nost-tools 2.0.0__py3-none-any.whl → 2.0.2__py3-none-any.whl

nost_tools/application.py

@@ -1,793 +1,901 @@
-"""
-Provides a base application that publishes messages from a simulator to a broker.
-"""
-
-import functools
-import logging
-import ssl
-import sys
-import threading
-import time
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import Callable
-
-import ntplib
-import pika
-import pika.connection
-import urllib3
-from keycloak.exceptions import KeycloakAuthenticationError
-from keycloak.keycloak_openid import KeycloakOpenID
-
-from .application_utils import (  # ConnectionConfig,
-    ModeStatusObserver,
-    ShutDownObserver,
-    TimeStatusPublisher,
-)
-from .configuration import ConnectionConfig
-from .schemas import ReadyStatus
-from .simulator import Simulator
-
-logging.captureWarnings(True)
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-urllib3.disable_warnings()
-
-
-class Application:
-    """
-    Base class for a member application.
-
-    This object class defines the main functionality of a NOS-T application which can be modified for user needs.
-
-    Attributes:
-        prefix (str): The test run namespace (prefix)
-        simulator (:obj:`Simulator`): Application simulator -- calls on the simulator.py class for functionality
-        client (:obj:`Client`): Application MQTT client
-        app_name (str): Test run application name
-        app_description (str): Test run application description (optional)
-        time_status_step (:obj:`timedelta`): Scenario duration between time status messages
-        time_status_init (:obj:`datetime`): Scenario time of first time status message
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, app_name: str, app_description: str = None):
-        """
-        Initializes a new application.
-
-        Args:
-            app_name (str): application name
-            app_description (str): application description (optional)
-        """
-        self.simulator = Simulator()
-        self.connection = None
-        self.channel = None
-        self.prefix = None
-        self.app_name = app_name
-        self.app_description = app_description
-        self._time_status_publisher = None
-        self._mode_status_observer = None
-        self._shut_down_observer = None
-        self.config = None
-        # Connection status
-        self._is_connected = threading.Event()
-        self._is_running = False
-        self._io_thread = None
-        self._consuming = False
-        self._should_stop = threading.Event()
-        self._closing = False
-        # Queues
-        self.channel_configs = []
-        self.unique_exchanges = {}
-        self.declared_queues = set()
-        self.declared_exchanges = set()
-        self.predefined_exchanges_queues = False
-        self._callbacks_per_topic = {}
-        # Token
-        self.refresh_token = None
-        self._token_refresh_thread = None
-        self.token_refresh_interval = None
-
-    def ready(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Signals the application is ready to initialize scenario execution.
-        Publishes a :obj:`ReadyStatus` message to the topic `prefix.app_name.status.ready`.
-        """
-        status = ReadyStatus.model_validate(
-            {
-                "name": self.app_name,
-                "description": self.app_description,
-                "properties": {"ready": True},
-            }
-        )
-        self.send_message(
-            app_name=self.app_name,
-            app_topics="status.ready",
-            payload=status.model_dump_json(by_alias=True, exclude_none=True),
-        )
-
-    def new_access_token(self, refresh_token=None):
-        """
-        Obtains a new access token and refresh token from Keycloak. If a refresh token is provided,
-        the access token is refreshed using the refresh token. Otherwise, the access token is obtained
-        using the username and password provided in the configuration.
-
-        Args:
-            refresh_token (str): refresh token (optional)
-        """
-        logger.debug(
-            "Acquiring access token."
-            if not refresh_token
-            else "Refreshing access token."
-        )
-        keycloak_openid = KeycloakOpenID(
-            server_url=f"{'http' if 'localhost' in self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.keycloak.host or '127.0.0.1' in self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.keycloak.host else 'https'}://{self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.keycloak.host}:{self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.keycloak.port}",
-            client_id=self.config.rc.credentials.client_id,
-            realm_name=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.keycloak.realm,
-            client_secret_key=self.config.rc.credentials.client_secret_key,
-            verify=False,
-        )
-        try:
-            if refresh_token:
-                token = keycloak_openid.refresh_token(refresh_token)
-            else:
-                try:
-                    token = keycloak_openid.token(
-                        grant_type="password",
-                        username=self.config.rc.credentials.username,
-                        password=self.config.rc.credentials.password,
-                    )
-                except KeycloakAuthenticationError as e:
-                    logger.error(f"Authentication error without OTP: {e}")
-                    otp = input("Enter OTP: ")
-                    token = keycloak_openid.token(
-                        grant_type="password",
-                        username=self.config.rc.credentials.username,
-                        password=self.config.rc.credentials.password,
-                        totp=otp,
-                    )
-            if "access_token" in token:
-                logger.debug(
-                    "Acquiring access token successfully completed."
-                    if not refresh_token
-                    else "Refreshing access token successfully completed."
-                )
-                return token["access_token"], token["refresh_token"]
-            else:
-                raise Exception("Error: The request was unsuccessful.")
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"An error occurred: {e}")
-            raise
-
-    def start_token_refresh_thread(self):
-        """
-        Starts a background thread to refresh the access token periodically.
-
-        Args:
-            config (:obj:`ConnectionConfig`): connection configuration
-        """
-        logger.debug("Starting refresh token thread.")
-
-        def refresh_token_periodically():
-            while not self._should_stop.wait(timeout=self.token_refresh_interval):
-                try:
-                    access_token, refresh_token = self.new_access_token(
-                        self.refresh_token
-                    )
-                    self.refresh_token = refresh_token
-                    self.update_connection_credentials(access_token)
-                except Exception as e:
-                    logger.error(f"Failed to refresh access token: {e}")
-
-        self._token_refresh_thread = threading.Thread(target=refresh_token_periodically)
-        self._token_refresh_thread.start()
-        logger.debug("Starting refresh token thread successfully completed.")
-
-    def update_connection_credentials(self, access_token):
-        """
-        Updates the connection credentials with the new access token.
-
-        Args:
-            access_token (str): new access token
-        """
-        self.connection.update_secret(access_token, "secret")
-
-    def start_up(
-        self,
-        prefix: str,
-        config: ConnectionConfig,
-        set_offset: bool = None,  # True,
-        time_status_step: timedelta = None,
-        time_status_init: datetime = None,
-        shut_down_when_terminated: bool = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Starts up the application to prepare for scenario execution.
-        Connects to the message broker and starts a background event loop by establishing the simulation prefix,
-        the connection configuration, and the intervals for publishing time status messages.
-
-        Args:
-            prefix (str): messaging namespace (prefix)
-            config (:obj:`ConnectionConfig`): connection configuration
-            set_offset (bool): True, if the system clock offset shall be set using a NTP request prior to execution
-            time_status_step (:obj:`timedelta`): scenario duration between time status messages
-            time_status_init (:obj:`datetime`): scenario time for first time status message
-            shut_down_when_terminated (bool): True, if the application should shut down when the simulation is terminated
-        """
-        if (
-            set_offset is not None
-            and time_status_step is not None
-            and time_status_init is not None
-            and shut_down_when_terminated is not None
-        ):
-            self.set_offset = set_offset
-            self.time_status_step = time_status_step
-            self.time_status_init = time_status_init
-            self.shut_down_when_terminated = shut_down_when_terminated
-        else:
-            self.config = config
-            parameters = getattr(
-                self.config.rc.simulation_configuration.execution_parameters,
-                self.app_name,
-                None,
-            )
-            self.set_offset = parameters.set_offset
-            self.time_status_step = parameters.time_status_step
-            self.time_status_init = parameters.time_status_init
-            self.shut_down_when_terminated = parameters.shut_down_when_terminated
-
-        if self.set_offset:
-            # Set the system clock offset
-            self.set_wallclock_offset()
-
-        # Set the prefix and configuration parameters
-        self.prefix = prefix
-        self.config = config
-        self._is_running = True
-
-        if self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.keycloak_authentication:
-            # Get the access token and refresh token
-            self.token_refresh_interval = (
-                self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.keycloak.token_refresh_interval
-            )
-            logger.info(
-                f"Keycloak authentication is enabled. Access token will be refreshed every {self.token_refresh_interval} seconds"
-            )
-            access_token, _ = self.new_access_token()
-            self.start_token_refresh_thread()
-            credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("", access_token)
-        else:
-            # Set up credentials
-            credentials = pika.PlainCredentials(
-                self.config.rc.credentials.username,
-                self.config.rc.credentials.password,
-            )
-
-        # Set up connection parameters
-        parameters = pika.ConnectionParameters(
-            host=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.host,
-            virtual_host=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.virtual_host,
-            port=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.port,
-            credentials=credentials,
-            heartbeat=config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.heartbeat,
-            connection_attempts=config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.connection_attempts,
-            retry_delay=config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.retry_delay,
-        )
-
-        # Configure transport layer security (TLS) if needed
-        if self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.tls:
-            logger.info("Using TLS/SSL.")
-            parameters.ssl_options = pika.SSLOptions(ssl.SSLContext())
-
-        # Callback functions for connection
-        def on_connection_open(connection):
-            self.connection = connection
-            self.connection.channel(on_open_callback=self.on_channel_open)
-            logger.info("Connection established successfully.")
-
-        # Establish non-blocking connection to RabbitMQ
-        self.connection = pika.SelectConnection(
-            parameters=parameters,
-            on_open_callback=on_connection_open,
-            on_open_error_callback=self.on_connection_error,
-            on_close_callback=self.on_connection_closed,
-        )
-
-        # Start the I/O loop in a separate thread
-        self._io_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._start_io_loop)
-        self._io_thread.start()
-        self._is_connected.wait()
-
-        if self.config.rc.simulation_configuration.predefined_exchanges_queues:
-            # Get the unique exchanges and channel configurations
-            self.predefined_exchanges_queues = True
-            logger.debug(
-                "Exchanges and queues are predefined in the YAML configuration file."
-            )
-            self.unique_exchanges, self.channel_configs = (
-                self.config.rc.simulation_configuration.exchanges,
-                self.config.rc.simulation_configuration.queues,
-            )
-
-        else:
-            logger.debug(
-                "Exchanges and queues are NOT predefined in the YAML configuration file."
-            )
-
-        # Configure observers
-        self._create_time_status_publisher(self.time_status_step, self.time_status_init)
-        self._create_mode_status_observer()
-        if self.shut_down_when_terminated:
-            self._create_shut_down_observer()
-        logger.info(f"Application {self.app_name} successfully started up.")
-
-    def _start_io_loop(self):
-        """
-        Starts the I/O loop for the connection.
-        """
-        self.stop_event = threading.Event()
-        while not self.stop_event.is_set():
-            self.connection.ioloop.start()
-
-    def on_channel_open(self, channel):
-        """
-        Callback function for when the channel is opened.
-
-        Args:
-            channel (:obj:`pika.channel.Channel`): channel object
-        """
-        self.channel = channel
-        # Signal that connection is established
-        self._is_connected.set()
-
-    def on_connection_error(self, connection, error):
-        """
-        Callback function for when a connection error occurs.
-
-        Args:
-            connection (:obj:`pika.connection.Connection`): connection object
-            error (Exception): exception representing reason for loss of connection
-        """
-        logger.error(f"Connection error: {error}")
-        self._is_connected.clear()
-
-    def on_connection_closed(self, connection, reason):
-        """
-        This method is invoked by pika when the connection to RabbitMQ is
-        closed unexpectedly. Since it is unexpected, we will reconnect to
-        RabbitMQ if it disconnects.
-
-        Args:
-            connection (:obj:`pika.connection.Connection`): closed connection object
-            reason (Exception): exception representing reason for loss of connection
-        """
-        self.channel = None
-        if self._closing:
-            self.connection.ioloop.stop()
-
-    def shut_down(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Shuts down the application by stopping the background event loop and disconnecting from the broker.
-        """
-        # self._should_stop.set()
-        if self._time_status_publisher is not None:
-            self.simulator.remove_observer(self._time_status_publisher)
-        self._time_status_publisher = None
-
-        if self.connection:
-            self.stop_application()
-            self._consuming = False
-        logger.info(f"Application {self.app_name} successfully shut down.")
-
-    def send_message(self, app_name, app_topics, payload: str) -> None:
-        """
-        Sends a message to the broker. The message is sent to the exchange using the routing key. The routing key is created using the application name and topic. The message is published with an expiration of 60 seconds.
-
-        Args:
-            app_name (str): application name
-            app_topics (str or list): topic name or list of topic names
-            payload (str): message payload
-        """
-        if isinstance(app_topics, str):
-            app_topics = [app_topics]
-
-        for app_topic in app_topics:
-            routing_key = self.create_routing_key(app_name=app_name, topic=app_topic)
-            if not self.predefined_exchanges_queues:
-                routing_key, queue_name = self.yamless_declare_bind_queue(
-                    routing_key=routing_key
-                )
-            self.channel.basic_publish(
-                exchange=self.prefix,
-                routing_key=routing_key,
-                body=payload,
-                properties=pika.BasicProperties(
-                    expiration=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.message_expiration,
-                    delivery_mode=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.delivery_mode,
-                    content_type=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.content_type,
-                    app_id=self.app_name,
-                ),
-            )
-            logger.debug(
-                f"Successfully sent message '{payload}' to topic '{routing_key}'."
-            )
-
-    def routing_key_matches_pattern(self, routing_key, pattern):
-        """
-        Check if a routing key matches a wildcard pattern.
-
-        Args:
-            routing_key (str): The actual routing key of the message
-            pattern (str): The pattern which may contain * or # wildcards
-
-        Returns:
-            bool: True if the routing key matches the pattern
-        """
-        # Split both keys into segments
-        route_parts = routing_key.split(".")
-        pattern_parts = pattern.split(".")
-
-        # If # isn't in pattern, both must have same number of parts
-        if "#" not in pattern_parts and len(route_parts) != len(pattern_parts):
-            return False
-
-        i = 0
-        while i < len(pattern_parts):
-            # Handle # wildcard (matches 0 or more segments)
-            if pattern_parts[i] == "#":
-                return True  # # at the end matches everything remaining
-
-            # Handle * wildcard (matches exactly one segment)
-            elif pattern_parts[i] == "*":
-                # Ensure there's a segment to match
-                if i >= len(route_parts):
-                    return False
-                # * matches any single segment, continue to next segment
-                i += 1
-                continue
-
-            # Handle exact match segment
-            else:
-                # If we've run out of route parts or segments don't match
-                if i >= len(route_parts) or pattern_parts[i] != route_parts[i]:
-                    return False
-
-            i += 1
-
-        # If we've gone through all pattern parts, make sure we've used all route parts
-        return len(route_parts) <= i
-
-    def add_message_callback(
-        self, app_name: str, app_topic: str, user_callback: Callable
-    ):
-        """
-        Add callback for a topic, supporting wildcards (* and #) in routing keys.
-
-        * matches exactly one word
-        # matches zero or more words
-        """
-        self.was_consuming = True
-        self._consuming = True
-
-        routing_key = self.create_routing_key(app_name=app_name, topic=app_topic)
-
-        # Check if this is the first callback for this routing key pattern
-        if routing_key not in self._callbacks_per_topic:
-            self._callbacks_per_topic[routing_key] = []
-
-            # Only set up the consumer once per topic
-            if not self.predefined_exchanges_queues:
-                # For wildcard subscriptions, use the app_name as queue suffix to ensure uniqueness
-                queue_suffix = self.app_name
-
-                # If using wildcards, bind to the wildcard pattern
-                if "*" in routing_key or "#" in routing_key:
-                    # Create a unique queue name for this wildcard subscription
-                    queue_name = f"{routing_key.replace('*', 'star').replace('#', 'hash')}.{queue_suffix}"
-
-                    # Declare a new queue
-                    self.channel.queue_declare(
-                        queue=queue_name, durable=False, auto_delete=True
-                    )
-
-                    # Bind queue to the exchange with the wildcard pattern
-                    self.channel.queue_bind(
-                        exchange=self.prefix, queue=queue_name, routing_key=routing_key
-                    )
-
-                    # Track the declared queue
-                    self.declared_queues.add(queue_name)
-                else:
-                    # For non-wildcard keys, use the standard approach
-                    routing_key, queue_name = self.yamless_declare_bind_queue(
-                        routing_key=routing_key, app_specific_extender=queue_suffix
-                    )
-
-                self.channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
-                self._consumer_tag = self.channel.basic_consume(
-                    queue=queue_name,
-                    on_message_callback=self._handle_message,
-                    auto_ack=False,
-                )
-
-        # Add the callback to the list for this routing key
-        self._callbacks_per_topic[routing_key].append(user_callback)
-
-    def _handle_message(self, ch, method, properties, body):
-        """
-        Callback for handling messages received from RabbitMQ.
-        Supports both direct routing key matches and wildcard patterns.
-        """
-        routing_key = method.routing_key
-        logger.debug(f"Received message with routing key: {routing_key}")
-
-        # First check for exact routing key match
-        direct_callbacks = self._callbacks_per_topic.get(routing_key, [])
-
-        # Then find any wildcard patterns that match this routing key
-        wildcard_callbacks = []
-        for pattern, callbacks in self._callbacks_per_topic.items():
-            # Skip exact matches (already handled) and patterns that don't match
-            if pattern == routing_key:
-                continue
-
-            if "*" in pattern or "#" in pattern:
-                if self.routing_key_matches_pattern(routing_key, pattern):
-                    wildcard_callbacks.extend(callbacks)
-
-        # Combine all matching callbacks
-        all_callbacks = direct_callbacks + wildcard_callbacks
-
-        if all_callbacks:
-            logger.debug(
-                f"Found {len(all_callbacks)} callbacks for routing key: {routing_key}"
-            )
-        else:
-            logger.debug(f"No callbacks found for routing key: {routing_key}")
-            # Still acknowledge the message even if no callbacks matched
-            self.acknowledge_message(method.delivery_tag)
-            return
-
-        try:
-            # Execute all callbacks for this message
-            for callback in all_callbacks:
-                callback(ch, method, properties, body)
-
-            # Only acknowledge after all callbacks complete successfully
-            self.acknowledge_message(method.delivery_tag)
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Error processing message: {e}")
-            # Reject the message if any callback fails
-            if self.channel:
-                self.channel.basic_reject(
-                    delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag, requeue=True
-                )
-
-    def acknowledge_message(self, delivery_tag):
-        """Acknowledge the message delivery from RabbitMQ by sending a
-        Basic.Ack RPC method for the delivery tag.
-
-        :param int delivery_tag: The delivery tag from the Basic.Deliver frame
-
-        """
-        try:
-            logger.debug(f"Acknowledging message {delivery_tag}")
-            self.channel.basic_ack(delivery_tag, True)
-        except:
-            pass
-
-    def create_routing_key(self, app_name: str, topic: str):
-        """
-        Creates a routing key for the application. The routing key is used to bind the queue to the exchange.
-
-        Args:
-            app_name (str): application name
-            topic (str): topic name
-        """
-        routing_key = ".".join([self.prefix, app_name, topic])
-        return routing_key
-
-    def yamless_declare_bind_queue(
-        self, routing_key: str = None, app_specific_extender: str = None
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Declares and binds a queue to the exchange. The queue is bound to the exchange using the routing key. The routing key is created using the application name and topic.
-        Args:
-            app_name (str): application name
-            topic (str): topic name
-            app_specific_extender (str): application specific extender, used to create a unique queue name for the application. If the app_specific_extender is not provided, the queue name is the same as the routing key.
-        """
-        try:
-            if app_specific_extender:
-                queue_name = ".".join([routing_key, app_specific_extender])
-            else:
-                queue_name = routing_key
-            self.channel.queue_declare(
-                queue=queue_name, durable=False, auto_delete=True
-            )
-            self.channel.queue_bind(
-                exchange=self.prefix, queue=queue_name, routing_key=routing_key
-            )
-            # Create list of declared queues and exchanges
-            self.declared_queues.add(queue_name.strip())
-            self.declared_queues.add(routing_key.strip())
-            self.declared_exchanges.add(self.prefix.strip())
-
-            logger.debug(f"Bound queue '{queue_name}' to topic '{routing_key}'.")
-
-        except:
-            routing_key = None
-            queue_name = None
-            pass
-
-        return routing_key, queue_name
-
-    def delete_queue(self, configs, app_name):
-        """
-        Deletes the queues from RabbitMQ.
-
-        Args:
-            configs (list): list of channel configurations
-            app_name (str): application name
-        """
-        for config in configs:
-            if config["app"] == app_name:
-                logger.info(f"Deleting queue: {config['address']}")
-                self.channel.queue_delete(queue=config["address"])
-        logger.info("Successfully deleted queues.")
-
-    def delete_exchange(self, unique_exchanges):
-        """
-        Deletes the exchanges from RabbitMQ.
-
-        Args:
-            unique_exchanges (dict): dictionary of unique exchanges
-        """
-        for exchange_name, exchange_config in unique_exchanges.items():
-            self.channel.exchange_delete(exchange=exchange_name)
-        logger.info("Successfully deleted exchanges.")
-
-    def delete_all_queues_and_exchanges(self):
-        """
-        Deletes all declared queues and exchanges from RabbitMQ.
-        """
-        for queue_name in list(self.declared_queues):
-            try:
-                # self.channel.queue_purge(queue=queue_name)
-                self.channel.queue_delete(queue=queue_name)
-                logger.info(f"Deleted queue: {queue_name}")
-            except Exception as e:
-                logger.error(f"Failed to delete queue {queue_name}: {e}")
-
-        for exchange_name in list(self.declared_exchanges):
-            try:
-                self.channel.exchange_delete(exchange=exchange_name)
-                logger.info(f"Deleted exchange: {exchange_name}")
-            except Exception as e:
-                logger.error(f"Failed to delete exchange {exchange_name}: {e}")
-
-    def stop_consuming(self):
-        """Tell RabbitMQ that you would like to stop consuming by sending the
-        Basic.Cancel RPC command.
-        """
-        if self.channel:
-            logger.info("Sending a Basic.Cancel RPC command to RabbitMQ")
-            cb = functools.partial(self.on_cancelok, userdata=self._consumer_tag)
-            self.channel.basic_cancel(self._consumer_tag, cb)
-
-    def on_cancelok(self, _unused_frame, userdata):
-        """This method is invoked by pika when RabbitMQ acknowledges the
-        cancellation of a consumer. At this point we will close the channel.
-        This will invoke the on_channel_closed method once the channel has been
-        closed, which will in-turn close the connection.
-        :param pika.frame.Method _unused_frame: The Basic.CancelOk frame
-        :param str|unicode userdata: Extra user data (consumer tag)
-        """
-        self._consuming = False
-        logger.info(
-            "RabbitMQ acknowledged the cancellation of the consumer: %s", userdata
-        )
-        self.close_channel()
-        self.stop_loop()
-
-    def close_channel(self):
-        """Call to close the channel with RabbitMQ cleanly by issuing the
-        Channel.Close RPC command.
-        """
-        logger.info("Deleting queues and exchanges.")
-
-        if self.predefined_exchanges_queues:
-            self.delete_queue(self.channel_configs, self.app_name)
-            self.delete_exchange(self.unique_exchanges)
-        else:
-            self.delete_all_queues_and_exchanges()
-
-        logger.info("Closing channel")
-        self.channel.close()
-
-    def stop_loop(self):
-        """Stop the IO loop"""
-        self.connection.ioloop.stop()
-
-    def stop_application(self):
-        """Cleanly shutdown the connection to RabbitMQ by stopping the consumer
-        with RabbitMQ. When RabbitMQ confirms the cancellation, on_cancelok
-        will be invoked by pika, which will then closing the channel and
-        connection. The IOLoop is started again because this method is invoked
-        when CTRL-C is pressed raising a KeyboardInterrupt exception. This
-        exception stops the IOLoop which needs to be running for pika to
-        communicate with RabbitMQ. All of the commands issued prior to starting
-        the IOLoop will be buffered but not processed.
-        """
-        if not self._closing:
-            self._closing = True
-            if self._consuming:
-                self.stop_consuming()
-                # Signal the thread to stop
-                if hasattr(self, "stop_event"):
-                    self.stop_event.set()
-                if hasattr(self, "_should_stop"):
-                    self._should_stop.set()
-                if hasattr(self, "io_thread"):
-                    self._io_thread.join()
-                sys.exit()
-            else:
-                self.connection.ioloop.stop()
-
-    def set_wallclock_offset(
-        self, host="pool.ntp.org", retry_delay_s: int = 5, max_retry: int = 5
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Issues a Network Time Protocol (NTP) request to determine the system clock offset.
-
-        Args:
-            host (str): NTP host (default: 'pool.ntp.org')
-            retry_delay_s (int): number of seconds to wait before retrying
-            max_retry (int): maximum number of retries allowed
-        """
-        for i in range(max_retry):
-            try:
-                logger.info(f"Contacting {host} to retrieve wallclock offset.")
-                response = ntplib.NTPClient().request(host, version=3, timeout=2)
-                offset = timedelta(seconds=response.offset)
-                self.simulator.set_wallclock_offset(offset)
-                logger.info(f"Wallclock offset updated to {offset}.")
-                return
-            except ntplib.NTPException:
-                logger.warn(
-                    f"Could not connect to {host}, attempt #{i+1}/{max_retry} in {retry_delay_s} s."
-                )
-                time.sleep(retry_delay_s)
-
-    def _create_time_status_publisher(
-        self, time_status_step: timedelta, time_status_init: datetime
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Creates a new time status publisher to publish the time status when it changes.
-
-        Args:
-            time_status_step (:obj:`timedelta`): scenario duration between time status messages
-            time_status_init (:obj:`datetime`): scenario time for first time status message
-        """
-        if time_status_step is not None:
-            if self._time_status_publisher is not None:
-                self.simulator.remove_observer(self._time_status_publisher)
-            self._time_status_publisher = TimeStatusPublisher(
-                self, time_status_step, time_status_init
-            )
-            self.simulator.add_observer(self._time_status_publisher)
-
-    def _create_mode_status_observer(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Creates a mode status observer to publish the mode status when it changes.
-        """
-        if self._mode_status_observer is not None:
-            self.simulator.remove_observer(self._mode_status_observer)
-        self._mode_status_observer = ModeStatusObserver(self)
-        self.simulator.add_observer(self._mode_status_observer)
-
-    def _create_shut_down_observer(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Creates an observer to shut down the application when the simulation is terminated.
-        """
-        if self._shut_down_observer is not None:
-            self.simulator.remove_observer(self._shut_down_observer)
-        self._shut_down_observer = ShutDownObserver(self)
-        self.simulator.add_observer(self._shut_down_observer)
+"""
+Provides a base application that publishes messages from a simulator to a broker.
+"""
+
+import functools
+import logging
+import ssl
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from typing import Callable
+
+import ntplib
+import pika
+import urllib3
+from keycloak.exceptions import KeycloakAuthenticationError
+from keycloak.keycloak_openid import KeycloakOpenID
+
+from .application_utils import (  # ConnectionConfig,
+    ModeStatusObserver,
+    ShutDownObserver,
+    TimeStatusPublisher,
+)
+from .configuration import ConnectionConfig
+from .schemas import ReadyStatus
+from .simulator import Simulator
+
+logging.captureWarnings(True)
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+urllib3.disable_warnings()
+
+
+class Application:
+    """
+    Base class for a member application.
+
+    This object class defines the main functionality of a NOS-T application which can be modified for user needs.
+
+    Attributes:
+        prefix (str): The test run namespace (prefix)
+        simulator (:obj:`Simulator`): Application simulator -- calls on the simulator.py class for functionality
+        client (:obj:`Client`): Application MQTT client
+        app_name (str): Test run application name
+        app_description (str): Test run application description (optional)
+        time_status_step (:obj:`timedelta`): Scenario duration between time status messages
+        time_status_init (:obj:`datetime`): Scenario time of first time status message
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, app_name: str, app_description: str = None):
+        """
+        Initializes a new application.
+
+        Args:
+            app_name (str): application name
+            app_description (str): application description (optional)
+        """
+        self.simulator = Simulator()
+        self.connection = None
+        self.channel = None
+        self.prefix = None
+        self.app_name = app_name
+        self.app_description = app_description
+        self._time_status_publisher = None
+        self._mode_status_observer = None
+        self._shut_down_observer = None
+        self.config = None
+        # Connection status
+        self._is_connected = threading.Event()
+        self._is_running = False
+        self._io_thread = None
+        self._consuming = False
+        self._should_stop = threading.Event()
+        self._closing = False
+        # Queues
+        self.channel_configs = []
+        self.unique_exchanges = {}
+        self.declared_queues = set()
+        self.declared_exchanges = set()
+        self.predefined_exchanges_queues = False
+        self._callbacks_per_topic = {}
+        # Token
+        self.refresh_token = None
+        self._token_refresh_thread = None
+        self.token_refresh_interval = None
+        self._reconnect_delay = None
+
+    def ready(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Signals the application is ready to initialize scenario execution.
+        Publishes a :obj:`ReadyStatus` message to the topic `prefix.app_name.status.ready`.
+        """
+        status = ReadyStatus.model_validate(
+            {
+                "name": self.app_name,
+                "description": self.app_description,
+                "properties": {"ready": True},
+            }
+        )
+        self.send_message(
+            app_name=self.app_name,
+            app_topics="status.ready",
+            payload=status.model_dump_json(by_alias=True, exclude_none=True),
+        )
+
+    def new_access_token(self, refresh_token=None):
+        """
+        Obtains a new access token and refresh token from Keycloak. If a refresh token is provided,
+        the access token is refreshed using the refresh token. Otherwise, the access token is obtained
+        using the username and password provided in the configuration.
+
+        Args:
+            refresh_token (str): refresh token (optional)
+        """
+        logger.debug(
+            "Acquiring access token."
+            if not refresh_token
+            else "Refreshing access token."
+        )
+        keycloak_openid = KeycloakOpenID(
+            server_url=f"{'http' if 'localhost' in self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.keycloak.host or '127.0.0.1' in self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.keycloak.host else 'https'}://{self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.keycloak.host}:{self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.keycloak.port}",
+            client_id=self.config.rc.credentials.client_id,
+            realm_name=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.keycloak.realm,
+            client_secret_key=self.config.rc.credentials.client_secret_key,
+            verify=False,
+        )
+        try:
+            if refresh_token:
+                token = keycloak_openid.refresh_token(refresh_token)
+            else:
+                try:
+                    token = keycloak_openid.token(
+                        grant_type="password",
+                        username=self.config.rc.credentials.username,
+                        password=self.config.rc.credentials.password,
+                    )
+                except KeycloakAuthenticationError as e:
+                    logger.error(f"Authentication error without OTP: {e}")
+                    otp = input("Enter OTP: ")
+                    token = keycloak_openid.token(
+                        grant_type="password",
+                        username=self.config.rc.credentials.username,
+                        password=self.config.rc.credentials.password,
+                        totp=otp,
+                    )
+            if "access_token" in token:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Acquiring access token successfully completed."
+                    if not refresh_token
+                    else "Refreshing access token successfully completed."
+                )
+                return token["access_token"], token["refresh_token"]
+            else:
+                raise Exception("Error: The request was unsuccessful.")
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"An error occurred: {e}")
+            raise
+
+    def start_token_refresh_thread(self):
+        """
+        Starts a background thread to refresh the access token periodically.
+        """
+        logger.debug("Starting refresh token thread.")
+
+        def refresh_token_periodically():
+            while not self._should_stop.wait(timeout=self.token_refresh_interval):
+                logger.debug("Token refresh thread is running.")
+                try:
+                    access_token, refresh_token = self.new_access_token(
+                        self.refresh_token
+                    )
+                    self.refresh_token = refresh_token
+                    self.update_connection_credentials(access_token)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.error(f"Failed to refresh access token: {e}")
+
+        self._token_refresh_thread = threading.Thread(target=refresh_token_periodically)
+        self._token_refresh_thread.start()
+        logger.debug("Starting refresh token thread successfully completed.")
+
+    def update_connection_credentials(self, access_token):
+        """
+        Updates the connection credentials with the new access token.
+
+        Args:
+            access_token (str): new access token
+        """
+        self.connection.update_secret(access_token, "secret")
+
+    def start_up(
+        self,
+        prefix: str,
+        config: ConnectionConfig,
+        set_offset: bool = None,  # True,
+        time_status_step: timedelta = None,
+        time_status_init: datetime = None,
+        shut_down_when_terminated: bool = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Starts up the application to prepare for scenario execution.
+        Connects to the message broker and starts a background event loop by establishing the simulation prefix,
+        the connection configuration, and the intervals for publishing time status messages.
+
+        Args:
+            prefix (str): messaging namespace (prefix)
+            config (:obj:`ConnectionConfig`): connection configuration
+            set_offset (bool): True, if the system clock offset shall be set using a NTP request prior to execution
+            time_status_step (:obj:`timedelta`): scenario duration between time status messages
+            time_status_init (:obj:`datetime`): scenario time for first time status message
+            shut_down_when_terminated (bool): True, if the application should shut down when the simulation is terminated
+        """
+        if (
+            set_offset is not None
+            and time_status_step is not None
+            and time_status_init is not None
+            and shut_down_when_terminated is not None
+        ):
+            self.set_offset = set_offset
+            self.time_status_step = time_status_step
+            self.time_status_init = time_status_init
+            self.shut_down_when_terminated = shut_down_when_terminated
+        else:
+            self.config = config
+            parameters = getattr(
+                self.config.rc.simulation_configuration.execution_parameters,
+                self.app_name,
+                None,
+            )
+            self.set_offset = parameters.set_offset
+            self.time_status_step = parameters.time_status_step
+            self.time_status_init = parameters.time_status_init
+            self.shut_down_when_terminated = parameters.shut_down_when_terminated
+
+        if self.set_offset:
+            # Set the system clock offset
+            self.set_wallclock_offset()
+
+        # Set the prefix and configuration parameters
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        self.config = config
+        self._is_running = True
+
+        if self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.keycloak_authentication:
+            # Get the access token and refresh token
+            self.token_refresh_interval = (
+                self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.keycloak.token_refresh_interval
+            )
+            logger.info(
+                f"Keycloak authentication is enabled. Access token will be refreshed every {self.token_refresh_interval} seconds"
+            )
+            access_token, _ = self.new_access_token()
+            self.start_token_refresh_thread()
+            credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("", access_token)
+        else:
+            # Set up credentials
+            credentials = pika.PlainCredentials(
+                self.config.rc.credentials.username,
+                self.config.rc.credentials.password,
+            )
+
+        # Set up connection parameters
+        parameters = pika.ConnectionParameters(
+            host=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.host,
+            virtual_host=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.virtual_host,
+            port=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.port,
+            credentials=credentials,
+            heartbeat=config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.heartbeat,
+            connection_attempts=config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.connection_attempts,
+            retry_delay=config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.retry_delay,
+            socket_timeout=config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.socket_timeout,
+            stack_timeout=config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.stack_timeout,
+            locale=config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.locale,
+        )
+
+        # Configure transport layer security (TLS) if needed
+        if self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.tls:
+            logger.info("Using TLS/SSL.")
+            # Create an SSL context
+            context = ssl.create_default_context()
+            context.check_hostname = False
+            context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
+            # Set SSL options
+            parameters.ssl_options = pika.SSLOptions(context)
+
+        # Save connection parameters for reconnection
+        self._connection_parameters = parameters
+        self._reconnect_delay = (
+            self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.reconnect_delay
+        )
+        logger.info(f"Reconnect delay: {self._reconnect_delay}")
+
+        # Establish non-blocking connection to RabbitMQ
+        self.connection = pika.SelectConnection(
+            parameters=parameters,
+            on_open_callback=self.on_connection_open,
+            on_open_error_callback=self.on_connection_error,
+            on_close_callback=self.on_connection_closed,
+        )
+
+        # Start the I/O loop in a separate thread
+        self._io_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._start_io_loop)
+        self._io_thread.start()
+        self._is_connected.wait()
+
+        if self.config.rc.simulation_configuration.predefined_exchanges_queues:
+            # Get the unique exchanges and channel configurations
+            self.predefined_exchanges_queues = True
+            logger.debug(
+                "Exchanges and queues are predefined in the YAML configuration file."
+            )
+            self.unique_exchanges, self.channel_configs = (
+                self.config.rc.simulation_configuration.exchanges,
+                self.config.rc.simulation_configuration.queues,
+            )
+
+        else:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Exchanges and queues are NOT predefined in the YAML configuration file."
+            )
+
+        # Configure observers
+        self._create_time_status_publisher(self.time_status_step, self.time_status_init)
+        self._create_mode_status_observer()
+        if self.shut_down_when_terminated:
+            self._create_shut_down_observer()
+        logger.info(f"Application {self.app_name} successfully started up.")
+
+    def _start_io_loop(self):
+        """
+        Starts the I/O loop in a separate thread. This allows the application to
+        run in the background while still being able to process messages from RabbitMQ.
+        """
+        self.stop_event = threading.Event()
+        while not self.stop_event.is_set():
+            try:
+                self.connection.ioloop.start()
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"I/O loop error: {e}")
+                break
+
+    def on_channel_open(self, channel):
+        """
+        Callback function for when the channel is opened.
+
+        Args:
+            channel (:obj:`pika.channel.Channel`): channel object
+        """
+        self.channel = channel
+        self.add_on_channel_close_callback()
+
+        # Signal that connection is established
+        self._is_connected.set()
+
+    def add_on_channel_close_callback(self):
+        """This method tells pika to call the on_channel_closed method if
+        RabbitMQ unexpectedly closes the channel.
+        """
+        logger.info("Adding channel close callback")
+        self.channel.add_on_close_callback(self.on_channel_closed)
+
+    def on_channel_closed(self, channel, reason):
+        """
+        Invoked by pika when RabbitMQ unexpectedly closes the channel.
+        Channels are usually closed if you attempt to do something that
+        violates the protocol, such as re-declare an exchange or queue with
+        different parameters. In this case, we'll close the connection
+        to shutdown the object.
+
+        Args:
+            channel (:obj:`pika.channel.Channel`): channel object
+            reason (Exception): exception representing reason for loss of connection
+        """
+        logger.warning(f"Channel {channel} was closed: {reason}")
+        self.close_connection()
+
+    def close_connection(self):
+        """
+        This method is invoked by pika when the connection to RabbitMQ is
+        closed. This method is called when the application is shutting down
+        or when the connection is closed unexpectedly.
+        """
+        self._consuming = False
+        if self.connection.is_closing or self.connection.is_closed:
+            logger.info("Connection is closing or already closed")
+        else:
+            logger.info("Closing connection")
+            self.connection.close()
+
+    def on_connection_error(self, connection, error):
+        """
+        Callback function for when a connection error occurs.
+
+        Args:
+            connection (:obj:`pika.connection.Connection`): connection object
+            error (Exception): exception representing reason for loss of connection
+        """
+        logger.error(f"Connection error: {error}")
+        self._is_connected.clear()
+
+    def on_connection_closed(self, connection, reason):
+        """
+        This method is invoked by pika when the connection to RabbitMQ is
+        closed unexpectedly. Since it is unexpected, we will reconnect to
+        RabbitMQ if it disconnects.
+
+        Args:
+            connection (:obj:`pika.connection.Connection`): connection object
+            reason (Exception): exception representing reason for loss of connection
+        """
+        self.channel = None
+        if self._closing:
+            self.connection.ioloop.stop()
+        else:
+            logger.warning(
+                f"Connection closed, reconnecting in {self._reconnect_delay} seconds: {reason}"
+            )
+            self.connection.ioloop.call_later(self._reconnect_delay, self.reconnect)
+
+    def on_connection_open(self, connection):
+        """
+        This method is invoked by pika when the connection to RabbitMQ has
+        been established. At this point we can create a channel and start
+        consuming messages.
+
+        Args:
+            connection (:obj:`pika.connection.Connection`): connection object
+        """
+        self.connection = connection
+        self.connection.channel(on_open_callback=self.on_channel_open)
+        logger.info("Connection established successfully.")
+
+    def reconnect(self):
+        """
+        Reconnect to RabbitMQ by reinitializing the connection.
+        """
+        if not self._closing:
+            try:
+                logger.info("Attempting to reconnect to RabbitMQ...")
+                self.connection = pika.SelectConnection(
+                    parameters=self._connection_parameters,
+                    on_open_callback=self.on_connection_open,
+                    on_open_error_callback=self.on_connection_error,
+                    on_close_callback=self.on_connection_closed,
+                )
+
+                # Start the I/O loop in a separate thread
+                self._io_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._start_io_loop)
+                self._io_thread.start()
+                self._is_connected.wait()
+                logger.info(
+                    "Attempting to reconnect to RabbitMQ completed successfully."
+                )
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Reconnection attempt failed: {e}")
+                self.connection.ioloop.call_later(self._reconnect_delay, self.reconnect)
+
+    def shut_down(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Shuts down the application by stopping the background event loop and disconnecting from the broker.
+        """
+        if self._time_status_publisher is not None:
+            self.simulator.remove_observer(self._time_status_publisher)
+        self._time_status_publisher = None
+
+        if self.connection:
+            self.stop_application()
+            self._consuming = False
+
+        # Stop the token refresh thread
+        if hasattr(self, "_should_stop"):
+            self._should_stop.set()
+
+        logger.info(f"Application {self.app_name} successfully shut down.")
+
+    def send_message(self, app_name, app_topics, payload: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Sends a message to the broker. The message is sent to the exchange using the routing key. The routing key is created using the application name and topic. The message is published with an expiration of 60 seconds.
+
+        Args:
+            app_name (str): application name
+            app_topics (str or list): topic name or list of topic names
+            payload (str): message payload
+        """
+        if isinstance(app_topics, str):
+            app_topics = [app_topics]
+
+        for app_topic in app_topics:
+            routing_key = self.create_routing_key(app_name=app_name, topic=app_topic)
+            if not self.predefined_exchanges_queues:
+                routing_key, queue_name = self.yamless_declare_bind_queue(
+                    routing_key=routing_key
+                )
+            self.channel.basic_publish(
+                exchange=self.prefix,
+                routing_key=routing_key,
+                body=payload,
+                properties=pika.BasicProperties(
+                    expiration=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.message_expiration,
+                    delivery_mode=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.delivery_mode,
+                    content_type=self.config.rc.server_configuration.servers.rabbitmq.content_type,
+                    app_id=self.app_name,
+                ),
+            )
+            logger.debug(
+                f"Successfully sent message '{payload}' to topic '{routing_key}'."
+            )
+
+    def routing_key_matches_pattern(self, routing_key, pattern):
+        """
+        Check if a routing key matches a wildcard pattern.
+
+        Args:
+            routing_key (str): The actual routing key of the message
+            pattern (str): The pattern which may contain * or # wildcards
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the routing key matches the pattern
+        """
+        # Split both keys into segments
+        route_parts = routing_key.split(".")
+        pattern_parts = pattern.split(".")
+
+        # If # isn't in pattern, both must have same number of parts
+        if "#" not in pattern_parts and len(route_parts) != len(pattern_parts):
+            return False
+
+        i = 0
+        while i < len(pattern_parts):
+            # Handle # wildcard (matches 0 or more segments)
+            if pattern_parts[i] == "#":
+                return True  # # at the end matches everything remaining
+
+            # Handle * wildcard (matches exactly one segment)
+            elif pattern_parts[i] == "*":
+                # Ensure there's a segment to match
+                if i >= len(route_parts):
+                    return False
+                # * matches any single segment, continue to next segment
+                i += 1
+                continue
+
+            # Handle exact match segment
+            else:
+                # If we've run out of route parts or segments don't match
+                if i >= len(route_parts) or pattern_parts[i] != route_parts[i]:
+                    return False
+
+            i += 1
+
+        # If we've gone through all pattern parts, make sure we've used all route parts
+        return len(route_parts) <= i
+
+    def add_message_callback(
+        self, app_name: str, app_topic: str, user_callback: Callable
+    ):
+        """
+        Add callback for a topic, supporting wildcards (* and #) in routing keys.
+        (* matches exactly one word, # matches zero or more words)
+
+        Args:
+            app_name (str): application name
+            app_topic (str): topic name
+            user_callback (Callable): callback function to be called when a message is received
+        """
+        self.was_consuming = True
+        self._consuming = True
+
+        routing_key = self.create_routing_key(app_name=app_name, topic=app_topic)
+
+        # Check if this is the first callback for this routing key pattern
+        if routing_key not in self._callbacks_per_topic:
+            self._callbacks_per_topic[routing_key] = []
+
+            # Only set up the consumer once per topic
+            if not self.predefined_exchanges_queues:
+                # For wildcard subscriptions, use the app_name as queue suffix to ensure uniqueness
+                queue_suffix = self.app_name
+
+                # If using wildcards, bind to the wildcard pattern
+                if "*" in routing_key or "#" in routing_key:
+                    # Create a unique queue name for this wildcard subscription
+                    queue_name = f"{routing_key.replace('*', 'star').replace('#', 'hash')}.{queue_suffix}"
+
+                    # Declare a new queue
+                    self.channel.queue_declare(
+                        queue=queue_name, durable=False, auto_delete=True
+                    )
+
+                    # Bind queue to the exchange with the wildcard pattern
+                    self.channel.queue_bind(
+                        exchange=self.prefix, queue=queue_name, routing_key=routing_key
+                    )
+
+                    # Track the declared queue
+                    self.declared_queues.add(queue_name)
+                else:
+                    # For non-wildcard keys, use the standard approach
+                    routing_key, queue_name = self.yamless_declare_bind_queue(
+                        routing_key=routing_key, app_specific_extender=queue_suffix
+                    )
+
+                self.channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
+                self._consumer_tag = self.channel.basic_consume(
+                    queue=queue_name,
+                    on_message_callback=self._handle_message,
+                    auto_ack=False,
+                )
+
+        # Add the callback to the list for this routing key
+        self._callbacks_per_topic[routing_key].append(user_callback)
+
+    def _handle_message(self, ch, method, properties, body):
+        """
+        Callback for handling messages received from RabbitMQ.
+        Supports both direct routing key matches and wildcard patterns.
+
+        Args:
+            ch (:obj:`pika.channel.Channel`): channel object
+            method (:obj:`pika.spec.Basic.Deliver`): method frame
+            properties (:obj:`pika.spec.BasicProperties`): properties frame
+            body (str): message body
+        """
+        routing_key = method.routing_key
+        logger.debug(f"Received message with routing key: {routing_key}")
+
+        # First check for exact routing key match
+        direct_callbacks = self._callbacks_per_topic.get(routing_key, [])
+
+        # Then find any wildcard patterns that match this routing key
+        wildcard_callbacks = []
+        for pattern, callbacks in self._callbacks_per_topic.items():
+            # Skip exact matches (already handled) and patterns that don't match
+            if pattern == routing_key:
+                continue
+
+            if "*" in pattern or "#" in pattern:
+                if self.routing_key_matches_pattern(routing_key, pattern):
+                    wildcard_callbacks.extend(callbacks)
+
+        # Combine all matching callbacks
+        all_callbacks = direct_callbacks + wildcard_callbacks
+
+        if all_callbacks:
+            logger.debug(
+                f"Found {len(all_callbacks)} callbacks for routing key: {routing_key}"
+            )
+        else:
+            logger.debug(f"No callbacks found for routing key: {routing_key}")
+            # Still acknowledge the message even if no callbacks matched
+            self.acknowledge_message(method.delivery_tag)
+            return
+
+        try:
+            # Execute all callbacks for this message
+            for callback in all_callbacks:
+                callback(ch, method, properties, body)
+
+            # Only acknowledge after all callbacks complete successfully
+            self.acknowledge_message(method.delivery_tag)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error processing message: {e}")
+            # Reject the message if any callback fails
+            if self.channel:
+                self.channel.basic_reject(
+                    delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag, requeue=True
+                )
+
+    def acknowledge_message(self, delivery_tag):
+        """Acknowledge the message delivery from RabbitMQ by sending a
+        Basic.Ack RPC method for the delivery tag.
+
+        Args:
+            delivery_tag (str): The delivery tag of the message to acknowledge
+        """
+        try:
+            logger.debug(f"Acknowledging message {delivery_tag}")
+            self.channel.basic_ack(delivery_tag, True)
+        except:
+            pass
+
+    def create_routing_key(self, app_name: str, topic: str):
+        """
+        Creates a routing key for the application. The routing key is used to bind the queue to the exchange.
+
+        Args:
+            app_name (str): application name
+            topic (str): topic name
+        """
+        routing_key = ".".join([self.prefix, app_name, topic])
+        return routing_key
+
+    def yamless_declare_bind_queue(
+        self, routing_key: str = None, app_specific_extender: str = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Declares and binds a queue to the exchange. The queue is bound to the exchange using the routing key. The routing key is created using the application name and topic.
+
+        Args:
+            routing_key (str): routing key
+            app_specific_extender (str): application-specific extender for the queue name
+        """
+        try:
+            if app_specific_extender:
+                queue_name = ".".join([routing_key, app_specific_extender])
+            else:
+                queue_name = routing_key
+            self.channel.queue_declare(
+                queue=queue_name, durable=False, auto_delete=True
+            )
+            self.channel.queue_bind(
+                exchange=self.prefix, queue=queue_name, routing_key=routing_key
+            )
+            # Create list of declared queues and exchanges
+            self.declared_queues.add(queue_name.strip())
+            self.declared_queues.add(routing_key.strip())
+            self.declared_exchanges.add(self.prefix.strip())
+
+            logger.debug(f"Bound queue '{queue_name}' to topic '{routing_key}'.")
+
+        except:
+            routing_key = None
+            queue_name = None
+            pass
+
+        return routing_key, queue_name
+
+    def delete_queue(self, configs, app_name):
+        """
+        Deletes the queues from RabbitMQ.
+
+        Args:
+            configs (list): list of channel configurations
+            app_name (str): application name
+        """
+        for config in configs:
+            if config["app"] == app_name:
+                logger.info(f"Deleting queue: {config['address']}")
+                self.channel.queue_delete(queue=config["address"])
+        logger.info("Successfully deleted queues.")
+
+    def delete_exchange(self, unique_exchanges):
+        """
+        Deletes the exchanges from RabbitMQ.
+
+        Args:
+            unique_exchanges (dict): dictionary of unique exchanges
+        """
+        for exchange_name, exchange_config in unique_exchanges.items():
+            self.channel.exchange_delete(exchange=exchange_name)
+        logger.info("Successfully deleted exchanges.")
+
+    def delete_all_queues_and_exchanges(self):
+        """
+        Deletes all declared queues and exchanges from RabbitMQ.
+        """
+        for queue_name in list(self.declared_queues):
+            try:
+                # self.channel.queue_purge(queue=queue_name)
+                self.channel.queue_delete(queue=queue_name)
+                logger.info(f"Deleted queue: {queue_name}")
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Failed to delete queue {queue_name}: {e}")
+
+        for exchange_name in list(self.declared_exchanges):
+            try:
+                self.channel.exchange_delete(exchange=exchange_name)
+                logger.info(f"Deleted exchange: {exchange_name}")
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Failed to delete exchange {exchange_name}: {e}")
+
+    def stop_consuming(self):
+        """Tell RabbitMQ that you would like to stop consuming by sending the
+        Basic.Cancel RPC command.
+        """
+        if self.channel:
+            logger.info("Sending a Basic.Cancel RPC command to RabbitMQ")
+            cb = functools.partial(self.on_cancelok, userdata=self._consumer_tag)
+            self.channel.basic_cancel(self._consumer_tag, cb)
+
+    def on_cancelok(self, _unused_frame, userdata):
+        """This method is invoked by pika when RabbitMQ acknowledges the
+        cancellation of a consumer. At this point we will close the channel.
+        This will invoke the on_channel_closed method once the channel has been
+        closed, which will in-turn close the connection.
+
+        Args:
+            _unused_frame (:obj:`pika.frame.Method`): The Basic.CancelOk frame
+            userdata (str|unicode): Extra user data (consumer tag)
+        """
+        self._consuming = False
+        logger.info(
+            "RabbitMQ acknowledged the cancellation of the consumer: %s", userdata
+        )
+        self.close_channel()
+        self.stop_loop()
+
+    def close_channel(self):
+        """Call to close the channel with RabbitMQ cleanly by issuing the
+        Channel.Close RPC command.
+        """
+        logger.info("Deleting queues and exchanges.")
+
+        if self.predefined_exchanges_queues:
+            self.delete_queue(self.channel_configs, self.app_name)
+            self.delete_exchange(self.unique_exchanges)
+        else:
+            self.delete_all_queues_and_exchanges()
+
+        logger.info("Closing channel")
+        self.channel.close()
+
+    def stop_loop(self):
+        """Stop the IO loop"""
+        self.connection.ioloop.stop()
+
+    def stop_application(self):
+        """Cleanly shutdown the connection to RabbitMQ by stopping the consumer
+        with RabbitMQ. When RabbitMQ confirms the cancellation, on_cancelok
+        will be invoked by pika, which will then closing the channel and
+        connection. The IOLoop is started again because this method is invoked
+        when CTRL-C is pressed raising a KeyboardInterrupt exception. This
+        exception stops the IOLoop which needs to be running for pika to
+        communicate with RabbitMQ. All of the commands issued prior to starting
+        the IOLoop will be buffered but not processed.
+        """
+        if not self._closing:
+            self._closing = True
+            if self._consuming:
+                self.stop_consuming()
+                # Signal the thread to stop
+                if hasattr(self, "stop_event"):
+                    self.stop_event.set()
+                if hasattr(self, "_should_stop"):
+                    self._should_stop.set()
+                if hasattr(self, "io_thread"):
+                    self._io_thread.join()
+                sys.exit()
+            else:
+                self.connection.ioloop.stop()
+
+    def set_wallclock_offset(
+        self, host="pool.ntp.org", retry_delay_s: int = 5, max_retry: int = 5
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Issues a Network Time Protocol (NTP) request to determine the system clock offset.
+
+        Args:
+            host (str): NTP host (default: 'pool.ntp.org')
+            retry_delay_s (int): number of seconds to wait before retrying
+            max_retry (int): maximum number of retries allowed
+        """
+        for i in range(max_retry):
+            try:
+                logger.info(f"Contacting {host} to retrieve wallclock offset.")
+                response = ntplib.NTPClient().request(host, version=3, timeout=2)
+                offset = timedelta(seconds=response.offset)
+                self.simulator.set_wallclock_offset(offset)
+                logger.info(f"Wallclock offset updated to {offset}.")
+                return
+            except ntplib.NTPException:
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"Could not connect to {host}, attempt #{i+1}/{max_retry} in {retry_delay_s} s."
+                )
+                time.sleep(retry_delay_s)
+
+    def _create_time_status_publisher(
+        self, time_status_step: timedelta, time_status_init: datetime
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Creates a new time status publisher to publish the time status when it changes.
+
+        Args:
+            time_status_step (:obj:`timedelta`): scenario duration between time status messages
+            time_status_init (:obj:`datetime`): scenario time for first time status message
+        """
+        if time_status_step is not None:
+            if self._time_status_publisher is not None:
+                self.simulator.remove_observer(self._time_status_publisher)
+            self._time_status_publisher = TimeStatusPublisher(
+                self, time_status_step, time_status_init
+            )
+            self.simulator.add_observer(self._time_status_publisher)
+
+    def _create_mode_status_observer(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Creates a mode status observer to publish the mode status when it changes.
+        """
+        if self._mode_status_observer is not None:
+            self.simulator.remove_observer(self._mode_status_observer)
+        self._mode_status_observer = ModeStatusObserver(self)
+        self.simulator.add_observer(self._mode_status_observer)
+
+    def _create_shut_down_observer(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Creates an observer to shut down the application when the simulation is terminated.
+        """
+        if self._shut_down_observer is not None:
+            self.simulator.remove_observer(self._shut_down_observer)
+        self._shut_down_observer = ShutDownObserver(self)
+        self.simulator.add_observer(self._shut_down_observer)