mplang-nightly 0.1.dev192__py3-none-any.whl → 0.1.dev268__py3-none-any.whl

mplang/v2/edsl/tracer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,614 @@
+# Copyright 2025 Ant Group Co., Ltd.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Tracer: Python Function → Graph IR.
+
+Responsible for converting Python functions to Graph IR, handling:
+- Function parameters
+- Free variables (external references including captures)
+- Polymorphic handling of TraceObject/InterpObject
+
+Tracer is a Context (inherits from Context abstract base class).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
+
+from jax.tree_util import PyTreeDef, tree_flatten, tree_map
+
+from mplang.v2.edsl.context import Context
+from mplang.v2.edsl.graph import Graph
+from mplang.v2.edsl.graph import Value as GraphValue
+from mplang.v2.edsl.object import Object
+from mplang.v2.edsl.typing import BaseType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from mplang.v2.edsl.primitive import Primitive
+
+
+class TraceObject(Object):
+    """Trace-time object (during JIT tracing).
+
+    Holds a Value in the Graph IR and a reference to the Tracer (Context).
+    All operations delegate to primitives which record into Graph.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> from mplang.v2.edsl import trace
+        >>> def compute(x, y):
+        ...     z = x + y  # TraceObject.__add__ → add_p.bind(x, y)
+        ...     return z
+        >>> graph = trace(compute, x_interp, y_interp)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, graph_value: GraphValue, tracer: Tracer):
+        self._graph_value = graph_value
+        self._context = tracer
+
+    @property
+    def type(self) -> BaseType:
+        return self._graph_value.type
+
+    @property
+    def _tracer(self) -> Tracer:
+        """Backward compatibility: access Tracer via _context."""
+        return self._context
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"TraceObject({self._graph_value.name}: {self.type})"
+
+
+class Tracer(Context):
+    """Converter from Python Function to Graph IR.
+
+    Inherits from Context and implements bind_primitive() by recording to Graph.
+
+    Responsibilities:
+    1. Convert Python functions to Graph IR
+    2. Manage free variables (function params and captured external references)
+    3. Handle Object Hierarchy (TraceObject/InterpObject)
+    4. Promote InterpObject → TraceObject
+    5. Implement Context.bind_primitive() by recording to Graph
+
+    Example:
+        >>> tracer = Tracer()
+        >>> graph = tracer.trace(lambda x, y: x + y, x_interp, y_interp)
+        >>> print(graph)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        """Reset graph state so a tracer instance can be reused."""
+        self.graph = Graph()
+        # Cache for captured variables (closures), keyed by id(obj)
+        # Does NOT include function parameters - those are created per-position
+        self._captured_vars: dict[int, tuple[Object, GraphValue]] = {}
+        self._arg_counter = 0
+
+    def bind_primitive(
+        self, primitive: Primitive, args: tuple[Any, ...], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> TraceObject | list[TraceObject] | Any:
+        """Execute primitive by recording to Graph IR (trace mode).
+
+        Handles two modes:
+        1. def_trace: Primitive has full control - builds graph via other primitives
+        2. def_abstract_eval: Tracer controls - infers types and builds operation
+
+        Args:
+            primitive: The primitive to trace
+            args: Positional arguments (can be Objects, opaques like callables, or constants)
+            kwargs: Keyword arguments (can be Objects, opaques, or constants)
+
+        Returns:
+            TraceObject, list[TraceObject], or PyTree containing TraceObjects
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: If primitive has neither trace nor abstract_eval defined
+        """
+        if primitive._trace is not None:
+            return primitive._trace(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        if primitive._abstract_eval is not None:
+            trace_args = list(args)
+            input_objects = [arg for arg in trace_args if isinstance(arg, TraceObject)]
+            input_types = [obj.type for obj in input_objects]
+
+            sig = inspect.signature(primitive._abstract_eval)
+            params = list(sig.parameters.values())
+            # Detect flat style: first param is list-annotated "in_types"
+            is_flat_style = len(params) >= 1 and params[0].name == "in_types"
+
+            if is_flat_style:
+                output_types = primitive._abstract_eval(input_types, **kwargs)
+            else:
+                output_types = primitive._abstract_eval(*input_types, **kwargs)
+
+            # Normalize to list: single type or sequence → list
+            if isinstance(output_types, BaseType):
+                output_types = [output_types]
+            else:
+                output_types = list(output_types)
+
+            input_values = [obj._graph_value for obj in input_objects]
+            result_values = self.graph.add_op(
+                opcode=primitive.name,
+                inputs=input_values,
+                output_types=output_types,
+                attrs=kwargs,
+            )
+            outs = [TraceObject(v, self) for v in result_values]
+            return outs[0] if len(outs) == 1 else outs
+
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"Primitive '{primitive.name}' has neither trace nor abstract_eval defined. "
+            f"Define one using @{primitive.name}_p.def_trace or @{primitive.name}_p.def_abstract_eval"
+        )
+
+    def lift(self, obj: Any, *, is_param: bool = False) -> Any:
+        """Lift an object to TraceObject.
+
+        Converts objects to TraceObject for use in tracing:
+        - Non-Object types: return as-is (int, float, np.ndarray, callables, etc.)
+        - TraceObject (same context): return as-is (idempotent)
+        - TraceObject (different context): create graph input
+        - InterpObject: promote to TraceObject
+
+        Args:
+            obj: Value to lift (Object or non-Object constant)
+            is_param: If True, create independent graph input (no caching).
+                      If False, cache by id() for captures (same object → same input).
+
+        Returns:
+            TraceObject for Objects, or original value for non-Objects
+
+        Note:
+            - Parameters (is_param=True): Each position gets independent input,
+              so `trace(fn, x, x)` creates two separate graph inputs.
+            - Captures (is_param=False): Cached by id(), so the same captured
+              object always maps to the same graph input.
+
+        Subclass extension:
+            Override _lift_type() to customize type transformation
+            (e.g., unwrap MPType → value_type, TensorType → element_type).
+        """
+        # Early return for non-Object types (constants, callables, etc.)
+        if not isinstance(obj, Object):
+            return obj
+
+        # Same-context TraceObject → return as-is (idempotent)
+        if isinstance(obj, TraceObject) and obj._context is self:
+            return obj
+
+        # Parameters: always create fresh input (no caching)
+        if is_param:
+            return self._new_arg(self._lift_type(obj))
+
+        # Captures: cache by id()
+        obj_id = id(obj)
+        if obj_id in self._captured_vars:
+            _, graph_value = self._captured_vars[obj_id]
+            return TraceObject(graph_value, self)
+
+        lifted = self._new_arg(self._lift_type(obj))
+        self._captured_vars[obj_id] = (obj, lifted._graph_value)
+        return lifted
+
+    def _lift_type(self, obj: Object) -> BaseType:
+        """Get the graph input type for an object.
+
+        Subclasses override this to customize type transformation:
+        - _LocalMPTracer: unwrap MPType → value_type
+        - _ElementwiseTracer: unwrap TensorType → element_type
+
+        The base class preserves the object's type unchanged.
+
+        Args:
+            obj: Object being lifted to a graph input
+
+        Returns:
+            The type to use for the graph input
+        """
+        return cast(BaseType, obj.type)
+
+    def _new_arg(self, arg_type: BaseType) -> TraceObject:
+        """Create a new graph input for the given type.
+
+        Internal method - prefer using lift() which handles caching logic.
+        Use this for function parameters where each position should be independent.
+
+        Args:
+            arg_type: The type of the argument
+
+        Returns:
+            TraceObject wrapping a new graph input Value
+        """
+        name = f"%arg{self._arg_counter}"
+        self._arg_counter += 1
+        graph_value = self.graph.add_input(
+            name=name,
+            type=arg_type,
+        )
+        return TraceObject(graph_value, self)
+
+    def finalize(self, result: Any) -> Graph:
+        """Finalize the graph by setting outputs.
+
+        This marks the traced result as the outputs of the graph,
+        completing the graph construction. After this, the graph
+        is ready for interpretation or transformation.
+
+        Args:
+            result: Traced result, PyTree containing TraceObjects
+
+        Returns:
+            The finalized graph (self.graph with outputs set)
+
+        Example:
+            >>> tracer = Tracer()
+            >>> push_context(tracer)
+            >>> result = do_something(x, y)
+            >>> pop_context()
+            >>> graph = tracer.finalize(result)
+        """
+        out_flat, _out_tree = tree_flatten(result)
+        for out in out_flat:
+            if not isinstance(out, TraceObject) or out._context is not self:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Graph output must be TraceObject from this Tracer context, got: {type(out)}"
+                )
+            self.graph.add_output(out._graph_value)
+
+        return self.graph  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def run(
+        self,
+        fn: Callable[..., Any],
+        *args: Any,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> TracedFunction:
+        """Trace `fn` using this tracer instance.
+
+        Parameter handling:
+            Each parameter position gets an independent graph input via new_arg(),
+            even if the same Python object is passed multiple times. This ensures
+            correct semantics: `trace(fn, x, x)` creates two separate inputs.
+
+        Capture handling:
+            Variables captured from closures are cached by id() via lift(),
+            so the same captured object always maps to the same graph input.
+        """
+        self.reset()
+        if not callable(fn):
+            raise TypeError(f"fn must be callable, got {type(fn)}")
+
+        fn_name = getattr(fn, "__name__", "anonymous")
+        in_flat, in_treedef = tree_flatten((args, kwargs))
+        in_imms, in_var_pos, in_vars = _separate_vars_and_imms(in_flat)
+
+        with self:
+            # Helper to lift params, allowing BaseType as placeholders
+            def lift_param(obj: Any) -> Any:
+                if isinstance(obj, Object):
+                    return self.lift(obj, is_param=True)
+                return obj
+
+            # Lift parameters with is_param=True (each position gets independent input)
+            args_traced, kwargs_traced = tree_map(lift_param, (args, kwargs))
+
+            result = fn(*args_traced, **kwargs_traced)
+            # Lift any Objects in result (captures use default is_param=False)
+            result = tree_map(self.lift, result)
+
+        output_flat, output_treedef = tree_flatten(result)
+        out_imms, out_var_pos, out_vars = _separate_vars_and_imms(output_flat)
+
+        if out_vars:
+            graph = self.finalize(out_vars)
+        else:
+            graph = self.graph
+            graph.outputs = []
+
+        # Captured objects are those in _captured_vars (excludes parameters)
+        captured_objects: list[Object] = [
+            obj for obj, _ in self._captured_vars.values()
+        ]
+
+        return TracedFunction(
+            name=fn_name,
+            graph=graph,
+            in_imms=in_imms,
+            in_var_pos=in_var_pos,
+            in_tree=in_treedef,
+            out_imms=out_imms,
+            out_var_pos=out_var_pos,
+            out_tree=output_treedef,
+            params=in_vars,  # Original parameter objects
+            captured=captured_objects,
+        )
+
+    def reconstruct_outputs(
+        self,
+        out_var_pos: list[int],
+        out_imms: list[Any],
+        out_tree: PyTreeDef,
+        result_values: list[GraphValue],
+    ) -> Any:
+        """Rebuild PyTree outputs from recorded metadata."""
+
+        var_iter = iter([TraceObject(val, self) for val in result_values])
+        var_pos_iter = iter(out_var_pos)
+        next_var_pos = next(var_pos_iter, None)
+        imm_idx = 0
+        total_len = len(out_imms) + len(out_var_pos)
+        flat_out: list[Any] = []
+        for idx in range(total_len):
+            if next_var_pos is not None and idx == next_var_pos:
+                flat_out.append(next(var_iter))
+                next_var_pos = next(var_pos_iter, None)
+            else:
+                flat_out.append(out_imms[imm_idx])
+                imm_idx += 1
+        return out_tree.unflatten(flat_out)
+
+
+def _separate_vars_and_imms(
+    flat_values: list[Any],
+) -> tuple[list[Any], list[int], list[Any]]:
+    """Separate a flattened list into variables (Objects) and immediates (constants).
+
+    Args:
+        flat_values: Flattened list of values (mix of Objects and constants)
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (imms, var_pos, vars) where:
+            - imms: List of immediate values (constants) in order
+            - var_pos: List of positions where variables appear in flat_values
+            - vars: List of variable values (Objects) in order
+    """
+    imms = []
+    var_pos = []
+    vars_list = []
+
+    for i, val in enumerate(flat_values):
+        if isinstance(val, Object):
+            var_pos.append(i)
+            vars_list.append(val)
+        else:
+            imms.append(val)
+
+    return imms, var_pos, vars_list
+
+
+@dataclass
+class TracedFunction:
+    """Result of tracing a Python function into Graph IR.
+
+    Represents a fully Pythonic function captured as a graph, distinguishing
+    between constants (immediates) and traced values (graph inputs/outputs).
+
+    Graph Inputs Order Convention:
+        graph.inputs = [*params_inputs, *captured_inputs]
+        - First len(params) inputs correspond to function parameters
+        - Remaining inputs correspond to captured variables (closures)
+
+    Attributes:
+        name: Function name (from fn.__name__)
+        graph: The finalized Graph IR containing traced computations
+        in_imms: Input immediates (constants) in flattened order
+        in_var_pos: Positions of graph.inputs in the flattened input list
+        in_tree: PyTreeDef to reconstruct (args, kwargs) from flattened inputs
+        out_imms: Output immediates (constants) in flattened order
+        out_var_pos: Positions of graph.outputs in the flattened output list
+        out_tree: PyTreeDef to reconstruct result from flattened outputs
+        params: Original parameter Objects (in order matching graph.inputs[:len(params)])
+        captured: Captured Objects from closures (in order matching graph.inputs[len(params):])
+
+    Reconstruction:
+        To reconstruct *args, **kwargs from graph.inputs:
+        1. Create flattened list: [in_imms[i] if i not in in_var_pos else graph.inputs[...]]
+        2. Use in_tree.unflatten() to get (args, kwargs)
+
+        To reconstruct result from graph.outputs:
+        1. Create flattened list: [out_imms[i] if i not in out_var_pos else graph.outputs[...]]
+        2. Use out_tree.unflatten() to get result
+
+    Example:
+        >>> def fn(x, y, *, scale=2.0):
+        ...     return x + y, scale
+        >>> traced = make_graph(fn, x_obj, y_obj, scale=2.0)
+        >>> # in_imms = [2.0], in_var_pos = [0, 1] (x, y are vars)
+        >>> # out_imms = [2.0], out_var_pos = [0] (x+y is var, scale is constant)
+        >>> # params = [x_obj, y_obj], captured = []
+    """
+
+    name: str
+    graph: Graph
+    in_imms: list[Any]
+    in_var_pos: list[int]
+    in_tree: PyTreeDef
+    out_imms: list[Any]
+    out_var_pos: list[int]
+    out_tree: PyTreeDef
+    params: list[Object]  # Original parameter objects
+    captured: list[Object]  # Captured objects from closures
+
+    def is_input_signature_match(self, other: TracedFunction) -> bool:
+        """Check if this TracedFunction has the same input signature as another.
+
+        Args:
+            other: Another TracedFunction to compare against
+
+        Returns:
+            True if input counts and types match, False otherwise
+        """
+        if len(self.graph.inputs) != len(other.graph.inputs):
+            return False
+        return all(
+            self_in.type == other_in.type
+            for self_in, other_in in zip(
+                self.graph.inputs, other.graph.inputs, strict=True
+            )
+        )
+
+    def is_output_signature_match(self, other: TracedFunction) -> bool:
+        """Check if this TracedFunction has the same output signature as another.
+
+        Args:
+            other: Another TracedFunction to compare against
+
+        Returns:
+            True if output counts and types match, False otherwise
+        """
+        if len(self.graph.outputs) != len(other.graph.outputs):
+            return False
+        return all(
+            self_out.type == other_out.type
+            for self_out, other_out in zip(
+                self.graph.outputs, other.graph.outputs, strict=True
+            )
+        )
+
+    def compiler_ir(self, verbose: bool = False) -> str:
+        """Get human-readable IR representation of the traced function.
+
+        This is useful for debugging, auditing, and understanding what
+        operations were captured during tracing.
+
+        Args:
+            verbose: If True, include type annotations in the output
+
+        Returns:
+            String representation of the Graph IR
+
+        Example:
+            >>> traced = compile(lambda x, y: x + y, x_obj, y_obj)
+            >>> print(traced.compiler_ir())
+            %arg0 = input
+            %arg1 = input
+            %0 = add(%arg0, %arg1)
+            return %0
+        """
+        return self.graph.to_string(verbose=verbose)
+
+    def align_region_inputs(
+        self, leading_count: int, capture_order: list[Object]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Align region graph inputs as [leading_values..., captures...] sequence.
+
+        Reorders the graph inputs to have a standardized structure:
+        - First `leading_count` inputs: explicit function parameters
+        - Remaining inputs: captured variables in the specified order
+
+        This is essential for multi-region primitives (e.g., uniform_cond, while_loop)
+        where different regions need to share the same capture ordering.
+
+        Args:
+            leading_count: Number of explicit function parameters (non-captured)
+            capture_order: Desired order of captured variables
+
+        Example:
+            >>> # Align two branches to have same capture order
+            >>> all_captures = merge_captures(then_fn.captured, else_fn.captured)
+            >>> then_fn.align_region_inputs(num_args, all_captures)
+            >>> else_fn.align_region_inputs(num_args, all_captures)
+        """
+        assert len(self.graph.inputs) >= leading_count
+
+        leading_inputs = self.graph.inputs[:leading_count]
+        capture_inputs = self.graph.inputs[leading_count:]
+        capture_map = (
+            dict(zip(self.captured, capture_inputs, strict=True))
+            if self.captured
+            else {}
+        )
+
+        new_capture_inputs = []
+        for capture_obj in capture_order:
+            value = capture_map.get(capture_obj)
+            if value is None:
+                value = self.graph.add_input(
+                    name=f"%capture{len(self.graph.inputs)}",
+                    type=capture_obj.type,
+                )
+            new_capture_inputs.append(value)
+
+        self.graph.inputs = leading_inputs + new_capture_inputs
+        self.captured = list(capture_order)
+
+    def prepare_inputs(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> list[Any]:
+        """Flatten arguments and map them to graph inputs.
+
+        Used by the runtime to prepare inputs for graph execution.
+
+        Args:
+            *args: Positional arguments for the function.
+            **kwargs: Keyword arguments for the function.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of values corresponding to graph.inputs (may include InterpObject).
+            The caller is responsible for unwrapping InterpObject at execution boundary.
+        """
+        flat_args, _ = tree_flatten((args, kwargs))
+
+        # Map to graph inputs
+        # fn.in_var_pos contains indices in flat_args that correspond to graph inputs
+        # Note: graph.inputs = [explicit_inputs...] + [captured_inputs...]
+        explicit_inputs = [flat_args[i] for i in self.in_var_pos]
+        all_inputs = explicit_inputs + list(self.captured)
+        return all_inputs
+
+    def reconstruct_outputs(self, execution_result: list[Any]) -> Any:
+        """Reconstruct structured output from execution result.
+
+        Used by the runtime to format the result of graph execution.
+
+        Args:
+            execution_result: List of results from interpreter.evaluate_graph().
+
+        Returns:
+            Structured output matching the original function's return signature.
+        """
+        # execution_result is always a list (now that evaluate_graph returns list)
+        results = execution_result
+
+        # Reconstruct
+        total_len = len(self.out_imms) + len(self.out_var_pos)
+        flat_out = [None] * total_len
+
+        var_indices = set(self.out_var_pos)
+        imm_iter = iter(self.out_imms)
+        res_iter = iter(results)
+
+        for i in range(total_len):
+            if i in var_indices:
+                flat_out[i] = next(res_iter)
+            else:
+                flat_out[i] = next(imm_iter)
+
+        return self.out_tree.unflatten(flat_out)
+
+
+def trace(
+    fn: Callable[..., Any],
+    *args: Any,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> TracedFunction:
+    """Trace a Python function with the default Tracer."""
+
+    return Tracer().run(fn, *args, **kwargs)