nowcastingcli 0.6.1__py3-none-any.whl

tests/test_main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+# tests/test_main.py
+# Run all tests in this file: pytest tests/test_main.py -v
+import sys
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import patch
+from nowcastingcli.main import get_float, run, edit_observation, _parse_csv, cli
+from nowcastingcli.models import Observation
+from datetime import datetime
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# autouse fixture — applied automatically to every test in this file.
+# It replaces the Rich `console` object inside main.py with a silent mock so
+# console.print() calls don't produce output during test runs.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def silence_console():
+    """Suppress all Rich console.print() calls made by main.py.
+
+    autouse=True means pytest activates this fixture for every test in this
+    file without each test having to declare it explicitly.  The `with` block
+    keeps the patch active for the duration of the test, then restores the
+    real console automatically.
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.console"):
+        yield
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# get_float
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# get_float() wraps Prompt.ask() in a retry loop: it keeps asking until the
+# user enters a number that falls inside [min_val, max_val].
+# We use patch() to replace Prompt.ask with a mock whose side_effect list
+# acts as a queue of pre-scripted "user answers".
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_get_float_returns_valid_value():
+    """Valid input on the first try — returns immediately.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_get_float_returns_valid_value -v
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", return_value="20.0"):
+        assert get_float("Temperature", -60, 60) == 20.0
+
+
+def test_get_float_accepts_min_boundary():
+    """Exactly at min_val — boundary is inclusive.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_get_float_accepts_min_boundary -v
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", return_value="-60.0"):
+        assert get_float("Temperature", -60, 60) == -60.0
+
+
+def test_get_float_accepts_max_boundary():
+    """Exactly at max_val — boundary is inclusive.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_get_float_accepts_max_boundary -v
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", return_value="60.0"):
+        assert get_float("Temperature", -60, 60) == 60.0
+
+
+def test_get_float_retries_when_out_of_range():
+    """Out-of-range answer triggers a retry; the second valid answer is returned.
+
+    side_effect with a list makes the mock return each item in sequence:
+    first call → "200.0" (rejected), second call → "20.0" (accepted).
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_get_float_retries_when_out_of_range -v
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=["200.0", "20.0"]):
+        assert get_float("Temperature", -60, 60) == 20.0
+
+
+def test_get_float_retries_on_non_numeric():
+    """Non-numeric input raises ValueError internally; the loop retries.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_get_float_retries_on_non_numeric -v
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=["abc", "20.0"]):
+        assert get_float("Temperature", -60, 60) == 20.0
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# run
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# run() calls Prompt.ask for pressure (directly) and then for temperature,
+# humidity, and altitude (via get_float).  The call order within one cycle is:
+#   1. Prompt.ask  →  pressure  (or "q" to quit)
+#   2. Prompt.ask  →  temperature  (get_float)
+#   3. Prompt.ask  →  humidity     (get_float)
+#   4. Prompt.ask  →  altitude     (get_float)
+#
+# We also patch render_dashboard to prevent terminal output and to inspect
+# which observations were passed to it.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_run_quits_on_lowercase_q():
+    """'q' at the pressure prompt exits immediately without creating an observation.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_quits_on_lowercase_q -v
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", return_value="q"):
+        run()  # must return, not hang
+
+
+def test_run_quits_on_uppercase_Q():
+    """The quit check is case-insensitive: 'Q' works the same as 'q'.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_quits_on_uppercase_Q -v
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", return_value="Q"):
+        run()
+
+@pytest.mark.smoke
+def test_run_one_full_observation_cycle():
+    """One valid reading is stored and the dashboard is rendered once, then 'q' exits.
+
+    The five side_effect values map to the five Prompt.ask calls:
+      "1013.25" → pressure, "20.0" → temperature, "50.0" → humidity,
+      "100.0"   → altitude, "q"    → second pressure prompt (quit).
+
+    Smoke: only test that wires input → models → physics → heuristics →
+    display together end-to-end; a failure here means the app is broken
+    even if every unit test elsewhere passes.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_one_full_observation_cycle -v
+    """
+    prompts = ["1013.25", "20.0", "50.0", "100.0", "q"]
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=prompts), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard") as mock_render:
+        run()
+
+    mock_render.assert_called_once()
+    observations = mock_render.call_args[0][0]   # first positional arg of last call
+    assert len(observations) == 1
+    assert observations[0].pressure_raw == pytest.approx(1013.25)
+    assert observations[0].temperature  == pytest.approx(20.0)
+    assert observations[0].humidity     == pytest.approx(50.0)
+    assert observations[0].altitude     == pytest.approx(100.0)
+
+
+def test_run_accumulates_multiple_observations():
+    """Two readings accumulate in the list before 'q' quits.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_accumulates_multiple_observations -v
+    """
+    prompts = [
+        "1013.25", "20.0", "50.0", "100.0",   # first observation
+        "1005.0",  "15.0", "60.0", "200.0",   # second observation
+        "q",
+    ]
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=prompts), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard") as mock_render:
+        run()
+
+    assert mock_render.call_count == 2
+    final_observations = mock_render.call_args[0][0]
+    assert len(final_observations) == 2
+
+
+def test_run_exits_on_keyboard_interrupt():
+    """KeyboardInterrupt (Ctrl-C) breaks the loop; run() must not re-raise it.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_exits_on_keyboard_interrupt -v
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=KeyboardInterrupt):
+        run()
+
+
+def test_run_exits_on_eof():
+    """EOFError (e.g. stdin closed / piped input exhausted) exits gracefully.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_exits_on_eof -v
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=EOFError):
+        run()
+
+
+# --- Regression: invalid pressure input must not crash ---
+# Before the fix, pressure was read with a raw float() call that bypassed
+# validation.  Entering 0 or a negative value would reach normalize_pressure()
+# and raise an unhandled ValueError.  The loop now validates pressure inline
+# and uses `continue` to re-prompt rather than crashing.
+
+def test_run_zero_pressure_does_not_crash():
+    """Entering '0' for pressure must be rejected and re-prompt, not crash.
+
+    side_effect sequence: '0' is rejected → 'q' exits the session.
+    render_dashboard is never called because no valid observation was created.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_zero_pressure_does_not_crash -v
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=["0", "q"]), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard") as mock_render:
+        run()
+    mock_render.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_negative_pressure_does_not_crash():
+    """Entering a negative pressure must be rejected and re-prompt, not crash.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_negative_pressure_does_not_crash -v
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=["-5", "q"]), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard") as mock_render:
+        run()
+    mock_render.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_non_numeric_pressure_does_not_crash():
+    """Entering a non-numeric string for pressure must be rejected gracefully.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_non_numeric_pressure_does_not_crash -v
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=["abc", "q"]), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard") as mock_render:
+        run()
+    mock_render.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_recovers_after_bad_pressure():
+    """After a rejected pressure, the next valid entry completes a full cycle.
+
+    Sequence: '0' rejected → '1013.25' accepted → temperature, humidity,
+    altitude → 'q' exits.  One observation must be created.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_recovers_after_bad_pressure -v
+    """
+    prompts = ["0", "1013.25", "20.0", "50.0", "100.0", "q"]
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=prompts), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard") as mock_render:
+        run()
+    mock_render.assert_called_once()
+    assert len(mock_render.call_args[0][0]) == 1
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# edit_observation
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def _make_obs(**overrides) -> Observation:
+    defaults = dict(
+        timestamp=datetime(2024, 6, 1, 12, 0, 0),
+        pressure_raw=1013.25,
+        pressure_qnh=1015.0,
+        temperature=20.0,
+        humidity=50.0,
+        altitude=100.0,
+    )
+    defaults.update(overrides)
+    return Observation(**defaults)
+
+
+def test_edit_observation_updates_temperature():
+    """Selecting field 2 (temperature) updates the observation's temperature.
+
+    Prompt sequence: index "1" → field "2" → new value "25.0".
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_edit_observation_updates_temperature -v
+    """
+    obs = _make_obs()
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=["1", "2", "25.0"]), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard"):
+        edit_observation([obs])
+    assert obs.temperature == pytest.approx(25.0)
+
+
+def test_edit_observation_updates_humidity_only():
+    """Field 3 (humidity) update must NOT change pressure_qnh.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_edit_observation_updates_humidity_only -v
+    """
+    obs = _make_obs(pressure_qnh=1015.0)
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=["1", "3", "80.0"]), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard"):
+        edit_observation([obs])
+    assert obs.humidity == pytest.approx(80.0)
+    assert obs.pressure_qnh == pytest.approx(1015.0)
+
+
+def test_edit_observation_rederives_qnh_on_pressure_change():
+    """Field 1 (pressure_raw) change must re-derive pressure_qnh.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_edit_observation_rederives_qnh_on_pressure_change -v
+    """
+    obs = _make_obs(pressure_raw=1013.25, pressure_qnh=1015.0)
+    original_qnh = obs.pressure_qnh
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=["1", "1", "1000.0"]), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard"):
+        edit_observation([obs])
+    assert obs.pressure_raw == pytest.approx(1000.0)
+    assert obs.pressure_qnh != pytest.approx(original_qnh)
+
+
+def test_edit_observation_invalid_index_returns_early():
+    """An out-of-range index prints an error and leaves observations unchanged.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_edit_observation_invalid_index_returns_early -v
+    """
+    obs = _make_obs()
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=["99"]), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard") as mock_render:
+        edit_observation([obs])
+    mock_render.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_edit_observation_invalid_field_returns_early():
+    """An unrecognised field choice prints an error and leaves observations unchanged.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_edit_observation_invalid_field_returns_early -v
+    """
+    obs = _make_obs(temperature=20.0)
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=["1", "9"]), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard") as mock_render:
+        edit_observation([obs])
+    mock_render.assert_not_called()
+    assert obs.temperature == pytest.approx(20.0)
+
+
+def test_run_edit_with_no_observations_shows_warning():
+    """'e' before any observation is entered shows a warning and loops back.
+
+    Prompt sequence: 'e' (no obs yet) → 'q' exits.
+    render_dashboard must never be called.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_edit_with_no_observations_shows_warning -v
+    """
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=["e", "q"]), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard") as mock_render:
+        run()
+    mock_render.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_run_edit_flow_updates_existing_observation():
+    """Full run: one observation added, then edited via 'e', then 'q' exits.
+
+    Prompt sequence:
+      "1013.25", "20.0", "50.0", "100.0"  → first observation
+      "e"                                  → enter edit mode
+      "1", "2", "25.0"                     → edit obs 1, field temperature, new value
+      "q"                                  → quit
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_edit_flow_updates_existing_observation -v
+    """
+    prompts = ["1013.25", "20.0", "50.0", "100.0", "e", "1", "2", "25.0", "q"]
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=prompts), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard") as mock_render:
+        run()
+    final_obs = mock_render.call_args[0][0]
+    assert final_obs[0].temperature == pytest.approx(25.0)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# edit_observation — field 4 (altitude)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_edit_observation_updates_altitude():
+    """Field 4 (altitude) update must change altitude and re-derive pressure_qnh.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_edit_observation_updates_altitude -v
+    """
+    obs = _make_obs(altitude=100.0)
+    original_qnh = obs.pressure_qnh
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.Prompt.ask", side_effect=["1", "4", "500.0"]), \
+         patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard"):
+        edit_observation([obs])
+    assert obs.altitude == pytest.approx(500.0)
+    assert obs.pressure_qnh != pytest.approx(original_qnh)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _parse_csv
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Uses pytest's tmp_path fixture to write real CSV files to a temp directory.
+# tmp_path is a pathlib.Path; _parse_csv expects a str, so we cast with str().
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_parse_csv_valid_file(tmp_path):
+    """Valid CSV returns a list of _InputRow with correct field values.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_parse_csv_valid_file -v
+    """
+    f = tmp_path / "obs.csv"
+    f.write_text("pressure_hpa,temperature_c,humidity_pct,altitude_m\n1013,18,60,340\n")
+    rows = _parse_csv(str(f))
+    assert len(rows) == 1
+    assert rows[0].pressure    == pytest.approx(1013.0)
+    assert rows[0].temperature == pytest.approx(18.0)
+    assert rows[0].humidity    == pytest.approx(60.0)
+    assert rows[0].altitude    == pytest.approx(340.0)
+
+
+def test_parse_csv_missing_column(tmp_path):
+    """CSV with missing columns raises ValueError naming the absent columns.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_parse_csv_missing_column -v
+    """
+    f = tmp_path / "bad.csv"
+    f.write_text("pressure_hpa,temperature_c\n1013,18\n")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="missing columns"):
+        _parse_csv(str(f))
+
+
+def test_parse_csv_non_numeric_value(tmp_path):
+    """A non-numeric cell raises ValueError that includes the row number.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_parse_csv_non_numeric_value -v
+    """
+    f = tmp_path / "bad.csv"
+    f.write_text("pressure_hpa,temperature_c,humidity_pct,altitude_m\n1013,abc,60,340\n")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Row 2"):
+        _parse_csv(str(f))
+
+
+def test_parse_csv_pressure_out_of_range(tmp_path):
+    """A pressure value outside [0.1, 1100.0] raises ValueError.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_parse_csv_pressure_out_of_range -v
+    """
+    f = tmp_path / "bad.csv"
+    f.write_text("pressure_hpa,temperature_c,humidity_pct,altitude_m\n9999,18,60,340\n")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="pressure"):
+        _parse_csv(str(f))
+
+
+def test_parse_csv_empty_file(tmp_path):
+    """A CSV with only a header row raises ValueError about no data rows.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_parse_csv_empty_file -v
+    """
+    f = tmp_path / "empty.csv"
+    f.write_text("pressure_hpa,temperature_c,humidity_pct,altitude_m\n")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="no data rows"):
+        _parse_csv(str(f))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# run() — file input mode
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_run_with_valid_csv(tmp_path):
+    """run(input_file=...) processes all CSV rows and calls render_dashboard once per row.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_with_valid_csv -v
+    """
+    f = tmp_path / "obs.csv"
+    f.write_text(
+        "pressure_hpa,temperature_c,humidity_pct,altitude_m\n"
+        "1013,18,60,340\n"
+        "1011.5,17,72,340\n"
+    )
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard") as mock_render:
+        run(input_file=str(f))
+    assert mock_render.call_count == 2
+    final_obs = mock_render.call_args[0][0]
+    assert len(final_obs) == 2
+    assert final_obs[0].pressure_raw == pytest.approx(1013.0)
+
+
+def test_run_with_invalid_csv_shows_error(tmp_path):
+    """run(input_file=...) with a bad CSV prints an error and never renders.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_run_with_invalid_csv_shows_error -v
+    """
+    f = tmp_path / "bad.csv"
+    f.write_text("wrong_column\n1013\n")
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.render_dashboard") as mock_render:
+        run(input_file=str(f))
+    mock_render.assert_not_called()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# cli()
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# monkeypatch.setattr replaces sys.argv for the duration of the test only.
+# We patch run() itself so cli() is tested in isolation — we only verify that
+# it parses argv correctly and passes the right argument to run().
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_cli_no_input_calls_run_with_none(monkeypatch):
+    """cli() with no --input flag calls run(input_file=None).
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_cli_no_input_calls_run_with_none -v
+    """
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", ["nowcastingcli"])
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.run") as mock_run:
+        cli()
+    mock_run.assert_called_once_with(input_file=None)
+
+
+def test_cli_with_input_calls_run(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """cli() with --input FILE passes the path to run(input_file=FILE).
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_main.py::test_cli_with_input_calls_run -v
+    """
+    f = tmp_path / "obs.csv"
+    f.write_text("pressure_hpa,temperature_c,humidity_pct,altitude_m\n1013,18,60,340\n")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "argv", ["nowcastingcli", "--input", str(f)])
+    with patch("nowcastingcli.main.run") as mock_run:
+        cli()
+    mock_run.assert_called_once_with(input_file=str(f))

tests/test_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+# tests/test_models.py
+# Run all tests in this file: pytest tests/test_models.py -v
+import pytest
+from datetime import datetime
+from nowcastingcli.models import Observation
+
+
+VALID_TS = datetime(2024, 6, 1, 12, 0, 0)
+
+
+def _obs(**overrides):
+    """Factory helper that creates a valid Observation with sensible defaults.
+
+    The leading underscore signals that this is a private test helper, not a
+    test itself — pytest will not collect it as a test case.
+
+    Syntax explained
+    ----------------
+    **overrides  (in the signature)
+        The double-star prefix makes Python collect any keyword arguments the
+        caller passes into a single dict called `overrides`.  For example:
+
+            _obs(humidity=90.0, altitude=500.0)
+            # → overrides == {"humidity": 90.0, "altitude": 500.0}
+
+    defaults.update(overrides)
+        dict.update() merges one dict into another, overwriting any keys that
+        already exist.  So `overrides` silently replaces only the fields the
+        caller specified; every other field keeps its default value.
+
+            defaults == {"humidity": 50.0, "altitude": 100.0, ...}
+            defaults.update({"humidity": 90.0, "altitude": 500.0})
+            # → defaults == {"humidity": 90.0, "altitude": 500.0, ...}
+
+    Observation(**defaults)  (in the return statement)
+        The double-star prefix *unpacks* the dict as keyword arguments,
+        which is the reverse of collecting them.  It is equivalent to
+        writing every key=value pair by hand:
+
+            Observation(timestamp=VALID_TS, pressure_raw=1013.25, ...)
+
+    Combined pattern
+    ----------------
+    This two-step idiom (collect with **overrides, merge with .update(),
+    unpack with **defaults) lets each test override only the one field it
+    cares about, while keeping every other field at a known-good value:
+
+        def test_humidity_above_100_raises():
+            _obs(humidity=100.1)   # only humidity changes; rest stay default
+    """
+    defaults = dict(
+        timestamp=VALID_TS,
+        pressure_raw=1013.25,
+        pressure_qnh=1015.0,
+        temperature=20.0,
+        humidity=50.0,
+        altitude=100.0,
+    )
+    defaults.update(overrides)
+    return Observation(**defaults)
+
+
+# --- __post_init__ validation ---
+
+@pytest.mark.smoke
+def test_valid_observation_is_created():
+    """Happy path: all fields in range, no exception raised.
+
+    Smoke: confirms the Observation dataclass still constructs at all —
+    every other module and test depends on this succeeding.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_models.py::test_valid_observation_is_created -v
+    """
+    obs = _obs()
+    assert obs.humidity == 50.0
+    assert obs.pressure_raw == 1013.25
+
+
+def test_humidity_zero_is_valid():
+    """Boundary: humidity=0 is valid.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_models.py::test_humidity_zero_is_valid -v
+    """
+    obs = _obs(humidity=0.0)
+    assert obs.humidity == 0.0
+
+
+def test_humidity_100_is_valid():
+    """Boundary: humidity=100 is valid.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_models.py::test_humidity_100_is_valid -v
+    """
+    obs = _obs(humidity=100.0)
+    assert obs.humidity == 100.0
+
+
+def test_humidity_below_zero_raises():
+    """humidity < 0 must raise ValueError.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_models.py::test_humidity_below_zero_raises -v
+    """
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="humidity"):
+        _obs(humidity=-0.1)
+
+
+def test_humidity_above_100_raises():
+    """humidity > 100 must raise ValueError.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_models.py::test_humidity_above_100_raises -v
+    """
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="humidity"):
+        _obs(humidity=100.1)
+
+
+def test_zero_pressure_raises():
+    """pressure_raw=0 must raise ValueError.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_models.py::test_zero_pressure_raises -v
+    """
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="pressure"):
+        _obs(pressure_raw=0.0)
+
+
+def test_negative_pressure_raises():
+    """Negative pressure_raw must raise ValueError.
+
+    Run: pytest tests/test_models.py::test_negative_pressure_raises -v
+    """
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="pressure"):
+        _obs(pressure_raw=-1.0)