napistu 0.4.1__py3-none-any.whl → 0.4.3__py3-none-any.whl

napistu/statistics/quantiles.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+"""Module for comparing observed values to null distributions."""
+
+import logging
+
+import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def calculate_quantiles(
+    observed_df: pd.DataFrame, null_df: pd.DataFrame
+) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    """
+    Calculate quantiles of observed scores relative to null distributions using
+    ultra-fast vectorized operations.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    observed_df : pd.DataFrame
+        DataFrame with features as index and attributes as columns containing
+        observed scores.
+    null_df : pd.DataFrame
+        DataFrame with null scores, features as index (multiple rows per feature)
+        and attributes as columns.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pd.DataFrame
+        DataFrame with same structure as observed_df containing quantiles.
+        Each value represents the proportion of null values <= observed value.
+    """
+
+    if not observed_df.columns.equals(null_df.columns):
+        raise ValueError("Column names must match between observed and null data")
+
+    # Validate all features present
+    missing_features = set(observed_df.index) - set(null_df.index)
+    if missing_features:
+        raise ValueError(f"Missing features in null data: {missing_features}")
+
+    # Check for NaN values
+    if observed_df.isna().any().any():
+        raise ValueError("NaN values found in observed data")
+    if null_df.isna().any().any():
+        raise ValueError("NaN values found in null data")
+
+    # Check for unequal sample sizes and warn
+    null_grouped = null_df.groupby(level=0)
+    sample_counts = {name: len(group) for name, group in null_grouped}
+    if len(set(sample_counts.values())) > 1:
+        logger.warning("Unequal null sample counts per feature may affect results")
+
+    # Convert to numpy arrays for speed
+    observed_values = observed_df.values
+
+    # Group null data and stack into 3D array
+    null_grouped = null_df.groupby(level=0)
+
+    # Get the maximum number of null samples per feature
+    max_null_samples = max(len(group) for _, group in null_grouped)
+
+    # Pre-allocate 3D array: [features, null_samples, attributes]
+    null_array = np.full(
+        (len(observed_df), max_null_samples, len(observed_df.columns)), np.nan
+    )
+
+    # Fill the null array
+    for i, (feature, group) in enumerate(null_grouped):
+        feature_idx = observed_df.index.get_loc(feature)
+        null_array[feature_idx, : len(group)] = group.values
+
+    # Broadcast comparison: observed[features, 1, attributes] vs null[features, samples, attributes]
+    # This creates a boolean array of shape [features, null_samples, attributes]
+    # Less than or equal to is used to calculate the quantile consistent with the R quantile function
+    comparisons = null_array <= observed_values[:, np.newaxis, :]
+
+    # Calculate quantiles by taking mean along the null_samples axis
+    # Use nanmean to handle padded NaN values
+    quantiles = np.nanmean(comparisons, axis=1)
+
+    return pd.DataFrame(quantiles, index=observed_df.index, columns=observed_df.columns)

napistu/utils.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import zipfile
 from contextlib import closing
 from itertools import starmap
 from textwrap import fill
-from typing import Any, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, List, Union
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 from pathlib import Path
 from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
@@ -1131,6 +1131,28 @@ def safe_fill(x: str, fill_width: int = 15) -> str:
         return fill(x, fill_width)
 
 
+def match_regex_dict(s: str, regex_dict: Dict[str, any]) -> Optional[any]:
+    """
+    Apply each regex in regex_dict to the string s. If a regex matches, return its value.
+    If no regex matches, return None.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    s : str
+        The string to test.
+    regex_dict : dict
+        Dictionary where keys are regex patterns (str), and values are the values to return.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    The value associated with the first matching regex, or None if no match.
+    """
+    for pattern, value in regex_dict.items():
+        if re.search(pattern, s):
+            return value
+    return None
+
+
 def _add_nameness_score_wrapper(df, name_var, table_schema):
     """Call _add_nameness_score with default value."""
 

{napistu-0.4.1.dist-info → napistu-0.4.3.dist-info}/METADATA

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.4
 Name: napistu
-Version: 0.4.1
+Version: 0.4.3
 Summary: Connecting high-dimensional data to curated pathways
 Home-page: https://github.com/napistu/napistu-py
 Author: Sean Hackett

{napistu-0.4.1.dist-info → napistu-0.4.3.dist-info}/RECORD

@@ -1,29 +1,30 @@
 napistu/__init__.py,sha256=dFXAhIqlTLJMwowS4BUDT08-Vy3Q0u1L0CMCErSZT1Y,239
 napistu/__main__.py,sha256=xwlbh_0Ig3a-yG6BIJRiDPSN9R2HnX2pEBvlodlO6h4,29015
-napistu/consensus.py,sha256=xWXiqIM6ot-SSPJZXTrVpohbINSCkZXBtRi-5REfk_g,69897
+napistu/consensus.py,sha256=SDw58vkDivzy5AiOQUnf5vUbFxmSrMGMMmptDMZhk0E,69807
 napistu/constants.py,sha256=8sp1l0cxu2rsnCrWBEEwhcBKvDtc4u0D0f_72zILLW0,13427
 napistu/identifiers.py,sha256=e2-nTVzr5AINa0y1ER9218bKXyF2kAeJ9At22S4Z00o,33914
 napistu/indices.py,sha256=Zjg3gE0JQ3T879lCPazYg-WXVE6hvcAr713ZKpJ32rk,9830
 napistu/sbml_dfs_core.py,sha256=s0OyoHs-AjOcbZu1d3KNkW_PI7Rxbhu5ZLpfQeO4iY8,72639
-napistu/sbml_dfs_utils.py,sha256=w5dFcJFDKnKDK9jxPOCuCW8IccxdXmyNmP9vCUhVdf8,46184
-napistu/source.py,sha256=UGpN70bqbC9gnKmM0ivSdQYim9hfzgABeXoQKzRr9oU,13646
-napistu/utils.py,sha256=PEAsLn7VGN8JlNJQcAMYpjF1gr2mWmb5IqBsypP9hi0,35768
+napistu/sbml_dfs_utils.py,sha256=SOy1Ii2hDFOfQa7pFAJS9EfAmfBVD_sHvDJBVmCN_p8,46456
+napistu/source.py,sha256=iDDKpN-4k_W_tyxEjqe_z-yPJv7uoFRRBhkiBtOH5C8,20416
+napistu/utils.py,sha256=p2sJxTklmV30XS6hanJRjcdfgeaZpkULuMyQX3BPP0c,36404
 napistu/context/__init__.py,sha256=LQBEqipcHKK0E5UlDEg1ct-ymCs93IlUrUaH8BCevf0,242
 napistu/context/discretize.py,sha256=Qq7zg46F_I-PvQIT2_pEDQV7YEtUQCxKoRvT5Gu9QsE,15052
 napistu/context/filtering.py,sha256=l1oq-43ysSGqU9VmhTOO_pYT4DSMf20yxvktPC1MI0I,13696
 napistu/gcs/__init__.py,sha256=dFXAhIqlTLJMwowS4BUDT08-Vy3Q0u1L0CMCErSZT1Y,239
-napistu/gcs/constants.py,sha256=5hLp1pL7SHEiscLNKcdI4IeOP4vUaasBCIHJrEedl0o,2909
+napistu/gcs/constants.py,sha256=CuWsLXC1ZvOIRCQy7-ZeZdgRPmCVAqzvMuzJakGRk10,2923
 napistu/gcs/downloads.py,sha256=SvGv9WYr_Vt3guzyz1QiAuBndeKPTBtWSFLj1-QbLf4,6348
 napistu/gcs/utils.py,sha256=eLSsvewWJdCguyj2k0ozUGP5BTemaE1PZg41Z3aY5kM,571
 napistu/ingestion/__init__.py,sha256=dFXAhIqlTLJMwowS4BUDT08-Vy3Q0u1L0CMCErSZT1Y,239
 napistu/ingestion/bigg.py,sha256=f65--8ARe248eYCUJpFMF284Wz53sLyFyBuwelxHmJA,4340
-napistu/ingestion/constants.py,sha256=9UP47VImZ11q0kz17N3EJg2155USqLewwNWyKpA-cbA,8089
+napistu/ingestion/constants.py,sha256=jo3v8Z7Y_tNNhTmEcokVOh1HBJFAXc-Z38S4mG58qfo,10059
 napistu/ingestion/gtex.py,sha256=X0hSC1yrpf4xSJWFhpeNcnHwJzKDII2MvjfUqYA0JN8,3720
 napistu/ingestion/hpa.py,sha256=R27ExrryKQ4Crxv9ATXmBJCa-yd01TMOrDjkeBhIQac,5054
 napistu/ingestion/identifiers_etl.py,sha256=6ppDUA6lEZurdmVbiFLOUzphYbr-hndMhtqsQnq_yAc,5009
 napistu/ingestion/napistu_edgelist.py,sha256=4RLXsoIk_-Atu-Nqme_t1JpEpBET26VIY2Y_Hcd3sMw,3580
 napistu/ingestion/obo.py,sha256=AQkIPWbjA464Lma0tx91JucWkIwLjC7Jgv5VHGRTDkE,9601
 napistu/ingestion/psi_mi.py,sha256=5eJjm7XWogL9oTyGqR52kntHClLwLsTePKqCvUGyi-w,10111
+napistu/ingestion/reactom_fi.py,sha256=hKdOY2wNtcNk6WlnHnNalryiXv6mtcWUiBW9isXPB0Y,6991
 napistu/ingestion/reactome.py,sha256=Hn9X-vDp4o_HK-OtaQvel3vJeZ8_TC1-4N2rruK9Oks,7099
 napistu/ingestion/sbml.py,sha256=l8Z98yWuOIRGns8G4UNnoQz7v_xmukZb_IZ_5ye34Ko,25296
 napistu/ingestion/string.py,sha256=go1WGTkoLJejX7GQWf9bFeInFGAw4jNSpS2B_Zr5f_s,11364
@@ -58,17 +59,17 @@ napistu/modify/gaps.py,sha256=CV-bdSfanhrnCIFVWfNuQJbtjvj4hsEwheKYR-Z3tNA,26844
 napistu/modify/pathwayannot.py,sha256=xuBSMDFWbg_d6-Gzv0Td3Q5nnFTa-Qzic48g1b1AZtQ,48081
 napistu/modify/uncompartmentalize.py,sha256=y5LkXn5x6u80dB_McfAIh88BxZGIAVFLujkP7sPNRh0,9690
 napistu/network/__init__.py,sha256=dFXAhIqlTLJMwowS4BUDT08-Vy3Q0u1L0CMCErSZT1Y,239
-napistu/network/constants.py,sha256=LPsMtbAoier9Qor9REA7UIx7vnBtDpxMbcv3yI-c-2s,6441
+napistu/network/constants.py,sha256=nG_lUZYLgop8oxOGjDYqvxXJzVdOwKZ3aWnxlhtSaIo,6915
 napistu/network/data_handling.py,sha256=KncrAKjXI3169BgVE-SnY8FkpVF60JnUwfMHtbqvsTc,14725
-napistu/network/ig_utils.py,sha256=JSlf_sZtw3DiiSIiYJ2YqJFEP4hVJMwNRox2qYTA4zY,11470
+napistu/network/ig_utils.py,sha256=MuyEyOVtSHndil6QuuRCimBZrJ2jTaF5qQESgYlu02M,17042
 napistu/network/neighborhoods.py,sha256=g5QeGaizSfW4nNe9YZY86g8q79EQmuvSwipaNPnOVqA,56121
-napistu/network/net_create.py,sha256=Ylt4osGWPfj9MSDPy67pOTmLERGtS3cStR94UaqmXes,59082
+napistu/network/net_create.py,sha256=66kV_xoWnu4BVLaJZ1TAC7wBSsjPDqjoAXH-X9ShV3s,59091
 napistu/network/net_create_utils.py,sha256=zajwaz2xAij_9fEnD77SgBw_EnNAnJ8jBCmmK2rk_bA,24672
-napistu/network/net_propagation.py,sha256=S70zl0W4aYu5RPf5PZh829xT1xUyeTdi3TcIaFeYMww,4924
+napistu/network/net_propagation.py,sha256=Il5nDOWh3nLz8gRhDFHGp2LxcvJ9C1twiSZjDeiZMUo,23490
 napistu/network/ng_core.py,sha256=dGnTUKR4WtnvaYMyIHqqF55FY4mJSa7wjA2LZ4cVB6U,11720
-napistu/network/ng_utils.py,sha256=c1tHXz_JcH01D5KovNQmRLTEVxpCkCe36otULq-liz8,15579
+napistu/network/ng_utils.py,sha256=ahSm-8M2pV662V7MMVcGaoguBM55_y-F7LDmZSVp9ag,15951
 napistu/network/paths.py,sha256=r6LVKVvX7i3ctBA5r-xvHfpH5Zsd0VDHUCtin2iag20,17453
-napistu/network/precompute.py,sha256=ibL0ByY7Wp5kEfIG3LUDpQKdvAeQX0DNkT_46g2YrGc,8367
+napistu/network/precompute.py,sha256=ARU2tktWnxFISaHAY8chpkg8pusZPv7TT5jSIB9eFF0,10081
 napistu/ontologies/__init__.py,sha256=dFXAhIqlTLJMwowS4BUDT08-Vy3Q0u1L0CMCErSZT1Y,239
 napistu/ontologies/constants.py,sha256=GyOFvezSxDK1VigATcruTKtNhjcYaid1ggulEf_HEtQ,4345
 napistu/ontologies/dogma.py,sha256=VVj6NKBgNym4SdOSu8g22OohALj7cbObhIJmdY2Sfy0,8860
@@ -83,7 +84,10 @@ napistu/rpy2/rids.py,sha256=AfXLTfTdonfspgAHYO0Ph7jSUWv8YuyT8x3fyLfAqc8,3413
 napistu/scverse/__init__.py,sha256=Lgxr3iMQAkTzXE9BNz93CndNP5djzerLvmHM-D0PU3I,357
 napistu/scverse/constants.py,sha256=0iAkhyJUIeFGHdLLU3fCaEU1O3Oix4qAsxr3CxGTjVs,653
 napistu/scverse/loading.py,sha256=jqiE71XB-wdV50GyZrauFNY0Lai4bX9Fm2Gv80VR8t8,27016
-napistu-0.4.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=kW8wVT__JWoHjl2BbbJDAZInWa9AxzJeR_uv6-i5x1g,1063
+napistu/statistics/__init__.py,sha256=dFXAhIqlTLJMwowS4BUDT08-Vy3Q0u1L0CMCErSZT1Y,239
+napistu/statistics/hypothesis_testing.py,sha256=k0mBFAMF0XHVcKwS26aPnEbq_FIUVwXU1gZ6cKfFbCk,2190
+napistu/statistics/quantiles.py,sha256=1-LnmVzC2CQWxCKUh0yi6YfKrbsZM1-kkD7nu2-aS5s,3042
+napistu-0.4.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=kW8wVT__JWoHjl2BbbJDAZInWa9AxzJeR_uv6-i5x1g,1063
 tests/__init__.py,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
 tests/conftest.py,sha256=t-GHb0MvSsC-MyhkFpOy2K3t5fi7eaig_Rc2xEQC-t8,9678
 tests/test_consensus.py,sha256=Hzfrgp4SpkRDnEMVMD3f0UInSycndB8kKzC4wDDvRas,15076
@@ -104,15 +108,15 @@ tests/test_mcp_config.py,sha256=GTu9vywqAHTYkolywdYS_BEIW3gBzs4A4qcneMSPpRk,7007
 tests/test_mcp_documentation_utils.py,sha256=OW0N2N_2IOktbYTcCWhhWz4bANi8IB60l1q3DJi8Ra4,810
 tests/test_mcp_server.py,sha256=bP3PWVQsEfX6-lAgXKP32njdg__o65n2WuLvkxTTHkQ,11215
 tests/test_network_data_handling.py,sha256=4aS8z2AlKkVd-JhK4BQ8fjeiW8_bJ1hZ3cc71Jh7Glk,12716
-tests/test_network_ig_utils.py,sha256=Buoh570mNm5pcac3Hf6f3pevCjWfBwPfKuD8IkDLg58,2120
+tests/test_network_ig_utils.py,sha256=XihmEpX890sr-LYmsb_t4aN0sKIDWCnXkTpDhpuTDmw,7199
 tests/test_network_neighborhoods.py,sha256=8BV17m5X1OUd5FwasTTYUOkNYUHDPUkxOKH_VZCsyBE,631
 tests/test_network_net_create.py,sha256=L0U91b4jVHDuC3DFo-_BUFVuv4GuSxZuLAo7r-7EJxY,12877
 tests/test_network_net_create_utils.py,sha256=0J6KIh2HBc4koFsvwMaul1QRtj5x92kR9HBdDZajnAw,18971
-tests/test_network_net_propagation.py,sha256=9pKkUdduWejH4iKNCJXKFzAkdNpCfrMbiUWySgI_LH4,3244
+tests/test_network_net_propagation.py,sha256=kZeDHD93iMrLVvxO4OyfRH5_vgsYeQyC40OI9Dsb0xY,14999
 tests/test_network_ng_core.py,sha256=w-iNBTtenennJhaLFauk952pEsk7W0-Fa8lPvIRqHyY,628
 tests/test_network_ng_utils.py,sha256=QVVuRnvCRfTSIlGdwQTIF9lr0wOwoc5gGeXAUY_AdgE,713
 tests/test_network_paths.py,sha256=TWZnxY5bF3m6gahcxcYJGrBIawh2-_vUcec1LyPmXV8,1686
-tests/test_network_precompute.py,sha256=zwJrKNC3s8rIrsyAQfQMYxbl8HZXUr7u09nMJ_K8jiU,9005
+tests/test_network_precompute.py,sha256=IPr1KhtxBD0fXx_2TvZqnevrD-Iig35otb8yloRFpRc,10014
 tests/test_ontologies_genodexito.py,sha256=6fINyUiubHZqu7qxye09DQfJXw28ZMAJc3clPb-cCoY,2298
 tests/test_ontologies_id_tables.py,sha256=CpwpbmQvTc1BaVd6jbDKHAVE2etwN0vx93nC8jpnMlE,7265
 tests/test_ontologies_mygene.py,sha256=VkdRcKIWmcG6V-2dpfvsBiOJN5dO-j0RqZNxtJRcyBU,1583
@@ -122,17 +126,18 @@ tests/test_rpy2_callr.py,sha256=V4a-QH5krgYOQRgqzksMzIkGAFjBqKOAqgprxrH6bE0,2904
 tests/test_rpy2_init.py,sha256=T3gnxC1O7XNvYM2P4018ikpPPAy-kwQLm7Erj0RfA-4,5895
 tests/test_sbml.py,sha256=f25zj1NogYrmLluvBDboLameTuCiQ309433Qn3iPvhg,1483
 tests/test_sbml_dfs_core.py,sha256=nnLPpZTVtCznOBohk7CX67x6sMqktJWt-sZMWQKoaDs,26521
-tests/test_sbml_dfs_utils.py,sha256=gWIhzUEtQlOR9c1TiCyhlSAELmWnBSncn6vCEqH5hl0,11029
+tests/test_sbml_dfs_utils.py,sha256=ZD9x2B81fsfYEjAV9wphHOR7ywjNcfvfw1LGNv4PxUA,11471
 tests/test_sbo.py,sha256=x_PENFaXYsrZIzOZu9cj_Wrej7i7SNGxgBYYvcigLs0,308
 tests/test_scverse_loading.py,sha256=bnU1lQSYYWhOAs0IIBoi4ZohqPokDQJ0n_rtkAfEyMU,29948
-tests/test_set_coverage.py,sha256=J-6m6LuOjcQa9pxRuWglSfJk4Ltm7kt_eOrn_Q-7P6Q,1604
-tests/test_source.py,sha256=hT0IlpexR5zP0OhWl5BBaho9d1aCYQlFZLwRIRRnw_Y,1969
+tests/test_source.py,sha256=iV-Yyu8flhIGWF17SCL8msG2bjqwb9w2IZ694b0iZ-o,2985
+tests/test_statistics_hypothesis_testing.py,sha256=qD-oS9zo5JlH-jdtiOrWAKI4nKFuZvvh6361_pFSpIs,2259
+tests/test_statistics_quantiles.py,sha256=yNDeqwgbP-1Rx3C_dLX_wnwT_Lr-iJWClmeKmElqmTE,4984
 tests/test_uncompartmentalize.py,sha256=nAk5kfAVLU9a2VWe2x2HYVcKqj-EnwmwddERIPRax8c,1289
 tests/test_utils.py,sha256=qPSpV-Q9b6vmdycgaDmQqtcvzKnAVnN9j5xJ9x-T6bg,23959
 tests/utils.py,sha256=SoWQ_5roJteFGcMaOeEiQ5ucwq3Z2Fa3AAs9iXHTsJY,749
 tests/test_data/__init__.py,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
-napistu-0.4.1.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=zl_710wCsatB3lKZAgHba-MLEOPSDOyrxs3b5FB6toA,4078
-napistu-0.4.1.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=_zCd3N1l69ArxyTb8rzEoP9TpbYXkqRFSNOD5OuxnTs,91
-napistu-0.4.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=_QnaPOvJNA3IltxmZgWIiBoen-L1bPYX18YQfC7oJgQ,41
-napistu-0.4.1.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=Gpvk0a_PjrtqhYcQ9IDr3zR5LqpZ-uIHidQMIpjlvhY,14
-napistu-0.4.1.dist-info/RECORD,,
+napistu-0.4.3.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=gV0a41vyQ52Ja15QyLSPGfeIJPj6oQRTC00HsxJjG88,4078
+napistu-0.4.3.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=_zCd3N1l69ArxyTb8rzEoP9TpbYXkqRFSNOD5OuxnTs,91
+napistu-0.4.3.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=_QnaPOvJNA3IltxmZgWIiBoen-L1bPYX18YQfC7oJgQ,41
+napistu-0.4.3.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=Gpvk0a_PjrtqhYcQ9IDr3zR5LqpZ-uIHidQMIpjlvhY,14
+napistu-0.4.3.dist-info/RECORD,,

tests/test_network_ig_utils.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import igraph as ig
+import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
 from napistu.network import ig_utils
@@ -57,3 +59,134 @@ def test_filter_to_largest_subgraphs(multi_component_graph):
     # Test invalid top_k
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         ig_utils.filter_to_largest_subgraphs(multi_component_graph, top_k=0)
+
+
+def test_mask_functions_valid_inputs():
+    """Test mask functions with various valid input formats."""
+    # Create real graph with attributes
+    graph = ig.Graph(5)
+    graph.vs["attr1"] = [0, 1, 2, 0, 3]
+    graph.vs["attr2"] = [1, 0, 1, 2, 0]
+    graph.vs["name"] = ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]
+
+    attributes = ["attr1", "attr2"]
+
+    # Test 1: None input
+    specs = ig_utils._parse_mask_input(None, attributes)
+    assert specs == {"attr1": None, "attr2": None}
+
+    masks = ig_utils._get_attribute_masks(graph, specs)
+    assert np.array_equal(masks["attr1"], np.ones(5, dtype=bool))
+    assert np.array_equal(masks["attr2"], np.ones(5, dtype=bool))
+
+    # Test 2: "attr" keyword
+    specs = ig_utils._parse_mask_input("attr", attributes)
+    assert specs == {"attr1": "attr1", "attr2": "attr2"}
+
+    masks = ig_utils._get_attribute_masks(graph, specs)
+    assert np.array_equal(masks["attr1"], np.array([False, True, True, False, True]))
+    assert np.array_equal(masks["attr2"], np.array([True, False, True, True, False]))
+
+    # Test 3: Single attribute name
+    specs = ig_utils._parse_mask_input("attr1", attributes)
+    assert specs == {"attr1": "attr1", "attr2": "attr1"}
+
+    # Test 4: Boolean array
+    bool_mask = np.array([True, False, True, False, False])
+    specs = ig_utils._parse_mask_input(bool_mask, attributes)
+    masks = ig_utils._get_attribute_masks(graph, specs)
+    assert np.array_equal(masks["attr1"], bool_mask)
+    assert np.array_equal(masks["attr2"], bool_mask)
+
+    # Test 5: Node indices list
+    indices = [0, 2, 4]
+    specs = ig_utils._parse_mask_input(indices, attributes)
+    masks = ig_utils._get_attribute_masks(graph, specs)
+    expected = np.array([True, False, True, False, True])
+    assert np.array_equal(masks["attr1"], expected)
+
+    # Test 6: Node names list
+    names = ["A", "C", "E"]
+    specs = ig_utils._parse_mask_input(names, attributes)
+    masks = ig_utils._get_attribute_masks(graph, specs)
+    assert np.array_equal(masks["attr1"], expected)
+
+    # Test 7: Dictionary input
+    mask_dict = {"attr1": "attr1", "attr2": None}
+    specs = ig_utils._parse_mask_input(mask_dict, attributes)
+    assert specs == mask_dict
+
+    masks = ig_utils._get_attribute_masks(graph, specs)
+    assert np.array_equal(masks["attr1"], np.array([False, True, True, False, True]))
+    assert np.array_equal(masks["attr2"], np.ones(5, dtype=bool))
+
+
+def test_mask_functions_error_cases():
+    """Test mask functions with invalid inputs that should raise errors."""
+    # Graph without name attribute
+    graph_no_names = ig.Graph(3)
+    graph_no_names.vs["attr1"] = [1, 2, 3]
+
+    # Graph with names
+    graph = ig.Graph(3)
+    graph.vs["attr1"] = [1, 2, 3]
+    graph.vs["name"] = ["A", "B", "C"]
+
+    attributes = ["attr1", "attr2"]
+
+    # Test 1: Invalid mask type
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid mask input type"):
+        ig_utils._parse_mask_input(123, attributes)
+
+    # Test 2: Missing attribute in dictionary
+    incomplete_dict = {"attr1": None}  # Missing 'attr2'
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, match="Attribute 'attr2' not found in mask dictionary"
+    ):
+        ig_utils._parse_mask_input(incomplete_dict, attributes)
+
+    # Test 3: String mask for graph without names
+    specs = {"attr1": ["A", "B"]}
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, match="Graph has no 'name' attribute for string mask"
+    ):
+        ig_utils._get_attribute_masks(graph_no_names, specs)
+
+    # Test 4: Invalid mask specification type in _get_attribute_masks
+    specs = {"attr1": 123}  # Invalid type
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, match="Invalid mask specification for attribute 'attr1'"
+    ):
+        ig_utils._get_attribute_masks(graph, specs)
+
+
+def test_ensure_nonnegative_vertex_attribute():
+    """Test _ensure_valid_attribute with various valid and invalid inputs."""
+    # Create test graph
+    graph = ig.Graph(4)
+    graph.vs["good_attr"] = [1.0, 2.0, 0.0, 3.0]
+    graph.vs["zero_attr"] = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+    graph.vs["negative_attr"] = [1.0, -1.0, 2.0, 0.0]
+    graph.vs["mixed_attr"] = [1.0, None, 2.0, 0.0]  # Some None values
+
+    # Test 1: Valid attribute
+    result = ig_utils._ensure_valid_attribute(graph, "good_attr")
+    expected = np.array([1.0, 2.0, 0.0, 3.0])
+    assert np.array_equal(result, expected)
+
+    # Test 2: Attribute with None values (should be replaced with 0)
+    result = ig_utils._ensure_valid_attribute(graph, "mixed_attr")
+    expected = np.array([1.0, 0.0, 2.0, 0.0])
+    assert np.array_equal(result, expected)
+
+    # Test 3: All zero values
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="zero for all vertices"):
+        ig_utils._ensure_valid_attribute(graph, "zero_attr")
+
+    # Test 4: Negative values
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="contains negative values"):
+        ig_utils._ensure_valid_attribute(graph, "negative_attr")
+
+    # Test 5: Missing attribute
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="missing for all vertices"):
+        ig_utils._ensure_valid_attribute(graph, "nonexistent_attr")