ominfra 0.0.0.dev117__py3-none-any.whl → 0.0.0.dev119__py3-none-any.whl

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@@ -9,333 +9,396 @@ TODO:
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  https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/journalctl.html
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  Source Options
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- --system, --user :: Show messages from system services and the kernel (with --system). Show messages from service of
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- current user (with --user). If neither is specified, show all messages that the user can see. The
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- --user option affects how --unit= arguments are treated. See --unit=. Note that --user only works if
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- persistent logging is enabled, via the Storage= setting in journald.conf(5).
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- -M, --machine= :: Show messages from a running, local container. Specify a container name to connect to.
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- -m, --merge :: Show entries interleaved from all available journals, including remote ones.
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- -D DIR, --directory=DIR :: Takes a directory path as argument. If specified, journalctl will operate on the specified
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- journal directory DIR instead of the default runtime and system journal paths.
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- -i GLOB, --file=GLOB :: Takes a file glob as an argument. If specified, journalctl will operate on the specified journal
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- files matching GLOB instead of the default runtime and system journal paths. May be specified
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- multiple times, in which case files will be suitably interleaved.
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- --root=ROOT :: Takes a directory path as an argument. If specified, journalctl will operate on journal directories and
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- catalog file hierarchy underneath the specified directory instead of the root directory (e.g.
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- --update-catalog will create ROOT/var/lib/systemd/catalog/database, and journal files under
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- ROOT/run/journal/ or ROOT/var/log/journal/ will be displayed).
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- --image=IMAGE :: Takes a path to a disk image file or block device node. If specified, journalctl will operate on the
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- file system in the indicated disk image. This option is similar to --root=, but operates on file
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- systems stored in disk images or block devices, thus providing an easy way to extract log data from
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- disk images. The disk image should either contain just a file system or a set of file systems within a
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- GPT partition table, following the Discoverable Partitions Specification. For further information on
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- supported disk images, see systemd-nspawn(1)'s switch of the same name.
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- --image-policy=policy :: Takes an image policy string as argument, as per systemd.image-policy(7). The policy is
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- enforced when operating on the disk image specified via --image=, see above. If not specified
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- defaults to the "*" policy, i.e. all recognized file systems in the image are used.
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- --namespace=NAMESPACE :: Takes a journal namespace identifier string as argument. If not specified the data collected by
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- the default namespace is shown. If specified shows the log data of the specified namespace
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- instead. If the namespace is specified as "*" data from all namespaces is shown, interleaved.
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- If the namespace identifier is prefixed with "+" data from the specified namespace and the
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- default namespace is shown, interleaved, but no other. For details about journal namespaces see
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- systemd-journald.service(8).
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+ --system, --user
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+ Show messages from system services and the kernel (with --system). Show messages from service of current user (with
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+ --user). If neither is specified, show all messages that the user can see. The --user option affects how --unit=
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+ arguments are treated. See --unit=. Note that --user only works if persistent logging is enabled, via the Storage=
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+ setting in journald.conf(5).
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+ -M, --machine=
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+ Show messages from a running, local container. Specify a container name to connect to.
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+ -m, --merge
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+ Show entries interleaved from all available journals, including remote ones.
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+ -D DIR, --directory=DIR
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+ Takes a directory path as argument. If specified, journalctl will operate on the specified journal directory DIR
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+ instead of the default runtime and system journal paths.
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+ -i GLOB, --file=GLOB
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+ Takes a file glob as an argument. If specified, journalctl will operate on the specified journal files matching GLOB
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+ instead of the default runtime and system journal paths. May be specified multiple times, in which case files will
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+ be suitably interleaved.
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+ --root=ROOT
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+ Takes a directory path as an argument. If specified, journalctl will operate on journal directories and catalog file
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+ hierarchy underneath the specified directory instead of the root directory (e.g. --update-catalog will create
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+ ROOT/var/lib/systemd/catalog/database, and journal files under ROOT/run/journal/ or ROOT/var/log/journal/ will be
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+ displayed).
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+ --image=IMAGE
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+ Takes a path to a disk image file or block device node. If specified, journalctl will operate on the file system in
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+ the indicated disk image. This option is similar to --root=, but operates on file systems stored in disk images or
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+ block devices, thus providing an easy way to extract log data from disk images. The disk image should either contain
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+ just a file system or a set of file systems within a GPT partition table, following the Discoverable Partitions
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+ Specification. For further information on supported disk images, see systemd-nspawn(1)'s switch of the same name.
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+ --image-policy=policy
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+ Takes an image policy string as argument, as per systemd.image-policy(7). The policy is enforced when operating on
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+ the disk image specified via --image=, see above. If not specified defaults to the "*" policy, i.e. all recognized
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+ file systems in the image are used.
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+ --namespace=NAMESPACE
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+ Takes a journal namespace identifier string as argument. If not specified the data collected by the default
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+ namespace is shown. If specified shows the log data of the specified namespace instead. If the namespace is
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+ specified as "*" data from all namespaces is shown, interleaved. If the namespace identifier is prefixed with "+"
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+ data from the specified namespace and the default namespace is shown, interleaved, but no other. For details about
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+ journal namespaces see systemd-journald.service(8).
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  Filtering Options
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- -S, --since=, -U, --until= :: Start showing entries on or newer than the specified date, or on or older than the
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- specified date, respectively. Date specifications should be of the format
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- "2012-10-30 18:17:16". If the time part is omitted, "00:00:00" is assumed. If only the
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- seconds component is omitted, ":00" is assumed. If the date component is omitted, the
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- current day is assumed. Alternatively the strings "yesterday", "today", "tomorrow" are
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- understood, which refer to 00:00:00 of the day before the current day, the current day, or
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- the day after the current day, respectively. "now" refers to the current time. Finally,
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- relative times may be specified, prefixed with "-" or "+", referring to times before or
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- after the current time, respectively. For complete time and date specification, see
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- systemd.time(7). Note that --output=short-full prints timestamps that follow precisely
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- this format.
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- -c, --cursor= :: Start showing entries from the location in the journal specified by the passed cursor.
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- --after-cursor= :: Start showing entries from the location in the journal after the location specified by the passed
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- cursor. The cursor is shown when the --show-cursor option is used.
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- --cursor-file=FILE :: If FILE exists and contains a cursor, start showing entries after this location. Otherwise show
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- entries according to the other given options. At the end, write the cursor of the last entry to
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- FILE. Use this option to continually read the journal by sequentially calling journalctl.
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- -b [[ID][±offset]|all], --boot[=[ID][±offset]|all] :: Show messages from a specific boot. This will add a match for
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- "_BOOT_ID=". The argument may be empty, in which case logs for the
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- current boot will be shown. If the boot ID is omitted, a positive
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- offset will look up the boots starting from the beginning of the
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- journal, and an equal-or-less-than zero offset will look up boots
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- starting from the end of the journal. Thus, 1 means the first boot
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- found in the journal in chronological order, 2 the second and so
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- on; while -0 is the last boot, -1 the boot before last, and so on.
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- An empty offset is equivalent to specifying -0, except when the
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- current boot is not the last boot (e.g. because --directory= was
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- specified to look at logs from a different machine). If the
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- 32-character ID is specified, it may optionally be followed by
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- offset which identifies the boot relative to the one given by boot
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- ID. Negative values mean earlier boots and positive values mean
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- later boots. If offset is not specified, a value of zero is
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- assumed, and the logs for the boot given by ID are shown. The
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- special argument all can be used to negate the effect of an
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- earlier use of -b.
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- -u, --unit=UNIT|PATTERN :: Show messages for the specified systemd unit UNIT (such as a service unit), or for any of the
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- units matched by PATTERN. If a pattern is specified, a list of unit names found in the
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- journal is compared with the specified pattern and all that match are used. For each unit
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- name, a match is added for messages from the unit ("_SYSTEMD_UNIT=UNIT"), along with
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- additional matches for messages from systemd and messages about coredumps for the specified
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- unit. A match is also added for "_SYSTEMD_SLICE=UNIT", such that if the provided UNIT is a
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- systemd.slice(5) unit, all logs of children of the slice will be shown. With --user, all
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- --unit= arguments will be converted to match user messages as if specified with --user-unit=.
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- This parameter can be specified multiple times.
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- --user-unit= :: Show messages for the specified user session unit. This will add a match for messages from the unit
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- ("_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=" and "_UID=") and additional matches for messages from session systemd and
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- messages about coredumps for the specified unit. A match is also added for "_SYSTEMD_USER_SLICE=UNIT",
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- such that if the provided UNIT is a systemd.slice(5) unit, all logs of children of the unit will be
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- shown. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
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- -t, --identifier=SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER :: Show messages for the specified syslog identifier SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER. This
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- parameter can be specified multiple times.
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- -T, --exclude-identifier=SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER :: Exclude messages for the specified syslog identifier SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER.
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- This parameter can be specified multiple times.
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- -p, --priority= :: Filter output by message priorities or priority ranges. Takes either a single numeric or textual log
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- level (i.e. between 0/"emerg" and 7/"debug"), or a range of numeric/text log levels in the form
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- FROM..TO. The log levels are the usual syslog log levels as documented in syslog(3), i.e. "emerg"
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- (0), "alert" (1), "crit" (2), "err" (3), "warning" (4), "notice" (5), "info" (6), "debug" (7). If a
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- single log level is specified, all messages with this log level or a lower (hence more important) log
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- level are shown. If a range is specified, all messages within the range are shown, including both the
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- start and the end value of the range. This will add "PRIORITY=" matches for the specified priorities.
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- --facility= :: Filter output by syslog facility. Takes a comma-separated list of numbers or facility names. The names
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- are the usual syslog facilities as documented in syslog(3). --facility=help may be used to display a list
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- of known facility names and exit.
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- -g, --grep= :: Filter output to entries where the MESSAGE= field matches the specified regular expression.
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- PERL-compatible regular expressions are used, see pcre2pattern(3) for a detailed description of the
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- syntax. If the pattern is all lowercase, matching is case insensitive. Otherwise, matching is case
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- sensitive. This can be overridden with the --case-sensitive option, see below. When used with --lines=
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- (not prefixed with "+"), --reverse is implied.
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- --case-sensitive[=BOOLEAN] :: Make pattern matching case sensitive or case insensitive.
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- -k, --dmesg :: Show only kernel messages. This implies -b and adds the match "_TRANSPORT=kernel".
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+ -S, --since=, -U, --until=
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+ Start showing entries on or newer than the specified date, or on or older than the specified date, respectively.
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+ Date specifications should be of the format "2012-10-30 18:17:16". If the time part is omitted, "00:00:00" is
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+ assumed. If only the seconds component is omitted, ":00" is assumed. If the date component is omitted, the current
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+ day is assumed. Alternatively the strings "yesterday", "today", "tomorrow" are understood, which refer to 00:00:00
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+ of the day before the current day, the current day, or the day after the current day, respectively. "now" refers to
57
+ the current time. Finally, relative times may be specified, prefixed with "-" or "+", referring to times before or
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+ after the current time, respectively. For complete time and date specification, see systemd.time(7). Note that
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+ --output=short-full prints timestamps that follow precisely this format.
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+ -c, --cursor=
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+ Start showing entries from the location in the journal specified by the passed cursor.
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+ --after-cursor=
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+ Start showing entries from the location in the journal after the location specified by the passed cursor. The cursor
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+ is shown when the --show-cursor option is used.
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+ --cursor-file=FILE
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+ If FILE exists and contains a cursor, start showing entries after this location. Otherwise show entries according to
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+ the other given options. At the end, write the cursor of the last entry to FILE. Use this option to continually read
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+ the journal by sequentially calling journalctl.
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+ -b [[ID][±offset]|all], --boot[=[ID][±offset]|all]
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+ Show messages from a specific boot. This will add a match for "_BOOT_ID=". The argument may be empty, in which case
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+ logs for the current boot will be shown. If the boot ID is omitted, a positive offset will look up the boots
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+ starting from the beginning of the journal, and an equal-or-less-than zero offset will look up boots starting from
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+ the end of the journal. Thus, 1 means the first boot found in the journal in chronological order, 2 the second and
74
+ so on; while -0 is the last boot, -1 the boot before last, and so on. An empty offset is equivalent to specifying
75
+ -0, except when the current boot is not the last boot (e.g. because --directory= was specified to look at logs from
76
+ a different machine). If the 32-character ID is specified, it may optionally be followed by offset which identifies
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+ the boot relative to the one given by boot ID. Negative values mean earlier boots and positive values mean later
78
+ boots. If offset is not specified, a value of zero is assumed, and the logs for the boot given by ID are shown. The
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+ special argument all can be used to negate the effect of an earlier use of -b.
80
+ -u, --unit=UNIT|PATTERN
81
+ Show messages for the specified systemd unit UNIT (such as a service unit), or for any of the units matched by
82
+ PATTERN. If a pattern is specified, a list of unit names found in the journal is compared with the specified pattern
83
+ and all that match are used. For each unit name, a match is added for messages from the unit ("_SYSTEMD_UNIT=UNIT"),
84
+ along with additional matches for messages from systemd and messages about coredumps for the specified unit. A match
85
+ is also added for "_SYSTEMD_SLICE=UNIT", such that if the provided UNIT is a systemd.slice(5) unit, all logs of
86
+ children of the slice will be shown. With --user, all --unit= arguments will be converted to match user messages as
87
+ if specified with --user-unit=. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
88
+ --user-unit=
89
+ Show messages for the specified user session unit. This will add a match for messages from the unit
90
+ ("_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=" and "_UID=") and additional matches for messages from session systemd and messages about
91
+ coredumps for the specified unit. A match is also added for "_SYSTEMD_USER_SLICE=UNIT", such that if the provided
92
+ UNIT is a systemd.slice(5) unit, all logs of children of the unit will be shown. This parameter can be specified
93
+ multiple times.
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+ -t, --identifier=SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER
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+ Show messages for the specified syslog identifier SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
96
+ -T, --exclude-identifier=SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER
97
+ Exclude messages for the specified syslog identifier SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER. This parameter can be specified multiple
98
+ times.
99
+ -p, --priority=
100
+ Filter output by message priorities or priority ranges. Takes either a single numeric or textual log level (i.e.
101
+ between 0/"emerg" and 7/"debug"), or a range of numeric/text log levels in the form FROM..TO. The log levels are the
102
+ usual syslog log levels as documented in syslog(3), i.e. "emerg" (0), "alert" (1), "crit" (2), "err" (3), "warning"
103
+ (4), "notice" (5), "info" (6), "debug" (7). If a single log level is specified, all messages with this log level or
104
+ a lower (hence more important) log level are shown. If a range is specified, all messages within the range are
105
+ shown, including both the start and the end value of the range. This will add "PRIORITY=" matches for the specified
106
+ priorities.
107
+ --facility=
108
+ Filter output by syslog facility. Takes a comma-separated list of numbers or facility names. The names are the usual
109
+ syslog facilities as documented in syslog(3). --facility=help may be used to display a list of known facility names
110
+ and exit.
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+ -g, --grep=
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+ Filter output to entries where the MESSAGE= field matches the specified regular expression. PERL-compatible regular
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+ expressions are used, see pcre2pattern(3) for a detailed description of the syntax. If the pattern is all lowercase,
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+ matching is case insensitive. Otherwise, matching is case sensitive. This can be overridden with the
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+ --case-sensitive option, see below. When used with --lines= (not prefixed with "+"), --reverse is implied.
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+ --case-sensitive[=BOOLEAN]
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+ Make pattern matching case sensitive or case insensitive.
118
+ -k, --dmesg
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+ Show only kernel messages. This implies -b and adds the match "_TRANSPORT=kernel".
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  Output Options
116
- -o, --output= :: Controls the formatting of the journal entries that are shown. Takes one of the following options:
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- short :: is the default and generates an output that is mostly identical to the formatting of classic syslog files,
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- showing one line per journal entry.
119
- short-full :: is very similar, but shows timestamps in the format the --since= and --until= options accept. Unlike the
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- timestamp information shown in short output mode this mode includes weekday, year and timezone
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- information in the output, and is locale-independent.
122
- short-iso :: is very similar, but shows timestamps in the RFC 3339 profile of ISO 8601.
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- short-iso-precise :: as for short-iso but includes full microsecond precision.
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- short-precise :: is very similar, but shows classic syslog timestamps with full microsecond precision.
125
- short-monotonic :: is very similar, but shows monotonic timestamps instead of wallclock timestamps.
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- short-delta :: as for short-monotonic but includes the time difference to the previous entry. Maybe unreliable time
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- differences are marked by a "*".
128
- short-unix :: is very similar, but shows seconds passed since January 1st 1970 UTC instead of wallclock timestamps
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- ("UNIX time"). The time is shown with microsecond accuracy.
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- verbose :: shows the full-structured entry items with all fields.
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- export :: serializes the journal into a binary (but mostly text-based) stream suitable for backups and network
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+ -o, --output=
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+ Controls the formatting of the journal entries that are shown. Takes one of the following options:
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+ short
125
+ is the default and generates an output that is mostly identical to the formatting of classic syslog files,
126
+ showing one line per journal entry.
127
+ short-full
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+ is very similar, but shows timestamps in the format the --since= and --until= options accept. Unlike the
129
+ timestamp information shown in short output mode this mode includes weekday, year and timezone information
130
+ in the output, and is locale-independent.
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+ short-iso
132
+ is very similar, but shows timestamps in the RFC 3339 profile of ISO 8601.
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+ short-iso-precise
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+ as for short-iso but includes full microsecond precision.
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+ short-precise
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+ is very similar, but shows classic syslog timestamps with full microsecond precision.
137
+ short-monotonic
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+ is very similar, but shows monotonic timestamps instead of wallclock timestamps.
139
+ short-delta
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+ as for short-monotonic but includes the time difference to the previous entry. Maybe unreliable time
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+ differences are marked by a "*".
142
+ short-unix
143
+ is very similar, but shows seconds passed since January 1st 1970 UTC instead of wallclock timestamps ("UNIX
144
+ time"). The time is shown with microsecond accuracy.
145
+ verbose
146
+ shows the full-structured entry items with all fields.
147
+ export
148
+ serializes the journal into a binary (but mostly text-based) stream suitable for backups and network
132
149
  transfer (see Journal Export Format for more information). To import the binary stream back into native
133
150
  journald format use systemd-journal-remote(8).
134
- json :: formats entries as JSON objects, separated by newline characters (see Journal JSON Format for more
135
- information). Field values are generally encoded as JSON strings, with three exceptions: Fields larger than
136
- 4096 bytes are encoded as null values. (This may be turned off by passing --all, but be aware that this may
137
- allocate overly long JSON objects.) Journal entries permit non-unique fields within the same log entry. JSON
138
- does not allow non-unique fields within objects. Due to this, if a non-unique field is encountered a JSON
139
- array is used as field value, listing all field values as elements. Fields containing non-printable or
140
- non-UTF8 bytes are encoded as arrays containing the raw bytes individually formatted as unsigned numbers. Note
141
- that this encoding is reversible (with the exception of the size limit).
142
- json-pretty :: formats entries as JSON data structures, but formats them in multiple lines in order to make them more
143
- readable by humans.
144
- json-sse :: formats entries as JSON data structures, but wraps them in a format suitable for Server-Sent Events.
145
- json-seq :: formats entries as JSON data structures, but prefixes them with an ASCII Record Separator character (0x1E)
146
- and suffixes them with an ASCII Line Feed character (0x0A), in accordance with JavaScript Object Notation
147
- (JSON) Text Sequences ("application/json-seq").
148
- cat :: generates a very terse output, only showing the actual message of each journal entry with no metadata, not even
149
- a timestamp. If combined with the --output-fields= option will output the listed fields for each log record,
150
- instead of the message.
151
- with-unit :: similar to short-full, but prefixes the unit and user unit names instead of the traditional syslog
152
- identifier. Useful when using templated instances, as it will include the arguments in the unit names.
153
- --truncate-newline :: Truncate each log message at the first newline character on output, so that only the first line of
154
- each message is displayed.
155
- --output-fields= :: A comma separated list of the fields which should be included in the output. This has an effect only
156
- for the output modes which would normally show all fields (verbose, export, json, json-pretty,
157
- json-sse and json-seq), as well as on cat. For the former, the "__CURSOR", "__REALTIME_TIMESTAMP",
158
- "__MONOTONIC_TIMESTAMP", and "_BOOT_ID" fields are always printed.
159
- -n, --lines= :: Show the most recent journal events and limit the number of events shown. The argument is a positive
160
- integer or "all" to disable the limit. Additionally, if the number is prefixed with "+", the oldest
161
- journal events are used instead. The default value is 10 if no argument is given. If --follow is used,
162
- this option is implied. When not prefixed with "+" and used with --grep=, --reverse is implied.
163
- -r, --reverse :: Reverse output so that the newest entries are displayed first.
164
- --show-cursor :: The cursor is shown after the last entry after two dashes:
165
- -- cursor: s=0639… :: The format of the cursor is private and subject to change.
166
- --utc :: Express time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
167
- -x, --catalog :: Augment log lines with explanation texts from the message catalog. This will add explanatory help texts
168
- to log messages in the output where this is available. These short help texts will explain the context
169
- of an error or log event, possible solutions, as well as pointers to support forums, developer
170
- documentation, and any other relevant manuals. Note that help texts are not available for all messages,
171
- but only for selected ones. For more information on the message catalog, see Journal Message Catalogs.
172
- Note: when attaching journalctl output to bug reports, please do not use -x.
173
- --no-hostname :: Don't show the hostname field of log messages originating from the local host. This switch has an
174
- effect only on the short family of output modes (see above). Note: this option does not remove
175
- occurrences of the hostname from log entries themselves, so it does not prevent the hostname from being
176
- visible in the logs.
177
- --no-full, --full, -l :: Ellipsize fields when they do not fit in available columns. The default is to show full fields,
178
- allowing them to wrap or be truncated by the pager, if one is used. The old options -l/--full
179
- are not useful anymore, except to undo --no-full.
180
- -a, --all :: Show all fields in full, even if they include unprintable characters or are very long. By default, fields
181
- with unprintable characters are abbreviated as "blob data". (Note that the pager may escape unprintable
182
- characters again.)
183
- -f, --follow :: Show only the most recent journal entries, and continuously print new entries as they are appended to
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- the journal.
185
- --no-tail :: Show all stored output lines, even in follow mode. Undoes the effect of --lines=.
186
- -q, --quiet :: Suppresses all informational messages (i.e. "-- Journal begins at …", "-- Reboot --"), any warning
187
- messages regarding inaccessible system journals when run as a normal user.
151
+ json
152
+ formats entries as JSON objects, separated by newline characters (see Journal JSON Format for more
153
+ information). Field values are generally encoded as JSON strings, with three exceptions: Fields larger than
154
+ 4096 bytes are encoded as null values. (This may be turned off by passing --all, but be aware that this may
155
+ allocate overly long JSON objects.) Journal entries permit non-unique fields within the same log entry. JSON
156
+ does not allow non-unique fields within objects. Due to this, if a non-unique field is encountered a JSON
157
+ array is used as field value, listing all field values as elements. Fields containing non-printable or
158
+ non-UTF8 bytes are encoded as arrays containing the raw bytes individually formatted as unsigned numbers.
159
+ Note that this encoding is reversible (with the exception of the size limit).
160
+ json-pretty
161
+ formats entries as JSON data structures, but formats them in multiple lines in order to make them more
162
+ readable by humans.
163
+ json-sse
164
+ formats entries as JSON data structures, but wraps them in a format suitable for Server-Sent Events.
165
+ json-seq
166
+ formats entries as JSON data structures, but prefixes them with an ASCII Record Separator character (0x1E)
167
+ and suffixes them with an ASCII Line Feed character (0x0A), in accordance with JavaScript Object Notation
168
+ (JSON) Text Sequences ("application/json-seq").
169
+ cat
170
+ generates a very terse output, only showing the actual message of each journal entry with no metadata, not
171
+ even a timestamp. If combined with the --output-fields= option will output the listed fields for each log
172
+ record, instead of the message.
173
+ with-unit
174
+ similar to short-full, but prefixes the unit and user unit names instead of the traditional syslog
175
+ identifier. Useful when using templated instances, as it will include the arguments in the unit names.
176
+ --truncate-newline
177
+ Truncate each log message at the first newline character on output, so that only the first line of each message is
178
+ displayed.
179
+ --output-fields=
180
+ A comma separated list of the fields which should be included in the output. This has an effect only for the output
181
+ modes which would normally show all fields (verbose, export, json, json-pretty, json-sse and json-seq), as well as
182
+ on cat. For the former, the "__CURSOR", "__REALTIME_TIMESTAMP", "__MONOTONIC_TIMESTAMP", and "_BOOT_ID" fields are
183
+ always printed.
184
+ -n, --lines=
185
+ Show the most recent journal events and limit the number of events shown. The argument is a positive integer or
186
+ "all" to disable the limit. Additionally, if the number is prefixed with "+", the oldest journal events are used
187
+ instead. The default value is 10 if no argument is given. If --follow is used, this option is implied. When not
188
+ prefixed with "+" and used with --grep=, --reverse is implied.
189
+ -r, --reverse
190
+ Reverse output so that the newest entries are displayed first.
191
+ --show-cursor
192
+ The cursor is shown after the last entry after two dashes:
193
+ -- cursor: s=0639…
194
+ The format of the cursor is private and subject to change.
195
+ --utc
196
+ Express time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
197
+ -x, --catalog
198
+ Augment log lines with explanation texts from the message catalog. This will add explanatory help texts to log
199
+ messages in the output where this is available. These short help texts will explain the context of an error or log
200
+ event, possible solutions, as well as pointers to support forums, developer documentation, and any other relevant
201
+ manuals. Note that help texts are not available for all messages, but only for selected ones. For more information
202
+ on the message catalog, see Journal Message Catalogs. Note: when attaching journalctl output to bug reports, please
203
+ do not use -x.
204
+ --no-hostname
205
+ Don't show the hostname field of log messages originating from the local host. This switch has an effect only on the
206
+ short family of output modes (see above). Note: this option does not remove occurrences of the hostname from log
207
+ entries themselves, so it does not prevent the hostname from being visible in the logs.
208
+ --no-full, --full, -l
209
+ Ellipsize fields when they do not fit in available columns. The default is to show full fields, allowing them to
210
+ wrap or be truncated by the pager, if one is used. The old options -l/--full are not useful anymore, except to undo
211
+ --no-full.
212
+ -a, --all
213
+ Show all fields in full, even if they include unprintable characters or are very long. By default, fields with
214
+ unprintable characters are abbreviated as "blob data". (Note that the pager may escape unprintable characters
215
+ again.)
216
+ -f, --follow
217
+ Show only the most recent journal entries, and continuously print new entries as they are appended to the journal.
218
+ --no-tail
219
+ Show all stored output lines, even in follow mode. Undoes the effect of --lines=.
220
+ -q, --quiet
221
+ Suppresses all informational messages (i.e. "-- Journal begins at …", "-- Reboot --"), any warning messages
222
+ regarding inaccessible system journals when run as a normal user.
188
223
 
189
224
  Pager Control Options
190
- --no-pager :: Do not pipe output into a pager.
191
- -e, --pager-end :: Immediately jump to the end of the journal inside the implied pager tool. This implies -n1000 to
192
- guarantee that the pager will not buffer logs of unbounded size. This may be overridden with an
193
- explicit -n with some other numeric value, while -nall will disable this cap. Note that this option
194
- is only supported for the less(1) pager.
225
+ --no-pager
226
+ Do not pipe output into a pager.
227
+ -e, --pager-end
228
+ Immediately jump to the end of the journal inside the implied pager tool. This implies -n1000 to guarantee that the
229
+ pager will not buffer logs of unbounded size. This may be overridden with an explicit -n with some other numeric
230
+ value, while -nall will disable this cap. Note that this option is only supported for the less(1) pager.
195
231
 
196
232
  Forward Secure Sealing (FSS) Options
197
- --interval= :: Specifies the change interval for the sealing key when generating an FSS key pair with --setup-keys.
198
- Shorter intervals increase CPU consumption but shorten the time range of undetectable journal
199
- alterations. Defaults to 15min.
200
- --verify-key= :: Specifies the FSS verification key to use for the --verify operation.
201
- --force :: When --setup-keys is passed and Forward Secure Sealing (FSS) has already been configured, recreate FSS keys.
233
+ --interval=
234
+ Specifies the change interval for the sealing key when generating an FSS key pair with --setup-keys. Shorter
235
+ intervals increase CPU consumption but shorten the time range of undetectable journal alterations. Defaults to
236
+ 15min.
237
+ --verify-key=
238
+ Specifies the FSS verification key to use for the --verify operation.
239
+ --force
240
+ When --setup-keys is passed and Forward Secure Sealing (FSS) has already been configured, recreate FSS keys.
202
241
 
203
242
  Commands
204
- -N, --fields :: Print all field names currently used in all entries of the journal.
205
- -F, --field= :: Print all possible data values the specified field can take in all entries of the journal.
206
- --list-boots :: Show a tabular list of boot numbers (relative to the current boot), their IDs, and the timestamps of the
207
- first and last message pertaining to the boot. When specified with -n/--lines=[+]N option, only the
208
- first (when the number prefixed with "+") or the last (without prefix) N entries will be shown. When
209
- specified with -r/--reverse, the list will be shown in the reverse order.
210
- --disk-usage :: Shows the current disk usage of all journal files. This shows the sum of the disk usage of all archived
211
- and active journal files.
243
+ -N, --fields
244
+ Print all field names currently used in all entries of the journal.
245
+ -F, --field=
246
+ Print all possible data values the specified field can take in all entries of the journal.
247
+ --list-boots
248
+ Show a tabular list of boot numbers (relative to the current boot), their IDs, and the timestamps of the first and
249
+ last message pertaining to the boot. When specified with -n/--lines=[+]N option, only the first (when the number
250
+ prefixed with "+") or the last (without prefix) N entries will be shown. When specified with -r/--reverse, the list
251
+ will be shown in the reverse order.
252
+ --disk-usage
253
+ Shows the current disk usage of all journal files. This shows the sum of the disk usage of all archived and active
254
+ journal files.
212
255
  --vacuum-size=, --vacuum-time=, --vacuum-files=
213
- --vacuum-size= :: removes the oldest archived journal files until the disk space they use falls below the specified
214
- size. Accepts the usual "K", "M", "G" and "T" suffixes (to the base of 1024).
215
- --vacuum-time= :: removes archived journal files older than the specified timespan. Accepts the usual "s" (default),
216
- "m", "h", "days", "weeks", "months", and "years" suffixes, see systemd.time(7) for details.
217
- --vacuum-files= :: leaves only the specified number of separate journal files.
218
- Note that running --vacuum-size= has only an indirect effect on the output shown by --disk-usage, as the latter
219
- includes active journal files, while the vacuuming operation only operates on archived journal files. Similarly,
220
- --vacuum-files= might not actually reduce the number of journal files to below the specified number, as it will not
221
- remove active journal files.
222
- --vacuum-size=, --vacuum-time= and --vacuum-files= may be combined in a single invocation to enforce any combination
223
- of a size, a time and a number of files limit on the archived journal files. Specifying any of these three parameters
224
- as zero is equivalent to not enforcing the specific limit, and is thus redundant.
225
- These three switches may also be combined with --rotate into one command. If so, all active files are rotated first,
226
- and the requested vacuuming operation is executed right after. The rotation has the effect that all currently active
227
- files are archived (and potentially new, empty journal files opened as replacement), and hence the vacuuming operation
228
- has the greatest effect as it can take all log data written so far into account.
229
- --verify :: Check the journal file for internal consistency. If the file has been generated with FSS enabled and the FSS
230
- verification key has been specified with --verify-key=, authenticity of the journal file is verified.
231
- --sync :: Asks the journal daemon to write all yet unwritten journal data to the backing file system and synchronize all
232
- journals. This call does not return until the synchronization operation is complete. This command guarantees
233
- that any log messages written before its invocation are safely stored on disk at the time it returns.
234
- --relinquish-var :: Asks the journal daemon for the reverse operation to --flush: if requested the daemon will write
235
- further log data to /run/log/journal/ and stops writing to /var/log/journal/. A subsequent call to
236
- --flush causes the log output to switch back to /var/log/journal/, see above.
237
- --smart-relinquish-var :: Similar to --relinquish-var, but executes no operation if the root file system and
238
- /var/log/journal/ reside on the same mount point. This operation is used during system
239
- shutdown in order to make the journal daemon stop writing data to /var/log/journal/ in case
240
- that directory is located on a mount point that needs to be unmounted.
241
- --flush :: Asks the journal daemon to flush any log data stored in /run/log/journal/ into /var/log/journal/, if
242
- persistent storage is enabled. This call does not return until the operation is complete. Note that this call
243
- is idempotent: the data is only flushed from /run/log/journal/ into /var/log/journal/ once during system
244
- runtime (but see --relinquish-var below), and this command exits cleanly without executing any operation if
245
- this has already happened. This command effectively guarantees that all data is flushed to /var/log/journal/
246
- at the time it returns.
247
- --rotate :: Asks the journal daemon to rotate journal files. This call does not return until the rotation operation is
248
- complete. Journal file rotation has the effect that all currently active journal files are marked as
249
- archived and renamed, so that they are never written to in future. New (empty) journal files are then
250
- created in their place. This operation may be combined with --vacuum-size=, --vacuum-time= and
251
- --vacuum-file= into a single command, see above.
252
- --header :: Instead of showing journal contents, show internal header information of the journal fields accessed. This
253
- option is particularly useful when trying to identify out-of-order journal entries, as happens for example
254
- when the machine is booted with the wrong system time.
255
- --list-catalog [128-bit-ID…] :: List the contents of the message catalog as a table of message IDs, plus their short
256
- description strings. If any 128-bit-IDs are specified, only those entries are shown.
257
- --dump-catalog [128-bit-ID…] :: Show the contents of the message catalog, with entries separated by a line consisting of
258
- two dashes and the ID (the format is the same as .catalog files). If any 128-bit-IDs are
259
- specified, only those entries are shown.
260
- --update-catalog :: Update the message catalog index. This command needs to be executed each time new catalog files are
261
- installed, removed, or updated to rebuild the binary catalog index.
262
- --setup-keys :: Instead of showing journal contents, generate a new key pair for Forward Secure Sealing (FSS). This will
263
- generate a sealing key and a verification key. The sealing key is stored in the journal data directory
264
- and shall remain on the host. The verification key should be stored externally. Refer to the Seal=
265
- option in journald.conf(5) for information on Forward Secure Sealing and for a link to a refereed
266
- scholarly paper detailing the cryptographic theory it is based on.
267
- -h, --help :: Print a short help text and exit.
268
- --version :: Print a short version string and exit.
256
+ --vacuum-size=
257
+ removes the oldest archived journal files until the disk space they use falls below the specified size. Accepts
258
+ the usual "K", "M", "G" and "T" suffixes (to the base of 1024).
259
+ --vacuum-time=
260
+ removes archived journal files older than the specified timespan. Accepts the usual "s" (default), "m", "h",
261
+ "days", "weeks", "months", and "years" suffixes, see systemd.time(7) for details.
262
+ --vacuum-files=
263
+ leaves only the specified number of separate journal files. Note that running --vacuum-size= has only an
264
+ indirect effect on the output shown by --disk-usage, as the latter includes active journal files, while the
265
+ vacuuming operation only operates on archived journal files. Similarly,
266
+ --vacuum-files= might not actually reduce the number of journal files to below the specified number, as it will not
267
+ remove active journal files.
268
+ --vacuum-size=, --vacuum-time= and --vacuum-files= may be combined in a single invocation to enforce any combination
269
+ of a size, a time and a number of files limit on the archived journal files. Specifying any of these three
270
+ parameters as zero is equivalent to not enforcing the specific limit, and is thus redundant.
271
+ These three switches may also be combined with --rotate into one command. If so, all active files are rotated first,
272
+ and the requested vacuuming operation is executed right after. The rotation has the effect that all currently active
273
+ files are archived (and potentially new, empty journal files opened as replacement), and hence the vacuuming
274
+ operation has the greatest effect as it can take all log data written so far into account.
275
+ --verify
276
+ Check the journal file for internal consistency. If the file has been generated with FSS enabled and the FSS
277
+ verification key has been specified with --verify-key=, authenticity of the journal file is verified.
278
+ --sync
279
+ Asks the journal daemon to write all yet unwritten journal data to the backing file system and synchronize all
280
+ journals. This call does not return until the synchronization operation is complete. This command guarantees that
281
+ any log messages written before its invocation are safely stored on disk at the time it returns.
282
+ --relinquish-var
283
+ Asks the journal daemon for the reverse operation to --flush: if requested the daemon will write further log data to
284
+ /run/log/journal/ and stops writing to /var/log/journal/. A subsequent call to --flush causes the log output to
285
+ switch back to /var/log/journal/, see above.
286
+ --smart-relinquish-var
287
+ Similar to --relinquish-var, but executes no operation if the root file system and /var/log/journal/ reside on the
288
+ same mount point. This operation is used during system shutdown in order to make the journal daemon stop writing
289
+ data to /var/log/journal/ in case that directory is located on a mount point that needs to be unmounted.
290
+ --flush
291
+ Asks the journal daemon to flush any log data stored in /run/log/journal/ into /var/log/journal/, if persistent
292
+ storage is enabled. This call does not return until the operation is complete. Note that this call is idempotent:
293
+ the data is only flushed from /run/log/journal/ into /var/log/journal/ once during system runtime (but see
294
+ --relinquish-var below), and this command exits cleanly without executing any operation if this has already
295
+ happened. This command effectively guarantees that all data is flushed to /var/log/journal/ at the time it returns.
296
+ --rotate
297
+ Asks the journal daemon to rotate journal files. This call does not return until the rotation operation is complete.
298
+ Journal file rotation has the effect that all currently active journal files are marked as archived and renamed, so
299
+ that they are never written to in future. New (empty) journal files are then created in their place. This operation
300
+ may be combined with --vacuum-size=, --vacuum-time= and --vacuum-file= into a single command, see above.
301
+ --header
302
+ Instead of showing journal contents, show internal header information of the journal fields accessed. This option is
303
+ particularly useful when trying to identify out-of-order journal entries, as happens for example when the machine is
304
+ booted with the wrong system time.
305
+ --list-catalog [128-bit-ID…]
306
+ List the contents of the message catalog as a table of message IDs, plus their short description strings. If any
307
+ 128-bit-IDs are specified, only those entries are shown.
308
+ --dump-catalog [128-bit-ID…]
309
+ Show the contents of the message catalog, with entries separated by a line consisting of two dashes and the ID (the
310
+ format is the same as .catalog files). If any 128-bit-IDs are specified, only those entries are shown.
311
+ --update-catalog
312
+ Update the message catalog index. This command needs to be executed each time new catalog files are installed,
313
+ removed, or updated to rebuild the binary catalog index.
314
+ --setup-keys
315
+ Instead of showing journal contents, generate a new key pair for Forward Secure Sealing (FSS). This will generate a
316
+ sealing key and a verification key. The sealing key is stored in the journal data directory and shall remain on the
317
+ host. The verification key should be stored externally. Refer to the Seal= option in journald.conf(5) for
318
+ information on Forward Secure Sealing and for a link to a refereed scholarly paper detailing the cryptographic
319
+ theory it is based on.
320
+ -h, --help
321
+ Print a short help text and exit.
322
+ --version
323
+ Print a short version string and exit.
269
324
 
270
325
  Environment
271
- $SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL :: The maximum log level of emitted messages (messages with a higher log level, i.e. less important
272
- ones, will be suppressed). Takes a comma-separated list of values. A value may be either one of
273
- (in order of decreasing importance) emerg, alert, crit, err, warning, notice, info, debug, or an
274
- integer in the range 0…7. See syslog(3) for more information. Each value may optionally be
275
- prefixed with one of console, syslog, kmsg or journal followed by a colon to set the maximum log
276
- level for that specific log target (e.g. SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug,console:info specifies to log at
277
- debug level except when logging to the console which should be at info level). Note that the
278
- global maximum log level takes priority over any per target maximum log levels.
279
- $SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR :: A boolean. If true, messages written to the tty will be colored according to priority. This
280
- setting is only useful when messages are written directly to the terminal, because journalctl(1)
281
- and other tools that display logs will color messages based on the log level on their own.
282
- $SYSTEMD_LOG_TIME :: A boolean. If true, console log messages will be prefixed with a timestamp. This setting is only
283
- useful when messages are written directly to the terminal or a file, because journalctl(1) and
284
- other tools that display logs will attach timestamps based on the entry metadata on their own.
285
- $SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION :: A boolean. If true, messages will be prefixed with a filename and line number in the source
286
- code where the message originates. Note that the log location is often attached as metadata to
287
- journal entries anyway. Including it directly in the message text can nevertheless be
288
- convenient when debugging programs.
289
- $SYSTEMD_LOG_TID :: A boolean. If true, messages will be prefixed with the current numerical thread ID (TID). Note that
290
- the this information is attached as metadata to journal entries anyway. Including it directly in the
291
- message text can nevertheless be convenient when debugging programs.
292
- $SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET :: The destination for log messages. One of console (log to the attached tty), console-prefixed (log
293
- to the attached tty but with prefixes encoding the log level and "facility", see syslog(3), kmsg
294
- (log to the kernel circular log buffer), journal (log to the journal), journal-or-kmsg (log to
295
- the journal if available, and to kmsg otherwise), auto (determine the appropriate log target
296
- automatically, the default), null (disable log output).
297
- $SYSTEMD_LOG_RATELIMIT_KMSG :: Whether to ratelimit kmsg or not. Takes a boolean. Defaults to "true". If disabled,
298
- systemd will not ratelimit messages written to kmsg.
299
- $SYSTEMD_PAGER :: Pager to use when --no-pager is not given; overrides $PAGER. If neither $SYSTEMD_PAGER nor $PAGER are
300
- set, a set of well-known pager implementations are tried in turn, including less(1) and more(1), until
301
- one is found. If no pager implementation is discovered no pager is invoked. Setting this environment
302
- variable to an empty string or the value "cat" is equivalent to passing --no-pager. Note: if
303
- $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE is not set, $SYSTEMD_PAGER (as well as $PAGER) will be silently ignored.
304
- $SYSTEMD_LESS :: Override the options passed to less (by default "FRSXMK"). Users might want to change two options in
305
- particular:
306
- K :: This option instructs the pager to exit immediately when Ctrl+C is pressed. To allow less to handle Ctrl+C itself
307
- to switch back to the pager command prompt, unset this option. If the value of $SYSTEMD_LESS does not include
308
- "K", and the pager that is invoked is less, Ctrl+C will be ignored by the executable, and needs to be handled by
309
- the pager.
310
- X :: This option instructs the pager to not send termcap initialization and deinitialization strings to the terminal.
311
- It is set by default to allow command output to remain visible in the terminal even after the pager exits.
312
- Nevertheless, this prevents some pager functionality from working, in particular paged output cannot be scrolled
313
- with the mouse. Note that setting the regular $LESS environment variable has no effect for less invocations by
314
- systemd tools.
315
- $SYSTEMD_LESSCHARSET :: Override the charset passed to less (by default "utf-8", if the invoking terminal is determined
316
- to be UTF-8 compatible). Note that setting the regular $LESSCHARSET environment variable has no
317
- effect for less invocations by systemd tools.
318
- $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE :: Takes a boolean argument. When true, the "secure" mode of the pager is enabled; if false,
319
- disabled. If $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE is not set at all, secure mode is enabled if the effective UID
320
- is not the same as the owner of the login session, see geteuid(2) and sd_pid_get_owner_uid(3).
321
- In secure mode, LESSSECURE=1 will be set when invoking the pager, and the pager shall disable
322
- commands that open or create new files or start new subprocesses. When $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE is
323
- not set at all, pagers which are not known to implement secure mode will not be used. (Currently
324
- only less(1) implements secure mode.) Note: when commands are invoked with elevated privileges,
325
- for example under sudo(8) or pkexec(1), care must be taken to ensure that unintended interactive
326
- features are not enabled. "Secure" mode for the pager may be enabled automatically as describe
327
- above. Setting SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE=0 or not removing it from the inherited environment allows
328
- the user to invoke arbitrary commands. Note that if the $SYSTEMD_PAGER or $PAGER variables are
329
- to be honoured, $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE must be set too. It might be reasonable to completely
330
- disable the pager using --no-pager instead.
331
- $SYSTEMD_COLORS :: Takes a boolean argument. When true, systemd and related utilities will use colors in their output,
332
- otherwise the output will be monochrome. Additionally, the variable can take one of the following
333
- special values: "16", "256" to restrict the use of colors to the base 16 or 256 ANSI colors,
334
- respectively. This can be specified to override the automatic decision based on $TERM and what the
335
- console is connected to.
336
- $SYSTEMD_URLIFY :: The value must be a boolean. Controls whether clickable links should be generated in the output for
337
- terminal emulators supporting this. This can be specified to override the decision that systemd makes
338
- based on $TERM and other conditions.
326
+ $SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL
327
+ The maximum log level of emitted messages (messages with a higher log level, i.e. less important ones, will be
328
+ suppressed). Takes a comma-separated list of values. A value may be either one of (in order of decreasing
329
+ importance) emerg, alert, crit, err, warning, notice, info, debug, or an integer in the range 0…7. See syslog(3) for
330
+ more information. Each value may optionally be prefixed with one of console, syslog, kmsg or journal followed by a
331
+ colon to set the maximum log level for that specific log target (e.g. SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug,console:info specifies
332
+ to log at debug level except when logging to the console which should be at info level). Note that the global
333
+ maximum log level takes priority over any per target maximum log levels.
334
+ $SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR
335
+ A boolean. If true, messages written to the tty will be colored according to priority. This setting is only useful
336
+ when messages are written directly to the terminal, because journalctl(1) and other tools that display logs will
337
+ color messages based on the log level on their own.
338
+ $SYSTEMD_LOG_TIME
339
+ A boolean. If true, console log messages will be prefixed with a timestamp. This setting is only useful when
340
+ messages are written directly to the terminal or a file, because journalctl(1) and other tools that display logs
341
+ will attach timestamps based on the entry metadata on their own.
342
+ $SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION
343
+ A boolean. If true, messages will be prefixed with a filename and line number in the source code where the message
344
+ originates. Note that the log location is often attached as metadata to journal entries anyway. Including it
345
+ directly in the message text can nevertheless be convenient when debugging programs.
346
+ $SYSTEMD_LOG_TID
347
+ A boolean. If true, messages will be prefixed with the current numerical thread ID (TID). Note that the this
348
+ information is attached as metadata to journal entries anyway. Including it directly in the message text can
349
+ nevertheless be convenient when debugging programs.
350
+ $SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET
351
+ The destination for log messages. One of console (log to the attached tty), console-prefixed (log to the attached
352
+ tty but with prefixes encoding the log level and "facility", see syslog(3), kmsg (log to the kernel circular log
353
+ buffer), journal (log to the journal), journal-or-kmsg (log to the journal if available, and to kmsg otherwise),
354
+ auto (determine the appropriate log target automatically, the default), null (disable log output).
355
+ $SYSTEMD_LOG_RATELIMIT_KMSG
356
+ Whether to ratelimit kmsg or not. Takes a boolean. Defaults to "true". If disabled, systemd will not ratelimit
357
+ messages written to kmsg.
358
+ $SYSTEMD_PAGER
359
+ Pager to use when --no-pager is not given; overrides $PAGER. If neither $SYSTEMD_PAGER nor $PAGER are set, a set of
360
+ well-known pager implementations are tried in turn, including less(1) and more(1), until one is found. If no pager
361
+ implementation is discovered no pager is invoked. Setting this environment variable to an empty string or the value
362
+ "cat" is equivalent to passing --no-pager. Note: if $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE is not set, $SYSTEMD_PAGER (as well as
363
+ $PAGER) will be silently ignored.
364
+ $SYSTEMD_LESS
365
+ Override the options passed to less (by default "FRSXMK"). Users might want to change two options in particular:
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+ K
367
+ This option instructs the pager to exit immediately when Ctrl+C is pressed. To allow less to handle Ctrl+C
368
+ itself to switch back to the pager command prompt, unset this option. If the value of $SYSTEMD_LESS does not
369
+ include "K", and the pager that is invoked is less, Ctrl+C will be ignored by the executable, and needs to
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+ be handled by the pager.
371
+ X
372
+ This option instructs the pager to not send termcap initialization and deinitialization strings to the
373
+ terminal. It is set by default to allow command output to remain visible in the terminal even after the
374
+ pager exits. Nevertheless, this prevents some pager functionality from working, in particular paged output
375
+ cannot be scrolled with the mouse. Note that setting the regular $LESS environment variable has no effect
376
+ for less invocations by systemd tools.
377
+ $SYSTEMD_LESSCHARSET
378
+ Override the charset passed to less (by default "utf-8", if the invoking terminal is determined to be UTF-8
379
+ compatible). Note that setting the regular $LESSCHARSET environment variable has no effect for less invocations by
380
+ systemd tools.
381
+ $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE
382
+ Takes a boolean argument. When true, the "secure" mode of the pager is enabled; if false, disabled. If
383
+ $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE is not set at all, secure mode is enabled if the effective UID is not the same as the owner of
384
+ the login session, see geteuid(2) and sd_pid_get_owner_uid(3). In secure mode, LESSSECURE=1 will be set when
385
+ invoking the pager, and the pager shall disable commands that open or create new files or start new subprocesses.
386
+ When $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE is not set at all, pagers which are not known to implement secure mode will not be used.
387
+ (Currently only less(1) implements secure mode.) Note: when commands are invoked with elevated privileges, for
388
+ example under sudo(8) or pkexec(1), care must be taken to ensure that unintended interactive features are not
389
+ enabled. "Secure" mode for the pager may be enabled automatically as describe above. Setting SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE=0
390
+ or not removing it from the inherited environment allows the user to invoke arbitrary commands. Note that if the
391
+ $SYSTEMD_PAGER or $PAGER variables are to be honoured, $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE must be set too. It might be reasonable
392
+ to completely disable the pager using --no-pager instead.
393
+ $SYSTEMD_COLORS
394
+ Takes a boolean argument. When true, systemd and related utilities will use colors in their output, otherwise the
395
+ output will be monochrome. Additionally, the variable can take one of the following special values: "16", "256" to
396
+ restrict the use of colors to the base 16 or 256 ANSI colors, respectively. This can be specified to override the
397
+ automatic decision based on $TERM and what the console is connected to.
398
+ $SYSTEMD_URLIFY
399
+ The value must be a boolean. Controls whether clickable links should be generated in the output for terminal
400
+ emulators supporting this. This can be specified to override the decision that systemd makes based on $TERM and
401
+ other conditions.
339
402
  """
340
403
  import fcntl
341
404
  import os.path