octopi 1.1__py3-none-any.whl → 1.2.0__py3-none-any.whl

octopi/pytorch/segmentation.py

@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@ from monai.data import MetaTensor
 from monai.transforms import (
     Compose, AsDiscrete, Activations
 )
-import octopi.processing.writers as write
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+from octopi.datasets import io as dataio
+from copick_utils.io import writers
 from octopi.models import common
-from typing import List, Optional
 import torch, copick, gc, os
-from octopi import io, utils
+from octopi.utils import io
 from tqdm import tqdm
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -17,20 +18,14 @@ class Predictor:
 
     def __init__(self, 
                  config: str,
-                 model_config: str,
-                 model_weights: str,
+                 model_config: Union[str, List[str]],
+                 model_weights: Union[str, List[str]],
                  apply_tta: bool = True,
                  device: Optional[str] = None):
 
+        # Open the Copick Project
         self.config = config
         self.root = copick.from_file(config)
-
-        # Load the model config
-        model_config = utils.load_yaml(model_config)
-
-        self.Nclass = model_config['model']['num_classes']     
-        self.dim_in = model_config['model']['dim_in']
-        self.input_dim = None
         
         # Get the number of GPUs available
         num_gpus = torch.cuda.device_count()
@@ -44,109 +39,147 @@ class Predictor:
             self.device = device
         print('Running Inference On: ', self.device)
 
-        # Check to see if the model weights file exists
-        if not os.path.exists(model_weights):
-            raise ValueError(f"Model weights file does not exist: {model_weights}")
+        # Initialize TTA if enabled
+        self.apply_tta = apply_tta
+        self.create_tta_augmentations() 
 
-        # Load the model weights
-        model_builder = common.get_model(model_config['model']['architecture'])
-        model_builder.build_model(model_config['model'])
-        self.model = model_builder.model
-        state_dict = torch.load(model_weights, map_location=self.device, weights_only=True)
-        self.model.load_state_dict(state_dict)
-        self.model.to(self.device)
-        self.model.eval()
+        # Determine if Model Soup is Enabled
+        if isinstance(model_weights, str):
+            model_weights = [model_weights]
+        self.apply_modelsoup = len(model_weights) > 1
 
-       # Initialize TTA if enabled
-        self.apply_tta = apply_tta
-        if self.apply_tta: 
-            self.create_tta_augmentations() 
-            # self.post_transforms = Compose([
-            #     Activations(softmax=True)  # Keep probability output
-            # ])
-            self.softmax_transform = Compose([
-                Activations(softmax=True)  # Keep probability output
-            ])
+        # Handle Single Model Config or Multiple Model Configs
+        if isinstance(model_config, str):
+            model_config = [model_config] * len(model_weights)
+        elif len(model_config) != len(model_weights):
+            raise ValueError("Number of model configs must match number of model weights.")
+
+        # Load the model(s)
+        self._load_models(model_config, model_weights)    
+
+    def _load_models(self, model_config: List[str], model_weights: List[str]):
+        """Load a single model or multiple models for soup."""
+        
+        self.models = []
+        for i, (config_path, weights_path) in enumerate(zip(model_config, model_weights)):
+
+            # Load the Model Config and Model Builder
+            current_modelconfig = io.load_yaml(config_path)
+            model_builder = common.get_model(current_modelconfig['model']['architecture'])
+
+            # Check if the weights file exists
+            if not os.path.exists(weights_path):    
+                raise ValueError(f"Model weights file does not exist: {weights_path}")
             
-            # Create the final discretization transform
-            self.discretize_transform = AsDiscrete(argmax=True)
-        else:
-            # Define the post-processing transforms
-            self.post_transforms = Compose([
-                Activations(softmax=True),
-                AsDiscrete(argmax=True)
-            ])
+            # Create model
+            model_builder.build_model(current_modelconfig['model'])
+            model = model_builder.model
+            
+            # Load weights
+            state_dict = torch.load(weights_path, map_location=self.device, weights_only=True)
+            model.load_state_dict(state_dict)
+            model.to(self.device)
+            model.eval()
             
+            self.models.append(model)
         
-    def _run_inference(self, input):
-        """Apply sliding window inference to the input."""
-        with torch.no_grad():
-            predictions = sliding_window_inference(
-                inputs=input,
-                roi_size=(self.dim_in, self.dim_in, self.dim_in),
-                sw_batch_size=4,  # one window is proecessed at a time
-                predictor=self.model,
-                overlap=0.5,
-            )
-            return [self.post_transforms(i) for i in decollate_batch(predictions)]
+        # For backward compatibility, also set self.model to the first model
+        self.model = self.models[0]
+
+        # Set the Number of Classes and Input Dimensions - Assume All Models are the Same
+        self.Nclass = current_modelconfig['model']['num_classes']     
+        self.dim_in = current_modelconfig['model']['dim_in']
+        self.input_dim = None
 
-    def _run_inference_tta(self, input_data):
-        """Memory-efficient TTA implementation that returns proper discrete segmentation maps."""
+        # Print a message if Model Soup is Enabled
+        if self.apply_modelsoup:
+            print(f'Model Soup is Enabled : {len(self.models)} models loaded for ensemble inference')
+
+    def _run_single_model_inference(self, model, input_data):
+        """Run sliding window inference on a single model."""
+        return sliding_window_inference(
+            inputs=input_data,
+            roi_size=(self.dim_in, self.dim_in, self.dim_in),
+            sw_batch_size=4,
+            predictor=model,
+            overlap=0.5,
+        )
+
+    def _apply_tta_single_model(self, model, single_sample):
+        """Apply TTA to a single model and single sample."""
+        # Initialize probability accumulator
+        acc_probs = torch.zeros(
+            (1, self.Nclass, *single_sample.shape[2:]), 
+            dtype=torch.float32, device=self.device
+        )
+        
+        # Process each augmentation
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            for tta_transform, inverse_transform in zip(self.tta_transforms, self.inverse_tta_transforms):
+                # Apply transform
+                aug_sample = tta_transform(single_sample)
+                
+                # Run inference
+                predictions = self._run_single_model_inference(model, aug_sample)
+                
+                # Get softmax probabilities
+                probs = torch.softmax(predictions[0], dim=0)
+                
+                # Apply inverse transform
+                inv_probs = inverse_transform(probs)
+                
+                # Accumulate probabilities
+                acc_probs[0] += inv_probs
+                
+                # Clear memory
+                del predictions, probs, inv_probs, aug_sample
+                torch.cuda.empty_cache()
+        
+        # Average accumulated probabilities
+        acc_probs = acc_probs / len(self.tta_transforms)
         
+        return acc_probs[0]  # Return shape [Nclass, Z, Y, X]
+
+    def _run_inference(self, input_data):
+        """
+        Main inference function that handles all combinations - Model Soup and/or TTA
+        """
         batch_size = input_data.shape[0]
         results = []
         
-        # Process one sample at a time
+        # Process one sample at a time for memory efficiency
         for sample_idx in range(batch_size):
-            # Extract single sample
             single_sample = input_data[sample_idx:sample_idx+1]
             
             # Initialize probability accumulator for this sample
-            # Shape: [1, Nclass, Z, Y, X]
             acc_probs = torch.zeros(
-                (1, self.Nclass, *single_sample.shape[2:]), 
+                (self.Nclass, *single_sample.shape[2:]), 
                 dtype=torch.float32, device=self.device
             )
             
-            # Process each augmentation
+            # Process each model
             with torch.no_grad():
-                for tta_transform, inverse_transform in zip(self.tta_transforms, self.inverse_tta_transforms):
-                    # Apply transform to single sample
-                    aug_sample = tta_transform(single_sample)
+                for model in self.models:
+                    # Apply TTA with this model
+                    if self.apply_tta:
+                        model_probs = self._apply_tta_single_model(model, single_sample)
+                    # Run inference without TTA
+                    else:
+                        predictions = self._run_single_model_inference(model, single_sample)
+                        model_probs = torch.softmax(predictions[0], dim=0)
+                        del predictions
                     
-                    # Free memory
+                    # Accumulate probabilities from this model
+                    acc_probs += model_probs
+                    del model_probs
                     torch.cuda.empty_cache()
-                    
-                    # Run inference (one sample at a time)
-                    predictions = sliding_window_inference(
-                        inputs=aug_sample,
-                        roi_size=(self.dim_in, self.dim_in, self.dim_in),
-                        sw_batch_size=4,  # Process one window at a time
-                        predictor=self.model,
-                        overlap=0.5,
-                    )
-                    
-                    # Get softmax probabilities
-                    probs = self.softmax_transform(predictions[0])  # Get first (only) item
-                    
-                    # Apply inverse transform with correct dimensions
-                    inv_probs = inverse_transform(probs)
-                    
-                    # Accumulate probabilities
-                    acc_probs[0] += inv_probs
-                    
-                    # Clear memory
-                    del predictions, probs, inv_probs, aug_sample
             
-            # Average accumulated probabilities
-            acc_probs = acc_probs / len(self.tta_transforms)
+            # Average probabilities across models (and TTA augmentations if applied)
+            acc_probs = acc_probs / len(self.models)
             
-            # Convert to discrete prediction - get argmax along class dimension
-            # This gives us a tensor of shape [1, Z, Y, X] with discrete class indices
-            discrete_pred = torch.argmax(acc_probs, dim=1)
-            
-            # Add to results - keeping only the spatial dimensions [Z, Y, X]
-            results.append(discrete_pred[0])
+            # Convert to discrete prediction
+            discrete_pred = torch.argmax(acc_probs, dim=0)
+            results.append(discrete_pred)
             
             # Clear memory
             del acc_probs, discrete_pred
@@ -157,38 +190,37 @@ class Predictor:
     def predict_on_gpu(self, 
                         runIDs: List[str],
                         voxel_spacing: float,
-                        tomo_algorithm: str ):
+                        tomo_algorithm: str):
 
         # Load data for the current batch
-        test_loader, test_dataset = io.create_predict_dataloader(
+        test_loader, test_dataset = dataio.create_predict_dataloader(
             self.root,
             voxel_spacing, tomo_algorithm,
             runIDs)
         
         # Determine Input Crop Size.
         if self.input_dim is None:
-            self.input_dim = io.get_input_dimensions(test_dataset, self.dim_in)
+            self.input_dim = dataio.get_input_dimensions(test_dataset, self.dim_in)
         
         predictions = []
         with torch.no_grad():
             for data in tqdm(test_loader):
                 tomogram = data['image'].to(self.device)
-                if self.apply_tta: data['pred'] = self._run_inference_tta(tomogram)
-                else:              data['pred']  = self._run_inference(tomogram)
+                data['pred'] = self._run_inference(tomogram)
+                
                 for idx in range(len(data['image'])):
                     predictions.append(data['pred'][idx].squeeze(0).numpy(force=True)) 
 
         return predictions
 
     def batch_predict(self, 
-                      num_tomos_per_batch = 15, 
-                      runIDs: Optional[str] = None,
+                      num_tomos_per_batch: int = 15, 
+                      runIDs: Optional[List[str]] = None,
                       voxel_spacing: float = 10,
                       tomo_algorithm: str = 'denoised', 
                       segmentation_name: str = 'prediction',
                       segmentation_user_id: str = 'octopi',
                       segmentation_session_id: str = '0'):
-
         """Run inference on tomograms in batches."""                          
         
         # If runIDs are not provided, load all runs
@@ -201,10 +233,9 @@ class Predictor:
 
         # Iterate over batches of runIDs
         for i in range(0, len(runIDs), num_tomos_per_batch):
-
             # Get a batch of runIDs
             batch_ids = runIDs[i:i + num_tomos_per_batch]  
-            print('Running Inference on the Follow RunIDs: ', batch_ids)
+            print('Running Inference on the Following RunIDs: ', batch_ids)
 
             predictions = self.predict_on_gpu(batch_ids, voxel_spacing, tomo_algorithm)
 
@@ -212,7 +243,7 @@ class Predictor:
             for ind in range(len(batch_ids)):
                 run = self.root.get_run(batch_ids[ind])
                 seg = predictions[ind]
-                write.segmentation(run, seg, segmentation_user_id, segmentation_name, 
+                writers.segmentation(run, seg, segmentation_user_id, segmentation_name, 
                                    segmentation_session_id, voxel_spacing)
 
             # After processing and saving predictions for a batch:
@@ -224,98 +255,18 @@ class Predictor:
 
     def create_tta_augmentations(self):
         """Define TTA augmentations and inverse transforms."""
-
-        # Instead of Flip lets rotate around the first axis 3 times (90,180,270)
+        # Rotate around the YZ plane (dims 3,4 for input, dims 2,3 for output)
         self.tta_transforms = [
-            lambda x: x,                    # Identity (no augmentation)
-            lambda x: torch.rot90(x, k=1, dims=(3, 4)),  # 90° rotation
-            lambda x: torch.rot90(x, k=2, dims=(3, 4)),  # 180° rotation
-            lambda x: torch.rot90(x, k=3, dims=(3, 4)),  # 270° rotation
-            # lambda x: torch.flip(x, dims=(3,)),        # Flip along height (spatial_axis=1)
-            # lambda x: torch.flip(x, dims=(4,)),        # Flip along width (spatial_axis=2)  
-            # lambda x: torch.flip(x, dims=(3, 4)),      # Flip along both height and width
+            lambda x: x,                                    # Identity (no augmentation)
+            lambda x: torch.rot90(x, k=1, dims=(3, 4)),   # 90° rotation
+            lambda x: torch.rot90(x, k=2, dims=(3, 4)),   # 180° rotation
+            lambda x: torch.rot90(x, k=3, dims=(3, 4)),   # 270° rotation
         ]
 
         # Define inverse transformations (flip back to original orientation)
         self.inverse_tta_transforms = [
-            lambda x: x,                           # Identity (no transformation needed)
+            lambda x: x,                                    # Identity (no transformation needed)
             lambda x: torch.rot90(x, k=-1, dims=(2, 3)),  # Inverse of 90° (i.e. -90°)
             lambda x: torch.rot90(x, k=-2, dims=(2, 3)),  # Inverse of 180° (i.e. -180°)
             lambda x: torch.rot90(x, k=-3, dims=(2, 3)),  # Inverse of 270° (i.e. -270°)
-            # lambda x: torch.flip(x, dims=(2,)),        # Same as forward
-            # lambda x: torch.flip(x, dims=(3,)),        # Same as forward
-            # lambda x: torch.flip(x, dims=(2, 3)),      # Same as forward
-        ]
-
-###################################################################################################################################################
-
-class MultiGPUPredictor(Predictor):
-
-    def __init__(self, 
-                 config: str,
-                 model_config: str,
-                 model_weights: str):
-        super().__init__(config, model_config, model_weights)
-        self.num_gpus = torch.cuda.device_count()
-        if self.num_gpus < 2:
-            raise RuntimeError("MultiGPUPredictor requires at least 2 GPUs.")
-    
-    def predict_on_gpu(self, gpu_id: int, batch_ids: List[str], voxel_spacing: float, tomo_algorithm: str) -> List[np.ndarray]:
-        """Helper function to run inference on a single GPU."""
-        device = torch.device(f'cuda:{gpu_id}')
-        self.model.to(device)
-        
-        # Load data specific to the batch assigned to this GPU
-        test_loader = io.load_predict_data(self.root, batch_ids, voxel_spacing, tomo_algorithm)
-        predictions = []
-        
-        with torch.no_grad():
-            for data in tqdm(test_loader, desc=f"GPU {gpu_id}"):
-                tomogram = data['image'].to(device)
-                data["prediction"] = self.run_inference(tomogram)
-                data = [self.post_processing(i) for i in decollate_batch(data)]
-                for b in data:
-                    predictions.append(b['prediction'].squeeze(0).cpu().numpy())
-                    
-        return predictions
-
-    def multi_gpu_inference(self, 
-                            num_tomos_per_batch: int = 15, 
-                            runIDs: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-                            voxel_spacing: float = 10,
-                            tomo_algorithm: str = 'denoised', 
-                            save: bool = False,
-                            segmentation_name: str = 'prediction',
-                            segmentation_user_id: str = 'monai',
-                            segmentation_session_id: str = '0') -> Optional[List[np.ndarray]]:
-        """Run inference across multiple GPUs, optionally saving results or returning predictions."""
-        
-        runIDs = runIDs or [run.name for run in self.root.runs]
-        all_predictions = []
-
-        # Divide runIDs into batches for each GPU
-        batches = [runIDs[i:i + num_tomos_per_batch] for i in range(0, len(run_ids), num_tomos_per_batch)]
-        
-        # Run inference in parallel across GPUs
-        for i in range(0, len(batches), self.num_gpus):
-            gpu_batches = batches[i:i + self.num_gpus]
-            with Pool(processes=self.num_gpus) as pool:
-                results = pool.starmap(
-                    self.predict_on_gpu,
-                    [(gpu_id, gpu_batches[gpu_id], voxel_spacing, tomo_algorithm) for gpu_id in range(len(gpu_batches))]
-                )
-
-            # Collect and save results
-            for gpu_id, predictions in enumerate(results):
-                if save:
-                    for idx, run_id in enumerate(gpu_batches[gpu_id]):
-                        run = self.root.get_run(run_id)
-                        segmentation = predictions[idx]
-                        write.segmentation(run, segmentation, segmentation_user_id, segmentation_name, 
-                                           segmentation_session_id, voxel_spacing)
-                else:
-                    all_predictions.extend(predictions)
-
-        print('Multi-GPU predictions complete.')
-        
-        return None if save else all_predictions
+        ]

octopi/pytorch/segmentation_multigpu.py

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+from octopi.pytorch.segmentation import Predictor
+from typing import List, Union, Optional
+from copick_utils.io import writers
+import queue, torch
+
+class MultiGPUPredictor(Predictor):
+    
+    def __init__(self, 
+                 config: str,
+                 model_config: Union[str, List[str]],
+                 model_weights: Union[str, List[str]],
+                 apply_tta: bool = True):
+        
+        # Initialize parent normally
+        super().__init__(config, model_config, model_weights, apply_tta)
+        
+        self.num_gpus = torch.cuda.device_count()
+        print(f"Available GPUs: {self.num_gpus}")
+        
+        # Only create GPU-specific models if we have multiple GPUs
+        if self.num_gpus > 1:
+            self._create_gpu_models()
+    
+    def _create_gpu_models(self):
+        """Create separate model instances for each GPU."""
+        self.gpu_models = {}
+        
+        for gpu_id in range(self.num_gpus):
+            device = torch.device(f'cuda:{gpu_id}')
+            gpu_models = []
+            
+            # Copy each model to this GPU
+            for model in self.models:
+                gpu_model = type(model)()
+                gpu_model.load_state_dict(model.state_dict())
+                gpu_model.to(device)
+                gpu_model.eval()
+                gpu_models.append(gpu_model)
+            
+            self.gpu_models[gpu_id] = gpu_models
+            print(f"Models loaded on GPU {gpu_id}")
+
+    def _run_on_gpu(self, gpu_id: int, batch_ids: List[str], 
+                    voxel_spacing: float, tomo_algorithm: str,
+                    segmentation_name: str, segmentation_user_id: str, 
+                    segmentation_session_id: str):
+        """Run inference on a specific GPU for a batch of runs."""
+        device = torch.device(f'cuda:{gpu_id}')
+        
+        # Temporarily switch to this GPU's models and device
+        original_device = self.device
+        original_models = self.models
+        
+        self.device = device
+        self.models = self.gpu_models[gpu_id]
+        
+        try:
+            print(f"GPU {gpu_id} processing runs: {batch_ids}")
+            
+            # Run prediction using parent class method
+            predictions = self.predict_on_gpu(batch_ids, voxel_spacing, tomo_algorithm)
+            
+            # Save predictions
+            for idx, run_id in enumerate(batch_ids):
+                run = self.root.get_run(run_id)
+                seg = predictions[idx]
+                writers.segmentation(run, seg, segmentation_user_id, 
+                                  segmentation_name, segmentation_session_id, 
+                                  voxel_spacing)
+            
+            # Clean up
+            del predictions
+            torch.cuda.empty_cache()
+            
+        finally:
+            # Restore original settings
+            self.device = original_device
+            self.models = original_models
+
+    def multigpu_batch_predict(self, 
+                              num_tomos_per_batch: int = 15, 
+                              runIDs: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+                              voxel_spacing: float = 10,
+                              tomo_algorithm: str = 'denoised', 
+                              segmentation_name: str = 'prediction',
+                              segmentation_user_id: str = 'octopi',
+                              segmentation_session_id: str = '0'):
+        """Run inference across multiple GPUs using threading."""
+        
+        # Get runIDs if not provided
+        if runIDs is None:
+            runIDs = [run.name for run in self.root.runs if run.get_voxel_spacing(voxel_spacing) is not None]
+            skippedRunIDs = [run.name for run in self.root.runs if run.get_voxel_spacing(voxel_spacing) is None]
+            if skippedRunIDs:
+                print(f"Warning: skipping runs with no voxel spacing {voxel_spacing}: {skippedRunIDs}")
+
+        # Split runIDs into batches
+        batches = [runIDs[i:i + num_tomos_per_batch] 
+                  for i in range(0, len(runIDs), num_tomos_per_batch)]
+        
+        print(f"Processing {len(batches)} batches across {self.num_gpus} GPUs")
+        
+        # Create work queue
+        batch_queue = queue.Queue()
+        for batch in batches:
+            batch_queue.put(batch)
+        
+        def worker(gpu_id):
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    batch_ids = batch_queue.get_nowait()
+                    self._run_on_gpu(gpu_id, batch_ids, voxel_spacing, tomo_algorithm,
+                                   segmentation_name, segmentation_user_id, 
+                                   segmentation_session_id)
+                    batch_queue.task_done()
+                except queue.Empty:
+                    break
+                except Exception as e:
+                    print(f"Error on GPU {gpu_id}: {e}")
+                    batch_queue.task_done()
+        
+        # Start worker threads for each GPU
+        with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=self.num_gpus) as executor:
+            futures = [executor.submit(worker, gpu_id) for gpu_id in range(self.num_gpus)]
+            for future in futures:
+                future.result()
+        
+        print('Multi-GPU predictions complete!')
+
+    def batch_predict(self, 
+                      num_tomos_per_batch: int = 15, 
+                      runIDs: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+                      voxel_spacing: float = 10,
+                      tomo_algorithm: str = 'denoised', 
+                      segmentation_name: str = 'prediction',
+                      segmentation_user_id: str = 'octopi',
+                      segmentation_session_id: str = '0'):
+        """Smart batch predict: uses multi-GPU if available, otherwise single GPU."""
+        
+        if self.num_gpus > 1:
+            print("Using multi-GPU inference")
+            self.multigpu_batch_predict(
+                num_tomos_per_batch=num_tomos_per_batch,
+                runIDs=runIDs,
+                voxel_spacing=voxel_spacing,
+                tomo_algorithm=tomo_algorithm,
+                segmentation_name=segmentation_name,
+                segmentation_user_id=segmentation_user_id,
+                segmentation_session_id=segmentation_session_id
+            )
+        else:
+            print("Using single GPU inference")
+            super().batch_predict(
+                num_tomos_per_batch=num_tomos_per_batch,
+                runIDs=runIDs,
+                voxel_spacing=voxel_spacing,
+                tomo_algorithm=tomo_algorithm,
+                segmentation_name=segmentation_name,
+                segmentation_user_id=segmentation_user_id,
+                segmentation_session_id=segmentation_session_id
+            )

octopi/pytorch/trainer.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from octopi import visualization_tools as viz
+from octopi.utils import visualization_tools as viz
 from monai.inferers import sliding_window_inference
-from octopi import stopping_criteria
+from octopi.utils import stopping_criteria
 from monai.transforms import AsDiscrete
 from monai.data import decollate_batch
 import torch, os, mlflow, re

octopi/utils/config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+"""
+Configuration utilities for MLflow setup and reproducibility.
+"""
+
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+import torch, numpy as np
+import os, random
+import octopi
+
+
+def mlflow_setup():
+    """
+    Set up MLflow configuration from environment variables.
+    """
+    module_root = os.path.dirname(octopi.__file__)
+    dotenv_path = module_root.replace('src/octopi','') + '.env'
+    load_dotenv(dotenv_path=dotenv_path)
+
+    # MLflow setup
+    username = os.getenv('MLFLOW_TRACKING_USERNAME')
+    password = os.getenv('MLFLOW_TRACKING_PASSWORD')
+    if not password or not username:
+        print("Password not found in environment, loading from .env file...")
+        load_dotenv()  # Loads environment variables from a .env file
+        username = os.getenv('MLFLOW_TRACKING_USERNAME')
+        password = os.getenv('MLFLOW_TRACKING_PASSWORD')
+    
+    # Check again after loading .env file
+    if not password:
+        raise ValueError("Password is not set in environment variables or .env file!")
+    else:
+        print("Password loaded successfully")
+        os.environ['MLFLOW_TRACKING_USERNAME'] = username
+        os.environ['MLFLOW_TRACKING_PASSWORD'] = password    
+
+    return os.getenv('MLFLOW_TRACKING_URI')
+
+
+def set_seed(seed):
+    """
+    Set random seeds for reproducibility across Python, NumPy, and PyTorch.
+    """
+    # Set the seed for Python's random module
+    random.seed(seed)
+
+    # Set the seed for NumPy
+    np.random.seed(seed)
+
+    # Set the seed for PyTorch (both CPU and GPU)
+    torch.manual_seed(seed)
+    if torch.cuda.is_available():
+        torch.cuda.manual_seed(seed)
+        torch.cuda.manual_seed_all(seed)  # If using multi-GPU
+
+    # Ensure reproducibility of operations by disabling certain optimizations
+    torch.backends.cudnn.deterministic = True
+    torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = False