passagemath-groups 10.6.41__cp314-cp314t-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl

sage/groups/kernel_subgroup.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-groups
+r"""
+Kernel Subgroups
+
+The kernel of a homomorphism implemented as a subgroup.
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Travis Scrimshaw (1-2023): Initial version
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2023 Travis Scrimshaw <tcscrims at gmail.com>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.misc.cachefunc import cached_method
+from sage.categories.groups import Groups
+from sage.structure.element_wrapper import ElementWrapper
+from sage.structure.parent import Parent
+from sage.structure.unique_representation import UniqueRepresentation
+
+
+class KernelSubgroup(UniqueRepresentation, Parent):
+    r"""
+    The kernel (normal) subgroup.
+
+    Let `\phi : G \to H` be a group homomorphism. The kernel
+    `K = \{\phi(g) = 1 | g \in G\}` is a normal subgroup of `G`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, morphism):
+        r"""
+        Initialize ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S2 = SymmetricGroup(2)
+            sage: S3 = SymmetricGroup(3)
+            sage: H = Hom(S3, S2)
+            sage: phi = H(S2.__call__)
+            sage: from sage.groups.kernel_subgroup import KernelSubgroup
+            sage: K = KernelSubgroup(phi)
+            sage: TestSuite(K).run()
+        """
+        self._morphism = morphism
+        cat = Groups().Subobjects()
+        base_cat = morphism.domain().category()
+        if base_cat in Groups().Finite():
+            cat = cat.Finite()
+        elif base_cat in Groups().Enumerated():
+            cat = cat.Enumerated()
+        Parent.__init__(self, category=cat)
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a string representation of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S2 = SymmetricGroup(2)
+            sage: S3 = SymmetricGroup(3)
+            sage: H = Hom(S3, S2)
+            sage: phi = H(S2.__call__)
+            sage: from sage.groups.kernel_subgroup import KernelSubgroup
+            sage: KernelSubgroup(phi)
+            Kernel subgroup defined by Generic morphism:
+              From: Symmetric group of order 3! as a permutation group
+              To:   Symmetric group of order 2! as a permutation group
+        """
+        return "Kernel subgroup defined by {}".format(self._morphism)
+
+    def gens(self) -> tuple:
+        r"""
+        Return the generators of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S2 = SymmetricGroup(2)
+            sage: S3 = SymmetricGroup(3)
+            sage: H = Hom(S3, S2)
+            sage: phi = H(S2.__call__)
+            sage: from sage.groups.kernel_subgroup import KernelSubgroup
+            sage: K = KernelSubgroup(phi)
+            sage: K.gens()
+            ((),)
+        """
+        if self.ambient() in Groups().Finite():
+            return tuple(self)
+        raise NotImplementedError("only implemented for finite groups")
+
+    def defining_morphism(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the defining morphism of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: PJ3 = groups.misc.PureCactus(3)                                       # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            sage: PJ3.defining_morphism()                                               # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            Conversion via _from_cactus_group_element map:
+              From: Cactus Group with 3 fruit
+              To:   Symmetric group of order 3! as a permutation group
+        """
+        return self._morphism
+
+    @cached_method
+    def ambient(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the ambient group of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: PJ3 = groups.misc.PureCactus(3)                                       # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            sage: PJ3.ambient()                                                         # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            Cactus Group with 3 fruit
+        """
+        return self._morphism.domain()
+
+    def _an_element_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return an element of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: PJ3 = groups.misc.PureCactus(3)                                       # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            sage: PJ3.an_element()                                                      # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            1
+        """
+        return self.element_class(self, self.ambient().one())
+
+    def lift(self, x):
+        r"""
+        Lift ``x`` to the ambient group of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: PJ3 = groups.misc.PureCactus(3)                                       # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            sage: PJ3.lift(PJ3.an_element()).parent()                                   # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            Cactus Group with 3 fruit
+        """
+        return x.value
+
+    def retract(self, x):
+        r"""
+        Convert ``x`` to an element of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            sage: J3 = groups.misc.Cactus(3)
+            sage: s12,s13,s23 = J3.group_generators()
+            sage: PJ3 = groups.misc.PureCactus(3)
+            sage: elt = PJ3.retract(s23*s12*s23*s13); elt
+            s[2,3]*s[1,2]*s[2,3]*s[1,3]
+            sage: elt.parent() is PJ3
+            True
+        """
+        return self._element_constructor_(x)
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, x):
+        r"""
+        Construct an element of ``self`` from ``x``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
+            sage: J3 = groups.misc.Cactus(3)
+            sage: s12,s13,s23 = J3.group_generators()
+            sage: PJ3 = groups.misc.PureCactus(3)
+            sage: elt = PJ3(s23*s12*s23*s13)
+            sage: elt.parent() is PJ3
+            True
+        """
+        if self._morphism(x) != self._morphism.codomain().one():
+            raise ValueError("{} is not in the kernel of {}".format(x, self._morphism))
+        return self.element_class(self, x)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        r"""
+        Iterate through ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: S2 = SymmetricGroup(2)
+            sage: S3 = SymmetricGroup(3)
+            sage: H = Hom(S3, S2)
+            sage: phi = H(S2.__call__)
+            sage: from sage.groups.kernel_subgroup import KernelSubgroup
+            sage: K = KernelSubgroup(phi)
+            sage: list(K)
+            [()]
+        """
+        for g in self.ambient():
+            try:
+                yield self(g)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+    class Element(ElementWrapper):
+        def _mul_(self, other):
+            r"""
+            Multiply ``self`` and ``other``.
+
+            EXAMPLES::
+
+                sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
+                sage: J3 = groups.misc.Cactus(3)
+                sage: s12,s13,s23 = J3.group_generators()
+                sage: PJ3 = groups.misc.PureCactus(3)
+                sage: elt = PJ3(s23*s12*s23*s13)
+                sage: elt * elt
+                s[2,3]*s[1,2]*s[2,3]*s[1,2]*s[2,3]*s[1,2]
+            """
+            return type(self)(self.parent(), self.value * other.value)
+
+        def __invert__(self):
+            r"""
+            Return the inverse of ``self``.
+
+            EXAMPLES::
+
+                sage: # needs sage.rings.number_field
+                sage: J3 = groups.misc.Cactus(3)
+                sage: s12,s13,s23 = J3.group_generators()
+                sage: PJ3 = groups.misc.PureCactus(3)
+                sage: elt = PJ3(s23*s12*s23*s13)
+                sage: ~elt
+                s[1,2]*s[2,3]*s[1,2]*s[1,3]
+            """
+            return type(self)(self.parent(), ~self.value)

sage/groups/lie_gps/all.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-groups

sage/groups/lie_gps/catalog.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-groups
+r"""
+Type ``groups.lie.<tab>`` to access examples of Lie groups.
+"""
+from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import as _lazy_import
+
+# We use lazy import because the module depends on sage.manifolds and thus on sage.symbolic
+_lazy_import('sage.groups.lie_gps.nilpotent_lie_group', 'NilpotentLieGroup', as_='Nilpotent')