passagemath-flint 10.6.1rc10__cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_27_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl

sage/rings/number_field/class_group.py

@@ -0,0 +1,762 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-flint
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.rings.number_field
+r"""
+Class groups of number fields
+
+An element of a class group is stored as a pair consisting of both an explicit
+ideal in that ideal class, and a list of exponents giving that ideal class in
+terms of the generators of the parent class group. These can be accessed with
+the ``ideal()`` and ``exponents()`` methods respectively.
+
+EXAMPLES::
+
+    sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+    sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^2 + 23)
+    sage: I = K.class_group().gen(); I
+    Fractional ideal class (2, 1/2*a - 1/2)
+    sage: I.ideal()
+    Fractional ideal (2, 1/2*a - 1/2)
+    sage: I.exponents()
+    (1,)
+
+    sage: I.ideal() * I.ideal()
+    Fractional ideal (4, 1/2*a + 3/2)
+    sage: (I.ideal() * I.ideal()).reduce_equiv()
+    Fractional ideal (2, 1/2*a + 1/2)
+    sage: J = I * I; J    # class group multiplication is automatically reduced
+    Fractional ideal class (2, 1/2*a + 1/2)
+    sage: J.ideal()
+    Fractional ideal (2, 1/2*a + 1/2)
+    sage: J.exponents()
+    (2,)
+
+    sage: I * I.ideal()   # ideal classes coerce to their representative ideal
+    Fractional ideal (4, 1/2*a + 3/2)
+
+    sage: K.fractional_ideal([2, 1/2*a + 1/2])
+    Fractional ideal (2, 1/2*a + 1/2)
+    sage: K.fractional_ideal([2, 1/2*a + 1/2]).is_principal()
+    False
+    sage: K.fractional_ideal([2, 1/2*a + 1/2])^3
+    Fractional ideal (1/2*a - 3/2)
+"""
+
+from sage.groups.abelian_gps.values import AbelianGroupWithValues_class, AbelianGroupWithValuesElement
+from sage.groups.abelian_gps.abelian_group_element import AbelianGroupElement
+from sage.structure.element import MonoidElement
+from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+
+
+class FractionalIdealClass(AbelianGroupWithValuesElement):
+    r"""
+    A fractional ideal class in a number field.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+        sage: G = NumberField(x^2 + 23,'a').class_group(); G
+        Class group of order 3 with structure C3 of
+         Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 23
+        sage: I = G.0; I
+        Fractional ideal class (2, 1/2*a - 1/2)
+        sage: I.ideal()
+        Fractional ideal (2, 1/2*a - 1/2)
+
+        sage: K.<w> = QuadraticField(-23)
+        sage: OK = K.ring_of_integers()
+        sage: C = OK.class_group()
+        sage: P2a, P2b = [P for P, e in (2*K).factor()]
+        sage: c = C(P2a); c
+        Fractional ideal class (2, 1/2*w - 1/2)
+        sage: c.gens()
+        (2, 1/2*w - 1/2)
+    """
+    def __init__(self, parent, element, ideal=None):
+        """
+        Return the ideal class of this fractional ideal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^2 + 23,'a'); G = K.class_group()
+            sage: G(K.ideal(13, a + 4))
+            Fractional ideal class (13, 1/2*a + 17/2)
+        """
+        if element is None:
+            element = parent._ideal_log(ideal)
+        AbelianGroupWithValuesElement.__init__(self, parent, element, ideal)
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return string representation of this fractional ideal class.
+
+         EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^2 + 23,'a'); G = K.class_group()
+            sage: G(K.ideal(13, a + 4))._repr_()
+            'Fractional ideal class (13, 1/2*a + 17/2)'
+            sage: G(K.ideal(59, a+6))._repr_()
+            'Trivial principal fractional ideal class'
+        """
+        if self.is_principal():
+            return 'Trivial principal fractional ideal class'
+        return 'Fractional ideal class %s' % self._value._repr_short()
+
+    def _mul_(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Multiplication of two (S-)ideal classes.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: G = NumberField(x^2 + 23,'a').class_group(); G
+            Class group of order 3 with structure C3 of
+             Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 23
+            sage: I = G.0; I
+            Fractional ideal class (2, 1/2*a - 1/2)
+            sage: I*I # indirect doctest
+            Fractional ideal class (2, 1/2*a + 1/2)
+            sage: I*I*I # indirect doctest
+            Trivial principal fractional ideal class
+
+            sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-14)
+            sage: I = K.ideal(2,a)
+            sage: S = (I,)
+            sage: CS = K.S_class_group(S)
+            sage: G = K.ideal(3,a+1)
+            sage: CS(G)*CS(G)
+            Trivial S-ideal class
+        """
+        m = AbelianGroupElement._mul_(self, other)
+        m._value = (self.ideal() * other.ideal()).reduce_equiv()
+        return m
+
+    def _div_(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Division of two ideal classes.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: G = NumberField(x^2 + 23,'a').class_group(); G
+            Class group of order 3 with structure C3 of
+             Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 23
+            sage: I = G.0; I
+            Fractional ideal class (2, 1/2*a - 1/2)
+            sage: I*I # indirect doctest
+            Fractional ideal class (2, 1/2*a + 1/2)
+            sage: I*I*I # indirect doctest
+            Trivial principal fractional ideal class
+        """
+        m = AbelianGroupElement._div_(self, other)
+        m._value = (self.ideal() / other.ideal()).reduce_equiv()
+        return m
+
+    def __pow__(self, n):
+        r"""
+        Raise this element to the power n.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 3*x + 8)
+            sage: C = K.class_group()
+            sage: c = C(2, a)
+            sage: c^2
+            Fractional ideal class (4, a)
+            sage: c^3
+            Trivial principal fractional ideal class
+            sage: c^1000
+            Fractional ideal class (2, a)
+            sage: (c^2)^2
+            Fractional ideal class (2, a)
+        """
+        # We use MonoidElement's __pow__ routine, since that does
+        # repeated squaring, and hence the ideal gets reduced as
+        # we go along; actually computing self._value ** n would
+        # be disastrous.
+        n = n % self.order()
+        return MonoidElement.__pow__(self, n)
+
+    def inverse(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the multiplicative inverse of this ideal class.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 3*x + 8); G = K.class_group()
+            sage: G(2, a).inverse()
+            Fractional ideal class (2, a^2 + 2*a - 1)
+            sage: ~G(2, a)
+            Fractional ideal class (2, a^2 + 2*a - 1)
+        """
+        m = AbelianGroupElement.__invert__(self)
+        m._value = (~self.ideal()).reduce_equiv()
+        return m
+
+    __invert__ = inverse
+
+    def is_principal(self):
+        r"""
+        Return ``True`` iff this ideal class is the trivial (principal) class.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<w> = QuadraticField(-23)
+            sage: OK = K.ring_of_integers()
+            sage: C = OK.class_group()
+            sage: P2a, P2b = [P for P, e in (2*K).factor()]
+            sage: c = C(P2a)
+            sage: c.is_principal()
+            False
+            sage: (c^2).is_principal()
+            False
+            sage: (c^3).is_principal()
+            True
+        """
+        return self.is_one()
+
+    def reduce(self):
+        r"""
+        Return representative for this ideal class that has been
+        reduced using PARI's :pari:`idealred`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: k.<a> = NumberField(x^2 + 20072); G = k.class_group(); G
+            Class group of order 76 with structure C38 x C2 of
+             Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 20072
+            sage: I = (G.0)^11; I
+            Fractional ideal class (33, 1/2*a + 8)
+            sage: J = G(I.ideal()^5); J
+            Fractional ideal class (39135393, 1/2*a + 13654253)
+            sage: J.reduce()
+            Fractional ideal class (73, 1/2*a + 47)
+            sage: J == I^5
+            True
+        """
+        return self.parent()(self.ideal().reduce_equiv())
+
+    def ideal(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a representative ideal in this ideal class.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<w> = QuadraticField(-23)
+            sage: OK = K.ring_of_integers()
+            sage: C = OK.class_group()
+            sage: P2a, P2b = [P for P, e in (2*K).factor()]
+            sage: c = C(P2a); c
+            Fractional ideal class (2, 1/2*w - 1/2)
+            sage: c.ideal()
+            Fractional ideal (2, 1/2*w - 1/2)
+        """
+        return self.value()
+
+    def representative_prime(self, norm_bound=1000):
+        r"""
+        Return a prime ideal in this ideal class.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``norm_bound`` -- (positive integer) upper bound on the norm of
+          primes tested
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^2 + 31)
+            sage: K.class_number()
+            3
+            sage: Cl = K.class_group()
+            sage: [c.representative_prime() for c in Cl]
+            [Fractional ideal (3),
+             Fractional ideal (2, 1/2*a + 1/2),
+             Fractional ideal (2, 1/2*a - 1/2)]
+
+            sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^2 + 223)
+            sage: K.class_number()
+            7
+            sage: Cl = K.class_group()
+            sage: [c.representative_prime() for c in Cl]
+            [Fractional ideal (3),
+             Fractional ideal (2, 1/2*a + 1/2),
+             Fractional ideal (17, 1/2*a + 7/2),
+             Fractional ideal (7, 1/2*a - 1/2),
+             Fractional ideal (7, 1/2*a + 1/2),
+             Fractional ideal (17, 1/2*a + 27/2),
+             Fractional ideal (2, 1/2*a - 1/2)]
+        """
+        if self.value().is_prime():
+            return self.value()
+        c = self.reduce()
+        if c.value().is_prime():
+            return c.value()
+        # otherwise we just search:
+        Cl = self.parent()
+        K = Cl.number_field()
+        from sage.rings.real_mpfr import RR
+        for P in K.primes_of_bounded_norm_iter(RR(norm_bound)):
+            if Cl(P) == c:
+                return P
+        raise RuntimeError("No prime of norm less than %s found in class %s" % (norm_bound, c))
+
+    def gens(self) -> tuple:
+        r"""
+        Return generators for a representative ideal in this
+        (`S`-)ideal class.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<w> = QuadraticField(-23)
+            sage: OK = K.ring_of_integers()
+            sage: C = OK.class_group()
+            sage: P2a, P2b = [P for P, e in (2*K).factor()]
+            sage: c = C(P2a); c
+            Fractional ideal class (2, 1/2*w - 1/2)
+            sage: c.gens()
+            (2, 1/2*w - 1/2)
+        """
+        return self.ideal().gens()
+
+
+class SFractionalIdealClass(FractionalIdealClass):
+    r"""
+    An `S`-fractional ideal class in a number field for a tuple `S` of primes.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-14)
+        sage: I = K.ideal(2, a)
+        sage: S = (I,)
+        sage: CS = K.S_class_group(S)
+        sage: J = K.ideal(7, a)
+        sage: G = K.ideal(3, a + 1)
+        sage: CS(I)
+        Trivial S-ideal class
+        sage: CS(J)
+        Trivial S-ideal class
+        sage: CS(G)
+        Fractional S-ideal class (3, a + 1)
+
+    ::
+
+        sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-14)
+        sage: I = K.ideal(2, a)
+        sage: S = (I,)
+        sage: CS = K.S_class_group(S)
+        sage: J = K.ideal(7, a)
+        sage: G = K.ideal(3, a + 1)
+        sage: CS(I).ideal()
+        Fractional ideal (2, a)
+        sage: CS(J).ideal()
+        Fractional ideal (7, a)
+        sage: CS(G).ideal()
+        Fractional ideal (3, a + 1)
+
+    ::
+
+        sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-14)
+        sage: I = K.ideal(2, a)
+        sage: S = (I,)
+        sage: CS = K.S_class_group(S)
+        sage: G = K.ideal(3, a + 1)
+        sage: CS(G).inverse()
+        Fractional S-ideal class (3, a + 2)
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-14)
+        sage: I = K.ideal(2,a)
+        sage: S = (I,)
+        sage: CS = K.S_class_group(S)
+        sage: J = K.ideal(7,a)
+        sage: G = K.ideal(3,a+1)
+        sage: CS(I).order()
+        1
+        sage: CS(J).order()
+        1
+        sage: CS(G).order()
+        2
+    """
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a string representation of the `S`-ideal class of this fractional ideal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-14)
+            sage: I = K.ideal(2,a)
+            sage: J = K.ideal(3, a + 2)
+            sage: S = (I,)
+            sage: CS = K.S_class_group(S)
+            sage: CS(J)
+            Fractional S-ideal class (3, a + 2)
+            sage: CS(J^2)
+            Trivial S-ideal class
+        """
+        if self.is_trivial():
+            return 'Trivial S-ideal class'
+        return 'Fractional S-ideal class %s' % self._value._repr_short()
+
+
+class ClassGroup(AbelianGroupWithValues_class):
+    r"""
+    The class group of a number field.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+        sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^2 + 23)
+        sage: G = K.class_group(); G
+        Class group of order 3 with structure C3 of
+         Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 23
+        sage: G.category()
+        Category of finite enumerated commutative groups
+
+    Note the distinction between abstract generators, their ideal, and
+    exponents::
+
+        sage: C = NumberField(x^2 + 120071, 'a').class_group(); C
+        Class group of order 500 with structure C250 x C2
+        of Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 120071
+        sage: c = C.gen(0)
+        sage: c  # random
+        Fractional ideal class (5, 1/2*a + 3/2)
+        sage: c.ideal()  # random
+        Fractional ideal (5, 1/2*a + 3/2)
+        sage: c.ideal() is c.value()   # alias
+        True
+        sage: c.exponents()
+        (1, 0)
+    """
+    Element = FractionalIdealClass
+
+    def __init__(self, gens_orders, names, number_field, gens, proof=True):
+        r"""
+        Create a class group.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^2 + 23)
+            sage: G = K.class_group()
+            sage: TestSuite(G).run()
+        """
+        AbelianGroupWithValues_class.__init__(self, gens_orders, names, gens,
+                                              values_group=number_field.ideal_monoid())
+        self._proof_flag = proof
+        self._number_field = number_field
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, *args, **kwds):
+        r"""
+        Create an element of this class group from the given data. This may be:
+        an ideal class in this number field; an ideal class in a subfield; or
+        anything from which an ideal in this number field can be constructed.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: K.<b> = NumberField(x^2 + 389)
+            sage: C = K.class_group()
+            sage: C(K.ideal(b)) # indirect doctest
+            Trivial principal fractional ideal class
+            sage: C(K.ideal(59049, b + 35312)) # indirect doctest
+            Fractional ideal class (59049, b + 35312)
+            sage: C((59049, b + 35312)) # indirect doctest
+            Fractional ideal class (59049, b + 35312)
+            sage: C(59049, b + 35312) # indirect doctest
+            Fractional ideal class (59049, b + 35312)
+
+            sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-23)
+            sage: L.<b> = K.extension(x^2 - 2)
+            sage: CK = K.class_group()
+            sage: CL = L.class_group()
+            sage: [CL(I).exponents() for I in CK]
+            [(0,), (2,), (4,)]
+        """
+        if isinstance(args[0], FractionalIdealClass):
+            return self.element_class(self, None, self._number_field.ideal(args[0].ideal()))
+        else:
+            I = self._number_field.ideal(*args, **kwds)
+            if I.is_zero():
+                raise TypeError("The zero ideal is not a fractional ideal")
+            return self.element_class(self, None, I)
+
+    def _ideal_log(self, ideal):
+        """
+        Compute the exponents from the ``ideal``.
+
+        Used by the element constructor if necessary.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^2 + 23, 'a')
+            sage: G = K.class_group()
+            sage: g = G.an_element()
+            sage: G._ideal_log(g.ideal())
+            (1,)
+            sage: g.exponents()
+            (1,)
+        """
+        return tuple(ZZ(order) for order in ideal.ideal_class_log(proof=self._proof_flag))
+
+    def gens_ideals(self):
+        r"""
+        Return generating ideals for the (`S`-)class group.
+
+        This is an alias for :meth:`gens_values`.
+
+        OUTPUT: a tuple of ideals, one for each abstract Abelian group generator
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^4 + 23)
+            sage: K.class_group().gens_ideals()   # random gens (platform dependent)
+            (Fractional ideal (2, 1/4*a^3 - 1/4*a^2 + 1/4*a - 1/4),)
+
+            sage: C = NumberField(x^2 + x + 23899, 'a').class_group(); C
+            Class group of order 68 with structure C34 x C2 of Number Field
+            in a with defining polynomial x^2 + x + 23899
+            sage: C.gens()
+            (Fractional ideal class (83, a + 21), Fractional ideal class (15, a + 8))
+            sage: C.gens_ideals()
+            (Fractional ideal (83, a + 21), Fractional ideal (15, a + 8))
+        """
+        return self.gens_values()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        r"""
+        Return an iterator of all ideal classes in this class group.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^4 + 23)
+            sage: G = K.class_group()
+            sage: G
+            Class group of order 3 with structure C3 of Number Field
+            in a with defining polynomial x^4 + 23
+            sage: list(G)
+            [Trivial principal fractional ideal class,
+             Fractional ideal class (2, 1/4*a^3 - 1/4*a^2 + 1/4*a - 1/4),
+             Fractional ideal class (2, 1/2*a^2 + 1/2)]
+            sage: G.list()
+            (Trivial principal fractional ideal class,
+             Fractional ideal class (2, 1/4*a^3 - 1/4*a^2 + 1/4*a - 1/4),
+             Fractional ideal class (2, 1/2*a^2 + 1/2))
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^2 + 1)
+            sage: G = K.class_group()
+            sage: G
+            Class group of order 1 of Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 1
+            sage: list(G)
+            [Trivial principal fractional ideal class]
+            sage: G.list()
+            (Trivial principal fractional ideal class,)
+        """
+        return self._iter_inner(self.one(), 0)
+
+    def _iter_inner(self, i0, k):
+        r"""
+        Yield all elements of the coset `i0 * \{h in H_k\}`, where
+        `H_k` is the subgroup of ``self`` generated by ``self.gens()[k:]``.
+
+        Each new element provided costs exactly one group operation, and is
+        not necessarily reduced.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = ZZ['x'].gen()
+            sage: K.<v> = NumberField(x^4 + 90*x^2 + 45)
+            sage: OK = K.maximal_order()
+            sage: G = OK.class_group()
+            sage: iter = G._iter_inner(G.gen(0)^2,1)
+            sage: all(next(iter) in G for _ in range(4))
+            True
+        """
+        if k == self.ngens():
+            yield i0
+            return
+        gk = self.gen(k)
+        for _ in range(self._gens_orders[k]):
+            yield from self._iter_inner(i0, k + 1)
+            i0 = i0 * gk
+        return
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return string representation of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: C = NumberField(x^2 + 23, 'a').class_group()
+            sage: C._repr_()
+            'Class group of order 3 with structure C3 of Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 23'
+        """
+        s = 'Class group of order %s ' % self.order()
+        if self.order() > 1:
+            s += 'with structure %s ' % self._group_notation(self.gens_orders())
+        s += 'of %s' % self.number_field()
+        return s
+
+    def number_field(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the number field that this (`S`-)class group is attached to.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x')
+            sage: C = NumberField(x^2 + 23, 'w').class_group(); C
+            Class group of order 3 with structure C3 of
+             Number Field in w with defining polynomial x^2 + 23
+            sage: C.number_field()
+            Number Field in w with defining polynomial x^2 + 23
+
+            sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-14)
+            sage: CS = K.S_class_group(K.primes_above(2))
+            sage: CS.number_field()
+            Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 14 with a = 3.741657386773942?*I
+        """
+        return self._number_field
+
+
+class SClassGroup(ClassGroup):
+    r"""
+    The `S`-class group of a number field.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-14)
+        sage: S = K.primes_above(2)
+        sage: K.S_class_group(S).gens()   # random gens (platform dependent)
+        (Fractional S-ideal class (3, a + 2),)
+
+        sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-974)
+        sage: CS = K.S_class_group(K.primes_above(2)); CS
+        S-class group of order 18 with structure C6 x C3 of
+         Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 974 with a = 31.20897306865447?*I
+        sage: CS.gen(0) # random
+        Fractional S-ideal class (3, a + 2)
+        sage: CS.gen(1) # random
+        Fractional S-ideal class (31, a + 24)
+    """
+    Element = SFractionalIdealClass
+
+    def __init__(self, gens_orders, names, number_field, gens, S, proof=True):
+        r"""
+        Create an `S`-class group.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-14)
+            sage: I = K.ideal(2,a)
+            sage: S = (I,)
+            sage: K.S_class_group(S)
+            S-class group of order 2 with structure C2 of Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 14 with a = 3.741657386773942?*I
+            sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-105)
+            sage: K.S_class_group([K.ideal(13, a + 8)])
+            S-class group of order 4 with structure C2 x C2 of Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 105 with a = 10.24695076595960?*I
+        """
+        AbelianGroupWithValues_class.__init__(self, gens_orders, names, gens,
+                                              values_group=number_field.ideal_monoid())
+        self._proof_flag = proof
+        self._number_field = number_field
+        self._S = S
+
+    def S(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the set (or rather tuple) of primes used to define this class group.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-14)
+            sage: I = K.ideal(2, a)
+            sage: S = (I,)
+            sage: CS = K.S_class_group(S);CS
+            S-class group of order 2 with structure C2 of
+             Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 14 with a = 3.741657386773942?*I
+            sage: T = tuple()
+            sage: CT = K.S_class_group(T);CT
+            S-class group of order 4 with structure C4 of
+             Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 14 with a = 3.741657386773942?*I
+            sage: CS.S()
+            (Fractional ideal (2, a),)
+            sage: CT.S()
+            ()
+        """
+        return self._S
+
+    def _ideal_log(self, ideal):
+        """
+        Compute the exponents from the ``ideal``.
+
+        Used by the element constructor if necessary.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-14)
+            sage: I = K.ideal(2,a)
+            sage: S = (I,)
+            sage: CS = K.S_class_group(S)
+            sage: s = CS.an_element()
+            sage: CS._ideal_log(s.ideal())
+            (1,)
+            sage: s.exponents()
+            (1,)
+        """
+        return tuple(ZZ(order) for order in ideal.S_ideal_class_log(self.S()))
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, *args, **kwds):
+        r"""
+        Create an element of this class group from the given data.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-14)
+            sage: I = K.ideal(2,a)
+            sage: S = (I,)
+            sage: CS = K.S_class_group(S)
+            sage: J = K.ideal(7,a)
+            sage: G = K.ideal(3,a+1)
+            sage: CS(I)
+            Trivial S-ideal class
+            sage: CS(J)
+            Trivial S-ideal class
+            sage: CS(G)
+            Fractional S-ideal class (3, a + 1)
+        """
+        if isinstance(args[0], FractionalIdealClass):
+            return self.element_class(self, None, args[0].ideal())
+        else:
+            I = self.number_field().ideal(*args, **kwds)
+            if I.is_zero():
+                raise TypeError("The zero ideal is not a fractional ideal")
+            return self.element_class(self, None, I)
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return string representation of this S-class group.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(-14)
+            sage: CS = K.S_class_group(K.primes_above(2))
+            sage: CS._repr_()
+            'S-class group of order 2 with structure C2 of Number Field in a with defining polynomial x^2 + 14 with a = 3.741657386773942?*I'
+        """
+        s = 'S-class group of order %s ' % self.order()
+        if self.order() > 1:
+            s += 'with structure %s ' % self._group_notation(self.gens_orders())
+        s += 'of %s' % self.number_field()
+        return s