provared-langchain 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

provared_langchain/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+# A LangChain middleware that puts every tool call of an agent behind
+# Provared's stub writer.
+#
+# Each call asks the check before acting first, runs the tool only if the
+# person's slip allows the action, and leaves a signed stub that names the
+# fingerprint of the call's arguments. A call that the slip does not allow
+# is not run, and the model is told why, as the tool's answer.
+#
+# It uses only the public interface of the "provared" package (record_tools,
+# NotTaken, Refusal) and LangChain's own middleware hooks.
+
+import asyncio
+import contextvars
+import threading
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+
+import pydantic
+from langchain.agents.middleware import AgentMiddleware
+from langchain_core.messages import ToolMessage
+from provared import NotTaken, Refusal, record_tools
+
+__all__ = ['ProvaredMiddleware']
+__version__ = '0.1.0'
+
+_UNLISTED = ('refuse', 'run')
+_MEMBERS = ('action', 'with', 'amount', 'details', 'countersign', 'approve')
+
+
+class _ToolAnsweredWithError(Exception):
+    """The tool answered with an error: it did not do what was asked, so its
+    stub is not written. The answer is handed back to the model as it is."""
+
+    def __init__(self, answer):
+        super().__init__('the tool answered with an error')
+        self.answer = answer
+
+
+class ProvaredMiddleware(AgentMiddleware):
+    """Records every tool call of a LangChain agent with Provared.
+
+    writer: the stub writer (provared.open_recorder), for the slip the
+    person signed for this agent.
+    tools: a dict of the agent's tools by name. For each tool, the action
+    name the slip uses for what it does, or a dict as for a tool of
+    provared.record_tools, without "run": "action", and where they apply
+    "with", "amount", "details", "countersign" and "approve".
+    unlisted: what to do with a call of a tool that is not in "tools":
+    "refuse" (the default: the tool is not run, the model is told so, and
+    a RuntimeWarning is given) or "run" (the tool is run, and no stub is
+    written).
+    on_stub: a function of the stub and the tool's name, called after each
+    stub is written, for example to keep the book.
+
+    It must come last among the middleware that wrap tool calls, so that
+    nothing between it and the tool can change the call or answer in the
+    tool's place; otherwise the first call raises provared.Refusal.
+
+    A call's arguments are first checked against the tool's schema, as
+    LangChain would check them, and written in their JSON form: that form
+    is what is fingerprinted, what the functions above are handed, and
+    what the tool is run with. A call that does not fit the schema, that
+    the slip does not allow, or that cannot be recorded, is not run: the
+    model is handed a failed tool answer that says why. A tool that answers
+    with an error, or raises, leaves no stub; its exception is passed on.
+    Raises provared.Refusal, "bad-field", if a tool is not described as set
+    out above."""
+
+    def __init__(self, writer, tools, *, unlisted='refuse', on_stub=None):
+        super().__init__()
+        self._recorded, self._handler = _described(writer, tools, unlisted, on_stub, 'middleware')
+        self._unlisted = unlisted
+
+    def wrap_tool_call(self, request, handler):
+        _must_be_last(handler)
+        tool = self._recorded.get(request.tool_call['name'])
+        if tool is None:
+            return handler(request) if self._unlisted == 'run' else _undescribed(request)
+        args = _checked(request)
+        if isinstance(args, ToolMessage):
+            return args
+        ran = []
+
+        def run(copy):
+            ran.append(True)
+            return _answered(handler(_with_args(request, copy)), request.tool_call['id'])
+
+        return self._recorded_call(request, tool, args, run, ran)
+
+    async def awrap_tool_call(self, request, handler):
+        _must_be_last(handler)
+        tool = self._recorded.get(request.tool_call['name'])
+        if tool is None:
+            return (await handler(request)) if self._unlisted == 'run' else _undescribed(request)
+        args = _checked(request)
+        if isinstance(args, ToolMessage):
+            return args
+        call = _OnTheLoop(asyncio.get_running_loop())
+
+        def run(copy):
+            return _answered(call.run_tool(lambda: handler(_with_args(request, copy))), request.tool_call['id'])
+
+        return await call.run_writer(lambda: self._recorded_call(request, tool, args, run, call.ran))
+
+    def _recorded_call(self, request, tool, args, run, ran):
+        token = self._handler.set(run)
+        try:
+            return tool(args)
+        except (NotTaken, Refusal) as e:
+            # Raised by the tool itself, once it was run: passed on, as any error of the tool.
+            if ran:
+                raise
+            return _not_run(request, e.message) if isinstance(e, Refusal) else _failed(request, e.message)
+        except _ToolAnsweredWithError as e:
+            return e.answer
+        finally:
+            self._handler.reset(token)
+
+
+class _OnTheLoop:
+    """One recorded call in an asynchronous agent. The stub writer is an
+    ordinary function that may wait, so it is run in a thread of its own,
+    not one of the event loop's shared threads, which the tool itself may
+    need. The tool is run on the event loop, in the context of that thread,
+    which carries the writer's mark, so a tool that calls the writer is
+    refused at once. Cancelling the call cancels the tool, as it would
+    without the writer: no stub is written, and the writer goes on."""
+
+    def __init__(self, loop):
+        self._loop = loop
+        self._guard = threading.Lock()
+        self._tool = None
+        self._cancelled = False
+        self.ran = []
+
+    def run_tool(self, start):
+        with self._guard:
+            if self._cancelled:
+                raise RuntimeError('The call was cancelled before the tool ran.')
+            coroutine = start()
+            try:
+                self._tool = asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(coroutine, self._loop)
+            except BaseException:
+                coroutine.close()
+                raise
+            self.ran.append(True)
+        return self._tool.result()
+
+    async def run_writer(self, work):
+        future = self._loop.create_future()
+        context = contextvars.copy_context()
+
+        def settle(value, error):
+            if future.done():
+                return
+            if error is None:
+                future.set_result(value)
+            else:
+                future.set_exception(error)
+
+        def job():
+            value, error = None, None
+            try:
+                value = context.run(work)
+            except Exception as e:
+                error = e
+            except BaseException as e:  # noqa: BLE001
+                error = RuntimeError(f'The stub writer stopped with {type(e).__name__}.')
+            try:
+                self._loop.call_soon_threadsafe(settle, value, error)
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass  # the event loop has closed
+
+        threading.Thread(target=job, daemon=True, name='provared-writer').start()
+        try:
+            return await future
+        except asyncio.CancelledError:
+            with self._guard:
+                self._cancelled = True
+                if self._tool is not None:
+                    self._tool.cancel()
+            raise
+
+
+def _described(writer, tools, unlisted, on_stub, what):
+    """Each tool's description, checked and fixed: a mistake shows when the agent is built."""
+    if not isinstance(tools, Mapping):
+        raise Refusal('bad-field', 'tools: must be a dict of the tools by name.')
+    if unlisted not in _UNLISTED:
+        raise Refusal('bad-field', 'unlisted: must be "refuse" or "run".')
+    handler = contextvars.ContextVar(f'provared_{what}_{id(tools)}')
+    described = {}
+    for name, spec in tools.items():
+        if isinstance(spec, str):
+            spec = {'action': spec}
+        if not isinstance(spec, Mapping):
+            raise Refusal('bad-field', f'tools.{name}: must be an action name, or a dict that describes the tool.')
+        for member in spec:
+            if member == 'run':
+                raise Refusal('bad-field', f'tools.{name}.run: is not given here. The {what} runs the tool that the framework calls.')
+            if member not in _MEMBERS:
+                hint = ' (write "with", not "with_")' if member == 'with_' else ''
+                raise Refusal('bad-field', f'tools.{name}.{member}: is not a member of a tool\'s description{hint}. They are: {", ".join(_MEMBERS)}.')
+        described[name] = {**spec, 'run': lambda args: handler.get()(args)}
+    return record_tools(writer, described, on_stub=on_stub), handler
+
+
+def _must_be_last(handler):
+    # When another middleware that wraps tool calls comes after this one,
+    # LangChain hands this one a function of its own chain, not the tool.
+    if getattr(handler, '__module__', None) == 'langchain.agents.factory' and getattr(handler, '__qualname__', '').endswith('.call_inner'):
+        raise Refusal('bad-field', 'middleware: ProvaredMiddleware must come last among the middleware that wrap tool calls, '
+                                   'so that nothing between it and the tool can change the call. Move it to the end of the list.')
+
+
+def _checked(request):
+    """The arguments, checked against the tool's schema as LangChain checks
+    them, in their JSON form; or the failed answer where they do not fit."""
+    args = request.tool_call['args']
+    schema = getattr(request.tool, 'tool_call_schema', None) if request.tool is not None else None
+    if not (isinstance(schema, type) and issubclass(schema, pydantic.BaseModel)):
+        return args
+    try:
+        return schema.model_validate(args).model_dump(mode='json')
+    except pydantic.ValidationError as e:
+        found = '; '.join(f"{'.'.join(str(p) for p in error['loc']) or 'the arguments'}: {error['msg']}" for error in e.errors())
+        return _not_run(request, f'Its arguments do not fit what the tool takes ({found}).')
+
+
+def _undescribed(request):
+    name = request.tool_call['name']
+    warnings.warn(f'ProvaredMiddleware: the agent called the tool "{name}", which is not described to it, so it was not run.',
+                  RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=3)
+    return _not_run(request, 'Provared records no tool of that name.')
+
+
+def _with_args(request, args):
+    """The request, with the copy of the arguments that was fingerprinted."""
+    return request.override(tool_call={**request.tool_call, 'args': args})
+
+
+def _answered(answer, call_id):
+    """The tool's answer; raises where it is an error, given as a message or
+    as a Command whose update holds the error message for this call."""
+    if isinstance(answer, ToolMessage):
+        failed = answer.status == 'error'
+    else:
+        failed = any(isinstance(m, ToolMessage) and m.status == 'error' and m.tool_call_id == call_id for m in _messages_of(answer))
+    if failed:
+        raise _ToolAnsweredWithError(answer)
+    return answer
+
+
+def _messages_of(command):
+    """The messages that a Command's update holds, in any of the forms LangGraph takes."""
+    update = getattr(command, 'update', None)
+    if isinstance(update, dict):
+        pairs = update.items()
+    elif isinstance(update, (list, tuple)):
+        pairs = [pair for pair in update if isinstance(pair, tuple) and len(pair) == 2]
+    else:
+        pairs = [('messages', getattr(update, 'messages', None))]
+    found = []
+    for key, value in pairs:
+        if key == 'messages':
+            found.extend(value if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) else [value])
+    return found
+
+
+def _failed(request, message):
+    call = request.tool_call
+    return ToolMessage(content=message, name=call['name'], tool_call_id=call['id'], status='error')
+
+
+def _not_run(request, why):
+    return _failed(request, f'The tool "{request.tool_call["name"]}" was not run. {why}')

provared_langchain-0.1.0.dist-info/METADATA

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+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: provared-langchain
+Version: 0.1.0
+Summary: A LangChain middleware that checks each tool call of an agent against the permission a person signed, and records it with Provared. Evidence, not a verdict.
+Author: Pavel Izmaylov
+License-Expression: Apache-2.0 AND CC-BY-4.0
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/provared/provared
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://github.com/provared/provared/tree/main/python/integrations/provared-langchain
+Project-URL: Issues, https://github.com/provared/provared/issues
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Topic :: Security :: Cryptography
+Requires-Python: >=3.11
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-File: LICENSE
+License-File: LICENSE-CC-BY-4.0.txt
+Requires-Dist: provared>=0.2.0
+Requires-Dist: langchain<2,>=1.4
+Requires-Dist: langchain-core<2,>=1.6
+Requires-Dist: pydantic>=2
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+# provared-langchain
+
+A LangChain middleware that checks each tool call of an agent against
+the permission a person signed, runs the tool only if the permission
+allows it, and records the call with
+[Provared](https://github.com/provared/provared).
+
+*Evidence, not a verdict.*
+
+**Version 0.1.0, a draft**, as Provared itself is. Published as it is, by
+one author in their own time; fixes as time allows.
+
+## What it does
+
+Provared is a way to prove what an AI agent was allowed to do, and what
+it then did. A person signs a **slip** with a passkey: which agent, which
+actions, which limits, until when. Beside the agent, Provared's stub
+writer checks each action against the slip before it is taken and, if it
+is allowed, writes a signed **stub** for it into a book that anyone can
+check later.
+
+`ProvaredMiddleware` puts every tool call of a LangChain agent
+(`create_agent`) behind that stub writer:
+
+- **Allowed:** the tool runs, and a stub is written. The stub names the
+  action, the amount and the other party where they apply, and the
+  SHA-256 fingerprint of the call's arguments, so the record fixes
+  exactly what was asked for without holding it.
+- **Not allowed** (over a limit, an action the slip does not name, after
+  the slip ends or was cancelled): the tool is not run, nothing is
+  written, and the model is handed a failed tool answer that says why,
+  for example: `The tool "order_supplies" was not run. With this action
+  the total would be 280 GBP. The slip's limit is 100 GBP: over by 180.`
+- **A tool that is not described** to the middleware is not run either,
+  unless you pass `unlisted="run"`: the model is told, and Python gives a
+  `RuntimeWarning`, so that a misspelt name shows.
+
+## Install
+
+```
+pip install provared-langchain
+```
+
+You need Python 3.11 or later. It installs `provared`, `langchain`,
+`langchain-core` and `pydantic`.
+
+## Use
+
+```python
+from langchain.agents import create_agent
+from provared import open_recorder
+from provared_langchain import ProvaredMiddleware
+
+# The stub writer, on the book that holds the person's signed slip.
+writer = open_recorder(book_text, slip_fingerprint, agent_private_keys, issuer_keys=[passkey_thumbprint])
+
+# Last in the list: any middleware that wraps tool calls goes before it.
+agent = create_agent(model, tools=[order_supplies, send_message], middleware=[
+    ProvaredMiddleware(writer, {
+        'order_supplies': {'action': 'supplies.order', 'with': 'supplier',
+                           'amount': lambda args: {'unit': 'GBP', 'value': args['total_gbp']}},
+        'send_message': 'provared.message.send',
+    }),
+])
+
+agent.invoke({'messages': [{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Order paper.'}]})
+book_text, held = writer.snapshot()   # keep both together
+```
+
+For each tool, give the action name the slip uses for it, or a dict as
+for `provared.record_tools`, without `run`: `action`, and where they apply
+`with`, `amount`, `details`, `countersign` and `approve`. Each is checked
+when the middleware is made, so a mistake in a description, such as a
+misspelt member, shows when the agent is built.
+How to make a slip, a book and the agent's keys is in Provared's
+[README](https://github.com/provared/provared/blob/main/README.md) and
+[Python README](https://github.com/provared/provared/blob/main/python/README.md).
+
+## What to know
+
+- **It must come last** among the middleware that wrap tool calls (human
+  review, retries, error handling, caching): put those before it. Then a
+  reviewer's change, or each retry, is checked and recorded as the call
+  the tool receives, and nothing can answer in the tool's place after
+  the check. If it is not last, the first tool call raises
+  `provared.Refusal`.
+- **The arguments are checked against the tool's schema first**, as
+  LangChain checks them, and written in their JSON form. That form is
+  what is fingerprinted, what the functions in a tool's description
+  (`amount`, `with` and so on) are handed, and what the tool is run
+  with; LangChain then reads it as it reads a model's arguments. So
+  `"30"` given for a whole number is recorded as `30`. A call that does
+  not fit is not run, and the model is told what is wrong.
+- **No stub without a result.** A tool that raises leaves no stub, and
+  its error is passed on, as LangChain passes it on. A tool that answers
+  with an error leaves no stub either.
+- **Ordinary and asynchronous agents** both work (`invoke` and
+  `ainvoke`). In an asynchronous agent the stub writer, an ordinary
+  function that may wait, runs in a thread of its own for each call, and
+  the tool runs on the event loop. Cancelling a run cancels a tool that
+  is waiting: no stub is written, and the writer goes on. An ordinary
+  tool that LangChain is already running in a thread cannot be stopped:
+  it finishes, and leaves no stub, because its call was cancelled.
+- **In an asynchronous program, do not call the stub writer on the event
+  loop while an agent may be running**, not even `writer.snapshot()`: it
+  waits for the action it is taking, and that action needs the event
+  loop. Call it from a thread: `await asyncio.to_thread(writer.snapshot)`.
+- **One call at a time.** The stub writer takes one call at a time and
+  holds it while the tool runs, so tools that LangChain would run side by
+  side run one after another.
+- **A tool must not call the stub writer.** From the tool itself, such a
+  call is refused at once. From a thread that the tool starts without
+  its context, it waits until the tool ends, so the tool must not wait
+  for it.
+- **It covers the tool calls that LangChain runs.** A tool that the
+  model's own service runs on its side, such as a built-in web search,
+  never reaches LangChain's tools and is not recorded.
+- **A fingerprint can be guessed** where the arguments are few and easy
+  to guess, such as one short name.
+- **What the record shows, and what it does not,** is set out in
+  Provared's README and its
+  [list of threats](https://github.com/provared/provared/blob/main/docs/threat-model.md).
+  In short: it shows what was recorded under a slip the person signed,
+  not what was left out, and not whether an action was wise or lawful.
+
+## Tests
+
+In a copy of the repository (the tests use the invented world in
+`python/examples/`), from this folder, with LangChain and Provared
+installed:
+
+```
+PYTHONPATH=src python -m unittest discover -s tests
+```
+
+The tests run an agent with LangChain's own stand-in model, scripted in
+advance. No AI service is called, and a guard refuses any connection
+outside the program while they run.
+
+## Licences
+
+As for the rest of the repository: the Apache License 2.0 for the code,
+and Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 for this page.

provared_langchain-0.1.0.dist-info/RECORD

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+provared_langchain-0.1.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=z8d0m5b2O9McPEK1xHG_dWgUBT6EfBDz6wA0F7xSPTA,11358
+provared_langchain-0.1.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-CC-BY-4.0.txt,sha256=m6lVCtSEONCDbdqz2kgLO2n_oKrHt4eLWgA556tClBE,18657
+provared_langchain-0.1.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=4FKoJ6UBaeno7_kL8Q8NW9nVjzv9snjBfwQp8Dj55jE,7781
+provared_langchain-0.1.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=YVMoNqKzERt-wjUZwJ33xBGAwnFl-4cqbYkTtWa4itE,91
+provared_langchain-0.1.0.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=vFYuBVK5-hBdelyzzYl3WQDU6CtzkEH61m_CR63ZdEs,19
+provared_langchain-0.1.0.dist-info/RECORD,,

provared_langchain-0.1.0.dist-info/WHEEL

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (84.0.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+

provared_langchain-0.1.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
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provared_langchain-0.1.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-CC-BY-4.0.txt

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provared_langchain-0.1.0.dist-info/top_level.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+provared_langchain