myawesomepkg 0.1.2__py3-none-any.whl → 0.1.4__py3-none-any.whl

myawesomepkg/TSAPY1/tsa_practical_no_1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""TSA_Practical_No_1.ipynb
+
+Automatically generated by Colab.
+
+Original file is located at
+    https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1-xNPJwhkAO4KzKFMvXII92dc9Y_VTQ8H
+
+**Practical No 1:**
+**Aim: Handling timeseries data**
+
+a. Import timeseries data
+
+b. Visualizing timeseries data using various plot
+
+# **A. Load and Explore Time Series Data**
+"""
+
+from pandas import read_csv
+series = read_csv('/content/daily-total-female-births.csv', header=0, index_col=0, parse_dates=True)
+print(type(series))
+print(series.head())
+
+"""The arguments to the **readcsv()** function. We provide it a number of hints to ensure the data is loaded as a Series.
+
+1.  **header=0:** We must specify the header information at row 0.
+2.   **parse_dates=True:** We give the function a hint that data in the first column contains dates that need to be parsed.
+3. **index_col=0:** We hint that the first column contains the index information for the time series.
+4.  **squeeze=True:** We hint that we only have one data column and that we are interested in a Series and not a DataFrame.
+
+You can use the **head()** function to peek at the first 5 records or specify the first n number of records to review
+"""
+
+print(series.head(10))
+
+"""**Number of Observations**
+You can get the dimensionality of your Series using the size parameter.
+"""
+
+print(series.size)
+
+""" **Querying By Time**
+ You can slice, dice, and query your series using the time index. For example, you can access all observations in January as follows:
+
+**series.loc[]**
+
+Access a group of rows and columns by label(s) or a boolean array.
+.loc[] is primarily label based, but may also be used with a boolean array.
+"""
+
+print(series.loc["1959-01"])
+
+"""**Descriptive Statistics**
+Calculating descriptive statistics on your time series can help get an idea of the distribution and
+spread of values.
+The **describe()** function creates
+a 7 number summary of the loaded time series including mean, standard deviation, median,
+minimum, and maximum of the observations
+"""
+
+print(series.describe())
+
+"""# **B. Data Visualization**
+Visualization plays an important role in time series analysis and forecasting. Plots of the raw
+sample data can provide valuable diagnostics to identify temporal structures like trends, cycles,
+and seasonality that can influence the choice of model. A problem is that many novices in the
+field of time series forecasting stop with line plots.
+
+Different types of visualizations that you can use on your own time series data. They are:
+1. Line Plots.
+2. Histograms and Density Plots.
+3. Box and Whisker Plots.
+4. Heat Maps.
+5. Lag Plots or Scatter Plots.
+6. Autocorrelation Plots.
+
+**Minimum Daily Temperatures Dataset**
+We will use the Minimum Daily Temperatures dataset as an example. This dataset
+describes the minimum daily temperatures over 10 years (1981-1990) in the city Melbourne,
+Australia.
+"""
+
+from pandas import read_csv
+from matplotlib import pyplot
+series = read_csv('daily-min-temperatures.csv', header=0, index_col=0,parse_dates=True)
+print(series.head())
+series=series.squeeze()
+type(series)
+print(series.describe())
+
+"""**Line Plot**
+The first, and perhaps most popular, visualization for time series is the line plot. In this plot,
+time is shown on the x-axis with observation values along the y-axis. Below is an example of
+visualizing the Pandas Series of the Minimum Daily Temperatures dataset directly as a line
+plot.
+"""
+
+series.plot()
+pyplot.show()
+
+"""Changing the style of the line to
+be black dots instead of a connected line (the style=’k.’ argument).
+"""
+
+series.plot(style='k.')
+pyplot.show()
+
+series.plot(style='k--')
+pyplot.show()
+
+"""It can be helpful to compare line plots for the same interval, such as from day-to-day,
+month-to-month, and year-to-year. The Minimum Daily Temperatures dataset spans 10
+years. We can group data by year and create a line plot for each year for direct comparison. The example below shows how to do this. First the observations are grouped by year (series.groupby(Grouper(freq=’A’))).
+
+A **Grouper** allows the user to specify a groupby instruction for an object.
+
+This specification will select a column via the key parameter, or if the level and/or axis parameters are given, a level of the index of the target object.
+
+If axis and/or level are passed as keywords to both Grouper and groupby, the values passed to Grouper take precedence
+
+The groups are then enumerated and the observations for each year are stored as columns
+in a new DataFrame. Finally, a plot of this contrived DataFrame is created with each column
+visualized as a subplot with legends removed to cut back on the clutter.
+
+The **squeeze()** method converts a single column DataFrame into a Series.
+"""
+
+from pandas import read_csv
+from pandas import DataFrame
+from pandas import Grouper
+from matplotlib import pyplot
+series = read_csv('/content/daily-min-temperatures.csv', header=0, index_col=0, parse_dates=True)
+#print(series.head())
+
+series=series.squeeze()
+#print(series.head())
+groups = series.groupby(Grouper(freq='A'))
+#print(groups)
+years = DataFrame()
+#print(years)
+for name, group in groups:
+  years[name.year] = group.values
+  print(years)
+years.plot(subplots=True, legend=False)
+pyplot.show()
+
+"""**Histogram and Density Plots**
+
+Another important visualization is of the distribution of observations themselves. This means a
+plot of the values without the temporal ordering. Some linear time series forecasting methods
+assume a well-behaved distribution of observations (i.e. a bell curve or normal distribution).
+This can be explicitly checked using tools like statistical hypothesis tests. But plots can provide
+a useful first check of the distribution of observations both on raw observations and after any
+type of data transform has been performed.
+The example below creates a histogram plot of the observations in the Minimum Daily
+Temperatures dataset. A histogram groups values into bins, and the frequency or count of
+observations in each bin can provide insight into the underlying distribution of the observations. Histograms and density plots provide insight into the distribution of all observations, but we
+may be interested in the distribution of values by time interval.
+"""
+
+series.hist()
+pyplot.show()
+
+"""Generate Kernel Density Estimate plot using Gaussian kernels."""
+
+series.plot(kind='kde')
+pyplot.show()
+
+years.boxplot()
+pyplot.show()
+
+"""**Box and Whisker Plots by Interval**
+
+ Another type of plot that is
+useful to summarize the distribution of observations is the box and whisker plot. This plot
+draws a box around the 25th and 75th percentiles of the data that captures the middle 50% of
+observations. A line is drawn at the 50th percentile (the median) and whiskers are drawn above
+and below the box to summarize the general extents of the observations. Dots are drawn for
+outliers outside the whiskers or extents of the data.
+
+Box and whisker plots can be created and compared for each interval in a time series, such
+as years, months, or days. Below is an example of grouping the Minimum Daily Temperatures
+dataset by years, as was done above in the plot example. A box and whisker plot is then created
+for each year and lined up side-by-side for direct comparison.
+
+Within an interval,
+it can help to spot outliers (dots above or below the whiskers). Across intervals, in this case
+years, we can look for multiple year trends, seasonality, and other structural information that
+could be modeled
+"""
+
+from pandas import read_csv
+from pandas import DataFrame
+from pandas import Grouper
+from matplotlib import pyplot
+series = read_csv('daily-min-temperatures.csv', header=0, index_col=0, parse_dates=True)
+series=series.squeeze()
+groups = series.groupby(Grouper(freq='A'))
+years = DataFrame()
+for name, group in groups:
+ years[name.year] = group.values
+years.boxplot()
+pyplot.show()
+
+"""**Heat Maps**
+A matrix of numbers can be plotted as a surface, where the values in each cell of the matrix are
+assigned a unique color. This is called a heatmap, as larger values can be drawn with warmer
+colors (yellows and reds) and smaller values can be drawn with cooler colors (blues and greens).
+Like the box and whisker plots, we can compare observations between intervals using a heat
+map.
+In the case of the Minimum Daily Temperatures, the observations can be arranged into a
+matrix of year-columns and day-rows, with minimum temperature in the cell for each day. A
+heat map of this matrix can then be plotted. Below is an example of creating a heatmap of
+the Minimum Daily Temperatures data. The matshow() function from the Matplotlib library
+is used as no heatmap support is provided directly in Pandas. For convenience, the matrix is rotated (transposed) so that each row represents one year and each column one day. This
+provides a more intuitive, left-to-right layout of the data.
+
+"""
+
+from pandas import read_csv
+from pandas import DataFrame
+from pandas import Grouper
+from matplotlib import pyplot
+series = read_csv('daily-min-temperatures.csv', header=0, index_col=0, parse_dates=True)
+series=series.squeeze()
+groups = series.groupby(Grouper(freq='A'))
+years = DataFrame()
+for name, group in groups:
+ years[name.year] = group.values
+years = years.T
+print(years)
+pyplot.matshow(years, interpolation=None, aspect='auto')
+pyplot.show()
+
+"""The plot shows the cooler minimum temperatures in the middle days of the years and
+the warmer minimum temperatures in the start and ends of the years, and all the fading and
+complexity in between.
+
+**Lag Scatter Plots**
+Time series modeling assumes a relationship between an observation and the previous observation.
+Previous observations in a time series are called lags, with the observation at the previous timestep called lag=1, the observation at two time steps ago lag=2, and so on. A useful type of plot
+to explore the relationship between each observation and a lag of that observation is called the
+scatter plot. Pandas has a built-in function for exactly this called the lag plot. It plots the
+observation at time t on the x-axis and the observation at the next time step (t+1) on the
+y-axis.
+
+If the points cluster along a diagonal line from the bottom-left to the top-right of the plot,
+it suggests a positive correlation relationship.
+ˆ If the points cluster along a diagonal line from the top-left to the bottom-right, it suggests
+a negative correlation relationship.
+ˆ Either relationship is good as they can be modeled.
+
+More points tighter in to the diagonal line suggests a stronger relationship and more spread
+from the line suggests a weaker relationship. A ball in the middle or a spread across the plot
+suggests a weak or no relationship.
+"""
+
+from pandas.plotting import lag_plot
+lag_plot(series)
+pyplot.show()
+
+"""The plot created from running the example shows a relatively strong positive correlation
+between observations and their lag1 values
+
+**Autocorrelation Plots**
+We can quantify the strength and type of relationship between observations and their lags. In
+statistics, this is called correlation, and when calculated against lag values in time series, it is
+called autocorrelation (self-correlation). A correlation value calculated between two groups of
+numbers, such as observations and their lag=1 values, results in a number between -1 and 1.
+The sign of this number indicates a negative or positive correlation respectively. A value close to
+zero suggests a weak correlation, whereas a value closer to -1 or 1 indicates a strong correlation.
+Correlation values, called correlation coefficients, can be calculated for each observation and
+different lag values. Once calculated, a plot can be created to help better understand how this
+relationship changes over the lag. This type of plot is called an autocorrelation plot and Pandas provides this capability built in, called the autocorrelation plot() function.
+"""
+
+from pandas.plotting import autocorrelation_plot
+autocorrelation_plot(series)
+pyplot.show()
+
+"""The resulting plot shows lag along the x-axis and the correlation on the y-axis. Dotted lines
+are provided that indicate any correlation values above those lines are statistically significant
+(meaningful). We can see that for the Minimum Daily Temperatures dataset we see cycles of
+strong negative and positive correlation. This captures the relationship of an observation with
+past observations in the same and opposite seasons or times of year. Sine waves like those seen
+in this example are a strong sign of seasonality in the dataset
+"""

myawesomepkg/TSAPY1/tsa_practical_no_2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""TSA_Practical No 2.ipynb
+
+Automatically generated by Colab.
+
+Original file is located at
+    https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1X2scZpqK4F_dqV8QohehZCIZswnttekq
+
+**Practical No 2**
+**Aim: Implementing timeseries components**
+1.   Seasonality
+2.   Trend
+3.   Pattern
+4.   Cyclic
+
+**random.normal(loc=0.0, scale=1.0, size=None)**
+
+Draw random samples from a normal (Gaussian) distribution.
+
+**Parameters:**
+loc: float or array_like of floats
+Mean (“centre”) of the distribution.
+
+scale: float or array_like of floats
+Standard deviation (spread or “width”) of the distribution. Must be non-negative.
+
+size: int or tuple of ints, optional
+Output shape.
+"""
+
+import numpy as np
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+# Upward Trend
+t = np.arange(0, 10, 0.1)
+data = t + np.random.normal(0, 0.5, len(t))
+plt.plot(t, data, label='Upward Trend')
+
+# Downward Trend
+t = np.arange(0, 10, 0.1)
+data = -t + np.random.normal(0, 0.5, len(t))
+plt.plot(t, data, label='Downward Trend')
+
+# Horizontal Trend
+t = np.arange(0, 10, 0.1)
+data = np.zeros(len(t)) + np.random.normal(0, 0.5, len(t))
+plt.plot(t, data, label='Horizontal Trend')
+
+# Non-linear Trend
+t = np.arange(0, 10, 0.1)
+data = t**2 + np.random.normal(0, 0.5, len(t))
+plt.plot(t, data, label='Non-linear Trend')
+
+plt.legend()
+plt.show()
+
+import numpy as np
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+# generate sample data with different types of seasonality
+np.random.seed(1)
+time = np.arange(0, 366)
+
+# weekly seasonality
+weekly_seasonality = np.sin(2 * np.pi * time / 7)
+weekly_data = 5 + weekly_seasonality
+
+# monthly seasonality
+monthly_seasonality = np.sin(2 * np.pi * time / 30)
+monthly_data = 5  + monthly_seasonality
+
+# annual seasonality
+annual_seasonality = np.sin(2 * np.pi * time / 365)
+annual_data = 5 + annual_seasonality
+
+# plot the data
+plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
+plt.plot(time, weekly_data,label='Weekly Seasonality')
+plt.plot(time, monthly_data,label='Monthly Seasonality')
+plt.plot(time, annual_data,label='Annual Seasonality')
+plt.legend(loc='upper left')
+plt.show()
+
+import numpy as np
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+# Generate sample data with cyclic patterns
+np.random.seed(1)
+time = np.array([0, 30, 60, 90, 120,
+                 150, 180, 210, 240,
+                 270, 300, 330])
+data = 10 * np.sin(2 * np.pi * time / 50) + 20 * np.sin(2 * np.pi * time / 100)
+
+# Plot the data
+plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
+plt.plot(time, data, label='Cyclic Data')
+plt.legend(loc='upper left')
+plt.xlabel('Time (days)')
+plt.ylabel('Value')
+plt.title('Cyclic Time Series Data')
+plt.show()
+
+import numpy as np
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+# Generate sample time series data
+np.random.seed(1)
+time = np.arange(0, 100)
+#data = 5 * np.sin(2 * np.pi * time / 20) + 2 * time
+data=np.sin(2 * np.pi * time / 30)+time
+
+# Introduce irregularities by adding random noise
+irregularities = np.random.normal(0, 5, len(data))
+irregular_data = data + irregularities
+
+# Plot the original data and the data with irregularities
+plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
+plt.plot(time, data, label='Original Data')
+plt.plot(time, irregular_data,label='Data with Irregularities')
+plt.legend(loc='upper left')
+plt.show()

myawesomepkg-0.1.4.dist-info/METADATA

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: myawesomepkg
+Version: 0.1.4
+Summary: A simple greeting library
+Author: Your Name
+Author-email: your.email@example.com
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Requires-Python: >=3.6
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+

myawesomepkg-0.1.4.dist-info/RECORD

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
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myawesomepkg/d.py

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-import math
-n=int(input("Enter no of input neurons:"))
-
-print("enter input")
-inputs=[]
-
-for i in range(0,n):
-    x=float(input())
-    inputs.append(x)
-print(inputs)
-
-print("enter weight")
-weights=[]
-
-for i in range(0,n):
-    w=float(input())
-    weights.append(w)
-print(weights)
-
-print(" the net input is calculated as Yin=x1w1+x2w2+x3w3")
-
-Yin=[]
-for i in range(0,n):
-    Yin.append(inputs[i]*weights[i])
-ynet=round(sum(Yin),3)
-
-print("net input for y neuron",ynet)
-
-print("apply activation function over net input, Binary function")
-
-y=round(1/(1+math.exp(-ynet)),3)
-print(y)
-
-print("apply activation function over net input, Bipolar function")
-y=round((2/(1+math.exp(-ynet)))-1,3)
-print(y)

myawesomepkg-0.1.2.dist-info/METADATA

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-Metadata-Version: 2.1
-Name: myawesomepkg
-Version: 0.1.2
-Summary: A simple greeting library
-Author: Your Name
-Requires-Python: >=3.6
-

myawesomepkg-0.1.2.dist-info/RECORD

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