piegy 2.1.8__cp37-cp37m-win32.whl

piegy/simulation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+'''
+Main Module of Stochastic Simulation
+-------------------------------------------
+
+Contains all the necessary tools to build a model and run models based on Gillespie Algorithm.
+
+Class & Functions:
+- model:                creates a stochastic mode. Run the model by ``simulation.run(mod)``
+- run:                  runs stochastic simulation on a model.
+- demo_model:           returns a demo model.
+- UV_expected_val:      calculates the expected population of U, V at steady state, assuming no migration and any stochastic process.
+- check_overflow_func:  check whether an overflow might happen in simulation. This is usually done automatically when init-ing a model.
+'''
+
+from . import find_C
+
+import numpy as np
+import os
+import ctypes
+from ctypes import c_size_t, c_uint32, c_int32, c_int64, c_double, c_bool, c_char_p, c_char
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.ctypeslib import ndpointer
+
+
+# check whether overflow / too large values might be encountered
+# these values are considered as exponents in exp()
+EXP_OVERFLOW_BOUND = 709  # where exp(x) reaches overflow bound
+EXP_TOO_LARGE_BOUND = 88  # where exp(x) reaches 1e20
+
+# read the C core into LIB
+# initialized upon first run
+LIB = None
+
+
+'''
+The C core
+'''
+
+class model_c(ctypes.Structure):
+    '''
+    The C-cored model
+    '''
+
+    _fields_ = [
+        ('N', c_size_t),
+        ('M', c_size_t),
+        ('maxtime', c_double),
+        ('record_itv', c_double),
+        ('sim_time', c_size_t),
+        ('boundary', c_bool),
+
+        ('I', ctypes.POINTER(c_uint32)),
+        ('X', ctypes.POINTER(c_double)),
+        ('P', ctypes.POINTER(c_double)),
+
+        ('print_pct', c_int32),
+        ('seed', c_int32),
+
+        ('data_empty', c_bool),
+        ('max_record', c_size_t),
+        ('arr_size', c_size_t),
+        ('compress_itv', c_uint32),
+
+        ('U1d', ctypes.POINTER(c_double)),
+        ('V1d', ctypes.POINTER(c_double)),
+        ('Upi_1d', ctypes.POINTER(c_double)),
+        ('Vpi_1d', ctypes.POINTER(c_double)),
+    ]
+    def get_array(self, name):
+        """Return internal data as NumPy array, e.g. .get_array('U')"""
+        ptr = getattr(self, name)
+        return np.ctypeslib.as_array(ptr, shape=(self.arr_size,))
+
+
+def read_lib():
+    global LIB
+    if LIB != None:
+        return
+    
+    LIB = ctypes.CDLL(find_C.find_C(), winmode = 0)
+    LIB.mod_init.argtypes = [
+        ctypes.POINTER(model_c), c_size_t, c_size_t,
+        c_double, c_double, c_size_t, c_bool,
+        ndpointer(dtype=np.uint32, flags="C_CONTIGUOUS"),
+        ndpointer(dtype=np.float64, flags="C_CONTIGUOUS"),
+        ndpointer(dtype=np.float64, flags="C_CONTIGUOUS"),
+        c_int32, c_int32
+    ]
+    LIB.mod_init.restype = c_bool
+
+    LIB.mod_free_py.argtypes = [ctypes.POINTER(model_c)]
+    LIB.mod_free_py.restype = None
+
+    LIB.run.argtypes = [ctypes.POINTER(model_c), ctypes.POINTER(c_char), c_size_t]
+    LIB.run.restype = None
+
+
+
+'''
+For access by Python
+'''             
+
+class model:
+    '''
+    Store model data and input parameters.
+    Initialize a model object to run models.
+
+    Public Class Functions:
+
+        __init__:
+            Create a model object. Also initialize data storage.
+
+        __str__:
+            Print model object in a nice way.
+
+        copy:
+            Return a deep copy of self. Can choose whether to copy data as well. Default is to copy.
+
+        clear_data:
+            clear all data stored, set U, V, Upi, Vpi to zero arrays
+
+        change_maxtime:
+            Changes maxtime of self. Update data storage as well.
+
+        set_seed:
+            Set a new seed. 
+
+        compress_data:
+            compress data by only storing average values
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, N, M, maxtime, record_itv, sim_time, boundary, I, X, P, print_pct = 25, seed = None, check_overflow = True):
+
+        self.check_valid_input(N, M, maxtime, record_itv, sim_time, boundary, I, X, P, print_pct, seed, check_overflow)
+        
+        self.N = N                      # int, N x M is spatial dimension
+        self.M = M                      # int, can't be 1. If want to make 1D space, use N = 1. And this model doesn't work for 1x1 space (causes NaN)
+        self.maxtime = maxtime          # float or int, run model for how long time
+        self.record_itv = record_itv    # float, record data every record_itv of time
+        self.sim_time = sim_time        # int, run this many of rounds (of single_test)
+        self.boundary = boundary        # bool, the N x M space have boundary or not (i.e., zero-flux (True) or periodical (False))
+        self.I = np.array(I)            # N x M x 2 np.array, initial population. Two init-popu for every patch (U and V)
+        self.X = np.array(X)            # N x M x 4 np.array, matrices. The '4' comes from 2x2 matrix flattened to 1D
+        self.P = np.array(P)            # N x M x 6 np.array, 'patch variables', i.e., mu1&2, w1&2, kappa1&2
+        if print_pct == None:
+            self.print_pct = -1
+        else:
+            self.print_pct = print_pct      # int, print how much percent is done, need to be non-zero
+        if seed == None:
+            self.seed = -1                # non-negative int, seed for random number generation
+        else:
+            self.seed = seed
+        self.check_overflow = check_overflow
+
+        if check_overflow:
+            check_overflow_func(self)
+
+        self.init_storage()             # initialize storage bins. Put in a separate function because might want to change maxtime 
+                                        # and that doesn't need to initialze the whole object again
+
+
+    def init_storage(self):
+        # initialize storage bins
+        self.data_empty = True      # whether data storage bins are empty. model.run will refuse to run (raise error) if not empty.
+        self.max_record = int(self.maxtime / self.record_itv)   # int, how many data points to store sin total
+        self.compress_itv = 1       # int, intended to reduce size of data (if not 1). Updated by compress_data function
+                                    # if set to an int, say 20, mod will take average over every 20 data points and save them as new data.
+                                    # May be used over and over again to recursively reduce data size. 
+                                    # Default is 1, not to take average.
+        self.U = None               # initialized by simulation.run or data_tools.read_data
+        self.V = None
+        self.Upi = None
+        self.Vpi = None
+
+
+    def check_valid_input(self, N, M, maxtime, record_itv, sim_time, boundary, I, X, P, print_pct, seed, check_overflow):
+        # check whether the inputs are valid
+
+        if (N < 1) or (M < 1):
+            raise ValueError('N < 1 or M < 1')
+        if (N == 1) and (M == 1):
+            raise ValueError('Model fails for 1x1 space')
+        if (M == 1):
+            raise ValueError('Please set N = 1 for 1D space.')
+        if maxtime <= 0:
+            raise ValueError('Please set a positive number for maxtime')
+        if record_itv <= 0:
+            raise ValueError('Please set a positive number for record_itv')
+        if sim_time <= 0:
+            raise ValueError('Please set a positive number for sim_time')
+        if type(boundary) != bool:
+            raise TypeError('boundary not a bool. Please use True for zero-flux (with boundary) or False for periodical (no boundary)')
+        
+        if (type(I) != list) and (type(I) != np.ndarray):
+            raise TypeError('Please set I as a list or np.ndarray')
+        if np.array(I).shape != (N, M, 2):
+            raise ValueError('Please set I as a N x M x 2 shape list or array. 2 is for init values of U, V at every patch')
+        
+        if (type(X) != list) and (type(X) != np.ndarray):
+            raise TypeError('Please set X as a list or np.ndarray')
+        if np.array(X).shape != (N, M, 4):
+            raise ValueError('Please set X as a N x M x 4 shape list or array. 4 is for the flattened 2x2 payoff matrix')
+        
+        if (type(P) != list) and (type(P) != np.ndarray):
+            raise TypeError('Please set P as a list or np.ndarray')
+        if np.array(P).shape != (N, M, 6):
+            raise ValueError('Please set P as a N x M x 6 shape list or array. 6 is for mu1, mu2, w1, w2, kappa1, kappa2')
+        
+        if not ((print_pct == None) or (isinstance(print_pct, int) and (print_pct >= -1))):
+            # if not the two acceptable values: None or >= -1 int
+            raise ValueError('Please use an int > 0 for print_pct or None for not printing progress.')
+        
+        if not ((seed == None) or (isinstance(seed, int) and (seed >= -1))):
+            raise ValueError('Please use a non-negative int as seed, or use None for no seed.')
+        
+        if not isinstance(check_overflow, bool):
+            raise ValueError('Please use a bool for check_overflow')
+        
+
+    def check_valid_data(self, data_empty, max_record, compress_itv):
+        # check whether a set of data is valid, used when reading a saved model
+        if type(data_empty) != bool:
+            raise TypeError('data_empty not a bool')
+        
+        if type(max_record) != int:
+            raise TypeError('max_record not an int')
+        if max_record < 0:
+            raise ValueError('max_record < 0')
+        
+        if type(compress_itv) != int:
+            raise TypeError('compress_itv not an int')
+        if compress_itv < 0:
+            raise ValueError('compress_itv < 0')
+   
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        # print this mod in a nice format
+
+        self_str = ''
+        self_str += 'N = ' + str(self.N) + '\n'
+        self_str += 'M = ' + str(self.M) + '\n'
+        self_str += 'maxtime = ' + str(self.maxtime) + '\n'
+        self_str += 'record_itv = ' + str(self.record_itv) + '\n'
+        self_str += 'sim_time = ' + str(self.sim_time) + '\n'
+        self_str += 'boundary = ' + str(self.boundary) + '\n'
+        self_str += 'print_pct = ' + str(self.print_pct) + '\n'
+        self_str += 'seed = ' + str(self.seed) + '\n'
+        self_str += 'check_overflow = ' + str(self.check_overflow) + '\n'
+        self_str += 'data_empty = ' + str(self.data_empty) + '\n'
+        self_str += 'compress_itv = ' + str(self.compress_itv) + '\n'
+        self_str += '\n'
+
+        # check whether I, X, P all same (compare all patches to (0, 0))
+        I_same = True
+        X_same = True
+        P_same = True
+        for i in range(self.N):
+            for j in range(self.M):
+                for k in range(2):
+                    if self.I[i][j][k] != self.I[0][0][k]:
+                        I_same = False
+                for k in range(4):
+                    if self.X[i][j][k] != self.X[0][0][k]:
+                        X_same = False
+                for k in range(6):
+                    if self.P[i][j][k] != self.P[0][0][k]:
+                        P_same = False
+        
+        if I_same:
+            self_str += 'I all same: ' + str(self.I[0][0]) + '\n'
+        else:
+            self_str += 'I:\n'
+            for i in range(self.N):
+                for j in range(self.M):
+                    self_str += str(self.I[i][j]) + ' '
+                self_str += '\n'
+            self_str += '\n'
+        
+        if X_same:
+            self_str += 'X all same: ' + str(self.X[0][0]) + '\n'
+        else:
+            self_str += 'X:\n'
+            for i in range(self.N):
+                for j in range(self.M):
+                    self_str += str(self.X[i][j]) + ' '
+                self_str += '\n'
+            self_str += '\n'
+
+        if P_same:
+            self_str += 'P all same: ' + str(self.P[0][0]) + '\n'
+        else:
+            self_str += 'P:\n'
+            for i in range(self.N):
+                for j in range(self.M):
+                    self_str += str(self.P[i][j]) + ' '
+                self_str += '\n'
+
+        return self_str
+    
+
+    def copy(self, copy_data = True):
+        # return deep copy of self
+        # copy_data decides whether to copy data as well
+        if type(copy_data) != bool:
+            raise TypeError('Please give a bool as argument: whether to copy data or not')
+
+        sim2 = model(N = self.N, M = self.M, maxtime = self.maxtime, record_itv = self.record_itv, sim_time = self.sim_time, boundary = self.boundary,
+                          I = np.copy(self.I), X = np.copy(self.X), P = np.copy(self.P), 
+                          print_pct = self.print_pct, seed = self.seed, check_overflow = self.check_overflow)
+
+        if copy_data:
+            # copy data as well
+            sim2.set_data(self.data_empty, self.max_record, self.compress_itv, self.U, self.V, self.Upi, self.Vpi)
+
+        return sim2
+
+
+    def calculate_ave(self):
+        # get the average value over sim_time many models
+        if self.sim_time != 1:
+            for i in range(self.N):
+                for j in range(self.M):
+                    for t in range(self.max_record):
+                        self.U[i][j][t] /= self.sim_time
+                        self.V[i][j][t] /= self.sim_time
+                        self.Upi[i][j][t] /= self.sim_time
+                        self.Vpi[i][j][t] /= self.sim_time
+
+
+    def change_maxtime(self, maxtime):
+        # change maxtime
+        if (type(maxtime) != float) and (type(maxtime) != int):
+            raise TypeError('Please pass in a float or int as the new maxtime.')
+        if maxtime <= 0:
+            raise ValueError('Please use a positive maxtime.')
+        self.maxtime = maxtime
+        self.init_storage()
+
+
+    def set_seed(self, seed):
+        # set seed
+        self.seed = seed
+
+
+    def clear_data(self):
+        # clear all data stored, set all to 0
+        self.init_storage()
+
+
+    def set_data(self, data_empty, max_record, compress_itv, U, V, Upi, Vpi):
+        # set data to the given data values
+        # copies are made
+        self.check_valid_data(data_empty, max_record, compress_itv)
+
+        self.data_empty = data_empty
+        self.max_record = max_record
+        self.compress_itv = compress_itv
+        self.U = np.copy(U)
+        self.V = np.copy(V)
+        self.Upi = np.copy(Upi)
+        self.Vpi = np.copy(Vpi)
+
+
+    def compress_data(self, compress_itv = 5):
+        # compress data by only storing average values
+        if self.data_empty:
+            raise RuntimeError('Model has empty data. Cannot compress')
+
+        if type(compress_itv) != int:
+            raise TypeError('Please use an int as compress_itv')
+        if compress_itv < 1:
+            raise ValueError('Please use record_itv >= 1')
+        if compress_itv == 1:
+            return
+        
+        self.compress_itv *= compress_itv  # may be reduced over and over again
+        self.max_record = int(self.max_record / compress_itv)  # number of data points after reducing
+
+        U_reduced = np.zeros((self.N, self.M, self.max_record), dtype = np.float64)
+        V_reduced = np.zeros((self.N, self.M, self.max_record), dtype = np.float64)
+        Upi_reduced = np.zeros((self.N, self.M, self.max_record), dtype = np.float64)
+        Vpi_reduced = np.zeros((self.N, self.M, self.max_record), dtype = np.float64)
+
+        for i in range(self.N):
+            for j in range(self.M):
+                for k in range(self.max_record):
+                    lower = k * compress_itv  # upper and lower bound of current record_itv
+                    upper = lower + compress_itv
+                    U_reduced[i][j][k] = np.mean(self.U[i, j, lower : upper])
+                    V_reduced[i][j][k] = np.mean(self.V[i, j, lower : upper])
+                    Upi_reduced[i][j][k] = np.mean(self.Upi[i, j, lower : upper])
+                    Vpi_reduced[i][j][k] = np.mean(self.Vpi[i, j, lower : upper])
+        
+        self.U = U_reduced
+        self.V = V_reduced
+        self.Upi = Upi_reduced
+        self.Vpi = Vpi_reduced
+
+
+
+def run(mod, message = ""):
+    '''
+    C-cored simulation
+    '''
+
+    read_lib()
+
+    if not mod.data_empty:
+        raise ValueError('mod has non-empty data.')
+
+    msg_len = len(message)
+    msg_bytes = message.encode('utf-8')
+    msg_buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(msg_bytes, msg_len) 
+    
+    I = np.ascontiguousarray(mod.I.flatten(), dtype = np.uint32)
+    X = np.ascontiguousarray(mod.X.flatten(), dtype = np.float64)
+    P = np.ascontiguousarray(mod.P.flatten(), dtype = np.float64)
+
+    mod_c = model_c()
+    success = LIB.mod_init(ctypes.byref(mod_c), 
+                           mod.N, mod.M, mod.maxtime, mod.record_itv, mod.sim_time, mod.boundary,
+                           I, X, P, mod.print_pct, mod.seed)
+    if not success:
+        raise RuntimeError('mod_init failed')
+    
+    LIB.run(ctypes.byref(mod_c), msg_buffer, msg_len)
+
+    mod.set_data(False, mod.max_record, 1, mod_c.get_array('U1d').reshape(mod.N, mod.M, mod.max_record), 
+                 mod_c.get_array('V1d').reshape(mod.N, mod.M, mod.max_record), 
+                 mod_c.get_array('Upi_1d').reshape(mod.N, mod.M, mod.max_record), 
+                 mod_c.get_array('Vpi_1d').reshape(mod.N, mod.M, mod.max_record))
+
+    LIB.mod_free_py(ctypes.byref(mod_c))
+    del mod_c
+
+
+
+def demo_model():
+    '''
+    Returns a demo model.model object
+    '''
+
+    N = 10                  # Number of rows
+    M = 10                  # Number of cols
+    maxtime = 30           # how long you want the model to run
+    record_itv = 0.1        # how often to record data.
+    sim_time = 1            # repeat model to reduce randomness
+    boundary = True         # boundary condition.
+
+    # initial population for the N x M patches. 
+    I = [[[44, 22] for _ in range(M)] for _ in range(N)]
+    
+    # flattened payoff matrices, total resource is 0.4, cost of fighting is 0.1
+    X = [[[-1, 4, 0, 2] for _ in range(M)] for _ in range(N)]
+    
+    # patch variables
+    P = [[[0.5, 0.5, 1, 1, 0.001, 0.001] for _ in range(M)] for _ in range(N)]
+
+    print_pct = 25           # print progress
+    seed = 36               # seed for random number generation
+
+    # create a model object
+    mod = model(N, M, maxtime, record_itv, sim_time, boundary, I, X, P, 
+                            print_pct = print_pct, seed = seed)
+    
+    return mod
+
+
+
+def UV_expected_val(mod):
+    '''
+    Calculate expected U & V population and payoff based on matrices, assume no migration and any stochastic process.
+    To differentiate from UV_expected in figures.py: this one return arrays (values).
+    '''
+    
+    U_expected = np.zeros((mod.N, mod.M))  # expected U population
+    V_expected = np.zeros((mod.N, mod.M))  # expected V population
+    pi_expected = np.zeros((mod.N, mod.M)) # expected payoff, which are equal for U and V
+    
+    for i in range(mod.N):
+        for j in range(mod.M):
+            # say matrix = [a, b, c, d]
+            # U_proportion = (d - b) / (a - b - c + d)
+            U_prop = (mod.X[i][j][3] - mod.X[i][j][1]) / (mod.X[i][j][0] - mod.X[i][j][1] - mod.X[i][j][2] + mod.X[i][j][3])
+            # equilibrium payoff, U_payoff = V_payoff
+            eq_payoff = U_prop * mod.X[i][j][0] + (1 - U_prop) * mod.X[i][j][1]
+            
+            # payoff / kappa * proportion
+            U_expected[i][j] = eq_payoff / mod.P[i][j][4] * U_prop
+            V_expected[i][j] = eq_payoff / mod.P[i][j][5] * (1 - U_prop)
+            pi_expected[i][j] = eq_payoff
+                
+    return U_expected, V_expected, pi_expected
+
+
+
+def check_overflow_func(mod):
+    _, _, pi_expected = UV_expected_val(mod)
+    for i in range(mod.N):
+        for j in range(mod.M):
+            w1_pi = pi_expected[i][j] * mod.P[i][j][2]  # w1 * U_pi
+            w2_pi = pi_expected[i][j] * mod.P[i][j][3]  # w2 * V_pi
+            if ((w1_pi > EXP_OVERFLOW_BOUND) or (w2_pi > EXP_OVERFLOW_BOUND)):
+                print("Warning: might cause overflow. \n\t w1, w2, or payoff matrix values too large")
+                return
+            if ((w1_pi > EXP_TOO_LARGE_BOUND) or (w2_pi > EXP_TOO_LARGE_BOUND)):
+                print("Warning: might encounter large values > 3e38 in simulation. \n\t w1, w2, or payoff matrix values too large")
+                return
+