passagemath-categories 10.6.31rc3__cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl

sage/categories/vector_spaces.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-categories
+r"""
+Vector Spaces
+"""
+#*****************************************************************************
+#  Copyright (C) 2005      David Kohel <kohel@maths.usyd.edu>
+#                          William Stein <wstein@math.ucsd.edu>
+#                2008      Teresa Gomez-Diaz (CNRS) <Teresa.Gomez-Diaz@univ-mlv.fr>
+#                2008-2009 Nicolas M. Thiery <nthiery at users.sf.net>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#******************************************************************************
+from sage.categories.category import Category
+from sage.categories.category_types import Category_module
+from sage.categories.category_with_axiom import CategoryWithAxiom_over_base_ring
+from sage.categories.cartesian_product import CartesianProductsCategory
+from sage.categories.dual import DualObjectsCategory
+from sage.categories.tensor import TensorProductsCategory
+from sage.categories.filtered_modules import FilteredModulesCategory
+from sage.categories.graded_modules import GradedModulesCategory
+from sage.categories.fields import Fields
+from sage.categories.modules import Modules
+from sage.categories.modules_with_basis import ModulesWithBasis
+_Fields = Fields()
+
+
+class VectorSpaces(Category_module):
+    """
+    The category of (abstract) vector spaces over a given field.
+
+    ??? with an embedding in an ambient vector space ???
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: VectorSpaces(QQ)
+        Category of vector spaces over Rational Field
+        sage: VectorSpaces(QQ).super_categories()
+        [Category of modules over Rational Field]
+    """
+    @staticmethod
+    def __classcall_private__(cls, K, check=True):
+        """
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``K`` -- a field
+        - ``check`` -- boolean (default: ``True``); whether to check that `K`
+          is a field
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: VectorSpaces(QQ) is VectorSpaces(QQ, check=False)
+            True
+
+        By default, it is checked that ``K`` is a field::
+
+            sage: VectorSpaces(ZZ)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: base must be a field or a subcategory of Fields(); got Integer Ring
+
+        With ``check=False``, the check is disabled, possibly enabling
+        incorrect inputs::
+
+            sage: VectorSpaces(ZZ, check=False)
+            Category of vector spaces over Integer Ring
+        """
+        if check:
+            if not (K in _Fields or
+                    (isinstance(K, Category) and K.is_subcategory(_Fields))):
+                raise ValueError("base must be a field or a subcategory of Fields();" +
+                                 " got {}".format(K))
+        return super().__classcall__(cls, K)
+
+    def __init__(self, K):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: VectorSpaces(QQ)
+            Category of vector spaces over Rational Field
+            sage: VectorSpaces(ZZ)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: base must be a field or a subcategory of Fields(); got Integer Ring
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: C = QQ^10      # vector space                                         # needs sage.modules
+            sage: TestSuite(C).run()                                                    # needs sage.modules
+            sage: TestSuite(VectorSpaces(QQ)).run()
+        """
+        Category_module.__init__(self, K)
+
+    def _call_(self, x):
+        """
+        Try to coerce ``x`` into an object of this category.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: VectorSpaces(QQ)(ZZ^3)                                                # needs sage.modules
+            Vector space of dimension 3 over Rational Field
+
+        TESTS:
+
+        Check whether :issue:`30174` is fixed::
+
+            sage: Q3 = FiniteRankFreeModule(QQ, 3)                                      # needs sage.modules
+            sage: Modules(QQ)(Q3) is Q3                                                 # needs sage.modules
+            True
+        """
+        try:
+            V = x.vector_space(self.base_field())
+            if V.base_field() != self.base_field():
+                V = V.change_ring(self.base_field())
+        except (TypeError, AttributeError) as msg:
+            raise TypeError("%s\nunable to coerce x (=%s) into %s" % (msg,x,self))
+        return V
+
+    def base_field(self):
+        """
+        Return the base field over which the vector spaces of this
+        category are all defined.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: VectorSpaces(QQ).base_field()
+            Rational Field
+        """
+        return self.base_ring()
+
+    def super_categories(self):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: VectorSpaces(QQ).super_categories()
+            [Category of modules over Rational Field]
+        """
+        R = self.base_field()
+        return [Modules(R, dispatch=False)]
+
+    def additional_structure(self):
+        r"""
+        Return  ``None``.
+
+        Indeed, the category of vector spaces defines no additional
+        structure: a bimodule morphism between two vector spaces is a
+        vector space morphism.
+
+        .. SEEALSO:: :meth:`Category.additional_structure`
+
+        .. TODO:: Should this category be a :class:`CategoryWithAxiom`?
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: VectorSpaces(QQ).additional_structure()
+        """
+        return None
+
+    class ParentMethods:
+
+        def dimension(self):
+            """
+            Return the dimension of this vector space.
+
+            EXAMPLES::
+
+                sage: M = FreeModule(FiniteField(19), 100)                              # needs sage.modules
+                sage: W = M.submodule([M.gen(50)])                                      # needs sage.modules
+                sage: W.dimension()                                                     # needs sage.modules
+                1
+
+                sage: M = FiniteRankFreeModule(QQ, 3)                                   # needs sage.modules
+                sage: M.dimension()                                                     # needs sage.modules
+                3
+                sage: M.tensor_module(1, 2).dimension()                                 # needs sage.modules
+                27
+            """
+            return self.rank()
+
+    class ElementMethods:
+        pass
+
+    class WithBasis(CategoryWithAxiom_over_base_ring):
+
+        _call_ = ModulesWithBasis.__dict__["_call_"]
+
+        def is_abelian(self):
+            """
+            Return whether this category is abelian.
+
+            This is always ``True`` since the base ring is a field.
+
+            EXAMPLES::
+
+                sage: VectorSpaces(QQ).WithBasis().is_abelian()
+                True
+            """
+            return True
+
+        class CartesianProducts(CartesianProductsCategory):
+            def extra_super_categories(self):
+                r"""
+                The category of vector spaces with basis is closed under Cartesian products::
+
+                    sage: C = VectorSpaces(QQ).WithBasis()
+                    sage: C.CartesianProducts()
+                    Category of Cartesian products of vector spaces with basis over Rational Field
+                    sage: C in C.CartesianProducts().super_categories()
+                    True
+                """
+                return [self.base_category()]
+
+        class TensorProducts(TensorProductsCategory):
+            def extra_super_categories(self):
+                r"""
+                The category of vector spaces with basis is closed under tensor products::
+
+                    sage: C = VectorSpaces(QQ).WithBasis()
+                    sage: C.TensorProducts()
+                    Category of tensor products of vector spaces with basis over Rational Field
+                    sage: C in C.TensorProducts().super_categories()
+                    True
+                """
+                return [self.base_category()]
+
+        class FiniteDimensional(CategoryWithAxiom_over_base_ring):
+
+            class TensorProducts(TensorProductsCategory):
+
+                def extra_super_categories(self):
+                    """
+                    Implement the fact that a (finite) tensor product of
+                    finite dimensional vector spaces is a finite dimensional vector space.
+
+                    EXAMPLES::
+
+                        sage: VectorSpaces(QQ).WithBasis().FiniteDimensional().TensorProducts().extra_super_categories()
+                        [Category of finite dimensional vector spaces with basis over Rational Field]
+                        sage: VectorSpaces(QQ).WithBasis().FiniteDimensional().TensorProducts().FiniteDimensional()
+                        Category of tensor products of finite dimensional vector spaces with basis over Rational Field
+                    """
+                    return [self.base_category()]
+
+        class Graded(GradedModulesCategory):
+            """
+            Category of graded vector spaces with basis.
+            """
+            def example(self, base_ring=None):
+                """
+                Return an example of a graded vector space with basis,
+                as per :meth:`Category.example()
+                <sage.categories.category.Category.example>`.
+
+                EXAMPLES::
+
+                    sage: Modules(QQ).WithBasis().Graded().example()                    # needs sage.modules
+                    An example of a graded module with basis:
+                     the free module on partitions over Rational Field
+                """
+                from sage.categories.examples.graded_modules_with_basis import GradedPartitionModule
+                if base_ring is None:
+                    base_ring = self.base_ring()
+                return GradedPartitionModule(base_ring=base_ring)
+
+        class Filtered(FilteredModulesCategory):
+            """
+            Category of filtered vector spaces with basis.
+            """
+            def example(self, base_ring=None):
+                """
+                Return an example of a graded vector space with basis,
+                as per :meth:`Category.example()
+                <sage.categories.category.Category.example>`.
+
+                EXAMPLES::
+
+                    sage: Modules(QQ).WithBasis().Graded().example()                    # needs sage.modules
+                    An example of a graded module with basis:
+                     the free module on partitions over Rational Field
+                """
+                from sage.categories.examples.filtered_modules_with_basis import FilteredPartitionModule
+                if base_ring is None:
+                    base_ring = self.base_ring()
+                return FilteredPartitionModule(base_ring=base_ring)
+
+    class FiniteDimensional(CategoryWithAxiom_over_base_ring):
+
+        class TensorProducts(TensorProductsCategory):
+
+            def extra_super_categories(self):
+                """
+                Implement the fact that a (finite) tensor product of
+                finite dimensional vector spaces is a finite dimensional vector space.
+
+                EXAMPLES::
+
+                    sage: VectorSpaces(QQ).FiniteDimensional().TensorProducts().extra_super_categories()
+                    [Category of finite dimensional vector spaces over Rational Field]
+                    sage: VectorSpaces(QQ).FiniteDimensional().TensorProducts().FiniteDimensional()
+                    Category of tensor products of finite dimensional vector spaces over Rational Field
+                """
+                return [self.base_category()]
+
+    class DualObjects(DualObjectsCategory):
+
+        def extra_super_categories(self):
+            r"""
+            Return the dual category.
+
+            EXAMPLES:
+
+            The category of algebras over the Rational Field is dual
+            to the category of coalgebras over the same field::
+
+                sage: C = VectorSpaces(QQ)
+                sage: C.dual()
+                Category of duals of vector spaces over Rational Field
+                sage: C.dual().super_categories() # indirect doctest
+                [Category of vector spaces over Rational Field]
+            """
+            return [self.base_category()]
+
+    class CartesianProducts(CartesianProductsCategory):
+        def extra_super_categories(self):
+            r"""
+            The category of vector spaces is closed under Cartesian products::
+
+                sage: C = VectorSpaces(QQ)
+                sage: C.CartesianProducts()
+                Category of Cartesian products of vector spaces over Rational Field
+                sage: C in C.CartesianProducts().super_categories()
+                True
+            """
+            return [self.base_category()]
+
+    class TensorProducts(TensorProductsCategory):
+        def extra_super_categories(self):
+            r"""
+            The category of vector spaces is closed under tensor products::
+
+                sage: C = VectorSpaces(QQ)
+                sage: C.TensorProducts()
+                Category of tensor products of vector spaces over Rational Field
+                sage: C in C.TensorProducts().super_categories()
+                True
+            """
+            return [self.base_category()]
+
+    class Filtered(FilteredModulesCategory):
+        """
+        Category of filtered vector spaces.
+        """
+
+    class Graded(GradedModulesCategory):
+        """
+        Category of graded vector spaces.
+        """