pixeltable 0.2.26__py3-none-any.whl → 0.5.7__py3-none-any.whl

pixeltable/utils/object_stores.py

@@ -0,0 +1,573 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import os
+import re
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+import uuid
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NamedTuple
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from pixeltable import env, exceptions as excs
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pixeltable.catalog import Column
+
+
+class StorageTarget(enum.Enum):
+    """Enumeration of storage kinds."""
+
+    LOCAL_STORE = 'os'  # Local file system
+    S3_STORE = 's3'  # Amazon S3
+    R2_STORE = 'r2'  # Cloudflare R2
+    B2_STORE = 'b2'  # Backblaze B2
+    TIGRIS_STORE = 'tigris'  # Tigris
+    GCS_STORE = 'gs'  # Google Cloud Storage
+    AZURE_STORE = 'az'  # Azure Blob Storage
+    HTTP_STORE = 'http'  # HTTP/HTTPS
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.value
+
+
+class StorageObjectAddress(NamedTuple):
+    """Contains components of an object address.
+    Unused components are empty strings.
+    """
+
+    storage_target: StorageTarget  # The kind of storage referenced. This is NOT the same as the scheme.
+    scheme: str  # The scheme parsed from the source
+    account: str = ''  # Account number parsed from the source when applicable
+    account_extension: str = ''  # Account extension parsed from the source when applicable
+    container: str = ''  # Container / bucket name parsed from the source
+    key: str = ''  # Key parsed from the source (prefix + object_name)
+    prefix: str = ''  # Prefix (within the bucket) parsed from the source
+    object_name: str = ''  # Object name parsed from the source (if requested and applicable)
+    path: Path | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def has_object(self) -> bool:
+        return len(self.object_name) > 0
+
+    @property
+    def is_http_readable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.scheme.startswith('http') and self.has_object
+
+    @property
+    def is_azure_scheme(self) -> bool:
+        return self.scheme in ('wasb', 'wasbs', 'abfs', 'abfss')
+
+    @property
+    def has_valid_storage_target(self) -> bool:
+        return self.storage_target in (
+            StorageTarget.LOCAL_STORE,
+            StorageTarget.S3_STORE,
+            StorageTarget.R2_STORE,
+            StorageTarget.B2_STORE,
+            StorageTarget.TIGRIS_STORE,
+            StorageTarget.GCS_STORE,
+            StorageTarget.AZURE_STORE,
+            StorageTarget.HTTP_STORE,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def prefix_free_uri(self) -> str:
+        """Return the URI without any prefixes."""
+        if self.is_azure_scheme:
+            return f'{self.scheme}://{self.container}@{self.account}.{self.account_extension}/'
+        if self.account and self.account_extension:
+            return f'{self.scheme}://{self.account}.{self.account_extension}/{self.container}/'
+        if self.account_extension:
+            return f'{self.scheme}://{self.account_extension}/{self.container}/'
+        return f'{self.scheme}://{self.container}/'
+
+    @property
+    def container_free_uri(self) -> str:
+        """Return the URI without any prefixes."""
+        assert not self.is_azure_scheme, 'Azure storage requires a container name'
+        if self.account and self.account_extension:
+            return f'{self.scheme}://{self.account}.{self.account_extension}/'
+        if self.account_extension:
+            return f'{self.scheme}://{self.account_extension}/'
+        return f'{self.scheme}://'
+
+    @property
+    def to_path(self) -> Path:
+        assert self.storage_target == StorageTarget.LOCAL_STORE
+        assert self.path is not None
+        return self.path
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """A debug aid to override default str representation. Not to be used for any purpose."""
+        return f'{self.storage_target}..{self.scheme}://{self.account}.{self.account_extension}/{self.container}/{self.prefix}{self.object_name}'
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """A debug aid to override default repr representation. Not to be used for any purpose."""
+        return (
+            f'SObjectAddress(client: {self.storage_target!r}, s: {self.scheme!r}, a: {self.account!r}, '
+            f'ae: {self.account_extension!r}, c: {self.container!r}, '
+            f'p: {self.prefix!r}, o: {self.object_name!r})'
+        )
+
+
+class ObjectPath:
+    PATTERN = re.compile(r'([0-9a-fA-F]+)_(\d+)_(\d+)_([0-9a-fA-F]+)')  # tbl_id, col_id, version, uuid
+
+    @classmethod
+    def table_prefix(cls, tbl_id: UUID) -> str:
+        """Construct a unique unix-style prefix for objects in a table (without leading/trailing slashes)."""
+        assert isinstance(tbl_id, uuid.UUID)
+        return tbl_id.hex
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_prefix_raw(cls, tbl_id: UUID, col_id: int, tbl_version: int, ext: str | None = None) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        """Construct a unique unix-style prefix and filename for a persisted file.
+        The results are derived from table, col, and version specs.
+        Returns:
+            prefix: a unix-style prefix for the file without leading/trailing slashes
+            filename: a unique filename for the file without leading slashes
+        """
+        table_prefix = cls.table_prefix(tbl_id)
+        id_hex = uuid.uuid4().hex
+        prefix = f'{table_prefix}/{id_hex[:2]}/{id_hex[:4]}'
+        filename = f'{table_prefix}_{col_id}_{tbl_version}_{id_hex}{ext or ""}'
+        return prefix, filename
+
+    @classmethod
+    def separate_prefix_object(cls, path_and_object: str, may_contain_object_name: bool) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        path = path_and_object
+        object_name = ''
+        if not may_contain_object_name or path.endswith('/'):
+            prefix = path.rstrip('/')
+        elif '/' in path:
+            # If there are slashes in the path, separate into prefix and object
+            prefix, object_name = path.rsplit('/', 1)
+            prefix = prefix.rstrip('/')
+        else:
+            # If no slashes, the entire path is the object name
+            prefix = ''
+            object_name = path
+        if len(prefix) > 0 and not prefix.endswith('/'):
+            prefix += '/'
+        return prefix, object_name
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_object_storage_addr1(cls, src_addr: str) -> StorageObjectAddress:
+        """
+        Parses a cloud storage URI into its scheme, bucket, and key.
+
+        Args:
+            uri (str): The cloud storage URI (e.g., "gs://my-bucket/path/to/object.txt").
+
+        Returns:
+            StorageObjectAddress: A NamedTuple containing components of the address.
+
+        Formats:
+            s3://container/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            gs://container/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            wasb[s]://container@account.blob.core.windows.net/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            abfs[s]://container@account.dfs.core.windows.net/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            https://account.blob.core.windows.net/container/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            https://account.r2.cloudflarestorage.com/container/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            https://raw.github.com/pixeltable/pixeltable/main/docs/resources/images/000000000030.jpg
+        """
+        parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(src_addr)
+        scheme = parsed.scheme.lower()
+        account_name = ''
+        account_extension = ''
+        container = ''
+        key = ''
+        path = None
+
+        # len(parsed.scheme) == 1 occurs for Windows drive letters like C:\
+        if not parsed.scheme or len(parsed.scheme) == 1:
+            # If no scheme, treat as local file path; this will be further validated before use
+            storage_target = StorageTarget.LOCAL_STORE
+            scheme = 'file'
+            path = Path(src_addr)
+
+        elif scheme == 'file':
+            storage_target = StorageTarget.LOCAL_STORE
+            pth = parsed.path
+            if parsed.netloc:
+                # This is a UNC path, ie, file://host/share/path/to/file
+                pth = f'\\\\{parsed.netloc}{pth}'
+            path = Path(urllib.parse.unquote(urllib.request.url2pathname(pth)))
+            key = str(parsed.path).lstrip('/')
+
+        elif scheme in ('s3', 'gs'):
+            storage_target = StorageTarget.S3_STORE if scheme == 's3' else StorageTarget.GCS_STORE
+            container = parsed.netloc
+            key = parsed.path.lstrip('/')
+
+        elif scheme in ('wasb', 'wasbs', 'abfs', 'abfss'):
+            # Azure-specific URI schemes
+            # wasb[s]://container@account.blob.core.windows.net/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            # abfs[s]://container@account.dfs.core.windows.net/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            storage_target = StorageTarget.AZURE_STORE
+            container_and_account = parsed.netloc
+            if '@' in container_and_account:
+                container, account_host = container_and_account.split('@', 1)
+                account_name = account_host.split('.')[0]
+                account_extension = account_host.split('.', 1)[1]
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f'Invalid Azure URI format: {src_addr}')
+            key = parsed.path.lstrip('/')
+
+        elif scheme in ('http', 'https'):
+            # Standard HTTP(S) URL format
+            # https://account.blob.core.windows.net/container/<optional path>/<optional object>
+            # https://account.r2.cloudflarestorage.com/container/<optional path>/<optional object>
+            # https://s3.us-west-004.backblazeb2.com/container/<optional path>/<optional object>
+            # https://t3.storage.dev/container/<optional path>/<optional object> (Tigris)
+            # and possibly others
+            key = parsed.path
+            if 'cloudflare' in parsed.netloc:
+                storage_target = StorageTarget.R2_STORE
+            elif 'backblazeb2' in parsed.netloc:
+                storage_target = StorageTarget.B2_STORE
+            elif 'windows' in parsed.netloc:
+                storage_target = StorageTarget.AZURE_STORE
+            elif 't3.storage.dev' in parsed.netloc:
+                storage_target = StorageTarget.TIGRIS_STORE
+            else:
+                storage_target = StorageTarget.HTTP_STORE
+            if storage_target in (
+                StorageTarget.S3_STORE,
+                StorageTarget.AZURE_STORE,
+                StorageTarget.R2_STORE,
+                StorageTarget.B2_STORE,
+                StorageTarget.TIGRIS_STORE,
+            ):
+                account_name = parsed.netloc.split('.', 1)[0]
+                account_extension = parsed.netloc.split('.', 1)[1]
+                path_parts = key.lstrip('/').split('/', 1)
+                container = path_parts[0] if path_parts else ''
+                key = path_parts[1] if len(path_parts) > 1 else ''
+            else:
+                account_extension = parsed.netloc
+            key = key.lstrip('/')
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f'Unsupported URI scheme: {parsed.scheme}')
+
+        r = StorageObjectAddress(storage_target, scheme, account_name, account_extension, container, key, '', '', path)
+        assert r.has_valid_storage_target
+        return r
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_object_storage_addr(cls, src_addr: str, allow_obj_name: bool) -> StorageObjectAddress:
+        """
+        Parses a cloud storage URI into its scheme, bucket, prefix, and object name.
+
+        Args:
+            uri (str): The cloud storage URI (e.g., "gs://my-bucket/path/to/object.txt").
+
+        Returns:
+            StorageObjectAddress: A NamedTuple containing components of the address.
+
+        Formats:
+            s3://container/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            gs://container/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            wasb[s]://container@account.blob.core.windows.net/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            abfs[s]://container@account.dfs.core.windows.net/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            https://account.blob.core.windows.net/container/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            https://account.r2.cloudflarestorage.com/container/<optional prefix>/<optional object>
+            https://raw.github.com/pixeltable/pixeltable/main/docs/resources/images/000000000030.jpg
+        """
+        soa = cls.parse_object_storage_addr1(src_addr)
+        prefix, object_name = cls.separate_prefix_object(soa.key, allow_obj_name)
+        assert not object_name.endswith('/')
+        r = soa._replace(prefix=prefix, object_name=object_name)
+        return r
+
+
+class ObjectStoreBase:
+    def validate(self, error_prefix: str) -> str | None:
+        """Check the store configuration. Returns base URI if store is accessible.
+
+        Args:
+            error_col_name: a string of the form 'Column {name}: ' used when raising errors
+
+        Returns:
+            Base URI for the store. This value is stored in any Column attached to the store.
+        """
+        raise AssertionError
+
+    def copy_local_file(self, col: Column, src_path: Path) -> str:
+        """Copy a file associated with a Column to the store, returning the file's URL within the destination.
+
+        Args:
+            col: The Column to which the file belongs, used to generate the URI of the stored object.
+            src_path: The Path to the local file
+
+        Returns:
+            The URI of the object in the store
+        """
+        raise AssertionError
+
+    def move_local_file(self, col: Column, src_path: Path) -> str | None:
+        """Move a file associated with a Column to the store, returning the file's URL within the destination.
+
+        Args:
+            col: The Column to which the file belongs, used to generate the URI of the stored object.
+            src_path: The Path to the local file
+
+        Returns:
+            The URI of the object in the store, None if the object cannot be moved to the store
+        """
+        return None
+
+    def copy_object_to_local_file(self, src_path: str, dest_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Copies an object from the store to a local media file.
+
+        Args:
+            src_path: The URI of the object in the store
+            dest_path: The desired Path to the local file
+        """
+        raise AssertionError
+
+    def count(self, tbl_id: UUID, tbl_version: int | None = None) -> int:
+        """Return the number of objects in the store associated with the given tbl_id
+
+        Args:
+            tbl_id: Only count objects associated with a given table
+            tbl_version: Only count objects associated with a specific table version
+
+        Returns:
+            Number of objects found with the specified criteria
+        """
+        raise AssertionError
+
+    def delete(self, tbl_id: UUID, tbl_version: int | None = None) -> int | None:
+        """Delete objects in the destination for a given table ID, table version.
+
+        Args:
+            tbl_id: Only count objects associated with a given table
+            tbl_version: Only count objects associated with a specific table version
+
+        Returns:
+            Number of objects deleted or None if the store does not count deletions.
+        """
+        raise AssertionError
+
+    def list_objects(self, return_uri: bool, n_max: int = 10) -> list[str]:
+        """Return a list of objects in the store.
+
+        Args:
+            return_uri: If True, returns a full URI for each object, otherwise just the path to the object.
+            n_max: Maximum number of objects to list
+        """
+        raise AssertionError
+
+    def create_presigned_url(self, soa: StorageObjectAddress, expiration_seconds: int) -> str:
+        """Create a presigned URL for downloading an object from the store.
+
+        Args:
+            soa: StorageObjectAddress containing the object location
+            expiration_seconds: Time in seconds for the URL to remain valid
+
+        Returns:
+            A presigned HTTP URL that can be used to access the object
+        """
+        raise AssertionError
+
+
+class ObjectOps:
+    @classmethod
+    def get_store(
+        cls, dest: str | StorageObjectAddress | None, allow_obj_name: bool, col_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> ObjectStoreBase:
+        from pixeltable.env import Env
+        from pixeltable.utils.local_store import LocalStore
+
+        dest = dest or str(Env.get().media_dir)  # Use local media dir as fallback
+        soa = (
+            dest
+            if isinstance(dest, StorageObjectAddress)
+            else ObjectPath.parse_object_storage_addr(dest, allow_obj_name=allow_obj_name)
+        )
+        if soa.storage_target == StorageTarget.LOCAL_STORE:
+            return LocalStore(soa)
+        if soa.storage_target in (
+            StorageTarget.S3_STORE,
+            StorageTarget.R2_STORE,
+            StorageTarget.B2_STORE,
+            StorageTarget.TIGRIS_STORE,
+        ):
+            env.Env.get().require_package('boto3')
+            from pixeltable.utils.s3_store import S3Store
+
+            return S3Store(soa)
+        if soa.storage_target == StorageTarget.GCS_STORE and soa.scheme == 'gs':
+            env.Env.get().require_package('google.cloud.storage')
+            from pixeltable.utils.gcs_store import GCSStore
+
+            return GCSStore(soa)
+        if soa.storage_target == StorageTarget.AZURE_STORE:
+            env.Env.get().require_package('azure.storage.blob')
+            from pixeltable.utils.azure_store import AzureBlobStore
+
+            return AzureBlobStore(soa)
+        if soa.storage_target == StorageTarget.HTTP_STORE and soa.is_http_readable:
+            return HTTPStore(soa)
+        error_col_name = f'Column {col_name!r}: ' if col_name is not None else ''
+        raise excs.Error(
+            f'{error_col_name}`destination` must be a valid reference to a supported destination, got {dest!r}'
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_destination(cls, dest: str | Path | None, col_name: str | None = None) -> str:
+        """Convert a Column destination parameter to a URI, else raise errors.
+        Args:
+            dest: The requested destination
+            col_name: Used to raise error messages
+        Returns:
+            URI of destination, or raises an error
+        """
+        error_col_str = f'column {col_name!r}' if col_name is not None else ''
+
+        # General checks on any destination
+        if isinstance(dest, Path):
+            dest = str(dest)
+        if dest is not None and not isinstance(dest, str):
+            raise excs.Error(f'{error_col_str}: `destination` must be a string or path; got {dest!r}')
+
+        # Specific checks for storage backends
+        store = cls.get_store(dest, False, col_name)
+        dest2 = store.validate(error_col_str)
+        if dest2 is None:
+            raise excs.Error(f'{error_col_str}: `destination` must be a supported destination; got {dest!r}')
+        return dest2
+
+    @classmethod
+    def copy_object_to_local_file(cls, src_uri: str, dest_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Copy an object from a URL to a local Path. Thread safe.
+        Raises an exception if the download fails or the scheme is not supported
+        """
+        soa = ObjectPath.parse_object_storage_addr(src_uri, allow_obj_name=True)
+        store = cls.get_store(src_uri, True)
+        store.copy_object_to_local_file(soa.object_name, dest_path)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def put_file(cls, col: Column, src_path: Path, relocate_or_delete: bool) -> str:
+        """Move or copy a file to the destination, returning the file's URL within the destination.
+        If relocate_or_delete is True and the file is in the TempStore, the file will be deleted after the operation.
+        """
+        from pixeltable.utils.local_store import TempStore
+
+        if relocate_or_delete:
+            # File is temporary, used only once, so we can delete it after copy if it can't be moved
+            assert TempStore.contains_path(src_path)
+        dest = col.destination
+        store = cls.get_store(dest, False, col.name)
+        # Attempt to move
+        if relocate_or_delete:
+            moved_file_url = store.move_local_file(col, src_path)
+            if moved_file_url is not None:
+                return moved_file_url
+        new_file_url = store.copy_local_file(col, src_path)
+        if relocate_or_delete:
+            TempStore.delete_media_file(src_path)
+        return new_file_url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def move_local_file(cls, col: Column, src_path: Path) -> str:
+        """Move a file to the destination specified by the Column, returning the file's URL within the destination."""
+        store = cls.get_store(col.destination, False, col.name)
+        return store.move_local_file(col, src_path)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def copy_local_file(cls, col: Column, src_path: Path) -> str:
+        """Copy a file to the destination specified by the Column, returning the file's URL within the destination."""
+        store = cls.get_store(col.destination, False, col.name)
+        return store.copy_local_file(col, src_path)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def delete(cls, dest: str | None, tbl_id: UUID, tbl_version: int | None = None) -> int | None:
+        """Delete objects in the destination for a given table ID, table version.
+        Returns:
+            Number of objects deleted or None
+        """
+        store = cls.get_store(dest, False)
+        return store.delete(tbl_id, tbl_version)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def count(
+        cls,
+        tbl_id: UUID,
+        tbl_version: int | None = None,
+        dest: str | None = None,
+        default_input_dest: bool = False,
+        default_output_dest: bool = False,
+    ) -> int:
+        """
+        Return the count of objects in the destination for a given table ID.
+
+        At most one of dest, default_input, default_output may be specified. If none are specified, the fallback is the
+        local media directory.
+
+        Args:
+            tbl_id: Table ID for which to count objects
+            tbl_version: If specified, only counts objects for a specific table version
+            dest: The destination to count objects in
+            default_input_dest: If `True`, use the default input media destination
+            default_output_dest: If `True`, use the default output media destination
+        """
+        assert sum((dest is not None, default_input_dest, default_output_dest)) <= 1, (
+            'At most one of dest, default_input, default_output may be specified'
+        )
+        if default_input_dest:
+            dest = env.Env.get().default_input_media_dest
+        if default_output_dest:
+            dest = env.Env.get().default_output_media_dest
+        store = cls.get_store(dest, False)
+        return store.count(tbl_id, tbl_version)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def list_objects(cls, dest: str | None, return_uri: bool, n_max: int = 10) -> list[str]:
+        """Return a list of objects found in the specified destination bucket.
+        The dest specification string must not contain an object name.
+        Each returned object includes the full set of prefixes.
+        if return_uri is True, full URI's are returned; otherwise, just the object keys.
+        """
+        store = cls.get_store(dest, False)
+        return store.list_objects(return_uri, n_max)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def list_uris(cls, source_uri: str, n_max: int = 10) -> list[str]:
+        """Return a list of URIs found within the specified uri"""
+        return cls.list_objects(source_uri, True, n_max)
+
+
+class HTTPStore(ObjectStoreBase):
+    base_url: str
+
+    def __init__(self, soa: StorageObjectAddress):
+        self.base_url = f'{soa.scheme}://{soa.account_extension}/{soa.prefix}'
+        if not self.base_url.endswith('/'):
+            self.base_url += '/'
+
+    def copy_object_to_local_file(self, src_path: str, dest_path: Path) -> None:
+        with urllib.request.urlopen(self.base_url + src_path) as resp, open(dest_path, 'wb') as f:
+            data = resp.read()
+            f.write(data)
+            f.flush()  # Ensures Python buffers are written to OS
+            os.fsync(f.fileno())  # Forces OS to write to physical storage
+
+    def create_presigned_url(self, soa: StorageObjectAddress, expiration_seconds: int) -> str:
+        """Create a presigned URL for HTTP storage (returns the HTTP URL as-is).
+
+        Args:
+            soa: StorageObjectAddress containing the object location
+            expiration_seconds: Time in seconds for the URL to remain valid (ignored for HTTP)
+
+        Returns:
+            The HTTP URL as-is since it's already servable
+        """
+        if not soa.has_object:
+            raise excs.Error(f'StorageObjectAddress does not contain an object name: {soa}')
+
+        # Construct the full HTTP URL from the StorageObjectAddress
+        return f'{soa.scheme}://{soa.account_extension}/{soa.key}'

pixeltable/utils/pydantic.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import typing
+from datetime import datetime
+from enum import Enum
+from types import UnionType
+from typing import Any, Union
+
+import pydantic
+
+
+def is_json_convertible(model: type[pydantic.BaseModel]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Determine if instances of a Pydantic model can be converted to valid JSON
+    based on the type hints of its fields.
+    """
+    type_hints = typing.get_type_hints(model)
+    return all(_type_is_json_convertible(field_type) for field_type in type_hints.values())
+
+
+def _type_is_json_convertible(type_hint: Any) -> bool:
+    """
+    Recursively check if a type hint represents a JSON-compatible type.
+
+    TODO: also allow ndarrays and PIL.Image.Image, once we support those within json structures.
+    """
+    if type_hint is type(None):
+        return True
+    if type_hint is Any:
+        return False
+
+    if type_hint in (str, int, float, bool, datetime):
+        return True
+
+    if isinstance(type_hint, type) and issubclass(type_hint, Enum):
+        return all(isinstance(member.value, (str, int, float, bool, type(None))) for member in type_hint)
+
+    if isinstance(type_hint, type) and issubclass(type_hint, pydantic.BaseModel):
+        return is_json_convertible(type_hint)
+
+    origin = typing.get_origin(type_hint)
+    args = typing.get_args(type_hint)
+
+    if origin in (Union, UnionType):
+        return all(_type_is_json_convertible(arg) for arg in args)
+
+    if origin in (list, tuple):
+        return all(_type_is_json_convertible(arg) for arg in args) if len(args) > 0 else False
+
+    if origin is dict:
+        if len(args) != 2:
+            # we can't tell what this is
+            return False
+        key_type, value_type = args
+        # keys must be strings, values must be json-convertible
+        return key_type is str and _type_is_json_convertible(value_type)
+
+    # Literal types are json-convertible if their values are
+    if origin is typing.Literal:
+        return all(isinstance(val, (str, int, float, bool, type(None))) for val in args)
+
+    return False