polars-runtime-compat 1.34.0b3__cp39-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl → 1.34.0b4__cp39-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

polars/expr/string.py

@@ -1,3045 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import warnings
-from collections.abc import Mapping
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
-
-import polars._reexport as pl
-from polars import functions as F
-from polars._utils.deprecation import deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments, deprecated
-from polars._utils.parse import parse_into_expression
-from polars._utils.unstable import unstable
-from polars._utils.various import (
-    find_stacklevel,
-    issue_warning,
-    no_default,
-    qualified_type_name,
-)
-from polars._utils.wrap import wrap_expr
-from polars.datatypes import Date, Datetime, Int64, Time, parse_into_datatype_expr
-from polars.exceptions import ChronoFormatWarning
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    import sys
-
-    from polars import Expr
-    from polars._typing import (
-        Ambiguous,
-        IntoExpr,
-        IntoExprColumn,
-        PolarsDataType,
-        PolarsIntegerType,
-        PolarsTemporalType,
-        TimeUnit,
-        TransferEncoding,
-        UnicodeForm,
-    )
-    from polars._utils.various import NoDefault
-
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
-        from warnings import deprecated
-    else:
-        from typing_extensions import deprecated  # noqa: TC004
-
-
-class ExprStringNameSpace:
-    """Namespace for string related expressions."""
-
-    _accessor = "str"
-
-    def __init__(self, expr: Expr) -> None:
-        self._pyexpr = expr._pyexpr
-
-    def to_date(
-        self,
-        format: str | None = None,
-        *,
-        strict: bool = True,
-        exact: bool = True,
-        cache: bool = True,
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Convert a String column into a Date column.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        format
-            Format to use for conversion. Refer to the `chrono crate documentation
-            <https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/format/strftime/index.html>`_
-            for the full specification. Example: `"%Y-%m-%d"`.
-            If set to None (default), the format is inferred from the data.
-        strict
-            Raise an error if any conversion fails.
-        exact
-            Require an exact format match. If False, allow the format to match anywhere
-            in the target string.
-
-            .. note::
-                Using `exact=False` introduces a performance penalty - cleaning your
-                data beforehand will almost certainly be more performant.
-        cache
-            Use a cache of unique, converted dates to apply the conversion.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> s = pl.Series(["2020/01/01", "2020/02/01", "2020/03/01"])
-        >>> s.str.to_date()
-        shape: (3,)
-        Series: '' [date]
-        [
-                2020-01-01
-                2020-02-01
-                2020-03-01
-        ]
-        """
-        _validate_format_argument(format)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_to_date(format, strict, exact, cache))
-
-    def to_datetime(
-        self,
-        format: str | None = None,
-        *,
-        time_unit: TimeUnit | None = None,
-        time_zone: str | None = None,
-        strict: bool = True,
-        exact: bool = True,
-        cache: bool = True,
-        ambiguous: Ambiguous | Expr = "raise",
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Convert a String column into a Datetime column.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        format
-            Format to use for conversion. Refer to the `chrono crate documentation
-            <https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/format/strftime/index.html>`_
-            for the full specification. Example: `"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`.
-            If set to None (default), the format is inferred from the data.
-        time_unit : {None, 'us', 'ns', 'ms'}
-            Unit of time for the resulting Datetime column. If set to None (default),
-            the time unit is inferred from the format string if given, eg:
-            `"%F %T%.3f"` => `Datetime("ms")`. If no fractional second component is
-            found, the default is `"us"`.
-        time_zone
-            Time zone for the resulting Datetime column. Rules are:
-
-            - If inputs are tz-naive and `time_zone` is None, the result time zone is
-              `None`.
-            - If inputs are offset-aware and `time_zone` is None, inputs are converted
-              to `'UTC'` and the result time zone is `'UTC'`.
-            - If inputs are offset-aware and `time_zone` is given, inputs are converted
-              to `time_zone` and the result time zone is `time_zone`.
-            - If inputs are tz-naive and `time_zone` is given, input time zones are
-              replaced with (not converted to!) `time_zone`, and the result time zone
-              is `time_zone`.
-        strict
-            Raise an error if any conversion fails.
-        exact
-            Require an exact format match. If False, allow the format to match anywhere
-            in the target string.
-
-            .. note::
-                Using `exact=False` introduces a performance penalty - cleaning your
-                data beforehand will almost certainly be more performant.
-        cache
-            Use a cache of unique, converted datetimes to apply the conversion.
-        ambiguous
-            Determine how to deal with ambiguous datetimes:
-
-            - `'raise'` (default): raise
-            - `'earliest'`: use the earliest datetime
-            - `'latest'`: use the latest datetime
-            - `'null'`: set to null
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> s = pl.Series(["2020-01-01 01:00Z", "2020-01-01 02:00Z"])
-        >>> s.str.to_datetime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M%#z")
-        shape: (2,)
-        Series: '' [datetime[μs, UTC]]
-        [
-                2020-01-01 01:00:00 UTC
-                2020-01-01 02:00:00 UTC
-        ]
-        """
-        _validate_format_argument(format)
-        if not isinstance(ambiguous, pl.Expr):
-            ambiguous = F.lit(ambiguous)
-        return wrap_expr(
-            self._pyexpr.str_to_datetime(
-                format,
-                time_unit,
-                time_zone,
-                strict,
-                exact,
-                cache,
-                ambiguous._pyexpr,
-            )
-        )
-
-    def to_time(
-        self,
-        format: str | None = None,
-        *,
-        strict: bool = True,
-        cache: bool = True,
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Convert a String column into a Time column.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        format
-            Format to use for conversion. Refer to the `chrono crate documentation
-            <https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/format/strftime/index.html>`_
-            for the full specification. Example: `"%H:%M:%S"`.
-            If set to None (default), the format is inferred from the data.
-        strict
-            Raise an error if any conversion fails.
-        cache
-            Use a cache of unique, converted times to apply the conversion.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> s = pl.Series(["01:00", "02:00", "03:00"])
-        >>> s.str.to_time("%H:%M")
-        shape: (3,)
-        Series: '' [time]
-        [
-                01:00:00
-                02:00:00
-                03:00:00
-        ]
-        """
-        _validate_format_argument(format)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_to_time(format, strict, cache))
-
-    def strptime(
-        self,
-        dtype: PolarsTemporalType,
-        format: str | None = None,
-        *,
-        strict: bool = True,
-        exact: bool = True,
-        cache: bool = True,
-        ambiguous: Ambiguous | Expr = "raise",
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Convert a String column into a Date/Datetime/Time column.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        dtype
-            The data type to convert into. Can be either Date, Datetime, or Time.
-        format
-            Format to use for conversion. Refer to the `chrono crate documentation
-            <https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/format/strftime/index.html>`_
-            for the full specification. Example: `"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`.
-            If set to None (default), the format is inferred from the data.
-        strict
-            Raise an error if any conversion fails.
-        exact
-            Require an exact format match. If False, allow the format to match anywhere
-            in the target string. Conversion to the Time type is always exact.
-
-            .. note::
-                Using `exact=False` introduces a performance penalty - cleaning your
-                data beforehand will almost certainly be more performant.
-        cache
-            Use a cache of unique, converted dates to apply the datetime conversion.
-        ambiguous
-            Determine how to deal with ambiguous datetimes:
-
-            - `'raise'` (default): raise
-            - `'earliest'`: use the earliest datetime
-            - `'latest'`: use the latest datetime
-            - `'null'`: set to null
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        When converting to a Datetime type, the time unit is inferred from the format
-        string if given, eg: `"%F %T%.3f"` => `Datetime("ms")`. If no fractional
-        second component is found, the default is `"us"`.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        Dealing with a consistent format:
-
-        >>> s = pl.Series(["2020-01-01 01:00Z", "2020-01-01 02:00Z"])
-        >>> s.str.strptime(pl.Datetime, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M%#z")
-        shape: (2,)
-        Series: '' [datetime[μs, UTC]]
-        [
-                2020-01-01 01:00:00 UTC
-                2020-01-01 02:00:00 UTC
-        ]
-
-        Dealing with different formats.
-
-        >>> s = pl.Series(
-        ...     "date",
-        ...     [
-        ...         "2021-04-22",
-        ...         "2022-01-04 00:00:00",
-        ...         "01/31/22",
-        ...         "Sun Jul  8 00:34:60 2001",
-        ...     ],
-        ... )
-        >>> s.to_frame().select(
-        ...     pl.coalesce(
-        ...         pl.col("date").str.strptime(pl.Date, "%F", strict=False),
-        ...         pl.col("date").str.strptime(pl.Date, "%F %T", strict=False),
-        ...         pl.col("date").str.strptime(pl.Date, "%D", strict=False),
-        ...         pl.col("date").str.strptime(pl.Date, "%c", strict=False),
-        ...     )
-        ... ).to_series()
-        shape: (4,)
-        Series: 'date' [date]
-        [
-                2021-04-22
-                2022-01-04
-                2022-01-31
-                2001-07-08
-        ]
-        """
-        if dtype == Date:
-            return self.to_date(format, strict=strict, exact=exact, cache=cache)
-        elif dtype == Datetime:
-            time_unit = getattr(dtype, "time_unit", None)
-            time_zone = getattr(dtype, "time_zone", None)
-            return self.to_datetime(
-                format,
-                time_unit=time_unit,
-                time_zone=time_zone,
-                strict=strict,
-                exact=exact,
-                cache=cache,
-                ambiguous=ambiguous,
-            )
-        elif dtype == Time:
-            return self.to_time(format, strict=strict, cache=cache)
-        else:
-            msg = "`dtype` must be of type {Date, Datetime, Time}"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-    @deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments(allowed_args=["self"], version="1.20.0")
-    @unstable()
-    def to_decimal(self, *, scale: int) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Convert a String column into a Decimal column.
-
-        .. warning::
-            This functionality is considered **unstable**. It may be changed
-            at any point without it being considered a breaking change.
-
-        .. versionchanged:: 1.20.0
-            Parameter `inference_length` should now be passed as a keyword argument.
-
-        .. versionchanged:: 1.33.0
-            Parameter `inference_length` was removed and `scale` was made non-optional.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        scale
-            Number of digits after the comma to use for the decimals.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "numbers": [
-        ...             "40.12",
-        ...             "3420.13",
-        ...             "120134.19",
-        ...             "3212.98",
-        ...             "12.90",
-        ...             "143.09",
-        ...             "143.9",
-        ...         ]
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(numbers_decimal=pl.col("numbers").str.to_decimal(scale=2))
-        shape: (7, 2)
-        ┌───────────┬─────────────────┐
-        │ numbers   ┆ numbers_decimal │
-        │ ---       ┆ ---             │
-        │ str       ┆ decimal[38,2]   │
-        ╞═══════════╪═════════════════╡
-        │ 40.12     ┆ 40.12           │
-        │ 3420.13   ┆ 3420.13         │
-        │ 120134.19 ┆ 120134.19       │
-        │ 3212.98   ┆ 3212.98         │
-        │ 12.90     ┆ 12.90           │
-        │ 143.09    ┆ 143.09          │
-        │ 143.9     ┆ 143.90          │
-        └───────────┴─────────────────┘
-        """
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_to_decimal(scale=scale))
-
-    def len_bytes(self) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Return the length of each string as the number of bytes.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`UInt32`.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        len_chars
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        When working with non-ASCII text, the length in bytes is not the same as the
-        length in characters. You may want to use :func:`len_chars` instead.
-        Note that :func:`len_bytes` is much more performant (_O(1)_) than
-        :func:`len_chars` (_O(n)_).
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"a": ["Café", "345", "東京", None]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("a").str.len_bytes().alias("n_bytes"),
-        ...     pl.col("a").str.len_chars().alias("n_chars"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (4, 3)
-        ┌──────┬─────────┬─────────┐
-        │ a    ┆ n_bytes ┆ n_chars │
-        │ ---  ┆ ---     ┆ ---     │
-        │ str  ┆ u32     ┆ u32     │
-        ╞══════╪═════════╪═════════╡
-        │ Café ┆ 5       ┆ 4       │
-        │ 345  ┆ 3       ┆ 3       │
-        │ 東京 ┆ 6       ┆ 2       │
-        │ null ┆ null    ┆ null    │
-        └──────┴─────────┴─────────┘
-        """
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_len_bytes())
-
-    def len_chars(self) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Return the length of each string as the number of characters.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`UInt32`.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        len_bytes
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        When working with ASCII text, use :func:`len_bytes` instead to achieve
-        equivalent output with much better performance:
-        :func:`len_bytes` runs in _O(1)_, while :func:`len_chars` runs in (_O(n)_).
-
-        A character is defined as a `Unicode scalar value`_. A single character is
-        represented by a single byte when working with ASCII text, and a maximum of
-        4 bytes otherwise.
-
-        .. _Unicode scalar value: https://www.unicode.org/glossary/#unicode_scalar_value
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"a": ["Café", "345", "東京", None]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("a").str.len_chars().alias("n_chars"),
-        ...     pl.col("a").str.len_bytes().alias("n_bytes"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (4, 3)
-        ┌──────┬─────────┬─────────┐
-        │ a    ┆ n_chars ┆ n_bytes │
-        │ ---  ┆ ---     ┆ ---     │
-        │ str  ┆ u32     ┆ u32     │
-        ╞══════╪═════════╪═════════╡
-        │ Café ┆ 4       ┆ 5       │
-        │ 345  ┆ 3       ┆ 3       │
-        │ 東京 ┆ 2       ┆ 6       │
-        │ null ┆ null    ┆ null    │
-        └──────┴─────────┴─────────┘
-        """
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_len_chars())
-
-    def to_uppercase(self) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Modify strings to their uppercase equivalent.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"foo": ["cat", "dog"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(foo_upper=pl.col("foo").str.to_uppercase())
-        shape: (2, 2)
-        ┌─────┬───────────┐
-        │ foo ┆ foo_upper │
-        │ --- ┆ ---       │
-        │ str ┆ str       │
-        ╞═════╪═══════════╡
-        │ cat ┆ CAT       │
-        │ dog ┆ DOG       │
-        └─────┴───────────┘
-        """
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_to_uppercase())
-
-    def to_lowercase(self) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Modify strings to their lowercase equivalent.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"foo": ["CAT", "DOG"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(foo_lower=pl.col("foo").str.to_lowercase())
-        shape: (2, 2)
-        ┌─────┬───────────┐
-        │ foo ┆ foo_lower │
-        │ --- ┆ ---       │
-        │ str ┆ str       │
-        ╞═════╪═══════════╡
-        │ CAT ┆ cat       │
-        │ DOG ┆ dog       │
-        └─────┴───────────┘
-        """
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_to_lowercase())
-
-    def to_titlecase(self) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Modify strings to their titlecase equivalent.
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        This is a form of case transform where the first letter of each word is
-        capitalized, with the rest of the word in lowercase. Non-alphanumeric
-        characters define the word boundaries.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "quotes": [
-        ...             "'e.t. phone home'",
-        ...             "you talkin' to me?",
-        ...             "to infinity,and BEYOND!",
-        ...         ]
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     quotes_title=pl.col("quotes").str.to_titlecase(),
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 2)
-        ┌─────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────┐
-        │ quotes                  ┆ quotes_title            │
-        │ ---                     ┆ ---                     │
-        │ str                     ┆ str                     │
-        ╞═════════════════════════╪═════════════════════════╡
-        │ 'e.t. phone home'       ┆ 'E.T. Phone Home'       │
-        │ you talkin' to me?      ┆ You Talkin' To Me?      │
-        │ to infinity,and BEYOND! ┆ To Infinity,And Beyond! │
-        └─────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┘
-        """
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_to_titlecase())
-
-    def strip_chars(self, characters: IntoExpr = None) -> Expr:
-        r"""
-        Remove leading and trailing characters.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        characters
-            The set of characters to be removed. All combinations of this set of
-            characters will be stripped from the start and end of the string. If set to
-            None (default), all leading and trailing whitespace is removed instead.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"foo": [" hello", "\nworld"]})
-        >>> df
-        shape: (2, 1)
-        ┌────────┐
-        │ foo    │
-        │ ---    │
-        │ str    │
-        ╞════════╡
-        │  hello │
-        │        │
-        │ world  │
-        └────────┘
-
-        >>> df.with_columns(foo_stripped=pl.col("foo").str.strip_chars())
-        shape: (2, 2)
-        ┌────────┬──────────────┐
-        │ foo    ┆ foo_stripped │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---          │
-        │ str    ┆ str          │
-        ╞════════╪══════════════╡
-        │  hello ┆ hello        │
-        │        ┆ world        │
-        │ world  ┆              │
-        └────────┴──────────────┘
-
-        Characters can be stripped by passing a string as argument. Note that whitespace
-        will not be stripped automatically when doing so, unless that whitespace is
-        also included in the string.
-
-        >>> df.with_columns(foo_stripped=pl.col("foo").str.strip_chars("ow\n"))
-        shape: (2, 2)
-        ┌────────┬──────────────┐
-        │ foo    ┆ foo_stripped │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---          │
-        │ str    ┆ str          │
-        ╞════════╪══════════════╡
-        │  hello ┆  hell        │
-        │        ┆ rld          │
-        │ world  ┆              │
-        └────────┴──────────────┘
-        """
-        characters_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(characters, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_strip_chars(characters_pyexpr))
-
-    def strip_chars_start(self, characters: IntoExpr = None) -> Expr:
-        r"""
-        Remove leading characters.
-
-        .. note::
-            This method strips any characters present in `characters` from the
-            start of the input, no matter their order. To strip a prefix (i.e.
-            a "word" of characters in a certain order), use
-            :func:`strip_prefix` instead.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        characters
-            The set of characters to be removed. All combinations of this set of
-            characters will be stripped from the start of the string. If set to None
-            (default), all leading whitespace is removed instead.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        strip_prefix
-        strip_chars_end
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"foo": [" hello ", "\tworld"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(foo_strip_start=pl.col("foo").str.strip_chars_start())
-        shape: (2, 2)
-        ┌─────────┬─────────────────┐
-        │ foo     ┆ foo_strip_start │
-        │ ---     ┆ ---             │
-        │ str     ┆ str             │
-        ╞═════════╪═════════════════╡
-        │  hello  ┆ hello           │
-        │   world   ┆ world           │
-        └─────────┴─────────────────┘
-
-        Characters can be stripped by passing a string as argument. Note that whitespace
-        will not be stripped automatically when doing so.
-
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     foo_strip_start=pl.col("foo").str.strip_chars_start("wod\t"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (2, 2)
-        ┌─────────┬─────────────────┐
-        │ foo     ┆ foo_strip_start │
-        │ ---     ┆ ---             │
-        │ str     ┆ str             │
-        ╞═════════╪═════════════════╡
-        │  hello  ┆  hello          │
-        │   world   ┆ rld             │
-        └─────────┴─────────────────┘
-
-        The order of the provided characters does not matter, they behave like a set.
-
-        >>> pl.DataFrame({"foo": ["aabcdef"]}).with_columns(
-        ...     foo_strip_start=pl.col("foo").str.strip_chars_start("cba")
-        ... )
-        shape: (1, 2)
-        ┌─────────┬─────────────────┐
-        │ foo     ┆ foo_strip_start │
-        │ ---     ┆ ---             │
-        │ str     ┆ str             │
-        ╞═════════╪═════════════════╡
-        │ aabcdef ┆ def             │
-        └─────────┴─────────────────┘
-        """
-        characters_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(characters, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_strip_chars_start(characters_pyexpr))
-
-    def strip_chars_end(self, characters: IntoExpr = None) -> Expr:
-        r"""
-        Remove trailing characters.
-
-        .. note::
-            This method strips any characters present in `characters` from the
-            end of the input, no matter their order. To strip a suffix (i.e.
-            a "word" of characters in a certain order), use
-            :func:`strip_suffix` instead.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        characters
-            The set of characters to be removed. All combinations of this set of
-            characters will be stripped from the end of the string. If set to None
-            (default), all trailing whitespace is removed instead.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        strip_suffix
-        strip_chars_start
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"foo": [" hello", "world\n"]})
-        >>> df
-        shape: (2, 1)
-        ┌────────┐
-        │ foo    │
-        │ ---    │
-        │ str    │
-        ╞════════╡
-        │  hello │
-        │ world  │
-        │        │
-        └────────┘
-        >>> df.with_columns(foo_strip_end=pl.col("foo").str.strip_chars_end())
-        shape: (2, 2)
-        ┌────────┬───────────────┐
-        │ foo    ┆ foo_strip_end │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---           │
-        │ str    ┆ str           │
-        ╞════════╪═══════════════╡
-        │  hello ┆  hello        │
-        │ world  ┆ world         │
-        │        ┆               │
-        └────────┴───────────────┘
-
-        Characters can be stripped by passing a string as argument. Note that whitespace
-        will not be stripped automatically when doing so, unless that whitespace is
-        also included in the string.
-
-        >>> df.with_columns(foo_strip_end=pl.col("foo").str.strip_chars_end("oldw "))
-        shape: (2, 2)
-        ┌────────┬───────────────┐
-        │ foo    ┆ foo_strip_end │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---           │
-        │ str    ┆ str           │
-        ╞════════╪═══════════════╡
-        │  hello ┆  he           │
-        │ world  ┆ world         │
-        │        ┆               │
-        └────────┴───────────────┘
-
-        The order of the provided characters does not matter, they behave like a set.
-
-        >>> pl.DataFrame({"foo": ["abcdeff"]}).with_columns(
-        ...     foo_strip_end=pl.col("foo").str.strip_chars_end("fed")
-        ... )
-        shape: (1, 2)
-        ┌─────────┬───────────────┐
-        │ foo     ┆ foo_strip_end │
-        │ ---     ┆ ---           │
-        │ str     ┆ str           │
-        ╞═════════╪═══════════════╡
-        │ abcdeff ┆ abc           │
-        └─────────┴───────────────┘
-        """
-        characters_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(characters, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_strip_chars_end(characters_pyexpr))
-
-    def strip_prefix(self, prefix: IntoExpr) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Remove prefix.
-
-        The prefix will be removed from the string exactly once, if found.
-
-        .. note::
-            This method strips the exact character sequence provided in
-            `prefix` from the start of the input. To strip a set of characters
-            in any order, use :func:`strip_chars_start` instead.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        prefix
-            The prefix to be removed.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        strip_chars_start
-        strip_suffix
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"a": ["foobar", "foofoobar", "foo", "bar"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("a").str.strip_prefix("foo").alias("stripped"))
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌───────────┬──────────┐
-        │ a         ┆ stripped │
-        │ ---       ┆ ---      │
-        │ str       ┆ str      │
-        ╞═══════════╪══════════╡
-        │ foobar    ┆ bar      │
-        │ foofoobar ┆ foobar   │
-        │ foo       ┆          │
-        │ bar       ┆ bar      │
-        └───────────┴──────────┘
-        """
-        prefix_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(prefix, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_strip_prefix(prefix_pyexpr))
-
-    def strip_suffix(self, suffix: IntoExpr) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Remove suffix.
-
-        The suffix will be removed from the string exactly once, if found.
-
-        .. note::
-            This method strips the exact character sequence provided in
-            `suffix` from the end of the input. To strip a set of characters
-            in any order, use :func:`strip_chars_end` instead.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        suffix
-            The suffix to be removed.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        strip_chars_end
-        strip_prefix
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"a": ["foobar", "foobarbar", "foo", "bar"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("a").str.strip_suffix("bar").alias("stripped"))
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌───────────┬──────────┐
-        │ a         ┆ stripped │
-        │ ---       ┆ ---      │
-        │ str       ┆ str      │
-        ╞═══════════╪══════════╡
-        │ foobar    ┆ foo      │
-        │ foobarbar ┆ foobar   │
-        │ foo       ┆ foo      │
-        │ bar       ┆          │
-        └───────────┴──────────┘
-        """
-        suffix_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(suffix, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_strip_suffix(suffix_pyexpr))
-
-    def pad_start(self, length: int | IntoExprColumn, fill_char: str = " ") -> Expr:
-        """
-        Pad the start of the string until it reaches the given length.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        length
-            Pad the string until it reaches this length. Strings with length equal to or
-            greater than this value are returned as-is.
-        fill_char
-            The character to pad the string with.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        pad_end
-        zfill
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"a": ["cow", "monkey", "hippopotamus", None]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(padded=pl.col("a").str.pad_start(8, "*"))
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌──────────────┬──────────────┐
-        │ a            ┆ padded       │
-        │ ---          ┆ ---          │
-        │ str          ┆ str          │
-        ╞══════════════╪══════════════╡
-        │ cow          ┆ *****cow     │
-        │ monkey       ┆ **monkey     │
-        │ hippopotamus ┆ hippopotamus │
-        │ null         ┆ null         │
-        └──────────────┴──────────────┘
-        """
-        length_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(length)
-        if not isinstance(fill_char, str):
-            msg = f'"pad_start" expects a `str`, given a {qualified_type_name(fill_char)!r}'
-            raise TypeError(msg)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_pad_start(length_pyexpr, fill_char))
-
-    def pad_end(self, length: int | IntoExprColumn, fill_char: str = " ") -> Expr:
-        """
-        Pad the end of the string until it reaches the given length.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        length
-            Pad the string until it reaches this length. Strings with length equal to or
-            greater than this value are returned as-is. Can be int or expression.
-        fill_char
-            The character to pad the string with.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        pad_start
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"a": ["cow", "monkey", "hippopotamus", None]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(padded=pl.col("a").str.pad_end(8, "*"))
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌──────────────┬──────────────┐
-        │ a            ┆ padded       │
-        │ ---          ┆ ---          │
-        │ str          ┆ str          │
-        ╞══════════════╪══════════════╡
-        │ cow          ┆ cow*****     │
-        │ monkey       ┆ monkey**     │
-        │ hippopotamus ┆ hippopotamus │
-        │ null         ┆ null         │
-        └──────────────┴──────────────┘
-        """
-        length_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(length)
-        if not isinstance(fill_char, str):
-            msg = (
-                f'"pad_end" expects a `str`, given a {qualified_type_name(fill_char)!r}'
-            )
-            raise TypeError(msg)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_pad_end(length_pyexpr, fill_char))
-
-    def zfill(self, length: int | IntoExprColumn) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Pad the start of the string with zeros until it reaches the given length.
-
-        A sign prefix (`-`) is handled by inserting the padding after the sign
-        character rather than before.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        length
-            Pad the string until it reaches this length. Strings with length equal to
-            or greater than this value are returned as-is.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        pad_start
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        This method is intended for padding numeric strings. If your data contains
-        non-ASCII characters, use :func:`pad_start` instead.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"a": [-1, 123, 999999, None]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(zfill=pl.col("a").cast(pl.String).str.zfill(4))
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌────────┬────────┐
-        │ a      ┆ zfill  │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---    │
-        │ i64    ┆ str    │
-        ╞════════╪════════╡
-        │ -1     ┆ -001   │
-        │ 123    ┆ 0123   │
-        │ 999999 ┆ 999999 │
-        │ null   ┆ null   │
-        └────────┴────────┘
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "a": [-1, 123, 999999, None],
-        ...         "length": [8, 4, 1, 2],
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(zfill=pl.col("a").cast(pl.String).str.zfill("length"))
-        shape: (4, 3)
-        ┌────────┬────────┬──────────┐
-        │ a      ┆ length ┆ zfill    │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---    ┆ ---      │
-        │ i64    ┆ i64    ┆ str      │
-        ╞════════╪════════╪══════════╡
-        │ -1     ┆ 8      ┆ -0000001 │
-        │ 123    ┆ 4      ┆ 0123     │
-        │ 999999 ┆ 1      ┆ 999999   │
-        │ null   ┆ 2      ┆ null     │
-        └────────┴────────┴──────────┘
-        """
-        length_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(length)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_zfill(length_pyexpr))
-
-    def contains(
-        self, pattern: str | Expr, *, literal: bool = False, strict: bool = True
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Check if the string contains a substring that matches a pattern.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        pattern
-            A valid regular expression pattern, compatible with the `regex crate
-            <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/>`_.
-        literal
-            Treat `pattern` as a literal string, not as a regular expression.
-        strict
-            Raise an error if the underlying pattern is not a valid regex,
-            otherwise mask out with a null value.
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        To modify regular expression behaviour (such as case-sensitivity) with
-        flags, use the inline `(?iLmsuxU)` syntax. For example:
-
-        >>> pl.DataFrame({"s": ["AAA", "aAa", "aaa"]}).with_columns(
-        ...     default_match=pl.col("s").str.contains("AA"),
-        ...     insensitive_match=pl.col("s").str.contains("(?i)AA"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 3)
-        ┌─────┬───────────────┬───────────────────┐
-        │ s   ┆ default_match ┆ insensitive_match │
-        │ --- ┆ ---           ┆ ---               │
-        │ str ┆ bool          ┆ bool              │
-        ╞═════╪═══════════════╪═══════════════════╡
-        │ AAA ┆ true          ┆ true              │
-        │ aAa ┆ false         ┆ true              │
-        │ aaa ┆ false         ┆ true              │
-        └─────┴───────────────┴───────────────────┘
-
-        See the regex crate's section on `grouping and flags
-        <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/#grouping-and-flags>`_ for
-        additional information about the use of inline expression modifiers.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        starts_with : Check if string values start with a substring.
-        ends_with : Check if string values end with a substring.
-        find: Return the index of the first substring matching a pattern.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"txt": ["Crab", "cat and dog", "rab$bit", None]})
-        >>> df.select(
-        ...     pl.col("txt"),
-        ...     pl.col("txt").str.contains("cat|bit").alias("regex"),
-        ...     pl.col("txt").str.contains("rab$", literal=True).alias("literal"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (4, 3)
-        ┌─────────────┬───────┬─────────┐
-        │ txt         ┆ regex ┆ literal │
-        │ ---         ┆ ---   ┆ ---     │
-        │ str         ┆ bool  ┆ bool    │
-        ╞═════════════╪═══════╪═════════╡
-        │ Crab        ┆ false ┆ false   │
-        │ cat and dog ┆ true  ┆ false   │
-        │ rab$bit     ┆ true  ┆ true    │
-        │ null        ┆ null  ┆ null    │
-        └─────────────┴───────┴─────────┘
-        """
-        pattern_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(pattern, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_contains(pattern_pyexpr, literal, strict))
-
-    def find(
-        self, pattern: str | Expr, *, literal: bool = False, strict: bool = True
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Return the bytes offset of the first substring matching a pattern.
-
-        If the pattern is not found, returns None.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        pattern
-            A valid regular expression pattern, compatible with the `regex crate
-            <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/>`_.
-        literal
-            Treat `pattern` as a literal string, not as a regular expression.
-        strict
-            Raise an error if the underlying pattern is not a valid regex,
-            otherwise mask out with a null value.
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        To modify regular expression behaviour (such as case-sensitivity) with
-        flags, use the inline `(?iLmsuxU)` syntax. For example:
-
-        >>> pl.DataFrame({"s": ["AAA", "aAa", "aaa"]}).with_columns(
-        ...     default_match=pl.col("s").str.find("Aa"),
-        ...     insensitive_match=pl.col("s").str.find("(?i)Aa"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 3)
-        ┌─────┬───────────────┬───────────────────┐
-        │ s   ┆ default_match ┆ insensitive_match │
-        │ --- ┆ ---           ┆ ---               │
-        │ str ┆ u32           ┆ u32               │
-        ╞═════╪═══════════════╪═══════════════════╡
-        │ AAA ┆ null          ┆ 0                 │
-        │ aAa ┆ 1             ┆ 0                 │
-        │ aaa ┆ null          ┆ 0                 │
-        └─────┴───────────────┴───────────────────┘
-
-        See the regex crate's section on `grouping and flags
-        <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/#grouping-and-flags>`_ for
-        additional information about the use of inline expression modifiers.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        contains : Check if the string contains a substring that matches a pattern.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "txt": ["Crab", "Lobster", None, "Crustacean"],
-        ...         "pat": ["a[bc]", "b.t", "[aeiuo]", "(?i)A[BC]"],
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-
-        Find the index of the first substring matching a regex or literal pattern:
-
-        >>> df.select(
-        ...     pl.col("txt"),
-        ...     pl.col("txt").str.find("a|e").alias("a|e (regex)"),
-        ...     pl.col("txt").str.find("e", literal=True).alias("e (lit)"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (4, 3)
-        ┌────────────┬─────────────┬─────────┐
-        │ txt        ┆ a|e (regex) ┆ e (lit) │
-        │ ---        ┆ ---         ┆ ---     │
-        │ str        ┆ u32         ┆ u32     │
-        ╞════════════╪═════════════╪═════════╡
-        │ Crab       ┆ 2           ┆ null    │
-        │ Lobster    ┆ 5           ┆ 5       │
-        │ null       ┆ null        ┆ null    │
-        │ Crustacean ┆ 5           ┆ 7       │
-        └────────────┴─────────────┴─────────┘
-
-        Match against a pattern found in another column or (expression):
-
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("txt").str.find(pl.col("pat")).alias("find_pat"))
-        shape: (4, 3)
-        ┌────────────┬───────────┬──────────┐
-        │ txt        ┆ pat       ┆ find_pat │
-        │ ---        ┆ ---       ┆ ---      │
-        │ str        ┆ str       ┆ u32      │
-        ╞════════════╪═══════════╪══════════╡
-        │ Crab       ┆ a[bc]     ┆ 2        │
-        │ Lobster    ┆ b.t       ┆ 2        │
-        │ null       ┆ [aeiuo]   ┆ null     │
-        │ Crustacean ┆ (?i)A[BC] ┆ 5        │
-        └────────────┴───────────┴──────────┘
-        """
-        pattern_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(pattern, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_find(pattern_pyexpr, literal, strict))
-
-    def ends_with(self, suffix: str | Expr) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Check if string values end with a substring.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        suffix
-            Suffix substring.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        contains : Check if the string contains a substring that matches a pattern.
-        starts_with : Check if string values start with a substring.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"fruits": ["apple", "mango", None]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("fruits").str.ends_with("go").alias("has_suffix"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 2)
-        ┌────────┬────────────┐
-        │ fruits ┆ has_suffix │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---        │
-        │ str    ┆ bool       │
-        ╞════════╪════════════╡
-        │ apple  ┆ false      │
-        │ mango  ┆ true       │
-        │ null   ┆ null       │
-        └────────┴────────────┘
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {"fruits": ["apple", "mango", "banana"], "suffix": ["le", "go", "nu"]}
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("fruits").str.ends_with(pl.col("suffix")).alias("has_suffix"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 3)
-        ┌────────┬────────┬────────────┐
-        │ fruits ┆ suffix ┆ has_suffix │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---    ┆ ---        │
-        │ str    ┆ str    ┆ bool       │
-        ╞════════╪════════╪════════════╡
-        │ apple  ┆ le     ┆ true       │
-        │ mango  ┆ go     ┆ true       │
-        │ banana ┆ nu     ┆ false      │
-        └────────┴────────┴────────────┘
-
-        Using `ends_with` as a filter condition:
-
-        >>> df.filter(pl.col("fruits").str.ends_with("go"))
-        shape: (1, 2)
-        ┌────────┬────────┐
-        │ fruits ┆ suffix │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---    │
-        │ str    ┆ str    │
-        ╞════════╪════════╡
-        │ mango  ┆ go     │
-        └────────┴────────┘
-        """
-        suffix_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(suffix, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_ends_with(suffix_pyexpr))
-
-    def starts_with(self, prefix: str | Expr) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Check if string values start with a substring.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        prefix
-            Prefix substring.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        contains : Check if the string contains a substring that matches a pattern.
-        ends_with : Check if string values end with a substring.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"fruits": ["apple", "mango", None]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("fruits").str.starts_with("app").alias("has_prefix"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 2)
-        ┌────────┬────────────┐
-        │ fruits ┆ has_prefix │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---        │
-        │ str    ┆ bool       │
-        ╞════════╪════════════╡
-        │ apple  ┆ true       │
-        │ mango  ┆ false      │
-        │ null   ┆ null       │
-        └────────┴────────────┘
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {"fruits": ["apple", "mango", "banana"], "prefix": ["app", "na", "ba"]}
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("fruits").str.starts_with(pl.col("prefix")).alias("has_prefix"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 3)
-        ┌────────┬────────┬────────────┐
-        │ fruits ┆ prefix ┆ has_prefix │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---    ┆ ---        │
-        │ str    ┆ str    ┆ bool       │
-        ╞════════╪════════╪════════════╡
-        │ apple  ┆ app    ┆ true       │
-        │ mango  ┆ na     ┆ false      │
-        │ banana ┆ ba     ┆ true       │
-        └────────┴────────┴────────────┘
-
-        Using `starts_with` as a filter condition:
-
-        >>> df.filter(pl.col("fruits").str.starts_with("app"))
-        shape: (1, 2)
-        ┌────────┬────────┐
-        │ fruits ┆ prefix │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---    │
-        │ str    ┆ str    │
-        ╞════════╪════════╡
-        │ apple  ┆ app    │
-        └────────┴────────┘
-        """
-        prefix_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(prefix, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_starts_with(prefix_pyexpr))
-
-    def json_decode(
-        self,
-        dtype: PolarsDataType | pl.DataTypeExpr,
-        *,
-        infer_schema_length: int | None = None,
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Parse string values as JSON.
-
-        Throws an error if invalid JSON strings are encountered.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        dtype
-            The dtype to cast the extracted value to.
-        infer_schema_length
-            Deprecated and ignored.
-
-        .. versionchanged: 1.33.0
-            Deprecate `infer_schema_length` and make `dtype` non-optional to
-            ensure that the planner can determine the output datatype.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        json_path_match : Extract the first match from a JSON string using the provided
-            JSONPath.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {"json": ['{"a":1, "b": true}', None, '{"a":2, "b": false}']}
-        ... )
-        >>> dtype = pl.Struct([pl.Field("a", pl.Int64), pl.Field("b", pl.Boolean)])
-        >>> df.with_columns(decoded=pl.col("json").str.json_decode(dtype))
-        shape: (3, 2)
-        ┌─────────────────────┬───────────┐
-        │ json                ┆ decoded   │
-        │ ---                 ┆ ---       │
-        │ str                 ┆ struct[2] │
-        ╞═════════════════════╪═══════════╡
-        │ {"a":1, "b": true}  ┆ {1,true}  │
-        │ null                ┆ null      │
-        │ {"a":2, "b": false} ┆ {2,false} │
-        └─────────────────────┴───────────┘
-        """
-        if dtype is None:
-            msg = "`Expr.str.json_decode` needs an explicitly given `dtype` otherwise Polars is not able to determine the output type. If you want to eagerly infer datatype you can use `Series.str.json_decode`."
-            raise TypeError(msg)
-
-        if infer_schema_length is not None:
-            issue_warning(
-                "`Expr.str.json_decode` with `infer_schema_length` is deprecated and has no effect on execution.",
-                DeprecationWarning,
-            )
-
-        dtype_expr = parse_into_datatype_expr(dtype)._pydatatype_expr
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_json_decode(dtype_expr))
-
-    def json_path_match(self, json_path: IntoExprColumn) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Extract the first match from a JSON string using the provided JSONPath.
-
-        Throws errors if invalid JSON strings are encountered. All return values
-        are cast to :class:`String`, regardless of the original value.
-
-        Documentation on the JSONPath standard can be found
-        `here <https://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/>`_.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        json_path
-            A valid JSONPath query string.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`String`. Contains null values if original
-            value is null or the json_path returns nothing.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {"json_val": ['{"a":"1"}', None, '{"a":2}', '{"a":2.1}', '{"a":true}']}
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(matched=pl.col("json_val").str.json_path_match("$.a"))
-        shape: (5, 2)
-        ┌────────────┬─────────┐
-        │ json_val   ┆ matched │
-        │ ---        ┆ ---     │
-        │ str        ┆ str     │
-        ╞════════════╪═════════╡
-        │ {"a":"1"}  ┆ 1       │
-        │ null       ┆ null    │
-        │ {"a":2}    ┆ 2       │
-        │ {"a":2.1}  ┆ 2.1     │
-        │ {"a":true} ┆ true    │
-        └────────────┴─────────┘
-        """
-        json_path_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(json_path, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_json_path_match(json_path_pyexpr))
-
-    def decode(self, encoding: TransferEncoding, *, strict: bool = True) -> Expr:
-        r"""
-        Decode values using the provided encoding.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        encoding : {'hex', 'base64'}
-            The encoding to use.
-        strict
-            Raise an error if the underlying value cannot be decoded,
-            otherwise mask out with a null value.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`Binary`.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"color": ["000000", "ffff00", "0000ff"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("color").str.decode("hex").alias("decoded"))
-        shape: (3, 2)
-        ┌────────┬─────────────────┐
-        │ color  ┆ decoded         │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---             │
-        │ str    ┆ binary          │
-        ╞════════╪═════════════════╡
-        │ 000000 ┆ b"\x00\x00\x00" │
-        │ ffff00 ┆ b"\xff\xff\x00" │
-        │ 0000ff ┆ b"\x00\x00\xff" │
-        └────────┴─────────────────┘
-        """
-        if encoding == "hex":
-            return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_hex_decode(strict))
-        elif encoding == "base64":
-            return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_base64_decode(strict))
-        else:
-            msg = f"`encoding` must be one of {{'hex', 'base64'}}, got {encoding!r}"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-    def encode(self, encoding: TransferEncoding) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Encode values using the provided encoding.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        encoding : {'hex', 'base64'}
-            The encoding to use.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`String`.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"strings": ["foo", "bar", None]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(strings_hex=pl.col("strings").str.encode("hex"))
-        shape: (3, 2)
-        ┌─────────┬─────────────┐
-        │ strings ┆ strings_hex │
-        │ ---     ┆ ---         │
-        │ str     ┆ str         │
-        ╞═════════╪═════════════╡
-        │ foo     ┆ 666f6f      │
-        │ bar     ┆ 626172      │
-        │ null    ┆ null        │
-        └─────────┴─────────────┘
-        """
-        if encoding == "hex":
-            return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_hex_encode())
-        elif encoding == "base64":
-            return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_base64_encode())
-        else:
-            msg = f"`encoding` must be one of {{'hex', 'base64'}}, got {encoding!r}"
-            raise ValueError(msg)
-
-    def extract(self, pattern: IntoExprColumn, group_index: int = 1) -> Expr:
-        r"""
-        Extract the target capture group from provided patterns.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        pattern
-            A valid regular expression pattern containing at least one capture group,
-            compatible with the `regex crate <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/>`_.
-        group_index
-            Index of the targeted capture group.
-            Group 0 means the whole pattern, the first group begins at index 1.
-            Defaults to the first capture group.
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        To modify regular expression behaviour (such as multi-line matching)
-        with flags, use the inline `(?iLmsuxU)` syntax. For example:
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     data={
-        ...         "lines": [
-        ...             "I Like\nThose\nOdds",
-        ...             "This is\nThe Way",
-        ...         ]
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("lines").str.extract(r"(?m)^(T\w+)", 1).alias("matches"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (2, 2)
-        ┌─────────┬─────────┐
-        │ lines   ┆ matches │
-        │ ---     ┆ ---     │
-        │ str     ┆ str     │
-        ╞═════════╪═════════╡
-        │ I Like  ┆ Those   │
-        │ Those   ┆         │
-        │ Odds    ┆         │
-        │ This is ┆ This    │
-        │ The Way ┆         │
-        └─────────┴─────────┘
-
-        See the regex crate's section on `grouping and flags
-        <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/#grouping-and-flags>`_ for
-        additional information about the use of inline expression modifiers.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`String`. Contains null values if original
-            value is null or the regex captures nothing.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "url": [
-        ...             "http://vote.com/ballon_dor?error=404&ref=unknown",
-        ...             "http://vote.com/ballon_dor?ref=polars&candidate=messi",
-        ...             "http://vote.com/ballon_dor?candidate=ronaldo&ref=polars",
-        ...         ]
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.select(
-        ...     pl.col("url").str.extract(r"candidate=(\w+)", 1).alias("candidate"),
-        ...     pl.col("url").str.extract(r"ref=(\w+)", 1).alias("referer"),
-        ...     pl.col("url").str.extract(r"error=(\w+)", 1).alias("error"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 3)
-        ┌───────────┬─────────┬───────┐
-        │ candidate ┆ referer ┆ error │
-        │ ---       ┆ ---     ┆ ---   │
-        │ str       ┆ str     ┆ str   │
-        ╞═══════════╪═════════╪═══════╡
-        │ null      ┆ unknown ┆ 404   │
-        │ messi     ┆ polars  ┆ null  │
-        │ ronaldo   ┆ polars  ┆ null  │
-        └───────────┴─────────┴───────┘
-        """
-        pattern_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(pattern, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_extract(pattern_pyexpr, group_index))
-
-    def extract_all(self, pattern: str | Expr) -> Expr:
-        r'''
-        Extract all matches for the given regex pattern.
-
-        Extract each successive non-overlapping regex match in an individual string
-        as a list. If the haystack string is `null`, `null` is returned.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        pattern
-            A valid regular expression pattern, compatible with the `regex crate
-            <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/>`_.
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        To modify regular expression behaviour (such as "verbose" mode and/or
-        case-sensitive matching) with flags, use the inline `(?iLmsuxU)` syntax.
-        For example:
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     data={
-        ...         "email": [
-        ...             "real.email@spam.com",
-        ...             "some_account@somewhere.net",
-        ...             "abc.def.ghi.jkl@uvw.xyz.co.uk",
-        ...         ]
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> # extract name/domain parts from the addresses, using verbose regex
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("email")
-        ...     .str.extract_all(
-        ...         r"""(?xi)   # activate 'verbose' and 'case-insensitive' flags
-        ...         [           # (start character group)
-        ...           A-Z       # letters
-        ...           0-9       # digits
-        ...           ._%+\-    # special chars
-        ...         ]           # (end character group)
-        ...         +           # 'one or more' quantifier
-        ...         """
-        ...     )
-        ...     .list.to_struct(fields=["name", "domain"])
-        ...     .alias("email_parts")
-        ... ).unnest("email_parts")
-        shape: (3, 3)
-        ┌───────────────────────────────┬─────────────────┬───────────────┐
-        │ email                         ┆ name            ┆ domain        │
-        │ ---                           ┆ ---             ┆ ---           │
-        │ str                           ┆ str             ┆ str           │
-        ╞═══════════════════════════════╪═════════════════╪═══════════════╡
-        │ real.email@spam.com           ┆ real.email      ┆ spam.com      │
-        │ some_account@somewhere.net    ┆ some_account    ┆ somewhere.net │
-        │ abc.def.ghi.jkl@uvw.xyz.co.uk ┆ abc.def.ghi.jkl ┆ uvw.xyz.co.uk │
-        └───────────────────────────────┴─────────────────┴───────────────┘
-
-        See the regex crate's section on `grouping and flags
-        <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/#grouping-and-flags>`_ for
-        additional information about the use of inline expression modifiers.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type `List(String)`.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"foo": ["123 bla 45 asd", "xyz 678 910t", "bar", None]})
-        >>> df.select(
-        ...     pl.col("foo").str.extract_all(r"\d+").alias("extracted_nrs"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (4, 1)
-        ┌────────────────┐
-        │ extracted_nrs  │
-        │ ---            │
-        │ list[str]      │
-        ╞════════════════╡
-        │ ["123", "45"]  │
-        │ ["678", "910"] │
-        │ []             │
-        │ null           │
-        └────────────────┘
-
-        '''
-        pattern_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(pattern, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_extract_all(pattern_pyexpr))
-
-    def extract_groups(self, pattern: str) -> Expr:
-        r"""
-        Extract all capture groups for the given regex pattern.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        pattern
-            A valid regular expression pattern containing at least one capture group,
-            compatible with the `regex crate <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/>`_.
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        All group names are **strings**.
-
-        If your pattern contains unnamed groups, their numerical position is converted
-        to a string.
-
-        For example, here we access groups 2 and 3 via the names `"2"` and `"3"`::
-
-            >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"col": ["foo bar baz"]})
-            >>> (
-            ...     df.with_columns(
-            ...         pl.col("col").str.extract_groups(r"(\S+) (\S+) (.+)")
-            ...     ).select(pl.col("col").struct["2"], pl.col("col").struct["3"])
-            ... )
-            shape: (1, 2)
-            ┌─────┬─────┐
-            │ 2   ┆ 3   │
-            │ --- ┆ --- │
-            │ str ┆ str │
-            ╞═════╪═════╡
-            │ bar ┆ baz │
-            └─────┴─────┘
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`Struct` with fields of data type
-            :class:`String`.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     data={
-        ...         "url": [
-        ...             "http://vote.com/ballon_dor?candidate=messi&ref=python",
-        ...             "http://vote.com/ballon_dor?candidate=weghorst&ref=polars",
-        ...             "http://vote.com/ballon_dor?error=404&ref=rust",
-        ...         ]
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> pattern = r"candidate=(?<candidate>\w+)&ref=(?<ref>\w+)"
-        >>> df.select(captures=pl.col("url").str.extract_groups(pattern)).unnest(
-        ...     "captures"
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 2)
-        ┌───────────┬────────┐
-        │ candidate ┆ ref    │
-        │ ---       ┆ ---    │
-        │ str       ┆ str    │
-        ╞═══════════╪════════╡
-        │ messi     ┆ python │
-        │ weghorst  ┆ polars │
-        │ null      ┆ null   │
-        └───────────┴────────┘
-
-        Unnamed groups have their numerical position converted to a string:
-
-        >>> pattern = r"candidate=(\w+)&ref=(\w+)"
-        >>> (
-        ...     df.with_columns(
-        ...         captures=pl.col("url").str.extract_groups(pattern)
-        ...     ).with_columns(name=pl.col("captures").struct["1"].str.to_uppercase())
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 3)
-        ┌─────────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────┬──────────┐
-        │ url                             ┆ captures              ┆ name     │
-        │ ---                             ┆ ---                   ┆ ---      │
-        │ str                             ┆ struct[2]             ┆ str      │
-        ╞═════════════════════════════════╪═══════════════════════╪══════════╡
-        │ http://vote.com/ballon_dor?can… ┆ {"messi","python"}    ┆ MESSI    │
-        │ http://vote.com/ballon_dor?can… ┆ {"weghorst","polars"} ┆ WEGHORST │
-        │ http://vote.com/ballon_dor?err… ┆ {null,null}           ┆ null     │
-        └─────────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴──────────┘
-        """
-        if not isinstance(pattern, str):
-            msg = f'"extract_groups" expects a `str`, given a {qualified_type_name(pattern)!r}'
-            raise TypeError(msg)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_extract_groups(pattern))
-
-    def count_matches(self, pattern: str | Expr, *, literal: bool = False) -> Expr:
-        r"""
-        Count all successive non-overlapping regex matches.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        pattern
-            A valid regular expression pattern, compatible with the `regex crate
-            <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/>`_.
-        literal
-            Treat `pattern` as a literal string, not as a regular expression.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`UInt32`. Returns null if the
-            original value is null.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"foo": ["123 bla 45 asd", "xyz 678 910t", "bar", None]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("foo").str.count_matches(r"\d").alias("count_digits"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌────────────────┬──────────────┐
-        │ foo            ┆ count_digits │
-        │ ---            ┆ ---          │
-        │ str            ┆ u32          │
-        ╞════════════════╪══════════════╡
-        │ 123 bla 45 asd ┆ 5            │
-        │ xyz 678 910t   ┆ 6            │
-        │ bar            ┆ 0            │
-        │ null           ┆ null         │
-        └────────────────┴──────────────┘
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"bar": ["12 dbc 3xy", "cat\\w", "1zy3\\d\\d", None]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("bar")
-        ...     .str.count_matches(r"\d", literal=True)
-        ...     .alias("count_digits"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌────────────┬──────────────┐
-        │ bar        ┆ count_digits │
-        │ ---        ┆ ---          │
-        │ str        ┆ u32          │
-        ╞════════════╪══════════════╡
-        │ 12 dbc 3xy ┆ 0            │
-        │ cat\w      ┆ 0            │
-        │ 1zy3\d\d   ┆ 2            │
-        │ null       ┆ null         │
-        └────────────┴──────────────┘
-        """
-        pattern_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(pattern, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_count_matches(pattern_pyexpr, literal))
-
-    def split(self, by: IntoExpr, *, inclusive: bool = False) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Split the string by a substring.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        by
-            Substring to split by.
-        inclusive
-            If True, include the split character/string in the results.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"s": ["foo bar", "foo_bar", "foo_bar_baz"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("s").str.split(by="_").alias("split"),
-        ...     pl.col("s").str.split(by="_", inclusive=True).alias("split_inclusive"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 3)
-        ┌─────────────┬───────────────────────┬─────────────────────────┐
-        │ s           ┆ split                 ┆ split_inclusive         │
-        │ ---         ┆ ---                   ┆ ---                     │
-        │ str         ┆ list[str]             ┆ list[str]               │
-        ╞═════════════╪═══════════════════════╪═════════════════════════╡
-        │ foo bar     ┆ ["foo bar"]           ┆ ["foo bar"]             │
-        │ foo_bar     ┆ ["foo", "bar"]        ┆ ["foo_", "bar"]         │
-        │ foo_bar_baz ┆ ["foo", "bar", "baz"] ┆ ["foo_", "bar_", "baz"] │
-        └─────────────┴───────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┘
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {"s": ["foo^bar", "foo_bar", "foo*bar*baz"], "by": ["_", "_", "*"]}
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("s").str.split(by=pl.col("by")).alias("split"),
-        ...     pl.col("s")
-        ...     .str.split(by=pl.col("by"), inclusive=True)
-        ...     .alias("split_inclusive"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 4)
-        ┌─────────────┬─────┬───────────────────────┬─────────────────────────┐
-        │ s           ┆ by  ┆ split                 ┆ split_inclusive         │
-        │ ---         ┆ --- ┆ ---                   ┆ ---                     │
-        │ str         ┆ str ┆ list[str]             ┆ list[str]               │
-        ╞═════════════╪═════╪═══════════════════════╪═════════════════════════╡
-        │ foo^bar     ┆ _   ┆ ["foo^bar"]           ┆ ["foo^bar"]             │
-        │ foo_bar     ┆ _   ┆ ["foo", "bar"]        ┆ ["foo_", "bar"]         │
-        │ foo*bar*baz ┆ *   ┆ ["foo", "bar", "baz"] ┆ ["foo*", "bar*", "baz"] │
-        └─────────────┴─────┴───────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┘
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`String`.
-        """
-        by_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(by, str_as_lit=True)
-        if inclusive:
-            return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_split_inclusive(by_pyexpr))
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_split(by_pyexpr))
-
-    def split_exact(self, by: IntoExpr, n: int, *, inclusive: bool = False) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Split the string by a substring using `n` splits.
-
-        Results in a struct of `n+1` fields.
-
-        If it cannot make `n` splits, the remaining field elements will be null.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        by
-            Substring to split by.
-        n
-            Number of splits to make.
-        inclusive
-            If True, include the split character/string in the results.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`Struct` with fields of data type
-            :class:`String`.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"x": ["a_1", None, "c", "d_4"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     extracted=pl.col("x").str.split_exact("_", 1).alias("fields"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌──────┬─────────────┐
-        │ x    ┆ extracted   │
-        │ ---  ┆ ---         │
-        │ str  ┆ struct[2]   │
-        ╞══════╪═════════════╡
-        │ a_1  ┆ {"a","1"}   │
-        │ null ┆ {null,null} │
-        │ c    ┆ {"c",null}  │
-        │ d_4  ┆ {"d","4"}   │
-        └──────┴─────────────┘
-
-
-        Split string values in column x in exactly 2 parts and assign
-        each part to a new column.
-
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("x")
-        ...     .str.split_exact("_", 1)
-        ...     .struct.rename_fields(["first_part", "second_part"])
-        ...     .alias("fields")
-        ... ).unnest("fields")
-        shape: (4, 3)
-        ┌──────┬────────────┬─────────────┐
-        │ x    ┆ first_part ┆ second_part │
-        │ ---  ┆ ---        ┆ ---         │
-        │ str  ┆ str        ┆ str         │
-        ╞══════╪════════════╪═════════════╡
-        │ a_1  ┆ a          ┆ 1           │
-        │ null ┆ null       ┆ null        │
-        │ c    ┆ c          ┆ null        │
-        │ d_4  ┆ d          ┆ 4           │
-        └──────┴────────────┴─────────────┘
-        """
-        by_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(by, str_as_lit=True)
-        if inclusive:
-            return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_split_exact_inclusive(by_pyexpr, n))
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_split_exact(by_pyexpr, n))
-
-    def splitn(self, by: IntoExpr, n: int) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Split the string by a substring, restricted to returning at most `n` items.
-
-        If the number of possible splits is less than `n-1`, the remaining field
-        elements will be null. If the number of possible splits is `n-1` or greater,
-        the last (nth) substring will contain the remainder of the string.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        by
-            Substring to split by.
-        n
-            Max number of items to return.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`Struct` with fields of data type
-            :class:`String`.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"s": ["foo bar", None, "foo-bar", "foo bar baz"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("s").str.splitn(" ", 2).alias("fields"))
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌─────────────┬───────────────────┐
-        │ s           ┆ fields            │
-        │ ---         ┆ ---               │
-        │ str         ┆ struct[2]         │
-        ╞═════════════╪═══════════════════╡
-        │ foo bar     ┆ {"foo","bar"}     │
-        │ null        ┆ {null,null}       │
-        │ foo-bar     ┆ {"foo-bar",null}  │
-        │ foo bar baz ┆ {"foo","bar baz"} │
-        └─────────────┴───────────────────┘
-
-        Split string values in column s in exactly 2 parts and assign
-        each part to a new column.
-
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("s")
-        ...     .str.splitn(" ", 2)
-        ...     .struct.rename_fields(["first_part", "second_part"])
-        ...     .alias("fields")
-        ... ).unnest("fields")
-        shape: (4, 3)
-        ┌─────────────┬────────────┬─────────────┐
-        │ s           ┆ first_part ┆ second_part │
-        │ ---         ┆ ---        ┆ ---         │
-        │ str         ┆ str        ┆ str         │
-        ╞═════════════╪════════════╪═════════════╡
-        │ foo bar     ┆ foo        ┆ bar         │
-        │ null        ┆ null       ┆ null        │
-        │ foo-bar     ┆ foo-bar    ┆ null        │
-        │ foo bar baz ┆ foo        ┆ bar baz     │
-        └─────────────┴────────────┴─────────────┘
-        """
-        by_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(by, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_splitn(by_pyexpr, n))
-
-    def replace(
-        self,
-        pattern: str | Expr,
-        value: str | Expr,
-        *,
-        literal: bool = False,
-        n: int = 1,
-    ) -> Expr:
-        r"""
-        Replace first matching regex/literal substring with a new string value.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        pattern
-            A valid regular expression pattern, compatible with the `regex crate
-            <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/>`_.
-        value
-            String that will replace the matched substring.
-        literal
-            Treat `pattern` as a literal string.
-        n
-            Number of matches to replace.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        replace_all
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        * To modify regular expression behaviour (such as case-sensitivity) with flags,
-          use the inline `(?iLmsuxU)` syntax. See the regex crate's section on
-          `grouping and flags <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/#grouping-and-flags>`_
-          for additional information about the use of inline expression modifiers.
-
-        * The dollar sign (`$`) is a special character related to capture groups; if you
-          want to replace some target pattern with characters that include a literal `$`
-          you should escape it by doubling it up as `$$`, or set `literal=True` if you
-          do not need a full regular expression pattern match. Otherwise, you will be
-          referencing a (potentially non-existent) capture group.
-
-          In the example below we need to double up `$` (to represent a literal dollar
-          sign, and then refer to the capture group using `$n` or `${n}`, hence the
-          three consecutive `$` characters in the replacement value:
-
-          .. code-block:: python
-
-              >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"cost": ["#12.34", "#56.78"]})
-              >>> df.with_columns(
-              ...     cost_usd=pl.col("cost").str.replace(r"#(\d+)", "$$${1}")
-              ... )
-              shape: (2, 2)
-              ┌────────┬──────────┐
-              │ cost   ┆ cost_usd │
-              │ ---    ┆ ---      │
-              │ str    ┆ str      │
-              ╞════════╪══════════╡
-              │ #12.34 ┆ $12.34   │
-              │ #56.78 ┆ $56.78   │
-              └────────┴──────────┘
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"id": [1, 2], "text": ["123abc", "abc456"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("text").str.replace(r"abc\b", "ABC"))
-        shape: (2, 2)
-        ┌─────┬────────┐
-        │ id  ┆ text   │
-        │ --- ┆ ---    │
-        │ i64 ┆ str    │
-        ╞═════╪════════╡
-        │ 1   ┆ 123ABC │
-        │ 2   ┆ abc456 │
-        └─────┴────────┘
-
-        Capture groups are supported. Use `$1` or `${1}` in the `value` string to refer
-        to the first capture group in the `pattern`, `$2` or `${2}` to refer to the
-        second capture group, and so on. You can also use *named* capture groups.
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"word": ["hat", "hut"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     positional=pl.col.word.str.replace("h(.)t", "b${1}d"),
-        ...     named=pl.col.word.str.replace("h(?<vowel>.)t", "b${vowel}d"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (2, 3)
-        ┌──────┬────────────┬───────┐
-        │ word ┆ positional ┆ named │
-        │ ---  ┆ ---        ┆ ---   │
-        │ str  ┆ str        ┆ str   │
-        ╞══════╪════════════╪═══════╡
-        │ hat  ┆ bad        ┆ bad   │
-        │ hut  ┆ bud        ┆ bud   │
-        └──────┴────────────┴───────┘
-
-        Apply case-insensitive string replacement using the `(?i)` flag.
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "city": "Philadelphia",
-        ...         "season": ["Spring", "Summer", "Autumn", "Winter"],
-        ...         "weather": ["Rainy", "Sunny", "Cloudy", "Snowy"],
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("weather").str.replace(r"(?i)foggy|rainy|cloudy|snowy", "Sunny")
-        ... )
-        shape: (4, 3)
-        ┌──────────────┬────────┬─────────┐
-        │ city         ┆ season ┆ weather │
-        │ ---          ┆ ---    ┆ ---     │
-        │ str          ┆ str    ┆ str     │
-        ╞══════════════╪════════╪═════════╡
-        │ Philadelphia ┆ Spring ┆ Sunny   │
-        │ Philadelphia ┆ Summer ┆ Sunny   │
-        │ Philadelphia ┆ Autumn ┆ Sunny   │
-        │ Philadelphia ┆ Winter ┆ Sunny   │
-        └──────────────┴────────┴─────────┘
-        """
-        pattern_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(pattern, str_as_lit=True)
-        value_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(value, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(
-            self._pyexpr.str_replace_n(pattern_pyexpr, value_pyexpr, literal, n)
-        )
-
-    def replace_all(
-        self, pattern: str | Expr, value: str | Expr, *, literal: bool = False
-    ) -> Expr:
-        r"""
-        Replace all matching regex/literal substrings with a new string value.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        pattern
-            A valid regular expression pattern, compatible with the `regex crate
-            <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/>`_.
-        value
-            String that will replace the matched substring.
-        literal
-            Treat `pattern` as a literal string.
-
-        See Also
-        --------
-        replace
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        * To modify regular expression behaviour (such as case-sensitivity) with flags,
-          use the inline `(?iLmsuxU)` syntax. See the regex crate's section on
-          `grouping and flags <https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/#grouping-and-flags>`_
-          for additional information about the use of inline expression modifiers.
-
-        * The dollar sign (`$`) is a special character related to capture groups; if you
-          want to replace some target pattern with characters that include a literal `$`
-          you should escape it by doubling it up as `$$`, or set `literal=True` if you
-          do not need a full regular expression pattern match. Otherwise, you will be
-          referencing a (potentially non-existent) capture group.
-
-          In the example below we need to double up `$` to represent a literal dollar
-          sign, otherwise we are referring to a capture group (which may or may not
-          exist):
-
-          .. code-block:: python
-
-              >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"text": ["ab12cd34ef", "gh45ij67kl"]})
-              >>> df.with_columns(
-              ...     # the replacement pattern refers back to the capture group
-              ...     text1=pl.col("text").str.replace_all(r"(?<N>\d{2,})", "$N$"),
-              ...     # doubling-up the `$` results in it appearing as a literal value
-              ...     text2=pl.col("text").str.replace_all(r"(?<N>\d{2,})", "$$N$$"),
-              ... )
-              shape: (2, 3)
-              ┌────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐
-              │ text       ┆ text1        ┆ text2        │
-              │ ---        ┆ ---          ┆ ---          │
-              │ str        ┆ str          ┆ str          │
-              ╞════════════╪══════════════╪══════════════╡
-              │ ab12cd34ef ┆ ab12$cd34$ef ┆ ab$N$cd$N$ef │
-              │ gh45ij67kl ┆ gh45$ij67$kl ┆ gh$N$ij$N$kl │
-              └────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"id": [1, 2], "text": ["abcabc", "123a123"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("text").str.replace_all("a", "-"))
-        shape: (2, 2)
-        ┌─────┬─────────┐
-        │ id  ┆ text    │
-        │ --- ┆ ---     │
-        │ i64 ┆ str     │
-        ╞═════╪═════════╡
-        │ 1   ┆ -bc-bc  │
-        │ 2   ┆ 123-123 │
-        └─────┴─────────┘
-
-        Capture groups are supported. Use `$1` or `${1}` in the `value` string to refer
-        to the first capture group in the `pattern`, `$2` or `${2}` to refer to the
-        second capture group, and so on. You can also use *named* capture groups.
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"word": ["hat", "hut"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     positional=pl.col.word.str.replace_all("h(.)t", "b${1}d"),
-        ...     named=pl.col.word.str.replace_all("h(?<vowel>.)t", "b${vowel}d"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (2, 3)
-        ┌──────┬────────────┬───────┐
-        │ word ┆ positional ┆ named │
-        │ ---  ┆ ---        ┆ ---   │
-        │ str  ┆ str        ┆ str   │
-        ╞══════╪════════════╪═══════╡
-        │ hat  ┆ bad        ┆ bad   │
-        │ hut  ┆ bud        ┆ bud   │
-        └──────┴────────────┴───────┘
-
-        Apply case-insensitive string replacement using the `(?i)` flag.
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "city": "Philadelphia",
-        ...         "season": ["Spring", "Summer", "Autumn", "Winter"],
-        ...         "weather": ["Rainy", "Sunny", "Cloudy", "Snowy"],
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     # apply case-insensitive string replacement
-        ...     pl.col("weather").str.replace_all(
-        ...         r"(?i)foggy|rainy|cloudy|snowy", "Sunny"
-        ...     )
-        ... )
-        shape: (4, 3)
-        ┌──────────────┬────────┬─────────┐
-        │ city         ┆ season ┆ weather │
-        │ ---          ┆ ---    ┆ ---     │
-        │ str          ┆ str    ┆ str     │
-        ╞══════════════╪════════╪═════════╡
-        │ Philadelphia ┆ Spring ┆ Sunny   │
-        │ Philadelphia ┆ Summer ┆ Sunny   │
-        │ Philadelphia ┆ Autumn ┆ Sunny   │
-        │ Philadelphia ┆ Winter ┆ Sunny   │
-        └──────────────┴────────┴─────────┘
-        """
-        pattern_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(pattern, str_as_lit=True)
-        value_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(value, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(
-            self._pyexpr.str_replace_all(pattern_pyexpr, value_pyexpr, literal)
-        )
-
-    def reverse(self) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Returns string values in reversed order.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"text": ["foo", "bar", "man\u0303ana"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("text").str.reverse().alias("reversed"))
-        shape: (3, 2)
-        ┌────────┬──────────┐
-        │ text   ┆ reversed │
-        │ ---    ┆ ---      │
-        │ str    ┆ str      │
-        ╞════════╪══════════╡
-        │ foo    ┆ oof      │
-        │ bar    ┆ rab      │
-        │ mañana ┆ anañam   │
-        └────────┴──────────┘
-        """
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_reverse())
-
-    def slice(
-        self, offset: int | IntoExprColumn, length: int | IntoExprColumn | None = None
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Extract a substring from each string value.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        offset
-            Start index. Negative indexing is supported.
-        length
-            Length of the slice. If set to `None` (default), the slice is taken to the
-            end of the string.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`String`.
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        Both the `offset` and `length` inputs are defined in terms of the number
-        of characters in the (UTF8) string. A character is defined as a
-        `Unicode scalar value`_. A single character is represented by a single byte
-        when working with ASCII text, and a maximum of 4 bytes otherwise.
-
-        .. _Unicode scalar value: https://www.unicode.org/glossary/#unicode_scalar_value
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"s": ["pear", None, "papaya", "dragonfruit"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("s").str.slice(-3).alias("slice"))
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌─────────────┬───────┐
-        │ s           ┆ slice │
-        │ ---         ┆ ---   │
-        │ str         ┆ str   │
-        ╞═════════════╪═══════╡
-        │ pear        ┆ ear   │
-        │ null        ┆ null  │
-        │ papaya      ┆ aya   │
-        │ dragonfruit ┆ uit   │
-        └─────────────┴───────┘
-
-        Using the optional `length` parameter
-
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("s").str.slice(4, length=3).alias("slice"))
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌─────────────┬───────┐
-        │ s           ┆ slice │
-        │ ---         ┆ ---   │
-        │ str         ┆ str   │
-        ╞═════════════╪═══════╡
-        │ pear        ┆       │
-        │ null        ┆ null  │
-        │ papaya      ┆ ya    │
-        │ dragonfruit ┆ onf   │
-        └─────────────┴───────┘
-        """
-        offset_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(offset)
-        length_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(length)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_slice(offset_pyexpr, length_pyexpr))
-
-    def head(self, n: int | IntoExprColumn) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Return the first n characters of each string in a String Series.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        n
-            Length of the slice (integer or expression). Negative indexing is supported;
-            see note (2) below.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`String`.
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        1) The `n` input is defined in terms of the number of characters in the (UTF8)
-           string. A character is defined as a `Unicode scalar value`_. A single
-           character is represented by a single byte when working with ASCII text, and a
-           maximum of 4 bytes otherwise.
-
-           .. _Unicode scalar value: https://www.unicode.org/glossary/#unicode_scalar_value
-
-        2) When the `n` input is negative, `head` returns characters up to the `n`th
-           from the end of the string. For example, if `n = -3`, then all characters
-           except the last three are returned.
-
-        3) If the length of the string has fewer than `n` characters, the full string is
-           returned.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        Return up to the first 5 characters:
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"s": ["pear", None, "papaya", "dragonfruit"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("s").str.head(5).alias("s_head_5"))
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌─────────────┬──────────┐
-        │ s           ┆ s_head_5 │
-        │ ---         ┆ ---      │
-        │ str         ┆ str      │
-        ╞═════════════╪══════════╡
-        │ pear        ┆ pear     │
-        │ null        ┆ null     │
-        │ papaya      ┆ papay    │
-        │ dragonfruit ┆ drago    │
-        └─────────────┴──────────┘
-
-        Return characters determined by column `n`:
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "s": ["pear", None, "papaya", "dragonfruit"],
-        ...         "n": [3, 4, -2, -5],
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("s").str.head("n").alias("s_head_n"))
-        shape: (4, 3)
-        ┌─────────────┬─────┬──────────┐
-        │ s           ┆ n   ┆ s_head_n │
-        │ ---         ┆ --- ┆ ---      │
-        │ str         ┆ i64 ┆ str      │
-        ╞═════════════╪═════╪══════════╡
-        │ pear        ┆ 3   ┆ pea      │
-        │ null        ┆ 4   ┆ null     │
-        │ papaya      ┆ -2  ┆ papa     │
-        │ dragonfruit ┆ -5  ┆ dragon   │
-        └─────────────┴─────┴──────────┘
-        """
-        n_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(n)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_head(n_pyexpr))
-
-    def tail(self, n: int | IntoExprColumn) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Return the last n characters of each string in a String Series.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        n
-            Length of the slice (integer or expression). Negative indexing is supported;
-            see note (2) below.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`String`.
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        1) The `n` input is defined in terms of the number of characters in the (UTF8)
-           string. A character is defined as a `Unicode scalar value`_. A single
-           character is represented by a single byte when working with ASCII text, and a
-           maximum of 4 bytes otherwise.
-
-           .. _Unicode scalar value: https://www.unicode.org/glossary/#unicode_scalar_value
-
-        2) When the `n` input is negative, `tail` returns characters starting from the
-           `n`th from the beginning of the string. For example, if `n = -3`, then all
-           characters except the first three are returned.
-
-        3) If the length of the string has fewer than `n` characters, the full string is
-           returned.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        Return up to the last 5 characters:
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"s": ["pear", None, "papaya", "dragonfruit"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("s").str.tail(5).alias("s_tail_5"))
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌─────────────┬──────────┐
-        │ s           ┆ s_tail_5 │
-        │ ---         ┆ ---      │
-        │ str         ┆ str      │
-        ╞═════════════╪══════════╡
-        │ pear        ┆ pear     │
-        │ null        ┆ null     │
-        │ papaya      ┆ apaya    │
-        │ dragonfruit ┆ fruit    │
-        └─────────────┴──────────┘
-
-        Return characters determined by column `n`:
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "s": ["pear", None, "papaya", "dragonfruit"],
-        ...         "n": [3, 4, -2, -5],
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("s").str.tail("n").alias("s_tail_n"))
-        shape: (4, 3)
-        ┌─────────────┬─────┬──────────┐
-        │ s           ┆ n   ┆ s_tail_n │
-        │ ---         ┆ --- ┆ ---      │
-        │ str         ┆ i64 ┆ str      │
-        ╞═════════════╪═════╪══════════╡
-        │ pear        ┆ 3   ┆ ear      │
-        │ null        ┆ 4   ┆ null     │
-        │ papaya      ┆ -2  ┆ paya     │
-        │ dragonfruit ┆ -5  ┆ nfruit   │
-        └─────────────┴─────┴──────────┘
-        """
-        n_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(n)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_tail(n_pyexpr))
-
-    @deprecated(
-        '`str.explode` is deprecated; use `str.split("").explode()` instead.'
-        " Note that empty strings will result in null instead of being preserved."
-        " To get the exact same behavior, split first and then use a `pl.when...then...otherwise`"
-        " expression to handle the empty list before exploding."
-    )
-    def explode(self) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Returns a column with a separate row for every string character.
-
-        .. deprecated:: 0.20.31
-            Use the `.str.split("").explode()` method instead. Note that empty strings
-            will result in null instead of being preserved. To get the exact same
-            behavior, split first and then use a `pl.when...then...otherwise`
-            expression to handle the empty list before exploding.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`String`.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"a": ["foo", "bar"]})
-        >>> df.select(pl.col("a").str.explode())  # doctest: +SKIP
-        shape: (6, 1)
-        ┌─────┐
-        │ a   │
-        │ --- │
-        │ str │
-        ╞═════╡
-        │ f   │
-        │ o   │
-        │ o   │
-        │ b   │
-        │ a   │
-        │ r   │
-        └─────┘
-        """
-        split = self.split("")
-        return F.when(split.ne_missing([])).then(split).otherwise([""]).explode()
-
-    def to_integer(
-        self,
-        *,
-        base: int | IntoExprColumn = 10,
-        dtype: PolarsIntegerType = Int64,
-        strict: bool = True,
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Convert a String column into an Int64 column with base radix.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        base
-            Positive integer or expression which is the base of the string
-            we are parsing.
-            Default: 10.
-        strict
-            Bool, Default=True will raise any ParseError or overflow as ComputeError.
-            False silently convert to Null.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`Int64`.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"bin": ["110", "101", "010", "invalid"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     parsed=pl.col("bin").str.to_integer(
-        ...         base=2, dtype=pl.Int32, strict=False
-        ...     )
-        ... )
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌─────────┬────────┐
-        │ bin     ┆ parsed │
-        │ ---     ┆ ---    │
-        │ str     ┆ i32    │
-        ╞═════════╪════════╡
-        │ 110     ┆ 6      │
-        │ 101     ┆ 5      │
-        │ 010     ┆ 2      │
-        │ invalid ┆ null   │
-        └─────────┴────────┘
-
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"hex": ["fa1e", "ff00", "cafe", None]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(parsed=pl.col("hex").str.to_integer(base=16, strict=True))
-        shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌──────┬────────┐
-        │ hex  ┆ parsed │
-        │ ---  ┆ ---    │
-        │ str  ┆ i64    │
-        ╞══════╪════════╡
-        │ fa1e ┆ 64030  │
-        │ ff00 ┆ 65280  │
-        │ cafe ┆ 51966  │
-        │ null ┆ null   │
-        └──────┴────────┘
-        """
-        base_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(base, str_as_lit=False)
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_to_integer(base_pyexpr, dtype, strict))
-
-    def contains_any(
-        self, patterns: IntoExpr, *, ascii_case_insensitive: bool = False
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Use the Aho-Corasick algorithm to find matches.
-
-        Determines if any of the patterns are contained in the string.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        patterns
-            String patterns to search.
-        ascii_case_insensitive
-            Enable ASCII-aware case-insensitive matching.
-            When this option is enabled, searching will be performed without respect
-            to case for ASCII letters (a-z and A-Z) only.
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        This method supports matching on string literals only, and does not support
-        regular expression matching.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> _ = pl.Config.set_fmt_str_lengths(100)
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "lyrics": [
-        ...             "Everybody wants to rule the world",
-        ...             "Tell me what you want, what you really really want",
-        ...             "Can you feel the love tonight",
-        ...         ]
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("lyrics").str.contains_any(["you", "me"]).alias("contains_any")
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 2)
-        ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐
-        │ lyrics                                             ┆ contains_any │
-        │ ---                                                ┆ ---          │
-        │ str                                                ┆ bool         │
-        ╞════════════════════════════════════════════════════╪══════════════╡
-        │ Everybody wants to rule the world                  ┆ false        │
-        │ Tell me what you want, what you really really want ┆ true         │
-        │ Can you feel the love tonight                      ┆ true         │
-        └────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┘
-        """
-        patterns_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(patterns, str_as_lit=False)
-        return wrap_expr(
-            self._pyexpr.str_contains_any(patterns_pyexpr, ascii_case_insensitive)
-        )
-
-    def replace_many(
-        self,
-        patterns: IntoExpr | Mapping[str, str],
-        replace_with: IntoExpr | NoDefault = no_default,
-        *,
-        ascii_case_insensitive: bool = False,
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Use the Aho-Corasick algorithm to replace many matches.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        patterns
-            String patterns to search and replace.
-            Accepts expression input. Strings are parsed as column names, and other
-            non-expression inputs are parsed as literals. Also accepts a mapping of
-            patterns to their replacement as syntactic sugar for
-            `replace_many(pl.Series(mapping.keys()), pl.Series(mapping.values()))`.
-        replace_with
-            Strings to replace where a pattern was a match.
-            Accepts expression input. Non-expression inputs are parsed as literals.
-            Length must match the length of `patterns` or have length 1. This can be
-            broadcasted, so it supports many:one and many:many.
-        ascii_case_insensitive
-            Enable ASCII-aware case-insensitive matching.
-            When this option is enabled, searching will be performed without respect
-            to case for ASCII letters (a-z and A-Z) only.
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        This method supports matching on string literals only, and does not support
-        regular expression matching.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        Replace many patterns by passing sequences of equal length to the `patterns` and
-        `replace_with` parameters.
-
-        >>> _ = pl.Config.set_fmt_str_lengths(100)
-        >>> _ = pl.Config.set_tbl_width_chars(110)
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "lyrics": [
-        ...             "Everybody wants to rule the world",
-        ...             "Tell me what you want, what you really really want",
-        ...             "Can you feel the love tonight",
-        ...         ]
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("lyrics")
-        ...     .str.replace_many(
-        ...         ["me", "you"],
-        ...         ["you", "me"],
-        ...     )
-        ...     .alias("confusing")
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 2)
-        ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
-        │ lyrics                                             ┆ confusing                                         │
-        │ ---                                                ┆ ---                                               │
-        │ str                                                ┆ str                                               │
-        ╞════════════════════════════════════════════════════╪═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
-        │ Everybody wants to rule the world                  ┆ Everybody wants to rule the world                 │
-        │ Tell me what you want, what you really really want ┆ Tell you what me want, what me really really want │
-        │ Can you feel the love tonight                      ┆ Can me feel the love tonight                      │
-        └────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
-        Broadcast a replacement for many patterns by passing sequence of length 1 to the
-        `replace_with` parameter.
-
-        >>> _ = pl.Config.set_fmt_str_lengths(100)
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "lyrics": [
-        ...             "Everybody wants to rule the world",
-        ...             "Tell me what you want, what you really really want",
-        ...             "Can you feel the love tonight",
-        ...         ]
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("lyrics")
-        ...     .str.replace_many(
-        ...         ["me", "you", "they"],
-        ...         [""],
-        ...     )
-        ...     .alias("removes_pronouns")
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 2)
-        ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┐
-        │ lyrics                                             ┆ removes_pronouns                           │
-        │ ---                                                ┆ ---                                        │
-        │ str                                                ┆ str                                        │
-        ╞════════════════════════════════════════════════════╪════════════════════════════════════════════╡
-        │ Everybody wants to rule the world                  ┆ Everybody wants to rule the world          │
-        │ Tell me what you want, what you really really want ┆ Tell  what  want, what  really really want │
-        │ Can you feel the love tonight                      ┆ Can  feel the love tonight                 │
-        └────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
-        Passing a mapping with patterns and replacements is also supported as syntactic
-        sugar.
-
-        >>> _ = pl.Config.set_fmt_str_lengths(100)
-        >>> _ = pl.Config.set_tbl_width_chars(110)
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "lyrics": [
-        ...             "Everybody wants to rule the world",
-        ...             "Tell me what you want, what you really really want",
-        ...             "Can you feel the love tonight",
-        ...         ]
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> mapping = {"me": "you", "you": "me", "want": "need"}
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("lyrics").str.replace_many(mapping).alias("confusing")
-        ... )
-        shape: (3, 2)
-        ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
-        │ lyrics                                             ┆ confusing                                         │
-        │ ---                                                ┆ ---                                               │
-        │ str                                                ┆ str                                               │
-        ╞════════════════════════════════════════════════════╪═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
-        │ Everybody wants to rule the world                  ┆ Everybody needs to rule the world                 │
-        │ Tell me what you want, what you really really want ┆ Tell you what me need, what me really really need │
-        │ Can you feel the love tonight                      ┆ Can me feel the love tonight                      │
-        └────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-        """  # noqa: W505
-        if replace_with is no_default:
-            if not isinstance(patterns, Mapping):
-                msg = "`replace_with` argument is required if `patterns` argument is not a Mapping type"
-                raise TypeError(msg)
-            # Early return in case of an empty mapping.
-            if not patterns:
-                return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr)
-            replace_with = list(patterns.values())
-            patterns = list(patterns.keys())
-
-        patterns_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(
-            patterns,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-            str_as_lit=False,
-        )
-        replace_with_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(replace_with, str_as_lit=True)
-        return wrap_expr(
-            self._pyexpr.str_replace_many(
-                patterns_pyexpr, replace_with_pyexpr, ascii_case_insensitive
-            )
-        )
-
-    @unstable()
-    def extract_many(
-        self,
-        patterns: IntoExpr,
-        *,
-        ascii_case_insensitive: bool = False,
-        overlapping: bool = False,
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Use the Aho-Corasick algorithm to extract many matches.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        patterns
-            String patterns to search.
-        ascii_case_insensitive
-            Enable ASCII-aware case-insensitive matching.
-            When this option is enabled, searching will be performed without respect
-            to case for ASCII letters (a-z and A-Z) only.
-        overlapping
-            Whether matches may overlap.
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        This method supports matching on string literals only, and does not support
-        regular expression matching.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> _ = pl.Config.set_fmt_str_lengths(100)
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"values": ["discontent"]})
-        >>> patterns = ["winter", "disco", "onte", "discontent"]
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("values")
-        ...     .str.extract_many(patterns, overlapping=False)
-        ...     .alias("matches"),
-        ...     pl.col("values")
-        ...     .str.extract_many(patterns, overlapping=True)
-        ...     .alias("matches_overlapping"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (1, 3)
-        ┌────────────┬───────────┬─────────────────────────────────┐
-        │ values     ┆ matches   ┆ matches_overlapping             │
-        │ ---        ┆ ---       ┆ ---                             │
-        │ str        ┆ list[str] ┆ list[str]                       │
-        ╞════════════╪═══════════╪═════════════════════════════════╡
-        │ discontent ┆ ["disco"] ┆ ["disco", "onte", "discontent"] │
-        └────────────┴───────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "values": ["discontent", "rhapsody"],
-        ...         "patterns": [
-        ...             ["winter", "disco", "onte", "discontent"],
-        ...             ["rhap", "ody", "coalesce"],
-        ...         ],
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.select(pl.col("values").str.extract_many("patterns"))
-        shape: (2, 1)
-        ┌─────────────────┐
-        │ values          │
-        │ ---             │
-        │ list[str]       │
-        ╞═════════════════╡
-        │ ["disco"]       │
-        │ ["rhap", "ody"] │
-        └─────────────────┘
-        """
-        patterns_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(patterns, str_as_lit=False)
-        return wrap_expr(
-            self._pyexpr.str_extract_many(
-                patterns_pyexpr, ascii_case_insensitive, overlapping
-            )
-        )
-
-    @unstable()
-    def find_many(
-        self,
-        patterns: IntoExpr,
-        *,
-        ascii_case_insensitive: bool = False,
-        overlapping: bool = False,
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Use the Aho-Corasick algorithm to find many matches.
-
-        The function will return the bytes offset of the start of each match.
-        The return type will be `List<UInt32>`
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        patterns
-            String patterns to search.
-        ascii_case_insensitive
-            Enable ASCII-aware case-insensitive matching.
-            When this option is enabled, searching will be performed without respect
-            to case for ASCII letters (a-z and A-Z) only.
-        overlapping
-            Whether matches may overlap.
-
-        Notes
-        -----
-        This method supports matching on string literals only, and does not support
-        regular expression matching.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> _ = pl.Config.set_fmt_str_lengths(100)
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"values": ["discontent"]})
-        >>> patterns = ["winter", "disco", "onte", "discontent"]
-        >>> df.with_columns(
-        ...     pl.col("values")
-        ...     .str.find_many(patterns, overlapping=False)
-        ...     .alias("matches"),
-        ...     pl.col("values")
-        ...     .str.find_many(patterns, overlapping=True)
-        ...     .alias("matches_overlapping"),
-        ... )
-        shape: (1, 3)
-        ┌────────────┬───────────┬─────────────────────┐
-        │ values     ┆ matches   ┆ matches_overlapping │
-        │ ---        ┆ ---       ┆ ---                 │
-        │ str        ┆ list[u32] ┆ list[u32]           │
-        ╞════════════╪═══════════╪═════════════════════╡
-        │ discontent ┆ [0]       ┆ [0, 4, 0]           │
-        └────────────┴───────────┴─────────────────────┘
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame(
-        ...     {
-        ...         "values": ["discontent", "rhapsody"],
-        ...         "patterns": [
-        ...             ["winter", "disco", "onte", "discontent"],
-        ...             ["rhap", "ody", "coalesce"],
-        ...         ],
-        ...     }
-        ... )
-        >>> df.select(pl.col("values").str.find_many("patterns"))
-        shape: (2, 1)
-        ┌───────────┐
-        │ values    │
-        │ ---       │
-        │ list[u32] │
-        ╞═══════════╡
-        │ [0]       │
-        │ [0, 5]    │
-        └───────────┘
-        """
-        patterns_pyexpr = parse_into_expression(patterns, str_as_lit=False)
-        return wrap_expr(
-            self._pyexpr.str_find_many(
-                patterns_pyexpr, ascii_case_insensitive, overlapping
-            )
-        )
-
-    def join(self, delimiter: str = "", *, ignore_nulls: bool = True) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Vertically concatenate the string values in the column to a single string value.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        delimiter
-            The delimiter to insert between consecutive string values.
-        ignore_nulls
-            Ignore null values (default).
-            If set to `False`, null values will be propagated. This means that
-            if the column contains any null values, the output is null.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`String`.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"foo": [1, None, 3]})
-        >>> df.select(pl.col("foo").str.join("-"))
-        shape: (1, 1)
-        ┌─────┐
-        │ foo │
-        │ --- │
-        │ str │
-        ╞═════╡
-        │ 1-3 │
-        └─────┘
-        >>> df.select(pl.col("foo").str.join(ignore_nulls=False))
-        shape: (1, 1)
-        ┌──────┐
-        │ foo  │
-        │ ---  │
-        │ str  │
-        ╞══════╡
-        │ null │
-        └──────┘
-        """
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_join(delimiter, ignore_nulls=ignore_nulls))
-
-    @deprecated(
-        "`str.concat` is deprecated; use `str.join` instead. Note also that the "
-        "default `delimiter` for `str.join` is an empty string, not a hyphen."
-    )
-    def concat(
-        self, delimiter: str | None = None, *, ignore_nulls: bool = True
-    ) -> Expr:
-        """
-        Vertically concatenate the string values in the column to a single string value.
-
-        .. deprecated:: 1.0.0
-            Use :meth:`join` instead. Note that the default `delimiter` for :meth:`join`
-            is an empty string instead of a hyphen.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        delimiter
-            The delimiter to insert between consecutive string values.
-        ignore_nulls
-            Ignore null values (default).
-            If set to `False`, null values will be propagated. This means that
-            if the column contains any null values, the output is null.
-
-        Returns
-        -------
-        Expr
-            Expression of data type :class:`String`.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"foo": [1, None, 2]})
-        >>> df.select(pl.col("foo").str.concat("-"))  # doctest: +SKIP
-        shape: (1, 1)
-        ┌─────┐
-        │ foo │
-        │ --- │
-        │ str │
-        ╞═════╡
-        │ 1-2 │
-        └─────┘
-        >>> df.select(
-        ...     pl.col("foo").str.concat("-", ignore_nulls=False)
-        ... )  # doctest: +SKIP
-        shape: (1, 1)
-        ┌──────┐
-        │ foo  │
-        │ ---  │
-        │ str  │
-        ╞══════╡
-        │ null │
-        └──────┘
-        """
-        if delimiter is None:
-            delimiter = "-"
-        return self.join(delimiter, ignore_nulls=ignore_nulls)
-
-    def escape_regex(self) -> Expr:
-        r"""
-        Returns string values with all regular expression meta characters escaped.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"text": ["abc", "def", None, "abc(\\w+)"]})
-        >>> df.with_columns(pl.col("text").str.escape_regex().alias("escaped"))
-         shape: (4, 2)
-        ┌──────────┬──────────────┐
-        │ text     ┆ escaped      │
-        │ ---      ┆ ---          │
-        │ str      ┆ str          │
-        ╞══════════╪══════════════╡
-        │ abc      ┆ abc          │
-        │ def      ┆ def          │
-        │ null     ┆ null         │
-        │ abc(\w+) ┆ abc\(\\w\+\) │
-        └──────────┴──────────────┘
-        """
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_escape_regex())
-
-    def normalize(self, form: UnicodeForm = "NFC") -> Expr:
-        """
-        Returns the Unicode normal form of the string values.
-
-        This uses the forms described in Unicode Standard Annex 15: <https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/>.
-
-        Parameters
-        ----------
-        form : {'NFC', 'NFKC', 'NFD', 'NFKD'}
-            Unicode form to use.
-
-        Examples
-        --------
-        >>> df = pl.DataFrame({"text": ["01²", "ＫＡＤＯＫＡＷＡ"]})
-        >>> new = df.with_columns(
-        ...     nfc=pl.col("text").str.normalize("NFC"),
-        ...     nfkc=pl.col("text").str.normalize("NFKC"),
-        ... )
-        >>> new
-        shape: (2, 3)
-        ┌──────────────────┬──────────────────┬──────────┐
-        │ text             ┆ nfc              ┆ nfkc     │
-        │ ---              ┆ ---              ┆ ---      │
-        │ str              ┆ str              ┆ str      │
-        ╞══════════════════╪══════════════════╪══════════╡
-        │ 01²              ┆ 01²              ┆ 012      │
-        │ ＫＡＤＯＫＡＷＡ    ┆ ＫＡＤＯＫＡＷＡ    ┆ KADOKAWA │
-        └──────────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────┘
-        >>> new.select(pl.all().str.len_bytes())
-        shape: (2, 3)
-        ┌──────┬─────┬──────┐
-        │ text ┆ nfc ┆ nfkc │
-        │ ---  ┆ --- ┆ ---  │
-        │ u32  ┆ u32 ┆ u32  │
-        ╞══════╪═════╪══════╡
-        │ 4    ┆ 4   ┆ 3    │
-        │ 24   ┆ 24  ┆ 8    │
-        └──────┴─────┴──────┘
-        """  # noqa: RUF002
-        return wrap_expr(self._pyexpr.str_normalize(form))
-
-
-def _validate_format_argument(format: str | None) -> None:
-    if format is not None and ".%f" in format:
-        message = (
-            "Detected the pattern `.%f` in the chrono format string."
-            " This pattern should not be used to parse values after a decimal point."
-            " Use `%.f` instead."
-            " See the full specification: https://docs.rs/chrono/latest/chrono/format/strftime"
-        )
-        warnings.warn(message, ChronoFormatWarning, stacklevel=find_stacklevel())