passagemath-pari 10.6.30__cp310-cp310-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl

sage/rings/function_field/valuation_ring.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-pari
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.rings.function_field
+r"""
+Valuation rings of function fields
+
+A valuation ring of a function field is associated with a place of the
+function field. The valuation ring consists of all elements of the function
+field that have nonnegative valuation at the place.
+
+EXAMPLES::
+
+    sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); _.<Y> = K[]
+    sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^2 + Y + x + 1/x)
+    sage: p = L.places_finite()[0]
+    sage: p
+    Place (x, x*y)
+    sage: R = p.valuation_ring()
+    sage: R
+    Valuation ring at Place (x, x*y)
+    sage: R.place() == p
+    True
+
+Thus any nonzero element or its inverse of the function field lies in the
+valuation ring, as shown in the following example::
+
+    sage: f = y/(1+y)
+    sage: f in R
+    True
+    sage: f not in R
+    False
+    sage: f.valuation(p)
+    0
+
+The residue field at the place is defined as the quotient ring of the valuation
+ring modulo its unique maximal ideal. The method :meth:`residue_field()` of the
+valuation ring returns an extension field of the constant base field, isomorphic
+to the residue field, along with lifting and evaluation homomorphisms::
+
+    sage: k,phi,psi = R.residue_field()
+    sage: k
+    Finite Field of size 2
+    sage: phi
+    Ring morphism:
+      From: Finite Field of size 2
+      To:   Valuation ring at Place (x, x*y)
+    sage: psi
+    Ring morphism:
+      From: Valuation ring at Place (x, x*y)
+      To:   Finite Field of size 2
+    sage: psi(f) in k
+    True
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Kwankyu Lee (2017-04-30): initial version
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Kwankyu Lee <ekwankyu@gmail.com>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+#  the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.misc.cachefunc import cached_method
+
+from sage.structure.unique_representation import UniqueRepresentation
+from sage.structure.parent import Parent
+
+from sage.categories.homset import Hom
+from sage.categories.rings import Rings
+
+
+class FunctionFieldValuationRing(UniqueRepresentation, Parent):
+    """
+    Base class for valuation rings of function fields.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``field`` -- function field
+
+    - ``place`` -- place of the function field
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); _.<Y> = K[]
+        sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^2 + Y + x + 1/x)
+        sage: p = L.places_finite()[0]
+        sage: p.valuation_ring()
+        Valuation ring at Place (x, x*y)
+    """
+    def __init__(self, field, place, category=None):
+        """
+        Initialize.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); _.<Y> = K[]
+            sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^2 + Y + x + 1/x)
+            sage: p = L.places_finite()[0]
+            sage: R = p.valuation_ring()
+            sage: TestSuite(R).run()
+        """
+        Parent.__init__(self, category=Rings().or_subcategory(category).Infinite(), facade=field)
+
+        self._field = field
+        self._place = place
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, x):
+        """
+        Construct an element of the function field belonging to the
+        valuation ring.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); _.<Y> = K[]
+            sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^2 + Y + x + 1/x)
+            sage: p = L.places_finite()[0]
+            sage: R = p.valuation_ring()
+            sage: y in R
+            False
+            sage: 1/y in R
+            True
+            sage: x + y in R
+            False
+            sage: 1/(x + y) in R
+            True
+        """
+        x = self._field(x)
+        if x.valuation(self._place) >= 0:
+            return x
+        else:
+            raise TypeError
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        Return the string representation of the valuation ring.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); _.<Y> = K[]
+            sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^2 + Y + x + 1/x)
+            sage: p = L.places_finite()[0]
+            sage: p.valuation_ring()
+            Valuation ring at Place (x, x*y)
+        """
+        return 'Valuation ring at {}'.format(self._place)
+
+    def place(self):
+        """
+        Return the place associated with the valuation ring.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); _.<Y> = K[]
+            sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^2 + Y + x + 1/x)
+            sage: p = L.places_finite()[0]
+            sage: R = p.valuation_ring()
+            sage: p == R.place()
+            True
+        """
+        return self._place
+
+    @cached_method
+    def residue_field(self, name=None):
+        """
+        Return the residue field of the valuation ring together with
+        the maps from and to it.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``name`` -- string; name of the generator of the field
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - a field isomorphic to the residue field
+
+        - a ring homomorphism from the valuation ring to the field
+
+        - a ring homomorphism from the field to the valuation ring
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); _.<Y> = K[]
+            sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^2 + Y + x + 1/x)
+            sage: p = L.places_finite()[0]
+            sage: R = p.valuation_ring()
+            sage: k, fr_k, to_k = R.residue_field()
+            sage: k
+            Finite Field of size 2
+            sage: fr_k
+            Ring morphism:
+              From: Finite Field of size 2
+              To:   Valuation ring at Place (x, x*y)
+            sage: to_k
+            Ring morphism:
+              From: Valuation ring at Place (x, x*y)
+              To:   Finite Field of size 2
+            sage: to_k(1/y)
+            0
+            sage: to_k(y/(1+y))
+            1
+        """
+        from .maps import FunctionFieldRingMorphism as morphism
+
+        k, from_k, to_k = self._place._residue_field(name=name)
+        mor_from_k = morphism(Hom(k,self), from_k)
+        mor_to_k = morphism(Hom(self,k), to_k)
+        return k, mor_from_k, mor_to_k

sage/rings/number_field/all__sagemath_pari.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-pari
+
+from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import
+
+lazy_import('sage.rings.number_field.totallyreal', 'enumerate_totallyreal_fields_prim')
+lazy_import('sage.rings.number_field.totallyreal_data', 'hermite_constant')
+lazy_import('sage.rings.number_field.totallyreal_rel',
+            'enumerate_totallyreal_fields_all')
+lazy_import('sage.rings.number_field.totallyreal_rel',
+            'enumerate_totallyreal_fields_rel')
+
+lazy_import('sage.rings.number_field.unit_group', 'UnitGroup')
+
+del lazy_import