multipers 2.3.3b6__cp311-cp311-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

multipers/gudhi/gudhi/Persistence_matrix/columns/list_column.h

@@ -0,0 +1,980 @@
+/*    This file is part of the Gudhi Library - https://gudhi.inria.fr/ - which is released under MIT.
+ *    See file LICENSE or go to https://gudhi.inria.fr/licensing/ for full license details.
+ *    Author(s):       Hannah Schreiber
+ *
+ *    Copyright (C) 2022-24 Inria
+ *
+ *    Modification(s):
+ *      - YYYY/MM Author: Description of the modification
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @file list_column.h
+ * @author Hannah Schreiber
+ * @brief Contains the @ref Gudhi::persistence_matrix::List_column class.
+ * Also defines the std::hash method for @ref Gudhi::persistence_matrix::List_column.
+ */
+
+#ifndef PM_LIST_COLUMN_H
+#define PM_LIST_COLUMN_H
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <list>
+#include <utility>  //std::swap, std::move & std::exchange
+
+#include <boost/iterator/indirect_iterator.hpp>
+
+#include <gudhi/Persistence_matrix/allocators/entry_constructors.h>
+#include <gudhi/Persistence_matrix/columns/column_utilities.h>
+
+namespace Gudhi {
+namespace persistence_matrix {
+
+/**
+ * @class List_column list_column.h gudhi/Persistence_matrix/columns/list_column.h
+ * @ingroup persistence_matrix
+ *
+ * @brief Column class following the @ref PersistenceMatrixColumn concept.
+ *
+ * Column based on a list structure. The entries are always ordered by row index and only non-zero values
+ * are stored uniquely in the underlying container.
+ *
+ * @tparam Master_matrix An instantiation of @ref Matrix from which all types and options are deduced.
+ * @tparam Entry_constructor Factory of @ref Entry classes.
+ */
+template <class Master_matrix>
+class List_column : public Master_matrix::Row_access_option,
+                    public Master_matrix::Column_dimension_option,
+                    public Master_matrix::Chain_column_option
+{
+ public:
+  using Master = Master_matrix;
+  using Index = typename Master_matrix::Index;
+  using ID_index = typename Master_matrix::ID_index;
+  using Dimension = typename Master_matrix::Dimension;
+  using Field_element = typename Master_matrix::Element;
+  using Entry = typename Master_matrix::Matrix_entry;
+  using Column_settings = typename Master_matrix::Column_settings;
+
+ private:
+  using Field_operators = typename Master_matrix::Field_operators;
+  using Column_support = std::list<Entry*>;
+  using Entry_constructor = typename Master_matrix::Entry_constructor;
+
+ public:
+  using iterator = boost::indirect_iterator<typename Column_support::iterator>;
+  using const_iterator = boost::indirect_iterator<typename Column_support::const_iterator>;
+  using reverse_iterator = boost::indirect_iterator<typename Column_support::reverse_iterator>;
+  using const_reverse_iterator = boost::indirect_iterator<typename Column_support::const_reverse_iterator>;
+
+  List_column(Column_settings* colSettings = nullptr);
+  template <class Container = typename Master_matrix::Boundary>
+  List_column(const Container& nonZeroRowIndices, Column_settings* colSettings);
+  template <class Container = typename Master_matrix::Boundary, class Row_container>
+  List_column(Index columnIndex,
+              const Container& nonZeroRowIndices,
+              Row_container* rowContainer,
+              Column_settings* colSettings);
+  template <class Container = typename Master_matrix::Boundary>
+  List_column(const Container& nonZeroChainRowIndices, Dimension dimension, Column_settings* colSettings);
+  template <class Container = typename Master_matrix::Boundary, class Row_container>
+  List_column(Index columnIndex,
+              const Container& nonZeroChainRowIndices,
+              Dimension dimension,
+              Row_container* rowContainer,
+              Column_settings* colSettings);
+  List_column(const List_column& column, Column_settings* colSettings = nullptr);
+  template <class Row_container>
+  List_column(const List_column& column,
+              Index columnIndex,
+              Row_container* rowContainer,
+              Column_settings* colSettings = nullptr);
+  List_column(List_column&& column) noexcept;
+  ~List_column();
+
+  std::vector<Field_element> get_content(int columnLength = -1) const;
+  bool is_non_zero(ID_index rowIndex) const;
+  bool is_empty() const;
+  std::size_t size() const;
+
+  template <class Row_index_map>
+  void reorder(const Row_index_map& valueMap, [[maybe_unused]] Index columnIndex = -1);
+  void clear();
+  void clear(ID_index rowIndex);
+
+  ID_index get_pivot() const;
+  Field_element get_pivot_value() const;
+
+  iterator begin() noexcept;
+  const_iterator begin() const noexcept;
+  iterator end() noexcept;
+  const_iterator end() const noexcept;
+  reverse_iterator rbegin() noexcept;
+  const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
+  reverse_iterator rend() noexcept;
+  const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
+
+  template <class Entry_range>
+  List_column& operator+=(const Entry_range& column);
+  List_column& operator+=(List_column& column);
+
+  List_column& operator*=(unsigned int v);
+
+  // this = v * this + column
+  template <class Entry_range>
+  List_column& multiply_target_and_add(const Field_element& val, const Entry_range& column);
+  List_column& multiply_target_and_add(const Field_element& val, List_column& column);
+  // this = this + column * v
+  template <class Entry_range>
+  List_column& multiply_source_and_add(const Entry_range& column, const Field_element& val);
+  List_column& multiply_source_and_add(List_column& column, const Field_element& val);
+
+  void push_back(const Entry& entry);
+
+  friend bool operator==(const List_column& c1, const List_column& c2) {
+    if (&c1 == &c2) return true;
+
+    auto it1 = c1.column_.begin();
+    auto it2 = c2.column_.begin();
+    if (c1.column_.size() != c2.column_.size()) return false;
+    while (it1 != c1.column_.end() && it2 != c2.column_.end()) {
+      if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+        if ((*it1)->get_row_index() != (*it2)->get_row_index()) return false;
+      } else {
+        if ((*it1)->get_row_index() != (*it2)->get_row_index() || (*it1)->get_element() != (*it2)->get_element())
+          return false;
+      }
+      ++it1;
+      ++it2;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  friend bool operator<(const List_column& c1, const List_column& c2) {
+    if (&c1 == &c2) return false;
+
+    auto it1 = c1.column_.begin();
+    auto it2 = c2.column_.begin();
+    while (it1 != c1.column_.end() && it2 != c2.column_.end()) {
+      if ((*it1)->get_row_index() != (*it2)->get_row_index()) return (*it1)->get_row_index() < (*it2)->get_row_index();
+      if constexpr (!Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+        if ((*it1)->get_element() != (*it2)->get_element()) return (*it1)->get_element() < (*it2)->get_element();
+      }
+      ++it1;
+      ++it2;
+    }
+    return it2 != c2.column_.end();
+  }
+
+  // Disabled with row access.
+  List_column& operator=(const List_column& other);
+
+  friend void swap(List_column& col1, List_column& col2) {
+    swap(static_cast<typename Master_matrix::Row_access_option&>(col1),
+         static_cast<typename Master_matrix::Row_access_option&>(col2));
+    swap(static_cast<typename Master_matrix::Column_dimension_option&>(col1),
+         static_cast<typename Master_matrix::Column_dimension_option&>(col2));
+    swap(static_cast<typename Master_matrix::Chain_column_option&>(col1),
+         static_cast<typename Master_matrix::Chain_column_option&>(col2));
+    col1.column_.swap(col2.column_);
+    std::swap(col1.operators_, col2.operators_);
+    std::swap(col1.entryPool_, col2.entryPool_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  using RA_opt = typename Master_matrix::Row_access_option;
+  using Dim_opt = typename Master_matrix::Column_dimension_option;
+  using Chain_opt = typename Master_matrix::Chain_column_option;
+
+  Column_support column_;
+  Field_operators* operators_;
+  Entry_constructor* entryPool_;
+
+  template <class Column, class Entry_iterator, typename F1, typename F2, typename F3, typename F4>
+  friend void _generic_merge_entry_to_column(Column& targetColumn,
+                                             Entry_iterator& itSource,
+                                             typename Column::Column_support::iterator& itTarget,
+                                             F1&& process_target,
+                                             F2&& process_source,
+                                             F3&& update_target1,
+                                             F4&& update_target2,
+                                             bool& pivotIsZeroed);
+  template <class Column, class Entry_range, typename F1, typename F2, typename F3, typename F4, typename F5>
+  friend bool _generic_add_to_column(const Entry_range& source,
+                                     Column& targetColumn,
+                                     F1&& process_target,
+                                     F2&& process_source,
+                                     F3&& update_target1,
+                                     F4&& update_target2,
+                                     F5&& finish_target);
+  template <class Column, class Entry_range>
+  friend bool _add_to_column(const Entry_range& source, Column& targetColumn);
+  template <class Column, class Entry_range>
+  friend bool _multiply_target_and_add_to_column(const typename Column::Field_element& val,
+                                                 const Entry_range& source,
+                                                 Column& targetColumn);
+  template <class Column, class Entry_range>
+  friend bool _multiply_source_and_add_to_column(const typename Column::Field_element& val,
+                                                 const Entry_range& source,
+                                                 Column& targetColumn);
+
+  void _delete_entry(typename Column_support::iterator& it);
+  Entry* _insert_entry(const Field_element& value, ID_index rowIndex, const typename Column_support::iterator& position);
+  void _insert_entry(ID_index rowIndex, const typename Column_support::iterator& position);
+  void _update_entry(const Field_element& value, ID_index rowIndex, const typename Column_support::iterator& position);
+  void _update_entry(ID_index rowIndex, const typename Column_support::iterator& position);
+  template <class Entry_range>
+  bool _add(const Entry_range& column);
+  template <class Entry_range>
+  bool _multiply_target_and_add(const Field_element& val, const Entry_range& column);
+  template <class Entry_range>
+  bool _multiply_source_and_add(const Entry_range& column, const Field_element& val);
+};
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>::List_column(Column_settings* colSettings)
+    : RA_opt(),
+      Dim_opt(),
+      Chain_opt(),
+      operators_(nullptr),
+      entryPool_(colSettings == nullptr ? nullptr : &(colSettings->entryConstructor))
+{
+  if (operators_ == nullptr && entryPool_ == nullptr) return;  // to allow default constructor which gives a dummy column
+  if constexpr (!Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+    operators_ = &(colSettings->operators);
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+template <class Container>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>::List_column(const Container& nonZeroRowIndices, Column_settings* colSettings)
+    : RA_opt(),
+      Dim_opt(nonZeroRowIndices.size() == 0 ? 0 : nonZeroRowIndices.size() - 1),
+      Chain_opt(),
+      column_(nonZeroRowIndices.size()),
+      operators_(nullptr),
+      entryPool_(&(colSettings->entryConstructor))
+{
+  static_assert(!Master_matrix::isNonBasic || Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type,
+                "Constructor not available for chain columns, please specify the dimension of the chain.");
+
+  auto it = column_.begin();
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+    for (ID_index id : nonZeroRowIndices) {
+      _update_entry(id, it++);
+    }
+  } else {
+    operators_ = &(colSettings->operators);
+    for (const auto& p : nonZeroRowIndices) {
+      _update_entry(operators_->get_value(p.second), p.first, it++);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+template <class Container, class Row_container>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>::List_column(Index columnIndex,
+                                               const Container& nonZeroRowIndices,
+                                               Row_container* rowContainer,
+                                               Column_settings* colSettings)
+    : RA_opt(columnIndex, rowContainer),
+      Dim_opt(nonZeroRowIndices.size() == 0 ? 0 : nonZeroRowIndices.size() - 1),
+      Chain_opt([&] {
+        if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+          return nonZeroRowIndices.begin() == nonZeroRowIndices.end() ? -1 : *std::prev(nonZeroRowIndices.end());
+        } else {
+          return nonZeroRowIndices.begin() == nonZeroRowIndices.end() ? -1 : std::prev(nonZeroRowIndices.end())->first;
+        }
+      }()),
+      column_(nonZeroRowIndices.size()),
+      operators_(nullptr),
+      entryPool_(&(colSettings->entryConstructor))
+{
+  static_assert(!Master_matrix::isNonBasic || Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type,
+                "Constructor not available for chain columns, please specify the dimension of the chain.");
+
+  auto it = column_.begin();
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+    for (ID_index id : nonZeroRowIndices) {
+      _update_entry(id, it++);
+    }
+  } else {
+    operators_ = &(colSettings->operators);
+    for (const auto& p : nonZeroRowIndices) {
+      _update_entry(operators_->get_value(p.second), p.first, it++);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+template <class Container>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>::List_column(const Container& nonZeroRowIndices,
+                                               Dimension dimension,
+                                               Column_settings* colSettings)
+    : RA_opt(),
+      Dim_opt(dimension),
+      Chain_opt([&] {
+        if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+          return nonZeroRowIndices.begin() == nonZeroRowIndices.end() ? -1 : *std::prev(nonZeroRowIndices.end());
+        } else {
+          return nonZeroRowIndices.begin() == nonZeroRowIndices.end() ? -1 : std::prev(nonZeroRowIndices.end())->first;
+        }
+      }()),
+      column_(nonZeroRowIndices.size()),
+      operators_(nullptr),
+      entryPool_(&(colSettings->entryConstructor))
+{
+  auto it = column_.begin();
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+    for (ID_index id : nonZeroRowIndices) {
+      _update_entry(id, it++);
+    }
+  } else {
+    operators_ = &(colSettings->operators);
+    for (const auto& p : nonZeroRowIndices) {
+      _update_entry(operators_->get_value(p.second), p.first, it++);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+template <class Container, class Row_container>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>::List_column(Index columnIndex,
+                                               const Container& nonZeroRowIndices,
+                                               Dimension dimension,
+                                               Row_container* rowContainer,
+                                               Column_settings* colSettings)
+    : RA_opt(columnIndex, rowContainer),
+      Dim_opt(dimension),
+      Chain_opt([&] {
+        if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+          return nonZeroRowIndices.begin() == nonZeroRowIndices.end() ? -1 : *std::prev(nonZeroRowIndices.end());
+        } else {
+          return nonZeroRowIndices.begin() == nonZeroRowIndices.end() ? -1 : std::prev(nonZeroRowIndices.end())->first;
+        }
+      }()),
+      column_(nonZeroRowIndices.size()),
+      operators_(nullptr),
+      entryPool_(&(colSettings->entryConstructor))
+{
+  auto it = column_.begin();
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+    for (ID_index id : nonZeroRowIndices) {
+      _update_entry(id, it++);
+    }
+  } else {
+    operators_ = &(colSettings->operators);
+    for (const auto& p : nonZeroRowIndices) {
+      _update_entry(operators_->get_value(p.second), p.first, it++);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>::List_column(const List_column& column, Column_settings* colSettings)
+    : RA_opt(),
+      Dim_opt(static_cast<const Dim_opt&>(column)),
+      Chain_opt(static_cast<const Chain_opt&>(column)),
+      column_(column.column_.size()),
+      operators_(colSettings == nullptr ? column.operators_ : nullptr),
+      entryPool_(colSettings == nullptr ? column.entryPool_ : &(colSettings->entryConstructor))
+{
+  static_assert(!Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access,
+                "Simple copy constructor not available when row access option enabled. Please specify the new column "
+                "index and the row container.");
+
+  if constexpr (!Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+    if (colSettings != nullptr) operators_ = &(colSettings->operators);
+  }
+
+  auto it = column_.begin();
+  for (const Entry* entry : column.column_) {
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+      _update_entry(entry->get_row_index(), it++);
+    } else {
+      _update_entry(entry->get_element(), entry->get_row_index(), it++);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+template <class Row_container>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>::List_column(const List_column& column,
+                                               Index columnIndex,
+                                               Row_container* rowContainer,
+                                               Column_settings* colSettings)
+    : RA_opt(columnIndex, rowContainer),
+      Dim_opt(static_cast<const Dim_opt&>(column)),
+      Chain_opt(static_cast<const Chain_opt&>(column)),
+      column_(column.column_.size()),
+      operators_(colSettings == nullptr ? column.operators_ : nullptr),
+      entryPool_(colSettings == nullptr ? column.entryPool_ : &(colSettings->entryConstructor))
+{
+  if constexpr (!Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+    if (colSettings != nullptr) operators_ = &(colSettings->operators);
+  }
+
+  auto it = column_.begin();
+  for (const Entry* entry : column.column_) {
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+      _update_entry(entry->get_row_index(), it++);
+    } else {
+      _update_entry(entry->get_element(), entry->get_row_index(), it++);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>::List_column(List_column&& column) noexcept
+    : RA_opt(std::move(static_cast<RA_opt&>(column))),
+      Dim_opt(std::move(static_cast<Dim_opt&>(column))),
+      Chain_opt(std::move(static_cast<Chain_opt&>(column))),
+      column_(std::move(column.column_)),
+      operators_(std::exchange(column.operators_, nullptr)),
+      entryPool_(std::exchange(column.entryPool_, nullptr))
+{}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>::~List_column() {
+  for (auto* entry : column_) {
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access) RA_opt::unlink(entry);
+    entryPool_->destroy(entry);
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline std::vector<typename List_column<Master_matrix>::Field_element> List_column<Master_matrix>::get_content(
+    int columnLength) const
+{
+  if (columnLength < 0 && column_.size() > 0)
+    columnLength = column_.back()->get_row_index() + 1;
+  else if (columnLength < 0)
+    return std::vector<Field_element>();
+
+  std::vector<Field_element> container(columnLength, 0);
+  for (auto it = column_.begin(); it != column_.end() && (*it)->get_row_index() < static_cast<ID_index>(columnLength);
+       ++it) {
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+      container[(*it)->get_row_index()] = 1;
+    } else {
+      container[(*it)->get_row_index()] = (*it)->get_element();
+    }
+  }
+  return container;
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline bool List_column<Master_matrix>::is_non_zero(ID_index rowIndex) const
+{
+  // could be changed to dichotomic search as column is ordered by row index,
+  // but I am not sure if it is really worth it as there is no random access
+  // and the columns should not be that long anyway.
+  for (const Entry* entry : column_)
+    if (entry->get_row_index() == rowIndex) return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline bool List_column<Master_matrix>::is_empty() const
+{
+  return column_.empty();
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline std::size_t List_column<Master_matrix>::size() const
+{
+  return column_.size();
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+template <class Row_index_map>
+inline void List_column<Master_matrix>::reorder(const Row_index_map& valueMap, [[maybe_unused]] Index columnIndex)
+{
+  static_assert(!Master_matrix::isNonBasic || Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type,
+                "Method not available for chain columns.");
+
+  for (auto it = column_.begin(); it != column_.end(); ++it) {
+    Entry* entry = *it;
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access) {
+      RA_opt::unlink(entry);
+      if (columnIndex != static_cast<Index>(-1)) entry->set_column_index(columnIndex);
+    }
+    entry->set_row_index(valueMap.at(entry->get_row_index()));
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::has_intrusive_rows && Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access)
+      RA_opt::insert_entry(entry->get_row_index(), entry);
+  }
+
+  // all entries have to be deleted first, to avoid problem with insertion when row is a set
+  if constexpr (!Master_matrix::Option_list::has_intrusive_rows && Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access) {
+    for (auto it = column_.begin(); it != column_.end(); ++it) {
+      Entry* entry = *it;
+      RA_opt::insert_entry(entry->get_row_index(), entry);
+    }
+  }
+
+  column_.sort([](const Entry* c1, const Entry* c2) { return *c1 < *c2; });
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline void List_column<Master_matrix>::clear()
+{
+  static_assert(!Master_matrix::isNonBasic || Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type,
+                "Method not available for chain columns as a base element should not be empty.");
+
+  for (auto* entry : column_) {
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access) RA_opt::unlink(entry);
+    entryPool_->destroy(entry);
+  }
+
+  column_.clear();
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline void List_column<Master_matrix>::clear(ID_index rowIndex)
+{
+  static_assert(!Master_matrix::isNonBasic || Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type,
+                "Method not available for chain columns.");
+
+  auto it = column_.begin();
+  while (it != column_.end() && (*it)->get_row_index() != rowIndex) it++;
+  if (it != column_.end()) _delete_entry(it);
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline typename List_column<Master_matrix>::ID_index List_column<Master_matrix>::get_pivot() const
+{
+  static_assert(Master_matrix::isNonBasic,
+                "Method not available for base columns.");  // could technically be, but is the notion useful then?
+
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type) {
+    if (column_.empty()) return -1;
+    return column_.back()->get_row_index();
+  } else {
+    return Chain_opt::get_pivot();
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline typename List_column<Master_matrix>::Field_element List_column<Master_matrix>::get_pivot_value() const
+{
+  static_assert(Master_matrix::isNonBasic,
+                "Method not available for base columns.");  // could technically be, but is the notion useful then?
+
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+    return 1;
+  } else {
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type) {
+      if (column_.empty()) return 0;
+      return column_.back()->get_element();
+    } else {
+      if (Chain_opt::get_pivot() == static_cast<ID_index>(-1)) return Field_element();
+      for (const Entry* entry : column_) {
+        if (entry->get_row_index() == Chain_opt::get_pivot()) return entry->get_element();
+      }
+      return Field_element();  // should never happen if chain column is used properly
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline typename List_column<Master_matrix>::iterator List_column<Master_matrix>::begin() noexcept
+{
+  return column_.begin();
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline typename List_column<Master_matrix>::const_iterator List_column<Master_matrix>::begin() const noexcept
+{
+  return column_.begin();
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline typename List_column<Master_matrix>::iterator List_column<Master_matrix>::end() noexcept
+{
+  return column_.end();
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline typename List_column<Master_matrix>::const_iterator List_column<Master_matrix>::end() const noexcept
+{
+  return column_.end();
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline typename List_column<Master_matrix>::reverse_iterator List_column<Master_matrix>::rbegin() noexcept
+{
+  return column_.rbegin();
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline typename List_column<Master_matrix>::const_reverse_iterator List_column<Master_matrix>::rbegin() const noexcept
+{
+  return column_.rbegin();
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline typename List_column<Master_matrix>::reverse_iterator List_column<Master_matrix>::rend() noexcept
+{
+  return column_.rend();
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline typename List_column<Master_matrix>::const_reverse_iterator List_column<Master_matrix>::rend() const noexcept
+{
+  return column_.rend();
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+template <class Entry_range>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>& List_column<Master_matrix>::operator+=(const Entry_range& column)
+{
+  static_assert((!Master_matrix::isNonBasic || std::is_same_v<Entry_range, List_column>),
+                "For boundary columns, the range has to be a column of same type to help ensure the validity of the "
+                "base element.");  // could be removed, if we give the responsibility to the user.
+  static_assert((!Master_matrix::isNonBasic || Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type),
+                "For chain columns, the given column cannot be constant.");
+
+  _add(column);
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>& List_column<Master_matrix>::operator+=(List_column& column)
+{
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::isNonBasic && !Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type) {
+    // assumes that the addition never zeros out this column.
+    if (_add(column)) {
+      Chain_opt::swap_pivots(column);
+      Dim_opt::swap_dimension(column);
+    }
+  } else {
+    _add(column);
+  }
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>& List_column<Master_matrix>::operator*=(unsigned int v)
+{
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+    if (v % 2 == 0) {
+      if constexpr (Master_matrix::isNonBasic && !Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type) {
+        throw std::invalid_argument("A chain column should not be multiplied by 0.");
+      } else {
+        clear();
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    Field_element val = operators_->get_value(v);
+
+    if (val == 0u) {
+      if constexpr (Master_matrix::isNonBasic && !Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type) {
+        throw std::invalid_argument("A chain column should not be multiplied by 0.");
+      } else {
+        clear();
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    if (val == 1u) return *this;
+
+    for (Entry* entry : column_) {
+      operators_->multiply_inplace(entry->get_element(), val);
+      if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access) RA_opt::update_entry(*entry);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+template <class Entry_range>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>& List_column<Master_matrix>::multiply_target_and_add(const Field_element& val,
+                                                                                       const Entry_range& column)
+{
+  static_assert((!Master_matrix::isNonBasic || std::is_same_v<Entry_range, List_column>),
+                "For boundary columns, the range has to be a column of same type to help ensure the validity of the "
+                "base element.");  // could be removed, if we give the responsibility to the user.
+  static_assert((!Master_matrix::isNonBasic || Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type),
+                "For chain columns, the given column cannot be constant.");
+
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+    if (val) {
+      _add(column);
+    } else {
+      clear();
+      _add(column);
+    }
+  } else {
+    _multiply_target_and_add(val, column);
+  }
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>& List_column<Master_matrix>::multiply_target_and_add(const Field_element& val,
+                                                                                       List_column& column)
+{
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::isNonBasic && !Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type) {
+    // assumes that the addition never zeros out this column.
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+      if (val) {
+        if (_add(column)) {
+          Chain_opt::swap_pivots(column);
+          Dim_opt::swap_dimension(column);
+        }
+      } else {
+        throw std::invalid_argument("A chain column should not be multiplied by 0.");
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (_multiply_target_and_add(val, column)) {
+        Chain_opt::swap_pivots(column);
+        Dim_opt::swap_dimension(column);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+      if (val) {
+        _add(column);
+      } else {
+        clear();
+        _add(column);
+      }
+    } else {
+      _multiply_target_and_add(val, column);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+template <class Entry_range>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>& List_column<Master_matrix>::multiply_source_and_add(const Entry_range& column,
+                                                                                       const Field_element& val)
+{
+  static_assert((!Master_matrix::isNonBasic || std::is_same_v<Entry_range, List_column>),
+                "For boundary columns, the range has to be a column of same type to help ensure the validity of the "
+                "base element.");  // could be removed, if we give the responsibility to the user.
+  static_assert((!Master_matrix::isNonBasic || Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type),
+                "For chain columns, the given column cannot be constant.");
+
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+    if (val) {
+      _add(column);
+    }
+  } else {
+    _multiply_source_and_add(column, val);
+  }
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>& List_column<Master_matrix>::multiply_source_and_add(List_column& column,
+                                                                                       const Field_element& val)
+{
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::isNonBasic && !Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type) {
+    // assumes that the addition never zeros out this column.
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+      if (val) {
+        if (_add(column)) {
+          Chain_opt::swap_pivots(column);
+          Dim_opt::swap_dimension(column);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (_multiply_source_and_add(column, val)) {
+        Chain_opt::swap_pivots(column);
+        Dim_opt::swap_dimension(column);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+      if (val) {
+        _add(column);
+      }
+    } else {
+      _multiply_source_and_add(column, val);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline void List_column<Master_matrix>::push_back(const Entry& entry)
+{
+  static_assert(Master_matrix::Option_list::is_of_boundary_type, "`push_back` is not available for Chain matrices.");
+
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+    _insert_entry(entry.get_row_index(), column_.end());
+  } else {
+    _insert_entry(entry.get_element(), entry.get_row_index(), column_.end());
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline List_column<Master_matrix>& List_column<Master_matrix>::operator=(const List_column& other)
+{
+  static_assert(!Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access, "= assignment not enabled with row access option.");
+
+  Dim_opt::operator=(other);
+  Chain_opt::operator=(other);
+
+  auto tmpPool = entryPool_;
+  entryPool_ = other.entryPool_;
+
+  while (column_.size() > other.column_.size()) {
+    if (column_.back() != nullptr) {
+      if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access) RA_opt::unlink(column_.back());
+      tmpPool->destroy(column_.back());
+    }
+    column_.pop_back();
+  }
+
+  column_.resize(other.column_.size(), nullptr);
+  auto it = column_.begin();
+  for (const Entry* entry : other.column_) {
+    if (*it != nullptr) {
+      if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access) RA_opt::unlink(*it);
+      tmpPool->destroy(*it);
+    }
+    if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+      _update_entry(entry->get_row_index(), it++);
+    } else {
+      _update_entry(entry->get_element(), entry->get_row_index(), it++);
+    }
+  }
+
+  operators_ = other.operators_;
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline void List_column<Master_matrix>::_delete_entry(typename Column_support::iterator& it)
+{
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access) RA_opt::unlink(*it);
+  entryPool_->destroy(*it);
+  it = column_.erase(it);
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline typename List_column<Master_matrix>::Entry* List_column<Master_matrix>::_insert_entry(
+    const Field_element& value, ID_index rowIndex, const typename Column_support::iterator& position)
+{
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access) {
+    Entry* newEntry = entryPool_->construct(RA_opt::columnIndex_, rowIndex);
+    newEntry->set_element(value);
+    column_.insert(position, newEntry);
+    RA_opt::insert_entry(rowIndex, newEntry);
+    return newEntry;
+  } else {
+    Entry* newEntry = entryPool_->construct(rowIndex);
+    newEntry->set_element(value);
+    column_.insert(position, newEntry);
+    return newEntry;
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline void List_column<Master_matrix>::_insert_entry(ID_index rowIndex,
+                                                      const typename Column_support::iterator& position)
+{
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access) {
+    Entry* newEntry = entryPool_->construct(RA_opt::columnIndex_, rowIndex);
+    column_.insert(position, newEntry);
+    RA_opt::insert_entry(rowIndex, newEntry);
+  } else {
+    Entry* newEntry = entryPool_->construct(rowIndex);
+    column_.insert(position, newEntry);
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline void List_column<Master_matrix>::_update_entry(const Field_element& value,
+                                                      ID_index rowIndex,
+                                                      const typename Column_support::iterator& position)
+{
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access) {
+    *position = entryPool_->construct(RA_opt::columnIndex_, rowIndex);
+    (*position)->set_element(value);
+    RA_opt::insert_entry(rowIndex, *position);
+  } else {
+    *position = entryPool_->construct(rowIndex);
+    (*position)->set_element(value);
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+inline void List_column<Master_matrix>::_update_entry(ID_index rowIndex,
+                                                      const typename Column_support::iterator& position)
+{
+  if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::has_row_access) {
+    *position = entryPool_->construct(RA_opt::columnIndex_, rowIndex);
+    RA_opt::insert_entry(rowIndex, *position);
+  } else {
+    *position = entryPool_->construct(rowIndex);
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+template <class Entry_range>
+inline bool List_column<Master_matrix>::_add(const Entry_range& column)
+{
+  if (column.begin() == column.end()) return false;
+  if (column_.empty()) {  // chain should never enter here.
+    column_.resize(column.size());
+    auto it = column_.begin();
+    for (const Entry& entry : column) {
+      if constexpr (Master_matrix::Option_list::is_z2) {
+        _update_entry(entry.get_row_index(), it++);
+      } else {
+        _update_entry(entry.get_element(), entry.get_row_index(), it++);
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return _add_to_column(column, *this);
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+template <class Entry_range>
+inline bool List_column<Master_matrix>::_multiply_target_and_add(const Field_element& val, const Entry_range& column)
+{
+  return _multiply_target_and_add_to_column(val, column, *this);
+}
+
+template <class Master_matrix>
+template <class Entry_range>
+inline bool List_column<Master_matrix>::_multiply_source_and_add(const Entry_range& column, const Field_element& val)
+{
+  return _multiply_source_and_add_to_column(val, column, *this);
+}
+
+}  // namespace persistence_matrix
+}  // namespace Gudhi
+
+/**
+ * @ingroup persistence_matrix
+ *
+ * @brief Hash method for @ref Gudhi::persistence_matrix::List_column.
+ *
+ * @tparam Master_matrix Template parameter of @ref Gudhi::persistence_matrix::List_column.
+ * @tparam Entry_constructor Template parameter of @ref Gudhi::persistence_matrix::List_column.
+ */
+template <class Master_matrix>
+struct std::hash<Gudhi::persistence_matrix::List_column<Master_matrix> > {
+  std::size_t operator()(const Gudhi::persistence_matrix::List_column<Master_matrix>& column) const {
+    return Gudhi::persistence_matrix::hash_column(column);
+  }
+};
+
+#endif  // PM_LIST_COLUMN_H