open-space-toolkit-astrodynamics 16.2.0__py313-none-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl → 16.3.0__py313-none-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl

{open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.2.0.dist-info → open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.3.0.dist-info}/METADATA

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.2
 Name: open-space-toolkit-astrodynamics
-Version: 16.2.0
+Version: 16.3.0
 Summary: Orbit, attitude, access.
 Author: Open Space Collective
 Author-email: contact@open-space-collective.org

{open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.2.0.dist-info → open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.3.0.dist-info}/RECORD

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ostk/__init__.py,sha256=epnVn2PwdQkUDZ1msqBRO5nEZIOUBIq-IfK3IlNPijE,21
 ostk/astrodynamics/OpenSpaceToolkitAstrodynamicsPy.cpython-313-x86_64-linux-gnu.so,sha256=ZhsxqV3Jt-S1qi7g6SmAkjEuC2b8VwRBwX-gELmYC7g,2857272
 ostk/astrodynamics/__init__.py,sha256=3gWyqFIbhAfcdeMhmfBPQPlPQTmaOzm-6flkJe745Zk,251
-ostk/astrodynamics/__init__.pyi,sha256=GCNGFJa9H1zEPwj32IJ8jrechnJ3JW2W_JIf-4kZN1c,32193
+ostk/astrodynamics/__init__.pyi,sha256=Kzn3IZr5frDzgSW-6XSKOxOdOWqnmhWN6AmZziF6-XA,32193
 ostk/astrodynamics/access.pyi,sha256=t2CF0TU6_6ow_rkV_I4rVKap7ZIdC4jYKL3WkTDHRXg,25157
 ostk/astrodynamics/converters.py,sha256=luPh30qMp9bzEkN7hUccmxlLf7zRp_AzqmBe8IUjPhU,3314
 ostk/astrodynamics/converters.pyi,sha256=tTUT0xGbiUkKxUj79Hq5EEtxV3b2uR6Wsnj_vwyj-mk,1625
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ ostk/astrodynamics/dynamics.pyi,sha256=gZ95KoGex4SB-1z6yMrngkZN1Ir9X6bEmrZgdLxq1
 ostk/astrodynamics/estimator.pyi,sha256=MnahWzp8aACxrNKWlYRsgQr5zpBxogNr-yPm7hJob5k,14000
 ostk/astrodynamics/event_condition.pyi,sha256=2c_1Sq7tkYKeAA_aRWBi43KDQXXxu6EMSmUpEWz_Fa4,45814
 ostk/astrodynamics/guidance_law.pyi,sha256=rVmbpV2Y5FsIXejaInxINS67nVHmTIxVEkhaDIn17SA,12171
-ostk/astrodynamics/libopen-space-toolkit-astrodynamics.so.16,sha256=z7f9nP2oT2d_F9qbdFBQ4wnH5xBhQirZRBtnxgvkmFg,122110960
+ostk/astrodynamics/libopen-space-toolkit-astrodynamics.so.16,sha256=ulEB0p57sutP9XhVaFTCMy18Bww1nTubrGLdb8UgN14,122128936
 ostk/astrodynamics/solver.pyi,sha256=sPqyYPXBfFGC24dzzYyFyt01VfMAlWQ5_gh_RpeaBFk,17734
 ostk/astrodynamics/utilities.py,sha256=y8mr3M46J5z-GhS1oIEnuEJA6otwcyJ9YDhvn_5JxHM,6976
-ostk/astrodynamics/viewer.py,sha256=PLznIOEArRlx-pfMHpGoszNRf2F8mf2SHe8CGvZrVnw,16740
+ostk/astrodynamics/viewer.py,sha256=SlKyOWKjaF3V9HFB3I7ZgHy7n_GLeHTWM9q2wXkpxe8,27077
 ostk/astrodynamics/conjunction/__init__.pyi,sha256=HFvWl8bCmrq3cBkUh5X5RGIh8webmVGxaZdpsz3WN-E,79
 ostk/astrodynamics/conjunction/message/__init__.pyi,sha256=5H__sg_QUx7ybf9jtVWvXzrUHeK3ECotfhddAdHjJUc,75
 ostk/astrodynamics/conjunction/message/ccsds.pyi,sha256=1Peto19hRqlD7KHf1cyLP3CT4OAKzwtemqvO6_4FZ0g,28162
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ ostk/astrodynamics/test/test_import.py,sha256=py_hALBR0IYuUzv9dfgQZzrrLHJIpnyKvt
 ostk/astrodynamics/test/test_root_solver.py,sha256=hQ8O6g-WP49gZH_H3Rdufv0F0gQorpzJyIcjBGGUQ34,1831
 ostk/astrodynamics/test/test_trajectory.py,sha256=GzH7RNRiL088nFeeMm1lhpG4-HEFz15cnWcbD-8VAow,3933
 ostk/astrodynamics/test/test_utilities.py,sha256=NNIyzqOxMdsNpK2z0wU0utX06iZNfbMJDE36Upard28,3048
-ostk/astrodynamics/test/test_viewer.py,sha256=kDstRH_WKufN_0JPSXttzLMk3Afv_ylcEBfHxc35yrA,8946
+ostk/astrodynamics/test/test_viewer.py,sha256=6IxHjSrwnLkmLiTTzRcnwAdEeWdIF_b2Kjz5iCqwctw,10912
 ostk/astrodynamics/test/access/__init__.py,sha256=epnVn2PwdQkUDZ1msqBRO5nEZIOUBIq-IfK3IlNPijE,21
 ostk/astrodynamics/test/access/test_generator.py,sha256=i7TnM80kF0Q_9KmyoqKt5n1ufg3ZjAIEMPVVds8ZDdI,10315
 ostk/astrodynamics/test/access/test_visibility_criterion.py,sha256=VA6WDQTj3q-f2YGIIkrrNp8G23Nf_0g9nKmfZAgAlWQ,6568
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ ostk/astrodynamics/trajectory/orbit/model/kepler.pyi,sha256=OZMznHuU7e6m1rfqtOgX
 ostk/astrodynamics/trajectory/orbit/model/sgp4.pyi,sha256=OhFzoPPQHlYy7m3LiZ8TXF89M4uBTfNk6tGsBEp0sjI,14235
 ostk/astrodynamics/trajectory/state/__init__.pyi,sha256=bq__Fii35czVrTeNxc9eQVjXdqwbbQxUdNQWK3vLrMo,17649
 ostk/astrodynamics/trajectory/state/coordinate_subset.pyi,sha256=kYMfMwEjCqO1NepMYFT4QS6kIPBkVL6sGCLeLbogcMw,10176
-open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.2.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=Xna6Sf7jCN-myVL7NvFMecPLgJTxbg5Akf9wfjZyyhI,1913
-open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.2.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=mg_J2-vBxmW0UA4lbss-1qkxaUbm-OTIuSSaNWv6mlo,110
-open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.2.0.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=zOR18699uDYnafgarhL8WU_LmTZY_5NVqutv-flp_x4,5
-open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.2.0.dist-info/zip-safe,sha256=AbpHGcgLb-kRsJGnwFEktk7uzpZOCcBY74-YBdrKVGs,1
-open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.2.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.3.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=lMlaorcNreWP2h-7yOnWlQc2jlrPiVBcYNzSzPBv5cA,1913
+open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.3.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=mg_J2-vBxmW0UA4lbss-1qkxaUbm-OTIuSSaNWv6mlo,110
+open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.3.0.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=zOR18699uDYnafgarhL8WU_LmTZY_5NVqutv-flp_x4,5
+open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.3.0.dist-info/zip-safe,sha256=AbpHGcgLb-kRsJGnwFEktk7uzpZOCcBY74-YBdrKVGs,1
+open_space_toolkit_astrodynamics-16.3.0.dist-info/RECORD,,

ostk/astrodynamics/__init__.pyi

@@ -14,20 +14,20 @@ from ostk import mathematics as OpenSpaceToolkitMathematicsPy
 from ostk.mathematics import curve_fitting
 from ostk.mathematics import geometry
 from ostk.mathematics import object
-from ostk import physics as OpenSpaceToolkitPhysicsPy
 import ostk.physics
+from ostk import physics as OpenSpaceToolkitPhysicsPy
 from ostk.physics import Environment
 from ostk.physics import Manager
 from ostk.physics import Unit
-from ostk.physics import coordinate
 import ostk.physics.coordinate
+from ostk.physics import coordinate
 import ostk.physics.coordinate.spherical
 from ostk.physics import environment
 import ostk.physics.environment.object
-import ostk.physics.time
 from ostk.physics import time
-from ostk.physics import unit
+import ostk.physics.time
 import ostk.physics.unit
+from ostk.physics import unit
 import typing
 from . import access
 from . import conjunction

ostk/astrodynamics/test/test_viewer.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from ostk.astrodynamics.trajectory import Orbit
 from ostk.astrodynamics.flight import Profile
 from ostk.astrodynamics.viewer import Viewer
 from ostk.astrodynamics.viewer import ConicSensor
+from ostk.astrodynamics.viewer import _compute_celestial_angular_diameter_from_states
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -172,6 +173,48 @@ class TestViewer:
         )
         assert rendered_html.endswith("</script>")
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "celestial_body_name",
+        ["Earth", "Moon", "Sun"],
+    )
+    def test_add_celestial_body_direction_success(
+        self,
+        viewer: Viewer,
+        orbit: Orbit,
+        celestial_body_name: str,
+        environment: Environment,
+    ):
+        viewer.add_celestial_body_direction(
+            profile_or_trajectory=orbit,
+            time_step=Duration.seconds(30.0),
+            celestial=environment.access_celestial_object_with_name(celestial_body_name),
+        )
+
+        rendered_html: str = viewer.render()
+
+        assert rendered_html.startswith('<meta charset="utf-8">')
+        assert "var widget = new Cesium.Viewer" in rendered_html
+        assert " widget.entities.add({position: widget" in rendered_html
+        assert (
+            f"widget.entities.add({{position: widget.{celestial_body_name.lower()}_direction_position"
+            in rendered_html
+        )
+        assert rendered_html.endswith("</script>")
+
+    def test_add_ground_tracks_success(
+        self,
+        viewer: Viewer,
+        orbit: Orbit,
+    ):
+        viewer.add_ground_tracks(profile_or_trajectory=orbit)
+
+        rendered_html: str = viewer.render()
+
+        assert rendered_html.startswith('<meta charset="utf-8">')
+        assert "var widget = new Cesium.Viewer" in rendered_html
+        assert "widget.entities.add({polyline:" in rendered_html
+        assert rendered_html.endswith("</script>")
+
     def test_add_target_success(
         self,
         viewer: Viewer,
@@ -260,3 +303,16 @@ class TestViewer:
             in rendered_html
         )
         assert rendered_html.endswith("</script>")
+
+
+def test_compute_celestial_angular_diameter_from_states_success(
+    orbit: Orbit,
+    interval: Interval,
+    environment: Environment,
+) -> None:
+    assert _compute_celestial_angular_diameter_from_states(
+        celestial=environment.access_celestial_object_with_name("Sun"),
+        states=orbit.get_states_at(
+            interval.generate_grid(Duration.seconds(30.0)),
+        ),
+    ).mean() == pytest.approx(0.54, rel=1e-2)

ostk/astrodynamics/viewer.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ except ImportError:
 
 from ostk.mathematics.geometry.d3.transformation.rotation import Quaternion
 
+from ostk.physics.environment.object import Celestial
 from ostk.physics.unit import Length
 from ostk.physics.unit import Angle
 from ostk.physics.time import Instant, Interval, Duration
@@ -23,16 +24,20 @@ from ostk.physics.coordinate import Position
 from ostk.physics.coordinate import Frame
 from ostk.physics.coordinate.spherical import LLA
 
+from ostk.astrodynamics import Trajectory
 from ostk.astrodynamics.flight import Profile
 from ostk.astrodynamics.trajectory import Orbit
 from ostk.astrodynamics.trajectory import State
 
 from .converters import coerce_to_datetime
 from .utilities import lla_from_position
+from .utilities import lla_from_state
+from .utilities import position_from_lla
 
 DEFAULT_SATELLITE_IMAGE: str = (
     "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAAADJSURBVDhPnZHRDcMgEEMZjVEYpaNklIzSEfLfD4qNnXAJSFWfhO7w2Zc0Tf9QG2rXrEzSUeZLOGm47WoH95x3Hl3jEgilvDgsOQUTqsNl68ezEwn1vae6lceSEEYvvWNT/Rxc4CXQNGadho1NXoJ+9iaqc2xi2xbt23PJCDIB6TQjOC6Bho/sDy3fBQT8PrVhibU7yBFcEPaRxOoeTwbwByCOYf9VGp1BYI1BA+EeHhmfzKbBoJEQwn1yzUZtyspIQUha85MpkNIXB7GizqDEECsAAAAASUVORK5CYII="
 )
+DEFAULT_STEP_DURATION: Duration = Duration.seconds(10.0)
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -228,14 +233,7 @@ class Viewer:
         satellite = cesiumpy.Satellite(
             position=_generate_sampled_position_from_llas(instants, llas),
             orientation=_generate_sampled_orientation(states),
-            availability=cesiumpy.TimeIntervalCollection(
-                intervals=[
-                    cesiumpy.TimeInterval(
-                        start=coerce_to_datetime(self._interval.get_start()),
-                        stop=coerce_to_datetime(self._interval.get_end()),
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
+            availability=self._get_availability(),
             model=cesiumpy.IonResource(
                 asset_id=cesium_asset_id or 0
             ),  # TBM: Should be made more robust
@@ -267,6 +265,158 @@ class Viewer:
 
         return self
 
+    def add_celestial_body_direction(
+        self,
+        profile_or_trajectory: Profile | Trajectory,
+        celestial: Celestial,
+        time_step: Duration | None = None,
+        color: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Viewer:
+        """
+        Add the celestial direction to the viewer.
+
+        Args:
+            profile_or_trajectory (Profile | Trajectory): The profile or trajectory to be added.
+            celestial (Celestial, optional): The celestial body to be used.
+            time_step (Duration): The duration of each step in the grid.
+                Default to None. If None, the default step duration is used.
+            color (str, optional): The color of the celestial body direction.
+                Defaults to None. If None, the color depends on the celestial body (for the Earth, Sun and Moon).
+                Otherwise, use the default color (RED).
+
+        Returns:
+            Viewer: The Viewer.
+        """
+        time_step = time_step or DEFAULT_STEP_DURATION
+        alpha_color: float = 0.5
+        reference_frame: Frame = Frame.GCRF()
+        reference_vector: np.ndarray = np.array([0.0, 0.0, 1.0])
+        instants: list[Instant] = self._interval.generate_grid(time_step)
+        celestial_name: str = str(celestial.access_name())
+
+        if color is None:
+            if celestial_name == "Earth":
+                color = cesiumpy.color.BLUE
+            elif celestial_name == "Moon":
+                color = cesiumpy.color.GREY
+            elif celestial_name == "Sun":
+                color = cesiumpy.color.YELLOW
+            else:
+                color = cesiumpy.color.RED
+
+            # Apply an alpha to the color
+            color = color.with_alpha(alpha_color)
+
+        def _create_celestial_body_direction_state(
+            satellite_state: State,
+            reference_frame: Frame = reference_frame,
+            reference_vector: np.ndarray = reference_vector,
+            celestial: Celestial = celestial,
+        ) -> State:
+            state_in_reference_frame: State = satellite_state.in_frame(reference_frame)
+            return State(
+                instant=state_in_reference_frame.get_instant(),
+                position=state_in_reference_frame.get_position(),
+                velocity=state_in_reference_frame.get_velocity(),
+                attitude=Quaternion.shortest_rotation(
+                    first_vector=_compute_celestial_direction_from_state(
+                        state=satellite_state,
+                        celestial=celestial,
+                        frame=reference_frame,
+                    ),
+                    second_vector=reference_vector,
+                ),
+                angular_velocity=np.zeros(3),
+                attitude_frame=reference_frame,
+            )
+
+        celestial_direction_states: list[State] = list(
+            map(
+                _create_celestial_body_direction_state,
+                profile_or_trajectory.get_states_at(instants),
+            )
+        )
+
+        satellite = cesiumpy.Satellite(
+            position=_generate_sampled_position_from_llas(
+                instants=instants,
+                llas=_generate_llas(celestial_direction_states),
+            ),
+            orientation=_generate_sampled_orientation(celestial_direction_states),
+            availability=self._get_availability(),
+        )
+
+        _cesium_from_ostk_sensor(
+            ConicSensor(
+                name=celestial_name.lower() + "_direction",
+                direction=reference_vector,
+                # Compute the half angle from the celestial body diameter
+                half_angle=Angle.degrees(
+                    _compute_celestial_angular_diameter_from_states(
+                        celestial=celestial,
+                        states=celestial_direction_states,
+                    ).mean()
+                    / 2.0
+                ),
+                length=Length.meters(2.0),
+                color=color,
+            )
+        ).render(
+            viewer=self._viewer,
+            satellite=satellite,
+        )
+
+        return self
+
+    def add_ground_tracks(
+        self,
+        profile_or_trajectory: Profile | Trajectory,
+        time_step: Duration | None = None,
+        show_current_position: bool = True,
+    ) -> Viewer:
+        """
+        Add ground tracks to the viewer.
+
+        Args:
+            profile_or_trajectory (Profile | Trajectory): The profile or trajectory to be added.
+            time_step (Duration, optional): The duration of each step in the grid.
+                Default to None. If None, the default step duration is used.
+            show_current_position (bool, optional): Whether to show the current position as a point. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            Viewer: The Viewer.
+        """
+        time_step = time_step or DEFAULT_STEP_DURATION
+
+        instants: list[Instant] = self._interval.generate_grid(time_step)
+        llas: list[LLA] = []
+        ground_track_positions: list[Position] = []
+
+        for state in profile_or_trajectory.get_states_at(instants):
+            satellite_lla: LLA = lla_from_state(state)
+            lla: LLA = LLA(
+                latitude=satellite_lla.get_latitude(),
+                longitude=satellite_lla.get_longitude(),
+                altitude=Length.meters(0.0),
+            )
+            llas.append(lla)
+            ground_track_positions.append(position_from_lla(lla))
+
+        self.add_line(
+            positions=ground_track_positions,
+            size=1,
+            color=cesiumpy.color.GRAY,
+        )
+
+        if show_current_position:
+            self.add_moving_point(
+                instants=instants,
+                llas=llas,
+                color=cesiumpy.color.DARKORANGE,
+            )
+
+        return self
+
     def add_target(
         self,
         position: Position,
@@ -341,6 +491,40 @@ class Viewer:
 
         return self
 
+    def add_moving_point(
+        self,
+        instants: list[Instant],
+        llas: list[LLA],
+        color: str | None = None,
+        size: int | None = None,
+    ) -> Viewer:
+        """
+        Add a moving point to the Viewer.
+
+        Args:
+            instants (list[Instant]): The list of instants.
+            llas (list[LLA]): The list of Longitude, Latitude, Altitude (LLA) coordinates.
+            color (str, optional): The color of the point. Defaults to None. If None, the default color is used.
+            size (int, optional): The size of the point. Defaults to None. If None, the default size is used.
+
+        Returns:
+            Viewer: The Viewer.
+        """
+
+        self._viewer.entities.add(
+            cesiumpy.Point(
+                position=_generate_sampled_position_from_llas(
+                    instants=instants,
+                    llas=llas,
+                ),
+                availability=self._get_availability(),
+                color=color,
+                pixel_size=size,
+            )
+        )
+
+        return self
+
     def add_label(
         self,
         position: Position,
@@ -382,14 +566,21 @@ class Viewer:
 
         return self._viewer.to_html()
 
+    def _get_availability(self) -> cesiumpy.TimeIntervalCollection:
+        """
+        Get the availability of the viewer.
+
+        Returns:
+            cesiumpy.TimeIntervalCollection: The availability of the viewer.
+        """
+        return _cesium_from_ostk_intervals(intervals=[self._interval])
+
     def _repr_html_(self) -> str:
         return self.render()
 
 
 def _generate_llas(states: list[State]) -> list[LLA]:
-    return [
-        lla_from_position(state.get_position(), state.get_instant()) for state in states
-    ]
+    return list(map(lla_from_state, states))
 
 
 def _generate_sampled_position_from_llas(
@@ -454,17 +645,38 @@ def _generate_sampled_position_from_states(
     Returns:
         cesiumpy.SampledPositionProperty: Sampled position property.
     """
+    return _generate_sampled_position_from_positions(
+        instants=[state.get_instant() for state in states],
+        positions=[state.get_position() for state in states],
+    )
+
+
+def _generate_sampled_position_from_positions(
+    instants: list[Instant],
+    positions: list[Position],
+) -> cesiumpy.SampledPositionProperty:
+    """
+    Generate a sampled position property from a list of OSTk positions and instants.
+
+    Args:
+        instants (list[Instant]): A list of OSTk instants.
+        positions (list[Position]): A list of OSTk positions.
+
+    Returns:
+        cesiumpy.SampledPositionProperty: Sampled position property.
+    """
+    frame_itrf: Frame = Frame.ITRF()
 
     return cesiumpy.SampledPositionProperty(
         samples=[
             (
-                coerce_to_datetime(state.get_instant()),
+                coerce_to_datetime(instant),
                 _cesium_from_ostk_position(
-                    position=state.in_frame(Frame.ITRF()).get_position()
+                    position.in_frame(instant=instant, frame=frame_itrf)
                 ),
                 None,
             )
-            for state in states
+            for instant, position in zip(instants, positions)
         ],
     )
 
@@ -547,3 +759,93 @@ def _cesium_from_ostk_sensor(sensor: Sensor) -> cesiumpy.Sensor:
         )
 
     raise NotImplementedError("{sensor.__name__} is not supported yet.")
+
+
+def _compute_celestial_direction_from_state(
+    state: State,
+    celestial: Celestial,
+    frame: Frame | None = None,
+) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    Compute the direction of a celestial body from a state.
+
+    Args:
+        state (State): The state of the observer.
+        celestial (Celestial): The celestial body.
+        frame (Frame): The frame in which the celestial body is expressed.
+            Defaults to None. If None, the GCRF frame is used.
+
+    Returns:
+        np.ndarray: The direction of the celestial body (in meters).
+    """
+    frame = frame or Frame.GCRF()
+    return (
+        celestial.get_position_in(
+            frame=frame,
+            instant=state.get_instant(),
+        )
+        .in_meters()
+        .get_coordinates()
+        - state.get_position()
+        .in_frame(
+            frame=frame,
+            instant=state.get_instant(),
+        )
+        .in_meters()
+        .get_coordinates()
+    )
+
+
+def _compute_celestial_angular_diameter_from_states(
+    celestial: Celestial,
+    states: list[State],
+) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    Compute the angular diameter of a celestial body from the states of an observer.
+
+    Args:
+        celestial (Celestial): The celestial body.
+        states (list[State]): The states of the observer.
+
+    Returns:
+        np.ndarray: The angular diameter of the celestial body (in degrees).
+
+    Reference:
+        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_diameter
+    """
+    celestial_radius_meters: float = float(celestial.get_equatorial_radius().in_meters())
+    celestial_to_observer_meters: np.ndarray = np.zeros((3, len(states)))
+
+    for i, state in enumerate(states):
+        celestial_to_observer_meters[:, i] = (
+            state.in_frame(celestial.access_frame())
+            .get_position()
+            .in_meters()
+            .get_coordinates()
+        )
+    distances: np.ndarray = np.linalg.norm(celestial_to_observer_meters, axis=0)
+    return np.rad2deg(2 * np.arcsin(celestial_radius_meters / distances))
+
+
+def _cesium_from_ostk_intervals(
+    intervals: list[Interval],
+) -> cesiumpy.TimeIntervalCollection:
+    """
+    Convert a list of OSTk intervals into Cesium TimeIntervalCollection.
+
+    Args:
+        intervals (list[Interval]): List of OSTk intervals.
+
+    Returns:
+        cesiumpy.TimeIntervalCollection: Converted intervals.
+    """
+
+    return cesiumpy.TimeIntervalCollection(
+        intervals=[
+            cesiumpy.TimeInterval(
+                start=coerce_to_datetime(interval.get_start()),
+                stop=coerce_to_datetime(interval.get_end()),
+            )
+            for interval in intervals
+        ],
+    )