of Kspar in sphere 1.36e-9/0.278                = 4.90e-9  mol Kspar/sphere
+#   Surface area of one sphere 4 x pi x r^2               = 3.14e-8  m^2/sphere
+#   Specific area of K-feldspar in sphere 3.14e-8/4.90e-9 = 6.41 m^2/mol Kspar
+#
+#
+# Example of KINETICS data block for K-feldspar rate:
+#       KINETICS 1
+#       K-feldspar
+#               -m0 2.18            # 10% Kspar, 0.1 mm cubes
+#               -m  2.18            # Moles per L pore space
+#               -parms 6.41  0.1    # m^2/mol Kspar, fraction adjusts lab rate to field rate
+#               -time 1.5 year in 40
+
+K-feldspar
+ -start
+1   REM Sverdrup and Warfvinge, 1995, mol m^-2 s^-1
+2   REM PARM(1) = Specific area of Kspar m^2/mol Kspar
+3   REM PARM(2) = Adjusts lab rate to field rate
+4   REM temp corr: from A&P, p. 162. E (kJ/mol) / R / 2.303 = H in H*(1/T-1/281)
+5   REM K-Feldspar parameters
+10  DATA 11.7, 0.5, 4e-6, 0.4, 500e-6, 0.15, 14.5, 0.14, 0.15, 13.1, 0.3
+20  RESTORE 10
+30  READ pK_H, n_H, lim_Al, x_Al, lim_BC, x_BC, pK_H2O, z_Al, z_BC, pK_OH, o_OH
+40  DATA 3500, 2000, 2500, 2000
+50  RESTORE 40
+60  READ e_H, e_H2O, e_OH, e_CO2
+70  pk_CO2 = 13
+80  n_CO2 = 0.6
+100 REM Generic rate follows
+110 dif_temp = 1/TK - 1/281
+120 BC       = ACT("Na+") + ACT("K+") + ACT("Mg+2") + ACT("Ca+2")
+130 REM rate by H+
+140 pk_H     = pk_H + e_H * dif_temp
+150 rate_H   = 10^-pk_H * ACT("H+")^n_H / ((1 + ACT("Al+3") / lim_Al)^x_Al * (1 + BC / lim_BC)^x_BC)
+160 REM rate by hydrolysis
+170 pk_H2O   = pk_H2O + e_H2O * dif_temp
+180 rate_H2O = 10^-pk_H2O / ((1 + ACT("Al+3") / lim_Al)^z_Al * (1 + BC / lim_BC)^z_BC)
+190 REM rate by OH-
+200 pk_OH    = pk_OH + e_OH * dif_temp
+210 rate_OH  = 10^-pk_OH * ACT("OH-")^o_OH
+220 REM rate by CO2
+230 pk_CO2   = pk_CO2 + e_CO2 * dif_temp
+240 rate_CO2 = 10^-pk_CO2 * (SR("CO2(g)"))^n_CO2
+250 rate     = rate_H + rate_H2O + rate_OH + rate_CO2
+260 area     = PARM(1) * M0 *(M/M0)^0.67
+270 rate     = PARM(2) * area * rate * (1-SR("K-feldspar"))
+280 moles    = rate * TIME
+290 SAVE moles
+ -end
+
+
+###########
+#Albite
+###########
+#
+# Sverdrup and Warfvinge, 1995, Estimating field weathering rates
+# using laboratory kinetics: Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry,
+# vol. 31, p. 485-541.
+#
+# As described in:
+# Appelo and Postma, 2005, Geochemistry, groundwater
+# and pollution, 2nd Edition: A.A. Balkema Publishers,
+# p. 162-163 and 395-399.
+#
+# Example of KINETICS data block for Albite rate:
+#       KINETICS 1
+#       Albite
+#               -m0 0.46            # 2% Albite, 0.1 mm cubes
+#               -m  0.46            # Moles per L pore space
+#               -parms 6.04  0.1    # m^2/mol Albite, fraction adjusts lab rate to field rate
+#               -time 1.5 year in 40
+#
+# Assume soil is 2% Albite by mass in 1 mm spheres (radius 0.05 mm)
+# Assume density of rock and Albite is 2600 kg/m^3 = 2.6 kg/L
+# GFW Albite 0.262 kg/mol
+#
+# Moles of Albite per liter pore space calculation:
+#   Mass of rock per liter pore space = 0.7*2.6/0.3       = 6.07     kg rock/L pore space
+#   Mass of Albite per liter pore space 6.07x0.02         = 0.121    kg Albite/L pore space
+#   Moles of Albite per liter pore space 0.607/0.262      = 0.46     mol Albite/L pore space
+#
+# Specific area calculation:
+#   Volume of sphere 4/3 x pi x r^3                       = 5.24e-13 m^3 Albite/sphere
+#   Mass of sphere 2600 x 5.24e-13                        = 1.36e-9  kg Albite/sphere
+#   Moles of Albite in sphere 1.36e-9/0.262               = 5.20e-9  mol Albite/sphere
+#   Surface area of one sphere 4 x pi x r^2               = 3.14e-8  m^2/sphere
+#   Specific area of Albite in sphere 3.14e-8/5.20e-9     = 6.04 m^2/mol Albite
+
+Albite
+ -start
+1   REM Sverdrup and Warfvinge, 1995, mol m^-2 s^-1
+2   REM PARM(1) = Specific area of Albite m^2/mol Albite
+3   REM PARM(2) = Adjusts lab rate to field rate
+4   REM temp corr: from A&P, p. 162. E (kJ/mol) / R / 2.303 = H in H*(1/T-1/281)
+5   REM Albite parameters
+10  DATA 11.5, 0.5, 4e-6, 0.4, 500e-6, 0.2, 13.7, 0.14, 0.15, 11.8, 0.3
+20  RESTORE 10
+30  READ pK_H, n_H, lim_Al, x_Al, lim_BC, x_BC, pK_H2O, z_Al, z_BC, pK_OH, o_OH
+40  DATA 3500, 2000, 2500, 2000
+50  RESTORE 40
+60  READ e_H, e_H2O, e_OH, e_CO2
+70  pk_CO2 = 13
+80  n_CO2 = 0.6
+100 REM Generic rate follows
+110 dif_temp = 1/TK - 1/281
+120 BC       = ACT("Na+") + ACT("K+") + ACT("Mg+2") + ACT("Ca+2")
+130 REM rate by H+
+140 pk_H     = pk_H + e_H * dif_temp
+150 rate_H   = 10^-pk_H * ACT("H+")^n_H / ((1 + ACT("Al+3") / lim_Al)^x_Al * (1 + BC / lim_BC)^x_BC)
+160 REM rate by hydrolysis
+170 pk_H2O   = pk_H2O + e_H2O * dif_temp
+180 rate_H2O = 10^-pk_H2O / ((1 + ACT("Al+3") / lim_Al)^z_Al * (1 + BC / lim_BC)^z_BC)
+190 REM rate by OH-
+200 pk_OH    = pk_OH + e_OH * dif_temp
+210 rate_OH  = 10^-pk_OH * ACT("OH-")^o_OH
+220 REM rate by CO2
+230 pk_CO2   = pk_CO2 + e_CO2 * dif_temp
+240 rate_CO2 = 10^-pk_CO2 * (SR("CO2(g)"))^n_CO2
+250 rate     = rate_H + rate_H2O + rate_OH + rate_CO2
+260 area     = PARM(1) * M0 *(M/M0)^0.67
+270 rate     = PARM(2) * area * rate * (1-SR("Albite"))
+280 moles    = rate * TIME
+290 SAVE moles
+ -end
+
+########
+#Calcite
+########
+# Example of KINETICS data block for calcite rate,
+#   in mmol/cm2/s, Plummer et al., 1978, AJS 278, 179; Appelo et al., AG 13, 257.
+# KINETICS 1
+# Calcite
+# -tol   1e-8
+# -m0    3.e-3
+# -m     3.e-3
+# -parms 1.67e5   0.6  # cm^2/mol calcite, exp factor
+# -time  1 day
+
+Calcite
+   -start
+1   REM   PARM(1) = specific surface area of calcite, cm^2/mol calcite
+2   REM   PARM(2) = exponent for M/M0
+
+10  si_cc = SI("Calcite")
+20  IF (M <= 0  and si_cc < 0) THEN GOTO 200
+30  k1 = 10^(0.198 - 444.0 / TK )
+40  k2 = 10^(2.84 - 2177.0 /TK )
+50  IF TC <= 25 THEN k3 = 10^(-5.86 - 317.0 / TK)
+60  IF TC > 25 THEN k3 = 10^(-1.1 - 1737.0 / TK )
+80  IF M0 > 0 THEN area = PARM(1)*M0*(M/M0)^PARM(2) ELSE area = PARM(1)*M
+110 rate = area * (k1 * ACT("H+") + k2 * ACT("CO2") + k3 * ACT("H2O"))
+120 rate = rate * (1 - 10^(2/3*si_cc))
+130 moles = rate * 0.001 * TIME # convert from mmol to mol
+200 SAVE moles
+   -end
+
+#######
+#Pyrite
+#######
+#
+# Williamson, M.A. and Rimstidt, J.D., 1994,
+# Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, p. 5443-5454,
+# rate equation is mol m^-2 s^-1.
+#
+# Example of KINETICS data block for pyrite rate:
+#       KINETICS 1
+#       Pyrite
+#               -tol    1e-8
+#               -m0     5.e-4
+#               -m      5.e-4
+#               -parms  0.3     0.67     .5      -0.11
+#               -time 1 day in 10
+Pyrite
+  -start
+1   REM        Williamson and Rimstidt, 1994
+2   REM        PARM(1) = log10(specific area), log10(m^2 per mole pyrite)
+3   REM        PARM(2) = exp for (M/M0)
+4   REM        PARM(3) = exp for O2
+5   REM        PARM(4) = exp for H+
+
+10  REM Dissolution in presence of DO
+20  if (M <= 0) THEN GOTO 200
+30  if (SI("Pyrite") >= 0) THEN GOTO 200
+40  log_rate = -8.19 + PARM(3)*LM("O2") + PARM(4)*LM("H+")
+50  log_area = PARM(1) + LOG10(M0) + PARM(2)*LOG10(M/M0)
+60  moles = 10^(log_area + log_rate) * TIME
+200 SAVE moles
+  -end
+
+##########
+#Organic_C
+##########
+#
+# Example of KINETICS data block for SOC (sediment organic carbon):
+#       KINETICS 1
+#       Organic_C
+#               -formula C
+#               -tol    1e-8
+#               -m      5e-3   # SOC in mol
+#               -time 30 year in 15
+Organic_C
+ -start
+1   REM      Additive Monod kinetics for SOC (sediment organic carbon)
+2   REM      Electron acceptors: O2, NO3, and SO4
+
+10  if (M <= 0) THEN GOTO 200
+20  mO2   = MOL("O2")
+30  mNO3  = TOT("N(5)")
+40  mSO4  = TOT("S(6)")
+50  k_O2  = 1.57e-9    # 1/sec
+60  k_NO3 = 1.67e-11   # 1/sec
+70  k_SO4 = 1.e-13     # 1/sec
+80  rate  = k_O2 * mO2/(2.94e-4 + mO2)
+90  rate  = rate + k_NO3 * mNO3/(1.55e-4 + mNO3)
+100 rate  = rate + k_SO4 * mSO4/(1.e-4 + mSO4)
+110 moles = rate * M * (M/M0) * TIME
+200 SAVE moles
+ -end
+
+###########
+#Pyrolusite
+###########
+#
+# Postma, D. and Appelo, C.A.J., 2000, GCA, vol. 64, pp. 1237-1247.
+# Rate equation given as mol L^-1 s^-1
+#
+# Example of KINETICS data block for Pyrolusite
+#       KINETICS 1-12
+#       Pyrolusite
+#               -tol    1.e-7
+#               -m0     0.1
+#               -m      0.1
+#               -time 0.5 day in 10
+Pyrolusite
+  -start
+10  if (M <= 0) THEN GOTO 200
+20  sr_pl = SR("Pyrolusite")
+30  if (sr_pl > 1) THEN GOTO 100
+40  REM sr_pl <= 1, undersaturated
+50  Fe_t = TOT("Fe(2)")
+60  if Fe_t < 1e-8 then goto 200
+70  moles = 6.98e-5 * Fe_t  * (M/M0)^0.67 * TIME * (1 - sr_pl)
+80  GOTO 200
+100 REM sr_pl > 1, supersaturated
+110 moles = 2e-3 * 6.98e-5 * (1 - sr_pl) * TIME
+200 SAVE moles * SOLN_VOL
+  -end
+END
+# =============================================================================================
+#(a) means amorphous. (d) means disordered, or less crystalline. 
+#(14A) refers to 14 angstrom spacing of clay planes. FeS(ppt), 
+#precipitated, indicates an initial precipitate that is less crystalline. 
+#Zn(OH)2(e) indicates a specific crystal form, epsilon.
+# ============================================================================================= 
+# For the reaction aA + bB = cC + dD,
+#   with delta_v = c*Vm(C) + d*Vm(D) - a*Vm(A) - b*Vm(B),
+# PHREEQC adds the pressure term to log_k: -= delta_v * (P - 1) / (2.3RT).
+#   Vm(A) is volume of A, cm3/mol, P is pressure, atm, R is the gas constant, T is Kelvin.
+# Gas-pressures and fugacity coefficients are calculated with Peng-Robinson's EOS.
+#   Binary interaction coefficients from Soreide and Whitson, 1992, FPE 77, 217 are
+#    hard-coded in calc_PR():
+#    kij    CH4    CO2    H2S    N2
+#    H2O    0.49   0.19   0.19   0.49
+# =============================================================================================
+# The molar volumes of solids are entered with
+#                         -Vm vm cm3/mol
+#    vm is the molar volume, cm3/mol (default), but dm3/mol and m3/mol are permitted.
+# Data for minerals' vm (= MW (g/mol) / rho (g/cm3)) are defined using rho from
+#   Deer, Howie and Zussman, The rock-forming minerals, Longman.
+#                           --------------------
+# Temperature- and pressure-dependent volumina of aqueous species are calculated with a Redlich-
+#   type equation (cf. Redlich and Meyer, Chem. Rev. 64, 221), from parameters entered with 
+#                        -Vm a1 a2 a3 a4 W a0 i1 i2 i3 i4
+# The volume (cm3/mol) is
+#    Vm(T, pb, I) = 41.84 * (a1 * 0.1 + a2 * 100 / (2600 + pb)  + a3 / (T - 228) +
+#                            a4 * 1e4 / (2600 + pb) / (T - 228) - W * QBrn)
+#                   + z^2 / 2 * Av * f(I^0.5)
+#                   + (i1 + i2 / (T - 228) + i3 * (T - 228)) * I^i4
+#   Volumina at I = 0 are obtained using supcrt92 formulas (Johnson et al., 1992, CG 18, 899).
+#   41.84 transforms cal/bar/mol into cm3/mol.
+#   pb is pressure in bar.
+#   W * QBrn is the energy of solvation, calculated from W and the pressure dependence of the Born equation,
+#     W is fitted on measured solution densities.
+#   z is charge of the solute species.
+#   Av is the Debye-H�ckel limiting slope (DH_AV in PHREEQC basic).
+#   a0 is the ion-size parameter in the extended Debye-H�ckel equation:
+#     f(I^0.5) = I^0.5 / (1 + a0 * DH_B * I^0.5),
+#     a0 = -gamma x for cations, = 0 for anions.
+# For details, consult ref. 1.
+# =============================================================================================
+# The viscosity is calculated with a (modified) Jones-Dole equation:
+#    viscos / viscos_0 = 1 + A Sum(0.5 z_i m_i) + fan (B_i m_i + D_i m_i n_i)
+# Parameters are for calculating the B and D terms:
+#    -viscosity 9.35e-2 -8.31e-2 2.487e-2 4.49e-4 2.01e-2 1.570    0
+#    #           b0       b1       b2      d1       d2      d3     tan
+#    z_i is absolute charge number, m_i is molality of i
+#    B_i = b0 + b1 exp(-b2 * tc)
+#    fan = (2 - tan V_i / V_Cl-), corrects for the volume of anions
+#    D_i = d1 + exp(-d2 tc)
+#    n_i = ((1 + fI)^d3 + ((z_i^2 + z_i) / 2 � m_i)d^3 / (2 + fI), fI is an ionic strength term.
+# For details, consult ref. 4.
+#
+# ref. 1: Appelo, Parkhurst and Post, 2014. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 125, 49�67. 
+# ref. 2: Procedures from ref. 1 using data compiled by Lalibert�, 2009, J. Chem. Eng. Data 54, 1725.
+# ref. 3: Appelo, 2017, Cem. Concr. Res. 101, 102-113.
+# ref. 4: Appelo and Parkhurst in prep., for details see subroutine viscosity in transport.cpp
+#
+# =============================================================================================
+# It remains the responsibility of the user to check the calculated results, for example with
+#   measured solubilities as a function of (P, T).