passagemath-singular 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-macosx_13_0_x86_64.whl

sage/matrix/matrix_mpolynomial_dense.pyx

@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-singular
+"""
+Dense matrices over multivariate polynomials over fields
+
+This implementation inherits from Matrix_generic_dense, i.e. it is not
+optimized for speed only some methods were added.
+
+AUTHOR:
+
+* Martin Albrecht <malb@informatik.uni-bremen.de>
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2013 Martin Albrecht <malb@informatik.uni-bremen.de>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+#  the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+from sage.categories.fields import Fields
+from sage.matrix.matrix_generic_dense cimport Matrix_generic_dense
+from sage.matrix.matrix2 cimport Matrix
+
+from sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial_libsingular cimport MPolynomialRing_libsingular
+from sage.rings.polynomial.polynomial_singular_interface import can_convert_to_singular
+
+from sage.libs.singular.function import singular_function
+
+
+cdef class Matrix_mpolynomial_dense(Matrix_generic_dense):
+    """
+    Dense matrix over a multivariate polynomial ring over a field.
+    """
+    def echelon_form(self, algorithm='row_reduction', **kwds):
+        """
+        Return an echelon form of ``self`` using chosen algorithm.
+
+        By default only a usual row reduction with no divisions or column swaps
+        is returned.
+
+        If Gauss-Bareiss algorithm is chosen, column swaps are recorded and can
+        be retrieved via :meth:`swapped_columns`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``algorithm`` -- string, which algorithm to use (default:
+          'row_reduction'). Valid options are:
+
+            - ``'row_reduction'`` (default) -- reduce as far as
+              possible, only divide by constant entries
+
+            - ``'frac'`` -- reduced echelon form over fraction field
+
+            - ``'bareiss'`` -- fraction free Gauss-Bareiss algorithm
+              with column swaps
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        The row echelon form of A depending on the chosen algorithm,
+        as an immutable matrix.  Note that ``self`` is *not* changed
+        by this command. Use ``A.echelonize()`` to change `A` in
+        place.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(GF(127), 2)
+            sage: A = matrix(P, 2, 2, [1, x, 1, y])
+            sage: A
+            [1 x]
+            [1 y]
+            sage: A.echelon_form()
+            [     1      x]
+            [     0 -x + y]
+
+
+        The reduced row echelon form over the fraction field is as follows::
+
+            sage: A.echelon_form('frac') # over fraction field
+            [1 0]
+            [0 1]
+
+        Alternatively, the Gauss-Bareiss algorithm may be chosen::
+
+            sage: E = A.echelon_form('bareiss'); E
+            [    1     y]
+            [    0 x - y]
+
+        After the application of the Gauss-Bareiss algorithm the swapped columns
+        may inspected::
+
+            sage: E.swapped_columns(), E.pivots()
+            ((0, 1), (0, 1))
+            sage: A.swapped_columns(), A.pivots()
+            (None, (0, 1))
+
+        Another approach is to row reduce as far as possible::
+
+            sage: A.echelon_form('row_reduction')
+            [     1      x]
+            [     0 -x + y]
+        """
+        x = self.fetch('echelon_form_'+algorithm)
+        if x is not None: return x
+
+        if algorithm == "frac":
+            E = self.matrix_over_field()
+            E.echelonize(**kwds)
+        else:
+            E = self.__copy__()
+            E.echelonize(algorithm=algorithm, **kwds)
+
+        E.set_immutable()  # so we can cache the echelon form.
+        self.cache('echelon_form_'+algorithm, E)
+
+        if algorithm == "frac":
+            self.cache('pivots', E.pivots())
+        elif algorithm == "bareiss":
+            l = E.swapped_columns()
+            self.cache('pivots', tuple(sorted(l)))
+        elif algorithm == "row_reduction":
+            pass
+
+        return E
+
+    def pivots(self):
+        """
+        Return the pivot column positions of this matrix as a list of integers.
+
+        This returns a list, of the position of the first nonzero entry in each
+        row of the echelon form.
+
+        OUTPUT: list of Python ints
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: matrix([PolynomialRing(GF(2), 2, 'x').gen()]).pivots()
+            (0,)
+            sage: K = QQ['x,y']
+            sage: x, y = K.gens()
+            sage: m = matrix(K, [(-x, 1, y, x - y), (-x*y, y, y^2 - 1, x*y - y^2 + x), (-x*y + x, y - 1, y^2 - y - 2, x*y - y^2 + x + y)])
+            sage: m.pivots()
+            (0, 2)
+            sage: m.rank()
+            2
+        """
+        x = self.fetch('pivots')
+        if x is not None:
+            return x
+
+        self.echelon_form('frac')
+        x = self.fetch('pivots')
+
+        if x is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("BUG: matrix pivots should have been set but weren't, matrix parent = '%s'" % self.parent())
+        return x
+
+    def echelonize(self, algorithm='row_reduction', **kwds):
+        """
+        Transform ``self`` into a matrix in echelon form over the same base ring as
+        ``self``.
+
+        If Gauss-Bareiss algorithm is chosen, column swaps are recorded and can
+        be retrieved via :meth:`swapped_columns`.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``algorithm`` -- string, which algorithm to use. Valid options are:
+
+            - ``'row_reduction'`` -- reduce as far as possible, only
+              divide by constant entries
+
+            - ``'bareiss'`` -- fraction free Gauss-Bareiss algorithm
+              with column swaps
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: P.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(QQ, 2)
+            sage: A = matrix(P, 2, 2, [1/2, x, 1, 3/4*y+1])
+            sage: A
+            [      1/2         x]
+            [        1 3/4*y + 1]
+
+            sage: B = copy(A)
+            sage: B.echelonize('bareiss'); B
+            [              1       3/4*y + 1]
+            [              0 x - 3/8*y - 1/2]
+
+            sage: B = copy(A)
+            sage: B.echelonize('row_reduction'); B
+            [               1              2*x]
+            [               0 -2*x + 3/4*y + 1]
+
+            sage: P.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(QQ, 2)
+            sage: A = matrix(P,2,3,[2,x,0,3,y,1]); A
+            [2 x 0]
+            [3 y 1]
+
+            sage: E = A.echelon_form('bareiss'); E
+            [1 3 y]
+            [0 2 x]
+            sage: E.swapped_columns()
+            (2, 0, 1)
+            sage: A.pivots()
+            (0, 1, 2)
+        """
+        self.check_mutability()
+
+        if self._nrows == 0 or self._ncols == 0:
+            self.cache('in_echelon_form_'+algorithm, True)
+            self.cache('rank', 0)
+            self.cache('pivots', tuple())
+            return
+
+        x = self.fetch('in_echelon_form_'+algorithm)
+        if x is not None:
+            return  # already known to be in echelon form
+
+        if algorithm == 'bareiss':
+            self._echelonize_gauss_bareiss()
+        elif algorithm == 'row_reduction':
+            self._echelonize_row_reduction()
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Unknown algorithm '%s'" % algorithm)
+
+    def _echelonize_gauss_bareiss(self):
+        """
+        Transform this matrix into a matrix in upper triangular form over the
+        same base ring as ``self`` using the fraction free Gauss-Bareiss
+        algorithm with column swaps.
+
+        The performed column swaps can be accessed via
+        :meth:`swapped_columns`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: R.<x,y> = QQ[]
+            sage: C = matrix(R, [[-6/5*x*y - y^2, -6*y^2 - 1/4*y],
+            ....:                [  -1/3*x*y - 3, x*y - x]])
+            sage: E = C.echelon_form('bareiss')     # indirect doctest
+            sage: E
+            [ -1/3*x*y - 3                                                          x*y - x]
+            [            0 6/5*x^2*y^2 + 3*x*y^3 - 6/5*x^2*y - 11/12*x*y^2 + 18*y^2 + 3/4*y]
+            sage: E.swapped_columns()
+            (0, 1)
+
+        ALGORITHM:
+
+        Uses libSINGULAR or SINGULAR
+        """
+        cdef R = self.base_ring()
+
+        x = self.fetch('in_echelon_form_bareiss')
+        if x is not None:
+            return  # already known to be in echelon form
+
+        if isinstance(self.base_ring(), MPolynomialRing_libsingular):
+
+            self.check_mutability()
+            self.clear_cache()
+
+            singular_bareiss = singular_function("bareiss")
+            E, l = singular_bareiss(self.T)
+
+            m = len(E)
+            n = len(E[0])
+
+            for r in range(m):
+                for c in range(n):
+                    self.set_unsafe(r, c, E[r][c])
+                for c in range(n, self.ncols()):
+                    self.set_unsafe(r, c, R._zero_element)
+            for r in range(m, self.nrows()):
+                for c in range(self.ncols()):
+                    self.set_unsafe(r, c, R._zero_element)
+
+            from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+            l = [ZZ(e-1) for e in l]
+
+            self.cache('in_echelon_form_bareiss',True)
+            self.cache('rank', len(E))
+            self.cache('pivots', tuple(range(len(E))))
+            self.cache('swapped_columns', tuple(l))
+
+        elif can_convert_to_singular(self.base_ring()):
+
+            self.check_mutability()
+            self.clear_cache()
+
+            E,l = self.T._singular_().bareiss()._sage_(self.base_ring())
+
+            # clear matrix
+            for r from 0 <= r < self._nrows:
+                for c from 0 <= c < self._ncols:
+                    self.set_unsafe(r,c,R._zero_element)
+
+            for r from 0 <= r < E.nrows():
+                for c from 0 <= c < E.ncols():
+                    self.set_unsafe(c,r, E[r,c])
+
+            self.cache('in_echelon_form_bareiss',True)
+            self.cache('rank', E.nrows())
+            self.cache('pivots', tuple(range(E.nrows())))
+            self.cache('swapped_columns', l)
+
+        else:
+
+            raise NotImplementedError("cannot apply Gauss-Bareiss algorithm over this base ring")
+
+    def _echelonize_row_reduction(self):
+        """
+        Transform this matrix to a matrix in row reduced form as far as this is
+        possible, i.e., only perform division by constant elements.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        If all entries are constant, then this method performs the same
+        operations as ``echelon_form('default')`` ::
+
+            sage: P.<x0,x1,y0,y1> = PolynomialRing(GF(127), 4)
+            sage: A = Matrix(P, 4, 4, [-14,0,45,-55,-61,-16,0,0,0,0,25,-62,-22,0,52,0]); A
+            [-14   0  45 -55]
+            [-61 -16   0   0]
+            [  0   0  25 -62]
+            [-22   0  52   0]
+            sage: E1 = A.echelon_form()
+            sage: E2 = A.echelon_form('row_reduction')  # indirect doctest
+            sage: E1 == E2
+            True
+
+        If no entries are constant, nothing happens::
+
+            sage: P.<x0,x1,y0,y1> = PolynomialRing(GF(2), 4)
+            sage: A = Matrix(P, 2, 2, [x0, y0, x0, y0]); A
+            [x0 y0]
+            [x0 y0]
+
+            sage: B = copy(A)
+            sage: A.echelonize('row_reduction') # modifies self
+            sage: B == A
+            True
+
+        A more interesting example::
+
+            sage: P.<x0,x1,y0,y1> = PolynomialRing(GF(2), 4)
+            sage: l = [1, 1, 1, 1,     1,
+            ....:      0, 1, 0, 1,    x0,
+            ....:      0, 0, 1, 1,    x1,
+            ....:      1, 1, 0, 0,    y0,
+            ....:      0, 1, 0, 1,    y1,
+            ....:      0, 1, 0, 0, x0*y0,
+            ....:      0, 1, 0, 1, x0*y1,
+            ....:      0, 0, 0, 0, x1*y0,
+            ....:      0, 0, 0, 1, x1*y1]
+            sage: A = Matrix(P, 9, 5, l)
+            sage: B = A.__copy__()
+            sage: B.echelonize('row_reduction'); B
+            [                 1                  0                  0                  0     x0*y0 + x1 + 1]
+            [                 0                  1                  0                  0              x0*y0]
+            [                 0                  0                  1                  0    x0*y0 + x0 + x1]
+            [                 0                  0                  0                  1         x0*y0 + x0]
+            [                 0                  0                  0                  0            x0 + y1]
+            [                 0                  0                  0                  0        x1 + y0 + 1]
+            [                 0                  0                  0                  0         x0*y1 + x0]
+            [                 0                  0                  0                  0              x1*y0]
+            [                 0                  0                  0                  0 x0*y0 + x1*y1 + x0]
+
+        This is the same result as SINGULAR's ``rowred`` command which
+        returns::
+
+            sage: E = A._singular_().rowred()._sage_(P)
+            sage: E == B
+            True
+
+        ALGORITHM:
+
+        Gaussian elimination with division limited to constant
+        entries. Based on SINGULAR's rowred command.
+        """
+        from sage.matrix.constructor import matrix
+
+        cdef Py_ssize_t c, r, i, j, rc, start_row, nr, nc
+
+        x = self.fetch('in_echelon_form_row_reduction')
+        if x is not None:
+            return  # already known to be in echelon form
+
+        nr,nc = self.nrows(),self.ncols()
+        F = self.base_ring().base_ring()
+        cdef Matrix d = matrix(F, nr, nc)
+        start_row = 0
+
+        for r from 0 <= r < nr:
+            for c from 0 <= c < nc:
+                p = self.get_unsafe(r, c)
+                if p.is_constant():
+                    d.set_unsafe(r, c, p.constant_coefficient())
+
+        for c from 0 <= c < nc:
+            r = -1
+            for rc from start_row <= rc < nr:
+                if d.get_unsafe(rc, c):
+                    r = rc
+                    break
+            if r!=-1:
+                a_inverse = ~self.get_unsafe(r, c)
+                self.rescale_row_c(r, a_inverse, c)
+                self.swap_rows_c(r, start_row)
+
+                for i from 0 <= i < nr:
+                    if i != start_row:
+                        minus_b = -self.get_unsafe(i, c)
+                        self.add_multiple_of_row(i, start_row, minus_b, 0)
+
+                start_row +=1
+
+                d = d._parent(0)
+                for i from start_row <= i < nr:
+                    for j from c+1 <= j < nc:
+                        if self.get_unsafe(i, j).is_constant():
+                            d.set_unsafe(i, j, self.get_unsafe(i, j).constant_coefficient())
+
+        self.cache('in_echelon_form_row_reduction', True)
+
+    def swapped_columns(self):
+        """
+        Return which columns were swapped during the Gauss-Bareiss reduction.
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        Return a tuple representing the column swaps during the last application
+        of the Gauss-Bareiss algorithm (see :meth:`echelon_form` for details).
+
+        The tuple as length equal to the rank of ``self`` and the value at the
+        `i`-th position indicates the source column which was put as the `i`-th
+        column.
+
+        If no Gauss-Bareiss reduction was performed yet, None is
+        returned.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: R.<x,y> = QQ[]
+            sage: C = random_matrix(R, 2, 2, terms=2)
+            sage: while C.rank() != 2:
+            ....:     C = random_matrix(R, 2, 2, terms=2)
+            sage: C.swapped_columns()
+            sage: E = C.echelon_form('bareiss')
+            sage: sorted(E.swapped_columns())
+            [0, 1]
+        """
+        return self.fetch('swapped_columns')
+
+    def _fitting_ideal(self, i):
+        r"""
+        Return the `i`-th Fitting ideal of the matrix. This is the ideal generated
+        by the `n - i` minors, where `n` is the number of columns.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``i`` -- integer
+
+        OUTPUT: an ideal on the base ring
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[]
+            sage: M = matrix(R, [[2*x-z, 0, y-z^2, 0], [0, z - y, z - x, 0],[z - y, x^2 - y, 0, z]])
+            sage: M
+            [ 2*x - z        0 -z^2 + y        0]
+            [       0   -y + z   -x + z        0]
+            [  -y + z  x^2 - y        0        z]
+            sage: M.fitting_ideal(0)
+            Ideal (0) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field
+            sage: M.fitting_ideal(1)
+            Ideal (2*x^4 - 3*x^3*z + x^2*z^2 + y^2*z^2 - 2*y*z^3 + z^4 - 2*x^2*y - y^3 + 3*x*y*z + 2*y^2*z - 2*y*z^2, y*z^3 - z^4 - y^2*z + y*z^2, -2*x*y*z + 2*x*z^2 + y*z^2 - z^3, -2*x^2*z + 3*x*z^2 - z^3) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field
+            sage: M.fitting_ideal(2)
+            Ideal (-x^3 + x^2*z + x*y - y*z, -y^2 + 2*y*z - z^2, -x^2*z^2 + x^2*y + y*z^2 - y^2, 2*x^3 - x^2*z - 2*x*y + y*z, -x*y + x*z + y*z - z^2, -y*z^2 + z^3 + y^2 - y*z, -2*x*y + 2*x*z + y*z - z^2, y*z^2 - z^3 - y^2 + y*z, 2*x^2 - 3*x*z + z^2, 2*x*z - z^2, -z^3 + y*z, -y*z + z^2, -x*z + z^2) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field
+            sage: M.fitting_ideal(3)
+            Ideal (2*x - z, -z^2 + y, -y + z, -x + z, -y + z, x^2 - y, z) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field
+            sage: M.fitting_ideal(4)
+            Ideal (1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field
+            sage: [R.ideal(M.minors(i)) == M._fitting_ideal(4 - i) for i in range(5)]
+            [True, True, True, True, True]
+        """
+        minor = singular_function("minor")
+        R = self.base_ring()
+        for (nrow, row) in enumerate(self.rows()):
+            if not row:
+                N = self.delete_rows([nrow])
+                return N._fitting_ideal(i)
+            for (ncoef, coef) in enumerate(row):
+                if all(coef.divides(f) for f in row):
+                    N = self.__copy__()
+                    for j in range(self.ncols()):
+                        if j != ncoef:
+                            N.add_multiple_of_column(j, ncoef, -R(self[nrow,j] / coef))
+                    return N.fitting_ideal(i)
+        for (ncolumn, column) in enumerate(self.columns()):
+            if not column:
+                N = self.delete_columns([ncolumn])
+                return N._fitting_ideal(i-1)
+            for (ncoef, coef) in enumerate(column):
+                if all(coef.divides(f) for f in column):
+                    N = self.__copy__()
+                    for j in range(self.nrows()):
+                        if j != ncoef:
+                            N.add_multiple_of_row(j, ncoef, -R(self[j, ncolumn] / coef))
+                    return N.fitting_ideal(i)
+        rank = self.ncols() - i
+        return R.ideal(minor(self, rank))
+
+    def determinant(self, algorithm=None):
+        """
+        Return the determinant of this matrix.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``algorithm`` -- ignored
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        We compute the determinant of the arbitrary `3x3` matrix::
+
+            sage: R = PolynomialRing(QQ, 9, 'x')
+            sage: A = matrix(R, 3, R.gens())
+            sage: A
+            [x0 x1 x2]
+            [x3 x4 x5]
+            [x6 x7 x8]
+            sage: A.determinant()
+            -x2*x4*x6 + x1*x5*x6 + x2*x3*x7 - x0*x5*x7 - x1*x3*x8 + x0*x4*x8
+
+        We check if two implementations agree on the result::
+
+            sage: R.<x,y> = QQ[]
+            sage: C = matrix(R, [[-6/5*x*y - y^2, -6*y^2 - 1/4*y],
+            ....:                [  -1/3*x*y - 3, x*y - x]])
+            sage: C.determinant()
+            -6/5*x^2*y^2 - 3*x*y^3 + 6/5*x^2*y + 11/12*x*y^2 - 18*y^2 - 3/4*y
+
+            sage: C.change_ring(R.change_ring(QQbar)).det()
+            (-6/5)*x^2*y^2 + (-3)*x*y^3 + 6/5*x^2*y + 11/12*x*y^2 + (-18)*y^2 + (-3/4)*y
+
+        Finally, we check whether the Singular interface is working::
+
+            sage: R.<x,y> = RR[]
+            sage: C = matrix(R, [[0.368965517352886*y^2 + 0.425700773972636*x, -0.800362171389760*y^2 - 0.807635502485287],
+            ....:                [0.706173539423122*y^2 - 0.915986060298440, 0.897165181570476*y + 0.107903328188376]])
+            sage: C.determinant()
+            0.565194587390682*y^4 + 0.33102301536914...*y^3 + 0.381923912175852*x*y - 0.122977163520282*y^2 + 0.0459345303240150*x - 0.739782862078649
+
+        ALGORITHM: Calls Singular, libSingular or native implementation.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: R = PolynomialRing(QQ, 9, 'x')
+            sage: matrix(R, 0, 0).det()
+            1
+
+            sage: R.<h,y> = QQ[]
+            sage: m = matrix([[y,y,y,y]] * 4)  # larger than 3x3
+            sage: m.charpoly()   # put charpoly in the cache
+            x^4 - 4*y*x^3
+            sage: m.det()
+            0
+
+        Check :issue:`23535` is fixed::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(QQ)
+            sage: K.<a,b> = NumberField([x^2 - 2, x^2 - 5])
+            sage: R.<s,t> = K[]
+            sage: m = matrix(R, 4, [y^i for i in range(4) for y in [a,b,s,t]])
+            sage: m.det()
+            (a - b)*s^3*t^2 + (-a + b)*s^2*t^3 + 3*s^3*t + (-3)*s*t^3 + (-5*a + 2*b)*s^3 + (2*a - 5*b)*s^2*t +
+            (-2*a + 5*b)*s*t^2 + (5*a - 2*b)*t^3 + 3*b*a*s^2 + (-3*b*a)*t^2 + (10*a - 10*b)*s + (-10*a + 10*b)*t
+        """
+        if self._nrows != self._ncols:
+            raise ValueError("self must be a square matrix")
+
+        d = self.fetch('det')
+
+        if d is not None:
+            return d
+
+        if self._nrows == 0:
+            d = self._coerce_element(1)
+        elif self._nrows <= 3:
+            from sage.matrix.matrix2 import Matrix
+            d = Matrix.determinant(self)
+
+        elif self.fetch('charpoly') is not None:
+            # if charpoly known, then det is easy.
+            D = self.fetch('charpoly')
+            if D is not None:
+                c = D[0]
+                if self._nrows % 2:
+                    c = -c
+                d = self._coerce_element(c)
+        else:
+            R = self._base_ring
+
+            if isinstance(R, MPolynomialRing_libsingular) and R.base_ring() in Fields():
+                singular_det = singular_function("det")
+                d = singular_det(self)
+
+            elif can_convert_to_singular(self.base_ring()):
+                d = R(self._singular_().det())
+
+            else:
+                from sage.matrix.matrix2 import Matrix
+                d = Matrix.determinant(self)
+
+        self.cache('det', d)
+        return d

sage/rings/all__sagemath_singular.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-singular

sage/rings/function_field/all__sagemath_singular.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-singular