mqt-core 3.2.0__cp314-cp314-win_arm64.whl

mqt/core/include/mqt-core/boost/multiprecision/detail/functions/pow.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,905 @@
+
+// Copyright Christopher Kormanyos 2002 - 2013.
+// Copyright 2011 - 2013 John Maddock.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+//    (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+//          http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+// This work is based on an earlier work:
+// "Algorithm 910: A Portable C++ Multiple-Precision System for Special-Function Calculations",
+// in ACM TOMS, {VOL 37, ISSUE 4, (February 2011)} (C) ACM, 2011. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1916461.1916469
+//
+// This file has no include guards or namespaces - it's expanded inline inside default_ops.hpp
+//
+
+#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 6326) // comparison of two constants
+#pragma warning(disable : 4127) // conditional expression is constant
+#endif
+
+#include <boost/multiprecision/detail/standalone_config.hpp>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/detail/no_exceptions_support.hpp>
+#include <boost/multiprecision/detail/assert.hpp>
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+inline void pow_imp(T& result, const T& t, const U& p, const std::integral_constant<bool, false>&)
+{
+   // Compute the pure power of typename T t^p.
+   // Use the S-and-X binary method, as described in
+   // D. E. Knuth, "The Art of Computer Programming", Vol. 2,
+   // Section 4.6.3 . The resulting computational complexity
+   // is order log2[abs(p)].
+
+   using int_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<U, T>::type;
+
+   if (&result == &t)
+   {
+      T temp;
+      pow_imp(temp, t, p, std::integral_constant<bool, false>());
+      result = temp;
+      return;
+   }
+
+   // This will store the result.
+   if (U(p % U(2)) != U(0))
+   {
+      result = t;
+   }
+   else
+      result = int_type(1);
+
+   U p2(p);
+
+   // The variable x stores the binary powers of t.
+   T x(t);
+
+   while (U(p2 /= 2) != U(0))
+   {
+      // Square x for each binary power.
+      eval_multiply(x, x);
+
+      const bool has_binary_power = (U(p2 % U(2)) != U(0));
+
+      if (has_binary_power)
+      {
+         // Multiply the result with each binary power contained in the exponent.
+         eval_multiply(result, x);
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+inline void pow_imp(T& result, const T& t, const U& p, const std::integral_constant<bool, true>&)
+{
+   // Signed integer power, just take care of the sign then call the unsigned version:
+   using int_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<U, T>::type;
+   using ui_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::make_unsigned<U>::type                         ;
+
+   if (p < 0)
+   {
+      T temp;
+      temp = static_cast<int_type>(1);
+      T denom;
+      pow_imp(denom, t, static_cast<ui_type>(-p), std::integral_constant<bool, false>());
+      eval_divide(result, temp, denom);
+      return;
+   }
+   pow_imp(result, t, static_cast<ui_type>(p), std::integral_constant<bool, false>());
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+inline typename std::enable_if<boost::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<U>::value>::type eval_pow(T& result, const T& t, const U& p)
+{
+   detail::pow_imp(result, t, p, boost::multiprecision::detail::is_signed<U>());
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void hyp0F0(T& H0F0, const T& x)
+{
+   // Compute the series representation of Hypergeometric0F0 taken from
+   // http://functions.wolfram.com/HypergeometricFunctions/Hypergeometric0F0/06/01/
+   // There are no checks on input range or parameter boundaries.
+
+   using ui_type = typename std::tuple_element<0, typename T::unsigned_types>::type;
+
+   BOOST_MP_ASSERT(&H0F0 != &x);
+   long tol = boost::multiprecision::detail::digits2<number<T, et_on> >::value();
+   T    t;
+
+   T x_pow_n_div_n_fact(x);
+
+   eval_add(H0F0, x_pow_n_div_n_fact, ui_type(1));
+
+   T lim;
+   eval_ldexp(lim, H0F0, static_cast<int>(1L - tol));
+   if (eval_get_sign(lim) < 0)
+      lim.negate();
+
+   ui_type n;
+
+   const unsigned series_limit =
+       boost::multiprecision::detail::digits2<number<T, et_on> >::value() < 100
+           ? 100
+           : boost::multiprecision::detail::digits2<number<T, et_on> >::value();
+   // Series expansion of hyperg_0f0(; ; x).
+   for (n = 2; n < series_limit; ++n)
+   {
+      eval_multiply(x_pow_n_div_n_fact, x);
+      eval_divide(x_pow_n_div_n_fact, n);
+      eval_add(H0F0, x_pow_n_div_n_fact);
+      bool neg = eval_get_sign(x_pow_n_div_n_fact) < 0;
+      if (neg)
+         x_pow_n_div_n_fact.negate();
+      if (lim.compare(x_pow_n_div_n_fact) > 0)
+         break;
+      if (neg)
+         x_pow_n_div_n_fact.negate();
+   }
+   if (n >= series_limit)
+      BOOST_MP_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error("H0F0 failed to converge"));
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void hyp1F0(T& H1F0, const T& a, const T& x)
+{
+   // Compute the series representation of Hypergeometric1F0 taken from
+   // http://functions.wolfram.com/HypergeometricFunctions/Hypergeometric1F0/06/01/01/
+   // and also see the corresponding section for the power function (i.e. x^a).
+   // There are no checks on input range or parameter boundaries.
+
+   using si_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<int, T>::type;
+
+   BOOST_MP_ASSERT(&H1F0 != &x);
+   BOOST_MP_ASSERT(&H1F0 != &a);
+
+   T x_pow_n_div_n_fact(x);
+   T pochham_a(a);
+   T ap(a);
+
+   eval_multiply(H1F0, pochham_a, x_pow_n_div_n_fact);
+   eval_add(H1F0, si_type(1));
+   T lim;
+   eval_ldexp(lim, H1F0, 1 - boost::multiprecision::detail::digits2<number<T, et_on> >::value());
+   if (eval_get_sign(lim) < 0)
+      lim.negate();
+
+   si_type n;
+   T       term, part;
+
+   const si_type series_limit =
+       boost::multiprecision::detail::digits2<number<T, et_on> >::value() < 100
+           ? 100
+           : boost::multiprecision::detail::digits2<number<T, et_on> >::value();
+   // Series expansion of hyperg_1f0(a; ; x).
+   for (n = 2; n < series_limit; n++)
+   {
+      eval_multiply(x_pow_n_div_n_fact, x);
+      eval_divide(x_pow_n_div_n_fact, n);
+      eval_increment(ap);
+      eval_multiply(pochham_a, ap);
+      eval_multiply(term, pochham_a, x_pow_n_div_n_fact);
+      eval_add(H1F0, term);
+      if (eval_get_sign(term) < 0)
+         term.negate();
+      if (lim.compare(term) >= 0)
+         break;
+   }
+   if (n >= series_limit)
+      BOOST_MP_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error("H1F0 failed to converge"));
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void eval_exp(T& result, const T& x)
+{
+   static_assert(number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point, "The exp function is only valid for floating point types.");
+   if (&x == &result)
+   {
+      T temp;
+      eval_exp(temp, x);
+      result = temp;
+      return;
+   }
+   using ui_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
+   using si_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<int, T>::type     ;
+   using exp_type = typename T::exponent_type                                           ;
+   using canonical_exp_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<exp_type, T>::type;
+
+   // Handle special arguments.
+   int  type  = eval_fpclassify(x);
+   bool isneg = eval_get_sign(x) < 0;
+   if (type == static_cast<int>(FP_NAN))
+   {
+      result = x;
+      errno  = EDOM;
+      return;
+   }
+   else if (type == static_cast<int>(FP_INFINITE))
+   {
+      if (isneg)
+         result = ui_type(0u);
+      else
+         result = x;
+      return;
+   }
+   else if (type == static_cast<int>(FP_ZERO))
+   {
+      result = ui_type(1);
+      return;
+   }
+
+   // Get local copy of argument and force it to be positive.
+   T xx = x;
+   T exp_series;
+   if (isneg)
+      xx.negate();
+
+   // Check the range of the argument.
+   if (xx.compare(si_type(1)) <= 0)
+   {
+      //
+      // Use series for exp(x) - 1:
+      //
+      T lim;
+      BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::numeric_limits<number<T, et_on> >::is_specialized)
+         lim = std::numeric_limits<number<T, et_on> >::epsilon().backend();
+      else
+      {
+         result = ui_type(1);
+         eval_ldexp(lim, result, 1 - boost::multiprecision::detail::digits2<number<T, et_on> >::value());
+      }
+      unsigned k = 2;
+      exp_series = xx;
+      result     = si_type(1);
+      if (isneg)
+         eval_subtract(result, exp_series);
+      else
+         eval_add(result, exp_series);
+      eval_multiply(exp_series, xx);
+      eval_divide(exp_series, ui_type(k));
+      eval_add(result, exp_series);
+      while (exp_series.compare(lim) > 0)
+      {
+         ++k;
+         eval_multiply(exp_series, xx);
+         eval_divide(exp_series, ui_type(k));
+         if (isneg && (k & 1))
+            eval_subtract(result, exp_series);
+         else
+            eval_add(result, exp_series);
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+
+   // Check for pure-integer arguments which can be either signed or unsigned.
+   typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<std::intmax_t, T>::type ll;
+   eval_trunc(exp_series, x);
+   eval_convert_to(&ll, exp_series);
+   if (x.compare(ll) == 0)
+   {
+      detail::pow_imp(result, get_constant_e<T>(), ll, std::integral_constant<bool, true>());
+      return;
+   }
+   else if (exp_series.compare(x) == 0)
+   {
+      // We have a value that has no fractional part, but is too large to fit
+      // in a long long, in this situation the code below will fail, so
+      // we're just going to assume that this will overflow:
+      if (isneg)
+         result = ui_type(0);
+      else
+         result = std::numeric_limits<number<T> >::has_infinity ? std::numeric_limits<number<T> >::infinity().backend() : (std::numeric_limits<number<T> >::max)().backend();
+      return;
+   }
+
+   // The algorithm for exp has been taken from MPFUN.
+   // exp(t) = [ (1 + r + r^2/2! + r^3/3! + r^4/4! ...)^p2 ] * 2^n
+   // where p2 is a power of 2 such as 2048, r = t_prime / p2, and
+   // t_prime = t - n*ln2, with n chosen to minimize the absolute
+   // value of t_prime. In the resulting Taylor series, which is
+   // implemented as a hypergeometric function, |r| is bounded by
+   // ln2 / p2. For small arguments, no scaling is done.
+
+   // Compute the exponential series of the (possibly) scaled argument.
+
+   eval_divide(result, xx, get_constant_ln2<T>());
+   exp_type n;
+   eval_convert_to(&n, result);
+
+   if (n == (std::numeric_limits<exp_type>::max)())
+   {
+      // Exponent is too large to fit in our exponent type:
+      if (isneg)
+         result = ui_type(0);
+      else
+         result = std::numeric_limits<number<T> >::has_infinity ? std::numeric_limits<number<T> >::infinity().backend() : (std::numeric_limits<number<T> >::max)().backend();
+      return;
+   }
+
+   // The scaling is 2^11 = 2048.
+   const si_type p2 = static_cast<si_type>(si_type(1) << 11);
+
+   eval_multiply(exp_series, get_constant_ln2<T>(), static_cast<canonical_exp_type>(n));
+   eval_subtract(exp_series, xx);
+   eval_divide(exp_series, p2);
+   exp_series.negate();
+   hyp0F0(result, exp_series);
+
+   detail::pow_imp(exp_series, result, p2, std::integral_constant<bool, true>());
+   result = ui_type(1);
+   eval_ldexp(result, result, n);
+   eval_multiply(exp_series, result);
+
+   if (isneg)
+      eval_divide(result, ui_type(1), exp_series);
+   else
+      result = exp_series;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void eval_log(T& result, const T& arg)
+{
+   static_assert(number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point, "The log function is only valid for floating point types.");
+   //
+   // We use a variation of http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.45#i
+   // using frexp to reduce the argument to x * 2^n,
+   // then let y = x - 1 and compute:
+   // log(x) = log(2) * n + log1p(1 + y)
+   //
+   using ui_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
+   using exp_type = typename T::exponent_type                                           ;
+   using canonical_exp_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<exp_type, T>::type;
+   using fp_type = typename std::tuple_element<0, typename T::float_types>::type                  ;
+   int                                                                          s = eval_signbit(arg);
+   switch (eval_fpclassify(arg))
+   {
+   case FP_NAN:
+      result = arg;
+      errno  = EDOM;
+      return;
+   case FP_INFINITE:
+      if (s)
+         break;
+      result = arg;
+      return;
+   case FP_ZERO:
+      result = std::numeric_limits<number<T> >::has_infinity ? std::numeric_limits<number<T> >::infinity().backend() : (std::numeric_limits<number<T> >::max)().backend();
+      result.negate();
+      errno = ERANGE;
+      return;
+   }
+   if (s)
+   {
+      result = std::numeric_limits<number<T> >::quiet_NaN().backend();
+      errno  = EDOM;
+      return;
+   }
+
+   exp_type e;
+   T        t;
+   eval_frexp(t, arg, &e);
+   bool alternate = false;
+
+   if (t.compare(fp_type(2) / fp_type(3)) <= 0)
+   {
+      alternate = true;
+      eval_ldexp(t, t, 1);
+      --e;
+   }
+
+   eval_multiply(result, get_constant_ln2<T>(), canonical_exp_type(e));
+   INSTRUMENT_BACKEND(result);
+   eval_subtract(t, ui_type(1)); /* -0.3 <= t <= 0.3 */
+   if (!alternate)
+      t.negate(); /* 0 <= t <= 0.33333 */
+   T pow = t;
+   T lim;
+   T t2;
+
+   if (alternate)
+      eval_add(result, t);
+   else
+      eval_subtract(result, t);
+
+   BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::numeric_limits<number<T, et_on> >::is_specialized)
+      eval_multiply(lim, result, std::numeric_limits<number<T, et_on> >::epsilon().backend());
+   else
+      eval_ldexp(lim, result, 1 - boost::multiprecision::detail::digits2<number<T, et_on> >::value());
+   if (eval_get_sign(lim) < 0)
+      lim.negate();
+   INSTRUMENT_BACKEND(lim);
+
+   ui_type k = 1;
+   do
+   {
+      ++k;
+      eval_multiply(pow, t);
+      eval_divide(t2, pow, k);
+      INSTRUMENT_BACKEND(t2);
+      if (alternate && ((k & 1) != 0))
+         eval_add(result, t2);
+      else
+         eval_subtract(result, t2);
+      INSTRUMENT_BACKEND(result);
+   } while (lim.compare(t2) < 0);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+const T& get_constant_log10()
+{
+   static BOOST_MP_THREAD_LOCAL T             result;
+   static BOOST_MP_THREAD_LOCAL long digits = 0;
+   if ((digits != boost::multiprecision::detail::digits2<number<T> >::value()))
+   {
+      using ui_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
+      T                                                                            ten;
+      ten = ui_type(10u);
+      eval_log(result, ten);
+      digits = boost::multiprecision::detail::digits2<number<T> >::value();
+   }
+
+   return result;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void eval_log10(T& result, const T& arg)
+{
+   static_assert(number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point, "The log10 function is only valid for floating point types.");
+   eval_log(result, arg);
+   eval_divide(result, get_constant_log10<T>());
+}
+
+template <class R, class T>
+inline void eval_log2(R& result, const T& a)
+{
+   eval_log(result, a);
+   eval_divide(result, get_constant_ln2<R>());
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline void eval_pow(T& result, const T& x, const T& a)
+{
+   static_assert(number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point, "The pow function is only valid for floating point types.");
+   using si_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<int, T>::type;
+   using fp_type = typename std::tuple_element<0, typename T::float_types>::type             ;
+
+   if ((&result == &x) || (&result == &a))
+   {
+      T t;
+      eval_pow(t, x, a);
+      result = t;
+      return;
+   }
+
+   if ((a.compare(si_type(1)) == 0) || (x.compare(si_type(1)) == 0))
+   {
+      result = x;
+      return;
+   }
+   if (a.compare(si_type(0)) == 0)
+   {
+      result = si_type(1);
+      return;
+   }
+
+   int type = eval_fpclassify(x);
+
+   switch (type)
+   {
+   case FP_ZERO:
+      switch (eval_fpclassify(a))
+      {
+      case FP_ZERO:
+         result = si_type(1);
+         break;
+      case FP_NAN:
+         result = a;
+         break;
+      case FP_NORMAL: {
+         // Need to check for a an odd integer as a special case:
+         BOOST_MP_TRY
+         {
+            typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<std::intmax_t, T>::type i;
+            eval_convert_to(&i, a);
+            if (a.compare(i) == 0)
+            {
+               if (eval_signbit(a))
+               {
+                  if (i & 1)
+                  {
+                     result = std::numeric_limits<number<T> >::infinity().backend();
+                     if (eval_signbit(x))
+                        result.negate();
+                     errno = ERANGE;
+                  }
+                  else
+                  {
+                     result = std::numeric_limits<number<T> >::infinity().backend();
+                     errno  = ERANGE;
+                  }
+               }
+               else if (i & 1)
+               {
+                  result = x;
+               }
+               else
+                  result = si_type(0);
+               return;
+            }
+         }
+         BOOST_MP_CATCH(const std::exception&)
+         {
+            // fallthrough..
+         }
+         BOOST_MP_CATCH_END
+         BOOST_FALLTHROUGH;
+      }
+      default:
+         if (eval_signbit(a))
+         {
+            result = std::numeric_limits<number<T> >::infinity().backend();
+            errno  = ERANGE;
+         }
+         else
+            result = x;
+         break;
+      }
+      return;
+   case FP_NAN:
+      result = x;
+      errno  = ERANGE;
+      return;
+   default:;
+   }
+
+   int s = eval_get_sign(a);
+   if (s == 0)
+   {
+      result = si_type(1);
+      return;
+   }
+
+   if (s < 0)
+   {
+      T t, da;
+      t = a;
+      t.negate();
+      eval_pow(da, x, t);
+      eval_divide(result, si_type(1), da);
+      return;
+   }
+
+   typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<std::intmax_t, T>::type an;
+   typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<std::intmax_t, T>::type max_an =
+       std::numeric_limits<typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<std::intmax_t, T>::type>::is_specialized ? (std::numeric_limits<typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<std::intmax_t, T>::type>::max)() : static_cast<typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<std::intmax_t, T>::type>(1) << (sizeof(typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<std::intmax_t, T>::type) * CHAR_BIT - 2);
+   typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<std::intmax_t, T>::type min_an =
+       std::numeric_limits<typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<std::intmax_t, T>::type>::is_specialized ? (std::numeric_limits<typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<std::intmax_t, T>::type>::min)() : -min_an;
+
+   T fa;
+   BOOST_MP_TRY
+   {
+      eval_convert_to(&an, a);
+      if (a.compare(an) == 0)
+      {
+         detail::pow_imp(result, x, an, std::integral_constant<bool, true>());
+         return;
+      }
+   }
+   BOOST_MP_CATCH(const std::exception&)
+   {
+      // conversion failed, just fall through, value is not an integer.
+      an = (std::numeric_limits<std::intmax_t>::max)();
+   }
+   BOOST_MP_CATCH_END
+   if ((eval_get_sign(x) < 0))
+   {
+      typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<std::uintmax_t, T>::type aun;
+      BOOST_MP_TRY
+      {
+         eval_convert_to(&aun, a);
+         if (a.compare(aun) == 0)
+         {
+            fa = x;
+            fa.negate();
+            eval_pow(result, fa, a);
+            if (aun & 1u)
+               result.negate();
+            return;
+         }
+      }
+      BOOST_MP_CATCH(const std::exception&)
+      {
+         // conversion failed, just fall through, value is not an integer.
+      }
+      BOOST_MP_CATCH_END
+
+      eval_floor(result, a);
+      // -1^INF is a special case in C99:
+      if ((x.compare(si_type(-1)) == 0) && (eval_fpclassify(a) == FP_INFINITE))
+      {
+         result = si_type(1);
+      }
+      else if (a.compare(result) == 0)
+      {
+         // exponent is so large we have no fractional part:
+         if (x.compare(si_type(-1)) < 0)
+         {
+            result = std::numeric_limits<number<T, et_on> >::infinity().backend();
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            result = si_type(0);
+         }
+      }
+      else if (type == FP_INFINITE)
+      {
+         result = std::numeric_limits<number<T, et_on> >::infinity().backend();
+      }
+      else BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR (std::numeric_limits<number<T, et_on> >::has_quiet_NaN)
+      {
+         result = std::numeric_limits<number<T, et_on> >::quiet_NaN().backend();
+         errno  = EDOM;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         BOOST_MP_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::domain_error("Result of pow is undefined or non-real and there is no NaN for this number type."));
+      }
+      return;
+   }
+
+   T t, da;
+
+   eval_subtract(da, a, an);
+
+   if ((x.compare(fp_type(0.5)) >= 0) && (x.compare(fp_type(0.9)) < 0) && (an < max_an) && (an > min_an))
+   {
+      if (a.compare(fp_type(1e-5f)) <= 0)
+      {
+         // Series expansion for small a.
+         eval_log(t, x);
+         eval_multiply(t, a);
+         hyp0F0(result, t);
+         return;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         // Series expansion for moderately sized x. Note that for large power of a,
+         // the power of the integer part of a is calculated using the pown function.
+         if (an)
+         {
+            da.negate();
+            t = si_type(1);
+            eval_subtract(t, x);
+            hyp1F0(result, da, t);
+            detail::pow_imp(t, x, an, std::integral_constant<bool, true>());
+            eval_multiply(result, t);
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            da = a;
+            da.negate();
+            t = si_type(1);
+            eval_subtract(t, x);
+            hyp1F0(result, da, t);
+         }
+      }
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      // Series expansion for pow(x, a). Note that for large power of a, the power
+      // of the integer part of a is calculated using the pown function.
+      if (an)
+      {
+         eval_log(t, x);
+         eval_multiply(t, da);
+         eval_exp(result, t);
+         detail::pow_imp(t, x, an, std::integral_constant<bool, true>());
+         eval_multiply(result, t);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         eval_log(t, x);
+         eval_multiply(t, a);
+         eval_exp(result, t);
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+template <class T, class A>
+#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_MSVC, < 1800)
+inline typename std::enable_if<!boost::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<A>::value, void>::type
+#else
+inline typename std::enable_if<is_compatible_arithmetic_type<A, number<T> >::value && !boost::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<A>::value, void>::type
+#endif
+eval_pow(T& result, const T& x, const A& a)
+{
+   // Note this one is restricted to float arguments since pow.hpp already has a version for
+   // integer powers....
+   using canonical_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<A, T>::type         ;
+   using cast_type = typename std::conditional<std::is_same<A, canonical_type>::value, T, canonical_type>::type;
+   cast_type                                                                      c;
+   c = a;
+   eval_pow(result, x, c);
+}
+
+template <class T, class A>
+#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_MSVC, < 1800)
+inline void
+#else
+inline typename std::enable_if<is_compatible_arithmetic_type<A, number<T> >::value, void>::type
+#endif
+eval_pow(T& result, const A& x, const T& a)
+{
+   using canonical_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<A, T>::type         ;
+   using cast_type = typename std::conditional<std::is_same<A, canonical_type>::value, T, canonical_type>::type;
+   cast_type                                                                      c;
+   c = x;
+   eval_pow(result, c, a);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void eval_exp2(T& result, const T& arg)
+{
+   static_assert(number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point, "The log function is only valid for floating point types.");
+
+   // Check for pure-integer arguments which can be either signed or unsigned.
+   typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<typename T::exponent_type, T>::type i;
+   T                                                                                     temp;
+   BOOST_MP_TRY
+   {
+      eval_trunc(temp, arg);
+      eval_convert_to(&i, temp);
+      if (arg.compare(i) == 0)
+      {
+         temp = static_cast<typename std::tuple_element<0, typename T::unsigned_types>::type>(1u);
+         eval_ldexp(result, temp, i);
+         return;
+      }
+   }
+   #ifdef BOOST_MP_MATH_AVAILABLE
+   BOOST_MP_CATCH(const boost::math::rounding_error&)
+   { /* Fallthrough */
+   }
+   #endif
+   BOOST_MP_CATCH(const std::runtime_error&)
+   { /* Fallthrough */
+   }
+   BOOST_MP_CATCH_END
+
+   temp = static_cast<typename std::tuple_element<0, typename T::unsigned_types>::type>(2u);
+   eval_pow(result, temp, arg);
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <class T>
+void small_sinh_series(T x, T& result)
+{
+   using ui_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
+   bool                                                                         neg = eval_get_sign(x) < 0;
+   if (neg)
+      x.negate();
+   T p(x);
+   T mult(x);
+   eval_multiply(mult, x);
+   result    = x;
+   ui_type k = 1;
+
+   T lim(x);
+   eval_ldexp(lim, lim, 1 - boost::multiprecision::detail::digits2<number<T, et_on> >::value());
+
+   do
+   {
+      eval_multiply(p, mult);
+      eval_divide(p, ++k);
+      eval_divide(p, ++k);
+      eval_add(result, p);
+   } while (p.compare(lim) >= 0);
+   if (neg)
+      result.negate();
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void sinhcosh(const T& x, T* p_sinh, T* p_cosh)
+{
+   using ui_type = typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
+   using fp_type = typename std::tuple_element<0, typename T::float_types>::type                  ;
+
+   switch (eval_fpclassify(x))
+   {
+   case FP_NAN:
+      errno = EDOM;
+      // fallthrough...
+   case FP_INFINITE:
+      if (p_sinh)
+         *p_sinh = x;
+      if (p_cosh)
+      {
+         *p_cosh = x;
+         if (eval_get_sign(x) < 0)
+            p_cosh->negate();
+      }
+      return;
+   case FP_ZERO:
+      if (p_sinh)
+         *p_sinh = x;
+      if (p_cosh)
+         *p_cosh = ui_type(1);
+      return;
+   default:;
+   }
+
+   bool small_sinh = eval_get_sign(x) < 0 ? x.compare(fp_type(-0.5)) > 0 : x.compare(fp_type(0.5)) < 0;
+
+   if (p_cosh || !small_sinh)
+   {
+      T e_px, e_mx;
+      eval_exp(e_px, x);
+      eval_divide(e_mx, ui_type(1), e_px);
+      if (eval_signbit(e_mx) != eval_signbit(e_px))
+         e_mx.negate(); // Handles lack of signed zero in some types
+
+      if (p_sinh)
+      {
+         if (small_sinh)
+         {
+            small_sinh_series(x, *p_sinh);
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            eval_subtract(*p_sinh, e_px, e_mx);
+            eval_ldexp(*p_sinh, *p_sinh, -1);
+         }
+      }
+      if (p_cosh)
+      {
+         eval_add(*p_cosh, e_px, e_mx);
+         eval_ldexp(*p_cosh, *p_cosh, -1);
+      }
+   }
+   else
+   {
+      small_sinh_series(x, *p_sinh);
+   }
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <class T>
+inline void eval_sinh(T& result, const T& x)
+{
+   static_assert(number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point, "The sinh function is only valid for floating point types.");
+   detail::sinhcosh(x, &result, static_cast<T*>(0));
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void eval_cosh(T& result, const T& x)
+{
+   static_assert(number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point, "The cosh function is only valid for floating point types.");
+   detail::sinhcosh(x, static_cast<T*>(0), &result);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void eval_tanh(T& result, const T& x)
+{
+   static_assert(number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point, "The tanh function is only valid for floating point types.");
+   T c;
+   detail::sinhcosh(x, &result, &c);
+   if ((eval_fpclassify(result) == FP_INFINITE) && (eval_fpclassify(c) == FP_INFINITE))
+   {
+      bool s = eval_signbit(result) != eval_signbit(c);
+      result = static_cast<typename std::tuple_element<0, typename T::unsigned_types>::type>(1u);
+      if (s)
+         result.negate();
+      return;
+   }
+   eval_divide(result, c);
+}
+
+#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif