mqt-core 3.3.2__cp313-cp313t-win_amd64.whl

mqt/core/include/mqt-core/boost/multiprecision/mpfi.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,2559 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//  Copyright 2011 John Maddock. Distributed under the Boost
+//  Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
+//  LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#ifndef BOOST_MP_MPFI_HPP
+#define BOOST_MP_MPFI_HPP
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/detail/standalone_config.hpp>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/detail/fpclassify.hpp>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/number.hpp>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/detail/digits.hpp>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/detail/precision.hpp>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/detail/atomic.hpp>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/traits/max_digits10.hpp>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/mpfr.hpp>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/logged_adaptor.hpp>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/detail/hash.hpp>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/detail/no_exceptions_support.hpp>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/detail/assert.hpp>
+#include <mpfi.h>
+
+#ifdef BOOST_MP_MATH_AVAILABLE
+#include <boost/math/constants/constants.hpp>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BOOST_MULTIPRECISION_MPFI_DEFAULT_PRECISION
+#define BOOST_MULTIPRECISION_MPFI_DEFAULT_PRECISION 20
+#endif
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace multiprecision {
+
+template <unsigned digits10>
+struct number_category<backends::mpfi_float_backend<digits10> > : public std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_floating_point>
+{};
+
+struct interval_error : public std::runtime_error
+{
+   interval_error(const std::string& s) : std::runtime_error(s) {}
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+   template <>
+   struct is_variable_precision<backends::mpfi_float_backend<0> > : public std::integral_constant<bool, true>
+   {};
+} // namespace detail
+
+
+namespace backends {
+
+namespace detail {
+
+inline int mpfi_sgn(mpfi_srcptr p)
+{
+   if (mpfi_is_zero(p))
+      return 0;
+   if (mpfi_is_strictly_pos(p))
+      return 1;
+   if (mpfi_is_strictly_neg(p))
+      return -1;
+   BOOST_MP_THROW_EXCEPTION(interval_error("Sign of interval is ambiguous."));
+}
+
+template <unsigned digits10>
+struct mpfi_float_imp;
+
+template <unsigned digits10>
+struct mpfi_float_imp
+{
+#ifdef BOOST_HAS_LONG_LONG
+   using signed_types = std::tuple<long, long long>          ;
+   using unsigned_types = std::tuple<unsigned long, unsigned long long>;
+#else
+   using signed_types = std::tuple<long>         ;
+   using unsigned_types = std::tuple<unsigned long>;
+#endif
+   using float_types = std::tuple<double, long double>;
+   using exponent_type = long                          ;
+
+   mpfi_float_imp()
+   {
+      mpfi_init2(m_data, multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10 ? digits10 : (unsigned)get_default_precision()));
+      mpfi_set_ui(m_data, 0u);
+   }
+   mpfi_float_imp(unsigned prec)
+   {
+      mpfi_init2(m_data, prec);
+      mpfi_set_ui(m_data, 0u);
+   }
+
+   mpfi_float_imp(const mpfi_float_imp& o)
+   {
+      mpfi_init2(m_data, preserve_source_precision() ? mpfi_get_prec(o.data()) : boost::multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(get_default_precision()));
+      if (o.m_data[0].left._mpfr_d)
+         mpfi_set(m_data, o.m_data);
+   }
+   template <unsigned D, mpfr_allocation_type AllocationType>
+   mpfi_float_imp(const mpfr_float_imp<D, AllocationType>& o)
+   {
+      mpfi_init2(m_data, (D == 0 ? preserve_component_precision() : preserve_related_precision()) ? mpfr_get_prec(o.data()) : boost::multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(get_default_precision()));
+      if (o.data()[0]._mpfr_d)
+         mpfi_set_fr(m_data, o.data());
+   }
+   // rvalue copy
+   mpfi_float_imp(mpfi_float_imp&& o) noexcept
+   {
+      mpfr_prec_t binary_default_precision = boost::multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(get_default_precision());
+      if ((this->get_default_options() != variable_precision_options::preserve_target_precision) || (mpfi_get_prec(o.data()) == binary_default_precision))
+      {
+         m_data[0]                = o.m_data[0];
+         o.m_data[0].left._mpfr_d = nullptr;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         // NOTE: C allocation interface must not throw:
+         mpfi_init2(m_data, binary_default_precision);
+         mpfi_set(m_data, o.m_data);
+      }
+   }
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(const mpfi_float_imp& o)
+   {
+      if (this != &o)
+      {
+         if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d == nullptr)
+            mpfi_init2(m_data, preserve_source_precision() ? mpfi_get_prec(o.m_data) : boost::multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(get_default_precision()));
+         else if (preserve_source_precision() && (mpfi_get_prec(o.data()) != mpfi_get_prec(data())))
+         {
+            mpfi_set_prec(m_data, mpfi_get_prec(o.m_data));
+         }
+         mpfi_set(m_data, o.m_data);
+      }
+      return *this;
+   }
+   // rvalue assign
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(mpfi_float_imp&& o) noexcept
+   {
+      if ((this->get_default_options() != variable_precision_options::preserve_target_precision) || (mpfi_get_prec(o.data()) == mpfi_get_prec(data())))
+         mpfi_swap(m_data, o.m_data);
+      else
+         *this = static_cast<const mpfi_float_imp&>(o);
+      return *this;
+   }
+#ifdef BOOST_HAS_LONG_LONG
+#ifdef _MPFR_H_HAVE_INTMAX_T
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(unsigned long long i)
+   {
+      if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d == nullptr)
+         mpfi_init2(m_data, multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10 ? digits10 : (unsigned)get_default_precision()));
+      mpfr_set_uj(left_data(), i, GMP_RNDD);
+      mpfr_set_uj(right_data(), i, GMP_RNDU);
+      return *this;
+   }
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(long long i)
+   {
+      if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d == nullptr)
+         mpfi_init2(m_data, multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10 ? digits10 : (unsigned)get_default_precision()));
+      mpfr_set_sj(left_data(), i, GMP_RNDD);
+      mpfr_set_sj(right_data(), i, GMP_RNDU);
+      return *this;
+   }
+#else
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(unsigned long long i)
+   {
+      if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d == nullptr)
+         mpfi_init2(m_data, multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10 ? digits10 : (unsigned)get_default_precision()));
+      unsigned long long mask  = ((((1uLL << (std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits - 1)) - 1) << 1) | 1u);
+      unsigned               shift = 0;
+      mpfi_t                 t;
+      mpfi_init2(t, (std::max)(static_cast<mpfr_prec_t>(std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::digits), static_cast<mpfr_prec_t>(multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10))));
+      mpfi_set_ui(m_data, 0);
+      while (i)
+      {
+         mpfi_set_ui(t, static_cast<unsigned long>(i & mask));
+         if (shift)
+            mpfi_mul_2exp(t, t, shift);
+         mpfi_add(m_data, m_data, t);
+         shift += std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits;
+         i >>= std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits;
+      }
+      mpfi_clear(t);
+      return *this;
+   }
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(long long i)
+   {
+      if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d == nullptr)
+         mpfi_init2(m_data, multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10 ? digits10 : (unsigned)get_default_precision()));
+      bool neg = i < 0;
+      *this    = boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(i);
+      if (neg)
+         mpfi_neg(m_data, m_data);
+      return *this;
+   }
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifdef BOOST_HAS_INT128
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(uint128_type i)
+   {
+      if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d == nullptr)
+         mpfi_init2(m_data, multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10 ? digits10 : (unsigned)get_default_precision()));
+      constexpr uint128_type mask = ((((static_cast<uint128_type>(1u) << (std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits - 1)) - 1) << 1) | 1u);
+      unsigned               shift = 0;
+      mpfi_t                 t;
+      mpfi_init2(t, (std::max)(static_cast<mpfr_prec_t>(128), static_cast<mpfr_prec_t>(multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10))));
+      mpfi_set_ui(m_data, 0);
+      while (i)
+      {
+         mpfi_set_ui(t, static_cast<unsigned long>(i & mask));
+         if (shift)
+            mpfi_mul_2exp(t, t, shift);
+         mpfi_add(m_data, m_data, t);
+         shift += std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits;
+         i >>= std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits;
+      }
+      mpfi_clear(t);
+      return *this;
+   }
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(int128_type i)
+   {
+      if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d == nullptr)
+         mpfi_init2(m_data, multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10 ? digits10 : (unsigned)get_default_precision()));
+      bool neg = i < 0;
+      *this = boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(i);
+      if (neg)
+         mpfi_neg(m_data, m_data);
+      return *this;
+   }
+#endif
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(unsigned long i)
+   {
+      if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d == nullptr)
+         mpfi_init2(m_data, multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10 ? digits10 : (unsigned)get_default_precision()));
+      mpfi_set_ui(m_data, i);
+      return *this;
+   }
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(long i)
+   {
+      if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d == nullptr)
+         mpfi_init2(m_data, multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10 ? digits10 : (unsigned)get_default_precision()));
+      mpfi_set_si(m_data, i);
+      return *this;
+   }
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(double d)
+   {
+      if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d == nullptr)
+         mpfi_init2(m_data, multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10 ? digits10 : (unsigned)get_default_precision()));
+      mpfi_set_d(m_data, d);
+      return *this;
+   }
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(long double a)
+   {
+      if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d == nullptr)
+         mpfi_init2(m_data, multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10 ? digits10 : (unsigned)get_default_precision()));
+      mpfr_set_ld(left_data(), a, GMP_RNDD);
+      mpfr_set_ld(right_data(), a, GMP_RNDU);
+      return *this;
+   }
+#ifdef BOOST_HAS_FLOAT128
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(float128_type a)
+   {
+      BOOST_MP_FLOAT128_USING
+      if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d == nullptr)
+         mpfi_init2(m_data, multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10 ? digits10 : (unsigned)get_default_precision()));
+
+      if (a == 0)
+      {
+         mpfi_set_si(m_data, 0);
+         return *this;
+      }
+
+      if (a == 1)
+      {
+         mpfi_set_si(m_data, 1);
+         return *this;
+      }
+
+      BOOST_MP_ASSERT(!BOOST_MP_ISINF(a));
+      BOOST_MP_ASSERT(!BOOST_MP_ISNAN(a));
+
+      int        e;
+      float128_type f, term;
+      mpfi_set_ui(m_data, 0u);
+
+      f = frexp(a, &e);
+
+      constexpr const int shift = std::numeric_limits<int>::digits - 1;
+
+      while (f)
+      {
+         // extract int sized bits from f:
+         f = ldexp(f, shift);
+         term = floor(f);
+         e -= shift;
+         mpfi_mul_2exp(m_data, m_data, shift);
+         if (term > 0)
+            mpfi_add_ui(m_data, m_data, static_cast<unsigned>(term));
+         else
+            mpfi_sub_ui(m_data, m_data, static_cast<unsigned>(-term));
+         f -= term;
+      }
+      if (e > 0)
+         mpfi_mul_2exp(m_data, m_data, e);
+      else if (e < 0)
+         mpfi_div_2exp(m_data, m_data, -e);
+      return *this;
+   }
+#endif
+   mpfi_float_imp& operator=(const char* s)
+   {
+      using default_ops::eval_fpclassify;
+
+      if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d == nullptr)
+         mpfi_init2(m_data, multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10 ? digits10 : (unsigned)get_default_precision()));
+
+      if (s && (*s == '{'))
+      {
+         mpfr_float_backend<digits10> a, b;
+         std::string                  part;
+         const char*                  p = ++s;
+         while (*p && (*p != ',') && (*p != '}'))
+            ++p;
+         part.assign(s, p);
+         a = part.c_str();
+         s = p;
+         if (*p && (*p != '}'))
+         {
+            ++p;
+            while (*p && (*p != ',') && (*p != '}'))
+               ++p;
+            part.assign(s + 1, p);
+         }
+         else
+            part.erase();
+         b = part.c_str();
+
+         if (eval_fpclassify(a) == static_cast<int>(FP_NAN))
+         {
+            mpfi_set_fr(this->data(), a.data());
+         }
+         else if (eval_fpclassify(b) == static_cast<int>(FP_NAN))
+         {
+            mpfi_set_fr(this->data(), b.data());
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            if (a.compare(b) > 0)
+            {
+               BOOST_MP_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error("Attempt to create interval with invalid range (start is greater than end)."));
+            }
+            mpfi_interv_fr(m_data, a.data(), b.data());
+         }
+      }
+      else if (mpfi_set_str(m_data, s, 10) != 0)
+      {
+         BOOST_MP_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error(std::string("Unable to parse string \"") + s + std::string("\"as a valid floating point number.")));
+      }
+      return *this;
+   }
+   void swap(mpfi_float_imp& o) noexcept
+   {
+      mpfi_swap(m_data, o.m_data);
+   }
+   std::string str(std::streamsize digits, std::ios_base::fmtflags f) const
+   {
+      BOOST_MP_ASSERT(m_data[0].left._mpfr_d);
+
+      mpfr_float_backend<digits10> a, b;
+
+      mpfi_get_left(a.data(), m_data);
+      mpfi_get_right(b.data(), m_data);
+
+      if (a.compare(b) == 0)
+         return a.str(digits, f);
+
+      return "{" + a.str(digits, f) + "," + b.str(digits, f) + "}";
+   }
+   ~mpfi_float_imp() noexcept
+   {
+      if (m_data[0].left._mpfr_d)
+         mpfi_clear(m_data);
+   }
+   void negate() noexcept
+   {
+      BOOST_MP_ASSERT(m_data[0].left._mpfr_d);
+      mpfi_neg(m_data, m_data);
+   }
+   int compare(const mpfi_float_imp& o) const noexcept
+   {
+      BOOST_MP_ASSERT(m_data[0].left._mpfr_d && o.m_data[0].left._mpfr_d);
+      if (mpfr_cmp(right_data(), o.left_data()) < 0)
+         return -1;
+      if (mpfr_cmp(left_data(), o.right_data()) > 0)
+         return 1;
+      if ((mpfr_cmp(left_data(), o.left_data()) == 0) && (mpfr_cmp(right_data(), o.right_data()) == 0))
+         return 0;
+      BOOST_MP_THROW_EXCEPTION(interval_error("Ambiguous comparison between two values."));
+      return 0;
+   }
+   template <class V>
+   int compare(V v) const noexcept
+   {
+      mpfi_float_imp d;
+      d = v;
+      return compare(d);
+   }
+   mpfi_t& data() noexcept
+   {
+      BOOST_MP_ASSERT(m_data[0].left._mpfr_d);
+      return m_data;
+   }
+   const mpfi_t& data() const noexcept
+   {
+      BOOST_MP_ASSERT(m_data[0].left._mpfr_d);
+      return m_data;
+   }
+   mpfr_ptr left_data() noexcept
+   {
+      BOOST_MP_ASSERT(m_data[0].left._mpfr_d);
+      return &(m_data[0].left);
+   }
+   mpfr_srcptr left_data() const noexcept
+   {
+      BOOST_MP_ASSERT(m_data[0].left._mpfr_d);
+      return &(m_data[0].left);
+   }
+   mpfr_ptr right_data() noexcept
+   {
+      BOOST_MP_ASSERT(m_data[0].left._mpfr_d);
+      return &(m_data[0].right);
+   }
+   mpfr_srcptr right_data() const noexcept
+   {
+      BOOST_MP_ASSERT(m_data[0].left._mpfr_d);
+      return &(m_data[0].right);
+   }
+
+ protected:
+   mpfi_t           m_data;
+   static boost::multiprecision::detail::precision_type& get_global_default_precision() noexcept
+   {
+      static boost::multiprecision::detail::precision_type val(BOOST_MULTIPRECISION_MPFI_DEFAULT_PRECISION);
+      return val;
+   }
+   static unsigned& get_default_precision() noexcept
+   {
+      static BOOST_MP_THREAD_LOCAL unsigned val(get_global_default_precision());
+      return val;
+   }
+#ifndef BOOST_MT_NO_ATOMIC_INT
+   static std::atomic<variable_precision_options>& get_global_default_options() noexcept
+#else
+   static variable_precision_options& get_global_default_options() noexcept
+#endif
+   {
+#ifndef BOOST_MT_NO_ATOMIC_INT
+      static std::atomic<variable_precision_options> val{variable_precision_options::preserve_related_precision};
+#else
+      static variable_precision_optionss val{variable_precision_options::preserve_related_precision};
+#endif
+      return val;
+   }
+   static variable_precision_options& get_default_options() noexcept
+   {
+      static BOOST_MP_THREAD_LOCAL variable_precision_options val(get_global_default_options());
+      return val;
+   }
+   static bool preserve_source_precision() noexcept
+   {
+      return get_default_options() >= variable_precision_options::preserve_source_precision;
+   }
+   static bool preserve_component_precision() noexcept
+   {
+      return get_default_options() >= variable_precision_options::preserve_component_precision;
+   }
+   static bool preserve_related_precision() noexcept
+   {
+      return get_default_options() >= variable_precision_options::preserve_related_precision;
+   }
+   static bool preserve_all_precision() noexcept
+   {
+      return get_default_options() >= variable_precision_options::preserve_all_precision;
+   }
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <unsigned digits10>
+struct mpfi_float_backend : public detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>
+{
+   mpfi_float_backend() : detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>() {}
+   mpfi_float_backend(const mpfi_float_backend& o) : detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>(o) {}
+   // rvalue copy
+   mpfi_float_backend(mpfi_float_backend&& o) : detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>(static_cast<detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>&&>(o))
+   {}
+   template <unsigned D>
+   mpfi_float_backend(const mpfi_float_backend<D>& val, typename std::enable_if<D <= digits10>::type* = nullptr)
+       : detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>()
+   {
+      mpfi_set(this->m_data, val.data());
+   }
+   template <unsigned D, mpfr_allocation_type AllocationType>
+   mpfi_float_backend(const mpfr_float_backend<D, AllocationType>& val, typename std::enable_if<D <= digits10>::type* = nullptr)
+       : detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>(val) {}
+
+   template <unsigned D>
+   explicit mpfi_float_backend(const mpfi_float_backend<D>& val, typename std::enable_if<!(D <= digits10)>::type* = nullptr)
+       : detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>()
+   {
+      mpfi_set(this->m_data, val.data());
+   }
+   mpfi_float_backend(const mpfi_t val)
+       : detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>()
+   {
+      mpfi_set(this->m_data, val);
+   }
+   mpfi_float_backend& operator=(const mpfi_float_backend& o)
+   {
+      *static_cast<detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>*>(this) = static_cast<detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10> const&>(o);
+      return *this;
+   }
+   template <unsigned D>
+   mpfi_float_backend(const mpfr_float_backend<D>& val, typename std::enable_if<D <= digits10>::type* = nullptr)
+       : detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>()
+   {
+      mpfi_set_fr(this->m_data, val.data());
+   }
+   template <unsigned D>
+   mpfi_float_backend& operator=(const mpfr_float_backend<D>& val)
+   {
+      mpfi_set_fr(this->m_data, val.data());
+      return *this;
+   }
+   template <unsigned D>
+   explicit mpfi_float_backend(const mpfr_float_backend<D>& val, typename std::enable_if<!(D <= digits10)>::type* = nullptr)
+       : detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>()
+   {
+      mpfi_set_fr(this->m_data, val.data());
+   }
+   // rvalue copy
+   mpfi_float_backend& operator=(mpfi_float_backend&& o) noexcept
+   {
+      *static_cast<detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>*>(this) = static_cast<detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>&&>(o);
+      return *this;
+   }
+   template <class V>
+   typename std::enable_if<std::is_assignable<detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>, V>::value, mpfi_float_backend&>::type operator=(const V& v)
+   {
+      *static_cast<detail::mpfi_float_imp<digits10>*>(this) = v;
+      return *this;
+   }
+   mpfi_float_backend& operator=(const mpfi_t val)
+   {
+      mpfi_set(this->m_data, val);
+      return *this;
+   }
+   // We don't change our precision here, this is a fixed precision type:
+   template <unsigned D>
+   mpfi_float_backend& operator=(const mpfi_float_backend<D>& val)
+   {
+      mpfi_set(this->m_data, val.data());
+      return *this;
+   }
+};
+
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2, mpfr_allocation_type AllocationType>
+void assign_components(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& result, const mpfr_float_backend<D2, AllocationType>& a, const mpfr_float_backend<D2, AllocationType>& b);
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, class V>
+typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10, allocate_dynamic>, et_on>, V>::value || std::is_convertible<V, const char*>::value>::type
+assign_components(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const V& a, const V& b);
+
+template <>
+struct mpfi_float_backend<0> : public detail::mpfi_float_imp<0>
+{
+   mpfi_float_backend() : detail::mpfi_float_imp<0>() {}
+   mpfi_float_backend(const mpfi_t val)
+       : detail::mpfi_float_imp<0>(mpfi_get_prec(val))
+   {
+      mpfi_set(this->m_data, val);
+   }
+   mpfi_float_backend(const mpfi_float_backend& o) : detail::mpfi_float_imp<0>(o) {}
+
+   template <unsigned D, mpfr_allocation_type AllocationType>
+   mpfi_float_backend(const mpfr_float_backend<D, AllocationType>& val)
+       : detail::mpfi_float_imp<0>(val) {}
+
+   // rvalue copy
+   mpfi_float_backend(mpfi_float_backend&& o) noexcept : detail::mpfi_float_imp<0>(static_cast<detail::mpfi_float_imp<0>&&>(o))
+   {}
+   mpfi_float_backend(const mpfi_float_backend& o, unsigned digits10)
+       : detail::mpfi_float_imp<0>(multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10))
+   {
+      mpfi_set(this->m_data, o.data());
+   }
+   template <class V>
+   mpfi_float_backend(const V& a, const V& b, unsigned digits10)
+       : detail::mpfi_float_imp<0>(multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(digits10))
+   {
+      boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_target_precision<mpfi_float_backend<0> > opts;
+      assign_components(*this, a, b);
+   }
+
+   template <unsigned D>
+   mpfi_float_backend(const mpfi_float_backend<D>& val)
+       : detail::mpfi_float_imp<0>(mpfi_get_prec(val.data()))
+   {
+      mpfi_set(this->m_data, val.data());
+   }
+   mpfi_float_backend& operator=(const mpfi_float_backend& o) = default;
+   // rvalue assign
+   mpfi_float_backend& operator=(mpfi_float_backend&& o) noexcept = default;
+
+   template <class V>
+   mpfi_float_backend& operator=(const V& v)
+   {
+      constexpr unsigned d10 = std::is_floating_point<V>::value ?
+         std::numeric_limits<V>::digits10 :
+         std::numeric_limits<V>::digits10 ? 1 + std::numeric_limits<V>::digits10 :
+         1 + boost::multiprecision::detail::digits2_2_10(std::numeric_limits<V>::digits);
+
+      if (thread_default_variable_precision_options() >= variable_precision_options::preserve_all_precision)
+      {
+         BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::is_floating_point<V>::value)
+         {
+            if (std::numeric_limits<V>::digits > mpfi_get_prec(this->data()))
+               mpfi_set_prec(this->data(), std::numeric_limits<V>::digits);
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            if (precision() < d10)
+               this->precision(d10);
+         }
+      }
+
+      *static_cast<detail::mpfi_float_imp<0>*>(this) = v;
+      return *this;
+   }
+   mpfi_float_backend& operator=(const mpfi_t val)
+   {
+      mpfi_set_prec(this->m_data, mpfi_get_prec(val));
+      mpfi_set(this->m_data, val);
+      return *this;
+   }
+   template <unsigned D>
+   mpfi_float_backend& operator=(const mpfi_float_backend<D>& val)
+   {
+      mpfi_set_prec(this->m_data, mpfi_get_prec(val.data()));
+      mpfi_set(this->m_data, val.data());
+      return *this;
+   }
+   static unsigned thread_default_precision() noexcept
+   {
+      return get_default_precision();
+   }
+   static void thread_default_precision(unsigned v) noexcept
+   {
+      get_default_precision() = v;
+   }
+   static unsigned default_precision() noexcept
+   {
+      return get_global_default_precision();
+   }
+   static void default_precision(unsigned v) noexcept
+   {
+      get_global_default_precision() = v;
+   }
+   unsigned precision() const noexcept
+   {
+      return multiprecision::detail::digits2_2_10(mpfi_get_prec(this->m_data));
+   }
+   void precision(unsigned digits10) noexcept
+   {
+      mpfi_float_backend t(*this, digits10);
+      this->swap(t);
+   }
+   //
+   // Variable precision options:
+   //
+   static variable_precision_options default_variable_precision_options() noexcept
+   {
+      return get_global_default_options();
+   }
+   static variable_precision_options thread_default_variable_precision_options() noexcept
+   {
+      return get_default_options();
+   }
+   static void default_variable_precision_options(variable_precision_options opts)
+   {
+      get_global_default_options() = opts;
+   }
+   static void thread_default_variable_precision_options(variable_precision_options opts)
+   {
+      get_default_options() = opts;
+   }
+};
+
+template <unsigned digits10, class T>
+inline typename std::enable_if<boost::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool>::type eval_eq(const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& a, const T& b) noexcept
+{
+   return a.compare(b) == 0;
+}
+template <unsigned digits10, class T>
+inline typename std::enable_if<boost::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool>::type eval_lt(const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& a, const T& b) noexcept
+{
+   return a.compare(b) < 0;
+}
+template <unsigned digits10, class T>
+inline typename std::enable_if<boost::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<T>::value, bool>::type eval_gt(const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& a, const T& b) noexcept
+{
+   return a.compare(b) > 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_add(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& o)
+{
+   mpfi_add(result.data(), result.data(), o.data());
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_subtract(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& o)
+{
+   mpfi_sub(result.data(), result.data(), o.data());
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_multiply(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& o)
+{
+   if ((void*)&result == (void*)&o)
+      mpfi_sqr(result.data(), o.data());
+   else
+      mpfi_mul(result.data(), result.data(), o.data());
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_divide(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& o)
+{
+   mpfi_div(result.data(), result.data(), o.data());
+}
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_add(mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& result, unsigned long i)
+{
+   mpfi_add_ui(result.data(), result.data(), i);
+}
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_subtract(mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& result, unsigned long i)
+{
+   mpfi_sub_ui(result.data(), result.data(), i);
+}
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_multiply(mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& result, unsigned long i)
+{
+   mpfi_mul_ui(result.data(), result.data(), i);
+}
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_divide(mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& result, unsigned long i)
+{
+   mpfi_div_ui(result.data(), result.data(), i);
+}
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_add(mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& result, long i)
+{
+   if (i > 0)
+      mpfi_add_ui(result.data(), result.data(), i);
+   else
+      mpfi_sub_ui(result.data(), result.data(), boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(i));
+}
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_subtract(mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& result, long i)
+{
+   if (i > 0)
+      mpfi_sub_ui(result.data(), result.data(), i);
+   else
+      mpfi_add_ui(result.data(), result.data(), boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(i));
+}
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_multiply(mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& result, long i)
+{
+   mpfi_mul_ui(result.data(), result.data(), boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(i));
+   if (i < 0)
+      mpfi_neg(result.data(), result.data());
+}
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_divide(mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& result, long i)
+{
+   mpfi_div_ui(result.data(), result.data(), boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(i));
+   if (i < 0)
+      mpfi_neg(result.data(), result.data());
+}
+//
+// Specialised 3 arg versions of the basic operators:
+//
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2, unsigned D3>
+inline void eval_add(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& x, const mpfi_float_backend<D3>& y)
+{
+   mpfi_add(a.data(), x.data(), y.data());
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_add(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& x, unsigned long y)
+{
+   mpfi_add_ui(a.data(), x.data(), y);
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_add(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& x, long y)
+{
+   if (y < 0)
+      mpfi_sub_ui(a.data(), x.data(), boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(y));
+   else
+      mpfi_add_ui(a.data(), x.data(), y);
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_add(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, unsigned long x, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& y)
+{
+   mpfi_add_ui(a.data(), y.data(), x);
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_add(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, long x, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& y)
+{
+   if (x < 0)
+   {
+      mpfi_ui_sub(a.data(), boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(x), y.data());
+      mpfi_neg(a.data(), a.data());
+   }
+   else
+      mpfi_add_ui(a.data(), y.data(), x);
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2, unsigned D3>
+inline void eval_subtract(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& x, const mpfi_float_backend<D3>& y)
+{
+   mpfi_sub(a.data(), x.data(), y.data());
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_subtract(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& x, unsigned long y)
+{
+   mpfi_sub_ui(a.data(), x.data(), y);
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_subtract(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& x, long y)
+{
+   if (y < 0)
+      mpfi_add_ui(a.data(), x.data(), boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(y));
+   else
+      mpfi_sub_ui(a.data(), x.data(), y);
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_subtract(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, unsigned long x, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& y)
+{
+   mpfi_ui_sub(a.data(), x, y.data());
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_subtract(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, long x, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& y)
+{
+   if (x < 0)
+   {
+      mpfi_add_ui(a.data(), y.data(), boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(x));
+      mpfi_neg(a.data(), a.data());
+   }
+   else
+      mpfi_ui_sub(a.data(), x, y.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2, unsigned D3>
+inline void eval_multiply(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& x, const mpfi_float_backend<D3>& y)
+{
+   if ((void*)&x == (void*)&y)
+      mpfi_sqr(a.data(), x.data());
+   else
+      mpfi_mul(a.data(), x.data(), y.data());
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_multiply(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& x, unsigned long y)
+{
+   mpfi_mul_ui(a.data(), x.data(), y);
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_multiply(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& x, long y)
+{
+   if (y < 0)
+   {
+      mpfi_mul_ui(a.data(), x.data(), boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(y));
+      a.negate();
+   }
+   else
+      mpfi_mul_ui(a.data(), x.data(), y);
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_multiply(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, unsigned long x, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& y)
+{
+   mpfi_mul_ui(a.data(), y.data(), x);
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_multiply(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, long x, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& y)
+{
+   if (x < 0)
+   {
+      mpfi_mul_ui(a.data(), y.data(), boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(x));
+      mpfi_neg(a.data(), a.data());
+   }
+   else
+      mpfi_mul_ui(a.data(), y.data(), x);
+}
+
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2, unsigned D3>
+inline void eval_divide(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& x, const mpfi_float_backend<D3>& y)
+{
+   mpfi_div(a.data(), x.data(), y.data());
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_divide(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& x, unsigned long y)
+{
+   mpfi_div_ui(a.data(), x.data(), y);
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_divide(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& x, long y)
+{
+   if (y < 0)
+   {
+      mpfi_div_ui(a.data(), x.data(), boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(y));
+      a.negate();
+   }
+   else
+      mpfi_div_ui(a.data(), x.data(), y);
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_divide(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, unsigned long x, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& y)
+{
+   mpfi_ui_div(a.data(), x, y.data());
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2>
+inline void eval_divide(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& a, long x, const mpfi_float_backend<D2>& y)
+{
+   if (x < 0)
+   {
+      mpfi_ui_div(a.data(), boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(x), y.data());
+      mpfi_neg(a.data(), a.data());
+   }
+   else
+      mpfi_ui_div(a.data(), x, y.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline bool eval_is_zero(const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& val) noexcept
+{
+   return 0 != mpfi_is_zero(val.data());
+}
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline int eval_get_sign(const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& val)
+{
+   return detail::mpfi_sgn(val.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_convert_to(unsigned long* result, const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& val)
+{
+   mpfr_float_backend<digits10> t;
+   mpfi_mid(t.data(), val.data());
+   eval_convert_to(result, t);
+}
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_convert_to(long* result, const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& val)
+{
+   mpfr_float_backend<digits10> t;
+   mpfi_mid(t.data(), val.data());
+   eval_convert_to(result, t);
+}
+#ifdef _MPFR_H_HAVE_INTMAX_T
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_convert_to(unsigned long long* result, const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& val)
+{
+   mpfr_float_backend<digits10> t;
+   mpfi_mid(t.data(), val.data());
+   eval_convert_to(result, t);
+}
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_convert_to(long long* result, const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& val)
+{
+   mpfr_float_backend<digits10> t;
+   mpfi_mid(t.data(), val.data());
+   eval_convert_to(result, t);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef BOOST_HAS_INT128
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_convert_to(uint128_type* result, const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& val)
+{
+   mpfr_float_backend<digits10> t;
+   mpfi_mid(t.data(), val.data());
+   eval_convert_to(result, t);
+}
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_convert_to(int128_type* result, const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& val)
+{
+   mpfr_float_backend<digits10> t;
+   mpfi_mid(t.data(), val.data());
+   eval_convert_to(result, t);
+}
+#endif
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_convert_to(double* result, const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& val) noexcept
+{
+   *result = mpfi_get_d(val.data());
+}
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_convert_to(long double* result, const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& val) noexcept
+{
+   mpfr_float_backend<digits10> t;
+   mpfi_mid(t.data(), val.data());
+   eval_convert_to(result, t);
+}
+#ifdef BOOST_HAS_FLOAT128
+template <unsigned digits10>
+inline void eval_convert_to(float128_type* result, const mpfi_float_backend<digits10>& val)
+{
+   mpfr_float_backend<digits10> t;
+   mpfi_mid(t.data(), val.data());
+   eval_convert_to(result, t);
+}
+#endif
+template <mpfr_allocation_type AllocationType>
+inline void assign_components_set_precision(mpfi_float_backend<0>& result, const mpfr_float_backend<0, AllocationType>& a, const mpfr_float_backend<0, AllocationType>& b)
+{
+   if (result.thread_default_variable_precision_options() >= variable_precision_options::preserve_component_precision)
+   {
+      unsigned long prec = (std::max)(mpfr_get_prec(a.data()), mpfr_get_prec(b.data()));
+      mpfi_set_prec(result.data(), prec);
+   }
+}
+template <unsigned D2, mpfr_allocation_type AllocationType>
+inline void assign_components_set_precision(mpfi_float_backend<0>& result, const mpfr_float_backend<D2, AllocationType>& a, const mpfr_float_backend<D2, AllocationType>& b)
+{
+   if (result.thread_default_variable_precision_options() >= variable_precision_options::preserve_related_precision)
+   {
+      unsigned long prec = (std::max)(mpfr_get_prec(a.data()), mpfr_get_prec(b.data()));
+      mpfi_set_prec(result.data(), prec);
+   }
+}
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2, mpfr_allocation_type AllocationType>
+inline void assign_components_set_precision(mpfi_float_backend<D1>&, const mpfr_float_backend<D2, AllocationType>&, const mpfr_float_backend<D2, AllocationType>&)
+{
+}
+
+
+template <unsigned D1, unsigned D2, mpfr_allocation_type AllocationType>
+inline void assign_components(mpfi_float_backend<D1>& result, const mpfr_float_backend<D2, AllocationType>& a, const mpfr_float_backend<D2, AllocationType>& b)
+{
+   //
+   // This is called from class number's constructors, so if we have variable
+   // precision, then copy the precision of the source variables.
+   //
+   assign_components_set_precision(result, a, b);
+
+   using default_ops::eval_fpclassify;
+   if (eval_fpclassify(a) == static_cast<int>(FP_NAN))
+   {
+      mpfi_set_fr(result.data(), a.data());
+   }
+   else if (eval_fpclassify(b) == static_cast<int>(FP_NAN))
+   {
+      mpfi_set_fr(result.data(), b.data());
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      if (a.compare(b) > 0)
+      {
+         BOOST_MP_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error("Attempt to create interval with invalid range (start is greater than end)."));
+      }
+      mpfi_interv_fr(result.data(), a.data(), b.data());
+   }
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, class V>
+inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10, allocate_dynamic>, et_on>, V>::value || std::is_convertible<V, const char*>::value>::type
+assign_components(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const V& a, const V& b)
+{
+   number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10, allocate_dynamic>, et_on> x(a), y(b);
+   assign_components(result, x.backend(), y.backend());
+}
+
+//
+// Native non-member operations:
+//
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_sqrt(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& val)
+{
+   mpfi_sqrt(result.data(), val.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_abs(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& val)
+{
+   mpfi_abs(result.data(), val.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_fabs(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& val)
+{
+   mpfi_abs(result.data(), val.data());
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_ceil(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& val)
+{
+   mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> a, b;
+   mpfr_set(a.data(), val.left_data(), GMP_RNDN);
+   mpfr_set(b.data(), val.right_data(), GMP_RNDN);
+   eval_ceil(a, a);
+   eval_ceil(b, b);
+   if (a.compare(b) != 0)
+   {
+      BOOST_MP_THROW_EXCEPTION(interval_error("Attempt to take the ceil of a value that straddles an integer boundary."));
+   }
+   mpfi_set_fr(result.data(), a.data());
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_floor(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& val)
+{
+   mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> a, b;
+   mpfr_set(a.data(), val.left_data(), GMP_RNDN);
+   mpfr_set(b.data(), val.right_data(), GMP_RNDN);
+   eval_floor(a, a);
+   eval_floor(b, b);
+   if (a.compare(b) != 0)
+   {
+      BOOST_MP_THROW_EXCEPTION(interval_error("Attempt to take the floor of a value that straddles an integer boundary."));
+   }
+   mpfi_set_fr(result.data(), a.data());
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_ldexp(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& val, long e)
+{
+   if (e > 0)
+      mpfi_mul_2exp(result.data(), val.data(), e);
+   else if (e < 0)
+      mpfi_div_2exp(result.data(), val.data(), -e);
+   else
+      result = val;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_frexp(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& val, int* e)
+{
+   mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> t, rt;
+   mpfi_mid(t.data(), val.data());
+   eval_frexp(rt, t, e);
+   eval_ldexp(result, val, -*e);
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_frexp(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& val, long* e)
+{
+   mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> t, rt;
+   mpfi_mid(t.data(), val.data());
+   eval_frexp(rt, t, e);
+   eval_ldexp(result, val, -*e);
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline int eval_fpclassify(const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& val) noexcept
+{
+   return mpfi_inf_p(val.data()) ? FP_INFINITE : mpfi_nan_p(val.data()) ? FP_NAN : mpfi_is_zero(val.data()) ? FP_ZERO : FP_NORMAL;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_pow(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& b, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& e)
+{
+   using ui_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >::type;
+   using default_ops::eval_get_sign;
+   int s = eval_get_sign(b);
+   if (s == 0)
+   {
+      if (eval_get_sign(e) == 0)
+      {
+         result = ui_type(1);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         result = ui_type(0);
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+   if (s < 0)
+   {
+      if (eval_get_sign(e) < 0)
+      {
+         mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> t1, t2;
+         t1 = e;
+         t1.negate();
+         eval_pow(t2, b, t1);
+         t1 = ui_type(1);
+         eval_divide(result, t1, t2);
+         return;
+      }
+      typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<std::uintmax_t, mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >::type an;
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+      try
+      {
+#endif
+         using default_ops::eval_convert_to;
+         eval_convert_to(&an, e);
+         if (e.compare(an) == 0)
+         {
+            mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> pb(b);
+            pb.negate();
+            eval_pow(result, pb, e);
+            if (an & 1u)
+               result.negate();
+            return;
+         }
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+      }
+      catch (const std::exception&)
+      {
+         // conversion failed, just fall through, value is not an integer.
+      }
+#endif
+      result = std::numeric_limits<number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, et_on> >::quiet_NaN().backend();
+      return;
+   }
+   mpfi_log(result.data(), b.data());
+   mpfi_mul(result.data(), result.data(), e.data());
+   mpfi_exp(result.data(), result.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_exp(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_exp(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_exp2(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_exp2(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_log(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_log(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_log10(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_log10(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_sin(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_sin(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_cos(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_cos(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_tan(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_tan(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_asin(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_asin(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_acos(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_acos(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_atan(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_atan(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_atan2(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg1, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg2)
+{
+   mpfi_atan2(result.data(), arg1.data(), arg2.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_sinh(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_sinh(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_cosh(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_cosh(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_tanh(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_tanh(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline void eval_log2(mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& result, const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& arg)
+{
+   mpfi_log2(result.data(), arg.data());
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+inline std::size_t hash_value(const mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>& val)
+{
+   std::size_t result = 0;
+   std::size_t len    = val.left_data()[0]._mpfr_prec / mp_bits_per_limb;
+   if (val.left_data()[0]._mpfr_prec % mp_bits_per_limb)
+      ++len;
+   for (std::size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+      boost::multiprecision::detail::hash_combine(result, val.left_data()[0]._mpfr_d[i]);
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::hash_combine(result, val.left_data()[0]._mpfr_exp, val.left_data()[0]._mpfr_sign);
+
+   len = val.right_data()[0]._mpfr_prec / mp_bits_per_limb;
+   if (val.right_data()[0]._mpfr_prec % mp_bits_per_limb)
+      ++len;
+   for (std::size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+      boost::multiprecision::detail::hash_combine(result, val.right_data()[0]._mpfr_d[i]);
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::hash_combine(result, val.right_data()[0]._mpfr_exp, val.right_data()[0]._mpfr_sign);
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <class To, unsigned D>
+void generic_interconvert(To& to, const mpfi_float_backend<D>& from, const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_integer>& to_type, const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_floating_point>& from_type)
+{
+   using boost::multiprecision::detail::generic_interconvert;
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_precision_options<number<mpfr_float_backend<D>>> scoped(from);
+   mpfr_float_backend<D> t;
+   mpfi_mid(t.data(), from.data());
+   generic_interconvert(to, t, to_type, from_type);
+}
+
+template <class To, unsigned D>
+void generic_interconvert(To& to, const mpfi_float_backend<D>& from, const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_rational>& to_type, const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_floating_point>& from_type)
+{
+   using boost::multiprecision::detail::generic_interconvert;
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_precision_options<number<mpfr_float_backend<D>>> scoped(from);
+   mpfr_float_backend<D> t;
+   mpfi_mid(t.data(), from.data());
+   generic_interconvert(to, t, to_type, from_type);
+}
+
+template <class To, unsigned D>
+void generic_interconvert(To& to, const mpfi_float_backend<D>& from, const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_floating_point>& to_type, const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_floating_point>& from_type)
+{
+   using boost::multiprecision::detail::generic_interconvert;
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_precision_options<number<mpfr_float_backend<D>>> scoped(from);
+   mpfr_float_backend<D> t;
+   mpfi_mid(t.data(), from.data());
+   generic_interconvert(to, t, to_type, from_type);
+}
+
+} // namespace backends
+
+template <>
+struct number_category<detail::canonical<mpfi_t, backends::mpfi_float_backend<0> >::type> : public std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_floating_point>
+{};
+template <unsigned Digits10>
+struct is_interval_number<backends::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> > : public std::integral_constant<bool, true>
+{};
+
+//
+// Special interval specific functions:
+//
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> lower(const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& val)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_precision_options<number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(val);
+   number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >                                                                               result;
+   mpfr_set(result.backend().data(), val.backend().left_data(), GMP_RNDN);
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> upper(const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& val)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_precision_options<number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(val);
+   number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >                                                                               result;
+   mpfr_set(result.backend().data(), val.backend().right_data(), GMP_RNDN);
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> median(const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& val)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_precision_options<number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(val);
+   number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >                                                                               result;
+   mpfi_mid(result.backend().data(), val.backend().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> width(const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& val)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_precision_options<number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(val);
+   number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >                                                                               result;
+   mpfi_diam_abs(result.backend().data(), val.backend().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> intersect(const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(a, b);
+   number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>                                                           result;
+   mpfi_intersect(result.backend().data(), a.backend().data(), b.backend().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> hull(const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(a, b);
+   number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>                                                           result;
+   mpfi_union(result.backend().data(), a.backend().data(), b.backend().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool overlap(const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   return (lower(a) <= lower(b) && lower(b) <= upper(a)) ||
+          (lower(b) <= lower(a) && lower(a) <= upper(b));
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates1, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates2>
+inline bool in(const number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates1>& a, const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates2>& b)
+{
+   return mpfi_is_inside_fr(a.backend().data(), b.backend().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool zero_in(const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& a)
+{
+   return mpfi_has_zero(a.backend().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool subset(const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   return mpfi_is_inside(a.backend().data(), b.backend().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool proper_subset(const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   return mpfi_is_strictly_inside(a.backend().data(), b.backend().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool empty(const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& a)
+{
+   return mpfi_is_empty(a.backend().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool singleton(const number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& a)
+{
+   return mpfr_cmp(a.backend().left_data(), a.backend().right_data()) == 0;
+}
+
+//
+// Again with debug_adaptor:
+//
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<debug_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> lower(const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& val)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<debug_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(val);
+   number<debug_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> > >                                                                               result;
+   mpfr_set(result.backend().value().data(), val.backend().value().left_data(), GMP_RNDN);
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<debug_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> upper(const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& val)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<debug_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(val);
+   number<debug_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> > >                                                                               result;
+   mpfr_set(result.backend().value().data(), val.backend().value().right_data(), GMP_RNDN);
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<debug_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> median(const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& val)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<debug_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(val);
+   number<debug_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> > >                                                                               result;
+   mpfi_mid(result.backend().value().data(), val.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<debug_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> width(const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& val)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<debug_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(val);
+   number<debug_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> > >                                                                               result;
+   mpfi_diam_abs(result.backend().value().data(), val.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> intersect(const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(a, b);
+   number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>                                                           result;
+   mpfi_intersect(result.backend().value().data(), a.backend().value().data(), b.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> hull(const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(a, b);
+   number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>                                                           result;
+   mpfi_union(result.backend().value().data(), a.backend().value().data(), b.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool overlap(const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   return (lower(a) <= lower(b) && lower(b) <= upper(a)) ||
+          (lower(b) <= lower(a) && lower(a) <= upper(b));
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates1, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates2>
+inline bool in(const number<debug_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates1>& a, const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates2>& b)
+{
+   return mpfi_is_inside_fr(a.backend().value().data(), b.backend().value().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool zero_in(const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a)
+{
+   return mpfi_has_zero(a.backend().value().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool subset(const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   return mpfi_is_inside(a.backend().value().data(), b.backend().value().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool proper_subset(const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   return mpfi_is_strictly_inside(a.backend().value().data(), b.backend().value().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool empty(const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a)
+{
+   return mpfi_is_empty(a.backend().value().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool singleton(const number<debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a)
+{
+   return mpfr_cmp(a.backend().value().left_data(), a.backend().value().right_data()) == 0;
+}
+//
+// Again with logged_adaptor:
+//
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<logged_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> lower(const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& val)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<logged_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(val);
+   number<logged_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> > >                                                                               result;
+   mpfr_set(result.backend().value().data(), val.backend().value().left_data(), GMP_RNDN);
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<logged_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> upper(const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& val)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<logged_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(val);
+   number<logged_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> > >                                                                               result;
+   mpfr_set(result.backend().value().data(), val.backend().value().right_data(), GMP_RNDN);
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<logged_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> median(const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& val)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<logged_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(val);
+   number<logged_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> > >                                                                               result;
+   mpfi_mid(result.backend().value().data(), val.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<logged_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> width(const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& val)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<logged_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(val);
+   number<logged_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> > >                                                                               result;
+   mpfi_diam_abs(result.backend().value().data(), val.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> intersect(const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(a, b);
+   number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>                                                           result;
+   mpfi_intersect(result.backend().value().data(), a.backend().value().data(), b.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> hull(const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(a, b);
+   number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>                                                           result;
+   mpfi_union(result.backend().value().data(), a.backend().value().data(), b.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool overlap(const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   return (lower(a) <= lower(b) && lower(b) <= upper(a)) ||
+          (lower(b) <= lower(a) && lower(a) <= upper(b));
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates1, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates2>
+inline bool in(const number<logged_adaptor<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates1>& a, const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates2>& b)
+{
+   return mpfi_is_inside_fr(a.backend().value().data(), b.backend().value().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool zero_in(const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a)
+{
+   return mpfi_has_zero(a.backend().value().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool subset(const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   return mpfi_is_inside(a.backend().value().data(), b.backend().value().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool proper_subset(const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a, const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& b)
+{
+   return mpfi_is_strictly_inside(a.backend().value().data(), b.backend().value().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool empty(const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a)
+{
+   return mpfi_is_empty(a.backend().value().data()) != 0;
+}
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline bool singleton(const number<logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& a)
+{
+   return mpfr_cmp(a.backend().value().left_data(), a.backend().value().right_data()) == 0;
+}
+//
+// component_type specialization:
+//
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+struct component_type<number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using type = number<mpfr_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>;
+};
+
+//
+// Overloaded special functions which call native mpfr routines:
+//
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> asinh BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_asinh(result.backend().data(), arg.backend().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> acosh BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_acosh(result.backend().data(), arg.backend().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> atanh BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_atanh(result.backend().data(), arg.backend().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> cbrt BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_cbrt(result.backend().data(), arg.backend().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> expm1 BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_expm1(result.backend().data(), arg.backend().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> log1p BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_log1p(result.backend().data(), arg.backend().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+//
+// And again with debug_adaptor:
+//
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> asinh BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_asinh(result.backend().value().data(), arg.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> acosh BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_acosh(result.backend().value().data(), arg.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> atanh BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_atanh(result.backend().value().data(), arg.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> cbrt BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_cbrt(result.backend().value().data(), arg.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> expm1 BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_expm1(result.backend().value().data(), arg.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> log1p BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_log1p(result.backend().value().data(), arg.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+//
+// And again with logged_adaptor:
+//
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> asinh BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_asinh(result.backend().value().data(), arg.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> acosh BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_acosh(result.backend().value().data(), arg.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> atanh BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_atanh(result.backend().value().data(), arg.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> cbrt BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_cbrt(result.backend().value().data(), arg.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> expm1 BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_expm1(result.backend().value().data(), arg.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+template <unsigned Digits10, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> log1p BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>& arg)
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> > precision_guard(arg);
+
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> result;
+   mpfi_log1p(result.backend().value().data(), arg.backend().value().data());
+   return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace multiprecision
+
+namespace math {
+
+namespace tools {
+
+inline void set_output_precision(const boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float& val, std::ostream& os)
+{
+   os << std::setprecision(val.precision());
+}
+
+template <>
+inline int digits<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float>()
+#ifdef BOOST_MATH_NOEXCEPT
+    noexcept
+#endif
+{
+   return multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float::thread_default_precision());
+}
+template <>
+inline int digits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, boost::multiprecision::et_off> >()
+#ifdef BOOST_MATH_NOEXCEPT
+    noexcept
+#endif
+{
+   return multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float::thread_default_precision());
+}
+
+template <>
+inline boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float
+max_value<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float>()
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float result(0.5);
+   mpfi_mul_2exp(result.backend().data(), result.backend().data(), mpfr_get_emax());
+   //BOOST_MP_ASSERT(mpfi_number_p(result.backend().data()));
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float
+min_value<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float>()
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float result(0.5);
+   mpfi_div_2exp(result.backend().data(), result.backend().data(), -mpfr_get_emin());
+   //BOOST_MP_ASSERT(mpfi_number_p(result.backend().data()));
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, boost::multiprecision::et_off>
+max_value<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, boost::multiprecision::et_off> >()
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, boost::multiprecision::et_off> result(0.5);
+   mpfi_mul_2exp(result.backend().data(), result.backend().data(), mpfr_get_emax());
+   //BOOST_MP_ASSERT(mpfi_number_p(result.backend().data()));
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, boost::multiprecision::et_off>
+min_value<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, boost::multiprecision::et_off> >()
+{
+   boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, boost::multiprecision::et_off> result(0.5);
+   mpfi_div_2exp(result.backend().data(), result.backend().data(), -mpfr_get_emin());
+   //BOOST_MP_ASSERT(mpfi_number_p(result.backend().data()));
+   return result;
+}
+
+// mpfi gets used with logged_adaptor fairly often, so specialize for that use case as well:
+using logged_type1 = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float::backend_type>, boost::multiprecision::et_on> ;
+using logged_type2 = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float::backend_type>, boost::multiprecision::et_off>;
+
+template <>
+inline int digits<logged_type1>()
+#ifdef BOOST_MATH_NOEXCEPT
+    noexcept
+#endif
+{
+   return multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(logged_type1::thread_default_precision());
+}
+template <>
+inline int digits<logged_type2>()
+#ifdef BOOST_MATH_NOEXCEPT
+    noexcept
+#endif
+{
+   return multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(logged_type1::thread_default_precision());
+}
+
+template <>
+inline logged_type1
+max_value<logged_type1>()
+{
+   logged_type1 result(0.5);
+   mpfi_mul_2exp(result.backend().value().data(), result.backend().value().data(), mpfr_get_emax());
+   //BOOST_MP_ASSERT(mpfi_number_p(result.backend().data()));
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline logged_type1
+min_value<logged_type1>()
+{
+   logged_type1 result(0.5);
+   mpfi_div_2exp(result.backend().value().data(), result.backend().value().data(), -mpfr_get_emin());
+   //BOOST_MP_ASSERT(mpfi_number_p(result.backend().data()));
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline logged_type2
+max_value<logged_type2>()
+{
+   logged_type2 result(0.5);
+   mpfi_mul_2exp(result.backend().value().data(), result.backend().value().data(), mpfr_get_emax());
+   //BOOST_MP_ASSERT(mpfi_number_p(result.backend().data()));
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline logged_type2
+min_value<logged_type2>()
+{
+   logged_type2 result(0.5);
+   mpfi_div_2exp(result.backend().value().data(), result.backend().value().data(), -mpfr_get_emin());
+   //BOOST_MP_ASSERT(mpfi_number_p(result.backend().data()));
+   return result;
+}
+// mpfi gets used with debug_adaptor fairly often, so specialize for that use case as well:
+using debug_type1 = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float::backend_type>, boost::multiprecision::et_on> ;
+using debug_type2 = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float::backend_type>, boost::multiprecision::et_off>;
+
+template <>
+inline int digits<debug_type1>()
+#ifdef BOOST_MATH_NOEXCEPT
+    noexcept
+#endif
+{
+   return multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(debug_type1::default_precision());
+}
+template <>
+inline int digits<debug_type2>()
+#ifdef BOOST_MATH_NOEXCEPT
+    noexcept
+#endif
+{
+   return multiprecision::detail::digits10_2_2(debug_type1::default_precision());
+}
+
+template <>
+inline debug_type1
+max_value<debug_type1>()
+{
+   debug_type1 result(0.5);
+   mpfi_mul_2exp(result.backend().value().data(), result.backend().value().data(), mpfr_get_emax());
+   //BOOST_MP_ASSERT(mpfi_number_p(result.backend().data()));
+   result.backend().update_view();
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline debug_type1
+min_value<debug_type1>()
+{
+   debug_type1 result(0.5);
+   mpfi_div_2exp(result.backend().value().data(), result.backend().value().data(), -mpfr_get_emin());
+   //BOOST_MP_ASSERT(mpfi_number_p(result.backend().data()));
+   result.backend().update_view();
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline debug_type2
+max_value<debug_type2>()
+{
+   debug_type2 result(0.5);
+   mpfi_mul_2exp(result.backend().value().data(), result.backend().value().data(), mpfr_get_emax());
+   //BOOST_MP_ASSERT(mpfi_number_p(result.backend().data()));
+   result.backend().update_view();
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline debug_type2
+min_value<debug_type2>()
+{
+   debug_type2 result(0.5);
+   mpfi_div_2exp(result.backend().value().data(), result.backend().value().data(), -mpfr_get_emin());
+   //BOOST_MP_ASSERT(mpfi_number_p(result.backend().data()));
+   result.backend().update_view();
+   return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace tools
+
+namespace constants { namespace detail {
+
+template <class T>
+struct constant_pi;
+template <class T>
+struct constant_ln_two;
+template <class T>
+struct constant_euler;
+template <class T>
+struct constant_catalan;
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+struct constant_pi<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using result_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>;
+   template <int N>
+   static inline const result_type& get(const std::integral_constant<int, N>&)
+   {
+      // Rely on C++11 thread safe initialization:
+      static result_type result{get(std::integral_constant<int, 0>())};
+      return result;
+   }
+   static inline result_type get(const std::integral_constant<int, 0>&)
+   {
+      result_type result;
+      mpfi_const_pi(result.backend().data());
+      return result;
+   }
+};
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+struct constant_ln_two<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using result_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>;
+   template <int N>
+   static inline const result_type& get(const std::integral_constant<int, N>&)
+   {
+      // Rely on C++11 thread safe initialization:
+      static result_type result{get(std::integral_constant<int, 0>())};
+      return result;
+   }
+   static inline result_type get(const std::integral_constant<int, 0>&)
+   {
+      result_type result;
+      mpfi_const_log2(result.backend().data());
+      return result;
+   }
+};
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+struct constant_euler<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using result_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>;
+   template <int N>
+   static inline const result_type& get(const std::integral_constant<int, N>&)
+   {
+      // Rely on C++11 thread safe initialization:
+      static result_type result{get(std::integral_constant<int, 0>())};
+      return result;
+   }
+   static inline result_type get(const std::integral_constant<int, 0>&)
+   {
+      result_type result;
+      mpfi_const_euler(result.backend().data());
+      return result;
+   }
+};
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+struct constant_catalan<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using result_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>;
+   template <int N>
+   static inline const result_type& get(const std::integral_constant<int, N>&)
+   {
+      // Rely on C++11 thread safe initialization:
+      static result_type result{get(std::integral_constant<int, 0>())};
+      return result;
+   }
+   static inline result_type get(const std::integral_constant<int, 0>&)
+   {
+      result_type result;
+      mpfi_const_catalan(result.backend().data());
+      return result;
+   }
+};
+//
+// And again with debug_adaptor:
+//
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+struct constant_pi<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using result_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>;
+   template <int N>
+   static inline const result_type& get(const std::integral_constant<int, N>&)
+   {
+      // C++11 thread safe static initialization:
+      static result_type result{get(std::integral_constant<int, 0>())};
+      return result;
+   }
+   static inline result_type get(const std::integral_constant<int, 0>&)
+   {
+      result_type result;
+      mpfi_const_pi(result.backend().value().data());
+      result.backend().update_view();
+      return result;
+   }
+};
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+struct constant_ln_two<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using result_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>;
+   template <int N>
+   static inline const result_type& get(const std::integral_constant<int, N>&)
+   {
+      // C++11 thread safe static initialization:
+      static result_type result{get(std::integral_constant<int, 0>())};
+      return result;
+   }
+   static inline result_type get(const std::integral_constant<int, 0>&)
+   {
+      result_type result;
+      mpfi_const_log2(result.backend().value().data());
+      result.backend().update_view();
+      return result;
+   }
+};
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+struct constant_euler<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using result_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>;
+   template <int N>
+   static inline const result_type& get(const std::integral_constant<int, N>&)
+   {
+      // C++11 thread safe static initialization:
+      static result_type result{get(std::integral_constant<int, 0>())};
+      return result;
+   }
+   static inline result_type get(const std::integral_constant<int, 0>&)
+   {
+      result_type result;
+      mpfi_const_euler(result.backend().value().data());
+      result.backend().update_view();
+      return result;
+   }
+};
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+struct constant_catalan<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using result_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::debug_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>;
+   template <int N>
+   static inline const result_type& get(const std::integral_constant<int, N>&)
+   {
+      // C++11 thread safe static initialization:
+      static result_type result{get(std::integral_constant<int, 0>())};
+      return result;
+   }
+   static inline result_type get(const std::integral_constant<int, 0>&)
+   {
+      result_type result;
+      mpfi_const_catalan(result.backend().value().data());
+      result.backend().update_view();
+      return result;
+   }
+};
+//
+// And again with logged_adaptor:
+//
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+struct constant_pi<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using result_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>;
+   template <int N>
+   static inline const result_type& get(const std::integral_constant<int, N>&)
+   {
+      // C++11 thread safe static initialization:
+      static result_type result{get(std::integral_constant<int, 0>())};
+      return result;
+   }
+   static inline result_type get(const std::integral_constant<int, 0>&)
+   {
+      result_type result;
+      mpfi_const_pi(result.backend().value().data());
+      return result;
+   }
+};
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+struct constant_ln_two<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using result_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>;
+   template <int N>
+   static inline const result_type& get(const std::integral_constant<int, N>&)
+   {
+      // C++11 thread safe static initialization:
+      static result_type result{get(std::integral_constant<int, 0>())};
+      return result;
+   }
+   static inline result_type get(const std::integral_constant<int, 0>&)
+   {
+      result_type result;
+      mpfi_const_log2(result.backend().value().data());
+      return result;
+   }
+};
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+struct constant_euler<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using result_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>;
+   template <int N>
+   static inline const result_type& get(const std::integral_constant<int, N>&)
+   {
+      // C++11 thread safe static initialization:
+      static result_type result{get(std::integral_constant<int, 0>())};
+      return result;
+   }
+   static inline result_type get(const std::integral_constant<int, 0>&)
+   {
+      result_type result;
+      mpfi_const_euler(result.backend().value().data());
+      return result;
+   }
+};
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+struct constant_catalan<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using result_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::backends::logged_adaptor<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10> >, ExpressionTemplates>;
+   template <int N>
+   static inline const result_type& get(const std::integral_constant<int, N>&)
+   {
+      // C++11 thread safe static initialization:
+      static result_type result{get(std::integral_constant<int, 0>())};
+      return result;
+   }
+   static inline result_type get(const std::integral_constant<int, 0>&)
+   {
+      result_type result;
+      mpfi_const_catalan(result.backend().value().data());
+      return result;
+   }
+};
+
+}} // namespace constants::detail
+
+} // namespace math
+} // namespace boost
+
+namespace std {
+
+//
+// numeric_limits [partial] specializations for the types declared in this header:
+//
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+class numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using number_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates>;
+   static number_type get_min()
+   {
+      number_type value(0.5);
+      mpfi_div_2exp(value.backend().data(), value.backend().data(), -mpfr_get_emin());
+      return value;
+   }
+   static number_type get_max()
+   {
+      number_type value(0.5);
+      mpfi_mul_2exp(value.backend().data(), value.backend().data(), mpfr_get_emax());
+      return value;
+   }
+   static number_type get_epsilon()
+   {
+      number_type value(1);
+      mpfi_div_2exp(value.backend().data(), value.backend().data(), std::numeric_limits<number_type>::digits - 1);
+      return value;
+   }
+   static number_type get_infinity()
+   {
+      number_type value;
+      boost::multiprecision::mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> t;
+      mpfr_set_inf(t.data(), 1);
+      mpfi_set_fr(value.backend().data(), t.data());
+      return value;
+   }
+   static number_type get_quiet_NaN()
+   {
+      number_type value;
+      boost::multiprecision::mpfr_float_backend<Digits10> t;
+      mpfr_set_nan(t.data());
+      mpfi_set_fr(value.backend().data(), t.data());
+      return value;
+   }
+
+ public:
+   static constexpr bool is_specialized = true;
+   static number_type(min)()
+   {
+      static number_type value{get_min()};
+      return value;
+   }
+   static number_type(max)()
+   {
+      static number_type value{get_max()};
+      return value;
+   }
+   static constexpr number_type lowest()
+   {
+      return -(max)();
+   }
+   static constexpr int digits   = static_cast<int>((Digits10 * 1000L) / 301L + ((Digits10 * 1000L) % 301 ? 2 : 1));
+   static constexpr int digits10 = Digits10;
+   // Is this really correct???
+   static constexpr int  max_digits10 = boost::multiprecision::detail::calc_max_digits10<digits>::value;
+   static constexpr bool is_signed    = true;
+   static constexpr bool is_integer   = false;
+   static constexpr bool is_exact     = false;
+   static constexpr int  radix        = 2;
+   static number_type          epsilon()
+   {
+      static number_type value{get_epsilon()};
+      return value;
+   }
+   // What value should this be????
+   static number_type round_error()
+   {
+      return 0.5;
+   }
+   static constexpr long min_exponent                  = MPFR_EMIN_DEFAULT;
+   static constexpr long min_exponent10                = (MPFR_EMIN_DEFAULT / 1000) * 301L;
+   static constexpr long max_exponent                  = MPFR_EMAX_DEFAULT;
+   static constexpr long max_exponent10                = (MPFR_EMAX_DEFAULT / 1000) * 301L;
+   static constexpr bool has_infinity                  = true;
+   static constexpr bool has_quiet_NaN                 = true;
+   static constexpr bool has_signaling_NaN             = false;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
+#endif
+   static constexpr float_denorm_style       has_denorm      = denorm_absent;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+   static constexpr bool has_denorm_loss = false;
+   static number_type                        infinity()
+   {
+      static number_type value{get_infinity()};
+      return value;
+   }
+   static number_type quiet_NaN()
+   {
+      static number_type value{get_quiet_NaN()};
+      return value;
+   }
+   static constexpr number_type signaling_NaN()
+   {
+      return number_type(0);
+   }
+   static constexpr number_type denorm_min() { return (min)(); }
+   static constexpr bool        is_iec559         = false;
+   static constexpr bool        is_bounded        = true;
+   static constexpr bool        is_modulo         = false;
+   static constexpr bool        traps             = true;
+   static constexpr bool        tinyness_before   = false;
+   static constexpr float_round_style round_style = round_to_nearest;
+};
+
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::digits;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::digits10;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::max_digits10;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_signed;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_integer;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_exact;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::radix;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr long numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::min_exponent;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr long numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::min_exponent10;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr long numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::max_exponent;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr long numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::max_exponent10;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_infinity;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_quiet_NaN;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_signaling_NaN;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
+#endif
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr float_denorm_style numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_denorm;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_denorm_loss;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_iec559;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_bounded;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_modulo;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::traps;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::tinyness_before;
+template <unsigned Digits10, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr float_round_style numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<Digits10>, ExpressionTemplates> >::round_style;
+
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+class numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >
+{
+   using number_type = boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates>;
+
+ public:
+   static constexpr bool is_specialized = false;
+   static number_type(min)() { return number_type(0); }
+   static number_type(max)() { return number_type(0); }
+   static number_type          lowest() { return number_type(0); }
+   static constexpr int  digits       = 0;
+   static constexpr int  digits10     = 0;
+   static constexpr int  max_digits10 = 0;
+   static constexpr bool is_signed    = false;
+   static constexpr bool is_integer   = false;
+   static constexpr bool is_exact     = false;
+   static constexpr int  radix        = 0;
+   static number_type          epsilon() { return number_type(0); }
+   static number_type          round_error() { return number_type(0); }
+   static constexpr int  min_exponent                  = 0;
+   static constexpr int  min_exponent10                = 0;
+   static constexpr int  max_exponent                  = 0;
+   static constexpr int  max_exponent10                = 0;
+   static constexpr bool has_infinity                  = false;
+   static constexpr bool has_quiet_NaN                 = false;
+   static constexpr bool has_signaling_NaN             = false;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
+#endif
+   static constexpr float_denorm_style       has_denorm      = denorm_absent;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+   static constexpr bool                     has_denorm_loss = false;
+   static number_type                        infinity() { return number_type(0); }
+   static number_type                        quiet_NaN() { return number_type(0); }
+   static number_type                        signaling_NaN() { return number_type(0); }
+   static number_type                        denorm_min() { return number_type(0); }
+   static constexpr bool               is_iec559       = false;
+   static constexpr bool               is_bounded      = false;
+   static constexpr bool               is_modulo       = false;
+   static constexpr bool               traps           = false;
+   static constexpr bool               tinyness_before = false;
+   static constexpr float_round_style round_style      = round_toward_zero;
+};
+
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::digits;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::digits10;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::max_digits10;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_signed;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_integer;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_exact;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::radix;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::min_exponent;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::min_exponent10;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::max_exponent;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::max_exponent10;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_infinity;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_quiet_NaN;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_signaling_NaN;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
+#endif
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr float_denorm_style numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_denorm;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_denorm_loss;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_iec559;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_bounded;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_modulo;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::traps;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::tinyness_before;
+template <boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
+constexpr float_round_style numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::mpfi_float_backend<0>, ExpressionTemplates> >::round_style;
+
+} // namespace std
+#endif