pennylane-lightning-tensor 0.42.0__cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

pennylane_lightning/lightning_tensor/__init__.py

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+# Copyright 2018-2024 Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc.
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""PennyLane lightning_tensor package."""
+
+from pennylane_lightning.core import __version__
+
+from .lightning_tensor import LightningTensor

pennylane_lightning/lightning_tensor/_measurements.py

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+# Copyright 2024 Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc.
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""
+Class implementation for tensornet measurements.
+"""
+
+# pylint: disable=import-error, no-name-in-module, ungrouped-imports
+try:
+    from pennylane_lightning.lightning_tensor_ops import (
+        exactMeasurementsC64,
+        exactMeasurementsC128,
+        mpsMeasurementsC64,
+        mpsMeasurementsC128,
+    )
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+from functools import reduce
+from typing import Callable, List, Union
+
+import numpy as np
+import pennylane as qml
+from pennylane.devices.qubit.sampling import _group_measurements
+from pennylane.measurements import (
+    ClassicalShadowMP,
+    CountsMP,
+    ExpectationMP,
+    MeasurementProcess,
+    ProbabilityMP,
+    SampleMeasurement,
+    ShadowExpvalMP,
+    Shots,
+    StateMeasurement,
+    VarianceMP,
+)
+from pennylane.operation import Operator
+from pennylane.ops import SparseHamiltonian, Sum
+from pennylane.tape import QuantumScript
+from pennylane.typing import Result, TensorLike
+from pennylane.wires import Wires
+
+from pennylane_lightning.lightning_base._serialize import QuantumScriptSerializer
+
+
+class LightningTensorMeasurements:
+    """Lightning Tensor Measurements class
+
+    Measures the tensor network provided by the LightningTensorNet class.
+
+    Args:
+        tensor_network(LightningTensorNet): Lightning tensornet class containing the tensor network to be measured.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        tensor_network,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._tensornet = tensor_network
+        self._dtype = tensor_network.dtype
+        self._method = tensor_network._method
+        self._measurement_lightning = self._measurement_dtype()(tensor_network.tensornet)
+
+    @property
+    def dtype(self):
+        """Returns the simulation data type."""
+        return self._dtype
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _observable_is_sparse(obs: Operator) -> bool:
+        """States if the required observable is sparse.
+
+        Args:
+            obs(Operator): PennyLane observable to check sparsity.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if the measurement process only uses the sparse data representation.
+        """
+
+        return isinstance(obs, qml.SparseHamiltonian)
+
+    def _measurement_dtype(self):
+        """Binding to Lightning Measurements C++ class.
+
+        Returns: the Measurements class
+        """
+        if self._method == "tn":  # Using "tn" method
+            return exactMeasurementsC64 if self.dtype == np.complex64 else exactMeasurementsC128
+        # Using "mps" method
+        return mpsMeasurementsC64 if self.dtype == np.complex64 else mpsMeasurementsC128
+
+    def state_diagonalizing_gates(self, measurementprocess: StateMeasurement) -> TensorLike:
+        """Apply a measurement to state when the measurement process has an observable with diagonalizing gates.
+            This method bypasses default.qubit's implementation of the measurement process.
+
+        Args:
+            measurementprocess (StateMeasurement): measurement to apply to the state
+
+        Returns:
+            TensorLike: the result of the measurement
+        """
+        diagonalizing_gates = measurementprocess.diagonalizing_gates()
+        self._tensornet.apply_operations(diagonalizing_gates)
+        self._tensornet.appendFinalState()
+        state_array = self._tensornet.state
+        wires = Wires(range(self._tensornet.num_wires))
+        result = measurementprocess.process_state(state_array, wires)
+        self._tensornet.apply_operations([qml.adjoint(g) for g in reversed(diagonalizing_gates)])
+        self._tensornet.appendFinalState()
+        return result
+
+    # pylint: disable=protected-access
+    def expval(self, measurementprocess: MeasurementProcess):
+        """Expectation value of the supplied observable contained in the MeasurementProcess.
+
+        Args:
+            measurementprocess (StateMeasurement): measurement to apply to the tensor network
+
+        Returns:
+            Expectation value of the observable
+        """
+        if self._observable_is_sparse(measurementprocess.obs):
+            raise NotImplementedError("Sparse Observables are not supported.")
+
+        if isinstance(measurementprocess.obs, qml.Hermitian):
+            if len(measurementprocess.obs.wires) > 1:
+                raise ValueError("The number of Hermitian observables target wires should be 1.")
+
+        ob_serialized = QuantumScriptSerializer(
+            self._tensornet.device_name, self.dtype == np.complex64, tensor_backend=self._method
+        )._ob(measurementprocess.obs)
+        return self._measurement_lightning.expval(ob_serialized)
+
+    def probs(self, measurementprocess: MeasurementProcess):
+        """Probabilities of the supplied observable or wires contained in the MeasurementProcess.
+
+        Args:
+            measurementprocess (StateMeasurement): measurement to apply to the state
+
+        Returns:
+            Probabilities of the supplied observable or wires
+        """
+        diagonalizing_gates = measurementprocess.diagonalizing_gates()
+
+        if diagonalizing_gates:
+            self._tensornet.apply_operations(diagonalizing_gates)
+            self._tensornet.appendFinalState()
+
+        measurewires = (
+            self._tensornet._wires
+            if measurementprocess.wires == Wires([])
+            else measurementprocess.wires.tolist()
+        )
+
+        results = self._measurement_lightning.probs(measurewires)
+        if diagonalizing_gates:
+            self._tensornet.apply_operations(
+                [qml.adjoint(g, lazy=False) for g in reversed(diagonalizing_gates)]
+            )
+            self._tensornet.appendFinalState()
+        return results
+
+    def var(self, measurementprocess: MeasurementProcess):
+        """Variance of the supplied observable contained in the MeasurementProcess. Note that the variance is
+        calculated as <obs**2> - <obs>**2. The current implementation only supports single-wire observables.
+        Observables with more than 1 wire, projector and sparse-hamiltonian are not supported.
+
+        Args:
+            measurementprocess (StateMeasurement): measurement to apply to the state
+
+        Returns:
+            Variance of the observable
+        """
+        if self._observable_is_sparse(measurementprocess.obs):
+            raise NotImplementedError("The var measurement does not support sparse observables.")
+
+        if isinstance(measurementprocess.obs, qml.Hermitian):
+            if len(measurementprocess.obs.wires) > 1:
+                raise ValueError("The number of Hermitian observables target wires should be 1.")
+
+        ob_serialized = QuantumScriptSerializer(
+            self._tensornet.device_name, self.dtype == np.complex64, tensor_backend=self._method
+        )._ob(measurementprocess.obs)
+        return self._measurement_lightning.var(ob_serialized)
+
+    def get_measurement_function(
+        self, measurementprocess: MeasurementProcess
+    ) -> Callable[[MeasurementProcess, TensorLike], TensorLike]:
+        """Get the appropriate method for performing a measurement.
+
+        Args:
+            measurementprocess (MeasurementProcess): measurement process to apply to the graph
+
+        Returns:
+            Callable: function that returns the measurement result
+        """
+        if isinstance(measurementprocess, StateMeasurement):
+            if isinstance(measurementprocess, ExpectationMP):
+                if isinstance(measurementprocess.obs, qml.Identity):
+                    return self.state_diagonalizing_gates
+                return self.expval
+
+            if isinstance(measurementprocess, VarianceMP):
+                if isinstance(measurementprocess.obs, qml.Identity):
+                    return self.state_diagonalizing_gates
+                return self.var
+
+            if isinstance(measurementprocess, ProbabilityMP):
+                return self.probs
+
+            if measurementprocess.obs is None or measurementprocess.obs.has_diagonalizing_gates:
+                return self.state_diagonalizing_gates
+
+        raise NotImplementedError("Unsupported measurement type.")
+
+    def measurement(self, measurementprocess: MeasurementProcess) -> TensorLike:
+        """Apply a measurement process to a tensor network.
+
+        Args:
+            measurementprocess (MeasurementProcess): measurement process to apply to the graph
+
+        Returns:
+            TensorLike: the result of the measurement
+        """
+        return self.get_measurement_function(measurementprocess)(measurementprocess)
+
+    def measure_tensor_network(self, circuit: QuantumScript) -> Result:
+        """
+        Perform the measurements required by the circuit on the provided tensor network.
+
+        This is an internal function that will be called by the successor to ``lightning.tensor``.
+
+        Args:
+            circuit (QuantumScript): The single circuit to simulate
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[TensorLike]: The measurement results
+        """
+
+        if circuit.shots:
+            # finite-shot case
+            results = self.measure_with_samples(
+                circuit.measurements,
+                shots=circuit.shots,
+            )
+
+            if len(circuit.measurements) == 1:
+                if circuit.shots.has_partitioned_shots:
+                    return tuple(res[0] for res in results)
+
+                return results[0]
+
+            return results
+        # analytic case
+        if len(circuit.measurements) == 1:
+            return self.measurement(circuit.measurements[0])
+
+        return tuple(self.measurement(mp) for mp in circuit.measurements)
+
+    # pylint:disable = too-many-arguments
+    def measure_with_samples(
+        self,
+        measurements: List[Union[SampleMeasurement, ClassicalShadowMP, ShadowExpvalMP]],
+        shots: Shots,
+    ) -> List[TensorLike]:
+        """
+        Returns the samples of the measurement process performed on the given state.
+        This function assumes that the user-defined wire labels in the measurement process
+        have already been mapped to integer wires used in the device.
+
+        Args:
+            measurements (List[Union[SampleMeasurement, ClassicalShadowMP, ShadowExpvalMP]]):
+                The sample measurements to perform
+            shots (Shots): The number of samples to take
+
+        Returns:
+            List[TensorLike[Any]]: Sample measurement results
+        """
+        mps = measurements
+
+        for measurement in mps:
+            if measurement.wires == Wires([]):
+                # This is required for the case where no wires is specific for the tensornet
+                # (i.e. dynamically determined from circuit), and no wires (and no observable)
+                # is provided for the measurement (e.g. qml.probs() or qml.counts() or
+                # qml.samples()). In the case where number of wires is provided for the statevector,
+                # the same operation is performed in validate_device_wires during preprocess.
+
+                # pylint:disable=protected-access
+                measurement._wires = Wires(range(self._tensornet.num_wires))
+
+        groups, indices = _group_measurements(mps)
+
+        all_res = []
+        for group in groups:
+            if isinstance(group[0], (ExpectationMP, VarianceMP)) and isinstance(
+                group[0].obs, SparseHamiltonian
+            ):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "ExpectationMP/VarianceMP(SparseHamiltonian) cannot be computed with samples."
+                )
+            if isinstance(group[0], VarianceMP) and isinstance(group[0].obs, Sum):
+                raise TypeError("VarianceMP(Sum) cannot be computed with samples.")
+            if isinstance(group[0], (ClassicalShadowMP, ShadowExpvalMP)):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "ExpectationMP(ClassicalShadowMP, ShadowExpvalMP) cannot be computed with samples."
+                )
+            if isinstance(group[0], ExpectationMP) and isinstance(group[0].obs, Sum):
+                all_res.extend(self._measure_sum_with_samples(group, shots))
+            else:
+                all_res.extend(self._measure_with_samples_diagonalizing_gates(group, shots))
+
+        # reorder results
+        flat_indices = []
+        for row in indices:
+            flat_indices += row
+        sorted_res = tuple(
+            res for _, res in sorted(list(enumerate(all_res)), key=lambda r: flat_indices[r[0]])
+        )
+
+        # put the shot vector axis before the measurement axis
+        if shots.has_partitioned_shots:
+            sorted_res = tuple(zip(*sorted_res))
+
+        return sorted_res
+
+    def _apply_diagonalizing_gates(self, mps: List[SampleMeasurement], adjoint: bool = False):
+        if len(mps) == 1:
+            diagonalizing_gates = mps[0].diagonalizing_gates()
+        elif all(mp.obs for mp in mps):
+            diagonalizing_gates = qml.pauli.diagonalize_qwc_pauli_words([mp.obs for mp in mps])[0]
+        else:
+            diagonalizing_gates = []
+
+        if adjoint:
+            diagonalizing_gates = [
+                qml.adjoint(g, lazy=False) for g in reversed(diagonalizing_gates)
+            ]
+
+        self._tensornet.apply_operations(diagonalizing_gates)
+        self._tensornet.appendFinalState()
+
+    def _measure_with_samples_diagonalizing_gates(
+        self,
+        mps: List[SampleMeasurement],
+        shots: Shots,
+    ) -> TensorLike:
+        """
+        Returns the samples of the measurement process performed on the given state,
+        by rotating the state into the measurement basis using the diagonalizing gates
+        given by the measurement process.
+
+        Args:
+            mps (~.measurements.SampleMeasurement): The sample measurements to perform
+            shots (~.measurements.Shots): The number of samples to take
+
+        Returns:
+            TensorLike[Any]: Sample measurement results
+        """
+        # apply diagonalizing gates
+        self._apply_diagonalizing_gates(mps)
+
+        wires = reduce(sum, (mp.wires for mp in mps))
+
+        def _process_single_shot(samples):
+            processed = []
+            for mp in mps:
+                res = mp.process_samples(samples, wires)
+                if not isinstance(mp, CountsMP):
+                    res = qml.math.squeeze(res)
+
+                processed.append(res)
+
+            return tuple(processed)
+
+        try:
+            samples = self._measurement_lightning.generate_samples(
+                list(wires), shots.total_shots
+            ).astype(int, copy=False)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            if str(e) != "probabilities contain NaN":
+                raise e
+            samples = qml.math.full((shots.total_shots, len(wires)), 0)
+
+        self._apply_diagonalizing_gates(mps, adjoint=True)
+
+        # if there is a shot vector, use the shots.bins generator to
+        # split samples w.r.t. the shots
+        processed_samples = []
+        for lower, upper in shots.bins():
+            result = _process_single_shot(samples[..., lower:upper, :])
+            processed_samples.append(result)
+
+        return (
+            tuple(zip(*processed_samples)) if shots.has_partitioned_shots else processed_samples[0]
+        )
+
+    def _measure_sum_with_samples(
+        self,
+        mp: List[SampleMeasurement],
+        shots: Shots,
+    ):
+        # the list contains only one element based on how we group measurements
+        mp = mp[0]
+
+        # if the measurement process involves a Sum, measure each
+        # of the terms separately and sum
+        def _sum_for_single_shot(s):
+            results = self.measure_with_samples(
+                [ExpectationMP(t) for t in mp.obs],
+                s,
+            )
+            return sum(results)
+
+        unsqueezed_results = tuple(_sum_for_single_shot(type(shots)(s)) for s in shots)
+        return [unsqueezed_results] if shots.has_partitioned_shots else [unsqueezed_results[0]]