mobintel-probe-encryption 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

mobintel_probe_encryption/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""mobintel_probe_encryption: the receiving side of the MobIntel Guardian beacon protocol, and the one
+copy of its wire format (``mobintel_probe_encryption.protocol``, which the device runs too).
+
+    from mobintel_probe_encryption import KeyStore, ProbeDecoder
+
+    decoder = ProbeDecoder(KeyStore.from_file("enrolled.json"))
+    reading = decoder.decode_radiotap(frame)        # radiotap + 802.11 bytes, as captured
+    if reading is not None and reading.usable:
+        print(reading.device_id, reading.lat, reading.lon)
+
+Alerts back to a device: ``AlertSealer(keys).seal(device_id, danger_level, message)``.
+"""
+from .alerts import AlertSealer, advertising_data
+from .decoder import DUPLICATE, FRESH, REPLAY, STALE, ProbeDecoder, Reading
+from .frames import FrameError, ProbeRequest, parse_80211_frame, parse_radiotap_frame
+from .keys import KeyFileWarning, KeyStore
+from .protocol import ALERT_COMPANY_ID, ALERT_MSG_MAX
+
+__version__ = "0.1.0"
+
+__all__ = [
+    "KeyStore", "KeyFileWarning",
+    "ProbeDecoder", "Reading", "FRESH", "DUPLICATE", "REPLAY", "STALE",
+    "ProbeRequest", "FrameError", "parse_radiotap_frame", "parse_80211_frame",
+    "AlertSealer", "advertising_data", "ALERT_COMPANY_ID", "ALERT_MSG_MAX",
+]

mobintel_probe_encryption/alerts.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"""Seal Bluetooth alerts for enrolled devices (the sensor -> device direction).
+
+An alert travels as manufacturer-specific data in a Bluetooth LE legacy advertisement: company id
+ALERT_COMPANY_ID, then the sealed payload. Only the addressed device can open it, because it is
+sealed with that device's key. Sending the advertisement is the caller's job (BlueZ over D-Bus, raw
+HCI, ...).
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import struct
+
+from . import protocol
+from .keys import KeyStore
+
+__all__ = ["AlertSealer", "advertising_data"]
+
+_LEGACY_ADVERT_MAX = 31   # bytes of advertising data in a Bluetooth LE legacy advertisement
+
+
+class AlertSealer:
+    def __init__(self, keys: KeyStore):
+        self.keys = keys
+
+    def seal(self, device_id: int, danger_level: int, message: str = "") -> bytes:
+        """The alert's manufacturer-specific data (what follows the company id).
+
+        danger_level 1..10 (the device buzzes that many times); message up to ALERT_MSG_MAX ASCII
+        characters. Raises ValueError rather than cut or alter a message, KeyError for a device
+        that is not enrolled. Every call uses a fresh nonce, so a re-sent alert counts again.
+        """
+        try:
+            encoded = message.encode("ascii")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            raise ValueError("message must be ASCII") from None
+        if len(encoded) > protocol.ALERT_MSG_MAX:
+            raise ValueError(f"message is {len(encoded)} characters; at most "
+                             f"{protocol.ALERT_MSG_MAX} fit in an advertisement")
+        return protocol.seal_alert(self.keys.master_key(device_id), device_id, danger_level, message)
+
+
+def advertising_data(payload: bytes) -> bytes:
+    """A sealed payload as one advertising data structure (length, type 0xFF, company id, payload),
+    for senders that build the advertisement themselves. It already uses all 31 bytes with an
+    8-character message, so a Flags structure does not fit beside it (none is needed for a
+    non-connectable broadcast)."""
+    body = struct.pack("<H", protocol.ALERT_COMPANY_ID) + payload
+    data = bytes([len(body) + 1, 0xFF]) + body
+    if len(data) > _LEGACY_ADVERT_MAX:
+        raise ValueError(f"{len(data)} bytes of advertising data; a legacy advertisement "
+                         f"holds {_LEGACY_ADVERT_MAX}")
+    return data

mobintel_probe_encryption/decoder.py

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+"""Recognise Guardian probe requests, decrypt them, and judge whether each one is current."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import threading
+import time
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple
+
+from . import protocol
+from .frames import FrameError, ProbeRequest, parse_80211_frame, parse_radiotap_frame
+from .keys import KeyStore
+
+__all__ = ["ProbeDecoder", "Reading", "FRESH", "DUPLICATE", "REPLAY", "STALE"]
+
+FRESH = "fresh"          # a new message from the device, inside the time window
+DUPLICATE = "duplicate"  # another copy of a message received moments ago (e.g. by a second receiver)
+REPLAY = "replay"        # a message received before, sent again later; or older than one already taken
+STALE = "stale"          # the message's time is too far from the receiver's clock
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Reading:
+    """One decoded Guardian probe."""
+
+    device_id: int
+    lat: float
+    lon: float
+    timestamp: int          # the device's clock when it sent the probe, unix seconds
+    age_s: float            # receiver time minus timestamp (negative: the device's clock is ahead)
+    status: str             # FRESH, DUPLICATE, REPLAY or STALE
+    source_mac: str         # different in every probe; device_id is the stable identity
+    rssi_dbm: Optional[int] = None
+    nonce: bytes = dataclasses.field(default=b"", repr=False)   # the same in every copy of one probe
+
+    @property
+    def usable(self) -> bool:
+        """A genuine, current position: FRESH, or a DUPLICATE copy of one."""
+        return self.status in (FRESH, DUPLICATE)
+
+
+class ProbeDecoder:
+    """Turns captured frames into Readings for the devices in a KeyStore.
+
+    Safe to share between threads. To tell new messages from copies and replays it remembers, per
+    device, the newest timestamp it accepted and the nonces it saw inside the time window.
+    ``now`` (receiver time, unix seconds) defaults to the clock; pass the capture time when decoding
+    a recording.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, keys: KeyStore, *, window_s: float = 120, duplicate_window_s: float = 2.0):
+        self.keys = keys
+        self.window_s = window_s
+        self.duplicate_window_s = duplicate_window_s
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+        self._newest: Dict[int, int] = {}   # device -> newest timestamp taken
+        self._seen: Dict[int, Dict[bytes, Tuple[float, int]]] = {}   # device -> nonce -> (seen, ts)
+        self._stats = dict.fromkeys(
+            ("frames", "malformed", "probe_requests", "candidates", "recognised"), 0)
+
+    @property
+    def stats(self) -> Dict[str, int]:
+        """Counts so far: frames given, malformed frames, probe requests among them, vendor
+        elements of a Guardian probe's length ("candidates"), and probes recognised. Candidates well
+        above recognised with a Guardian device nearby suggests its key is missing from the key file."""
+        with self._lock:
+            return dict(self._stats)
+
+    def decode_radiotap(self, frame: bytes, *, now: Optional[float] = None) -> Optional[Reading]:
+        """A radiotap header + 802.11 frame (+ FCS), as captured on a monitor interface. None unless
+        it is a probe request from an enrolled device."""
+        self._count("frames")
+        try:
+            probe = parse_radiotap_frame(frame)
+        except FrameError:
+            self._count("malformed")
+            return None
+        return self._decode_probe(probe, now, probe.rssi_dbm if probe else None)
+
+    def decode_80211(self, frame: bytes, *, has_fcs: bool = False, now: Optional[float] = None,
+                     rssi_dbm: Optional[int] = None) -> Optional[Reading]:
+        """An 802.11 frame without radiotap (``has_fcs``: it ends with its 4-byte FCS)."""
+        self._count("frames")
+        try:
+            probe = parse_80211_frame(frame, has_fcs=has_fcs)
+        except FrameError:
+            self._count("malformed")
+            return None
+        return self._decode_probe(probe, now, rssi_dbm)
+
+    def decode(self, source_mac: str, vendor_element: bytes, *, now: Optional[float] = None,
+               rssi_dbm: Optional[int] = None) -> Optional[Reading]:
+        """The parts already taken out of a probe request: its source address ("aa:bb:..") and the
+        data of one vendor-specific element (ID 221)."""
+        now = time.time() if now is None else now
+        info = protocol.recognize_and_decrypt(source_mac, vendor_element, self.keys._enrolled, now,
+                                              window=self.window_s)
+        if info is None or info["device_id"] != info["enrolled_id"]:
+            return None   # not ours, forged, or decrypted under another device's key
+        nonce = bytes(vendor_element[protocol.OUI_LEN:protocol.OUI_LEN + protocol.NONCE_LEN])
+        status = self._judge(info["device_id"], info["timestamp"], nonce, now) if info["fresh"] \
+            else STALE
+        self._count("recognised")
+        return Reading(device_id=info["device_id"], lat=info["lat"], lon=info["lon"],
+                       timestamp=info["timestamp"], age_s=info["age_s"], status=status,
+                       source_mac=source_mac.lower(), rssi_dbm=rssi_dbm, nonce=nonce)
+
+    def _decode_probe(self, probe: Optional[ProbeRequest], now: Optional[float],
+                      rssi_dbm: Optional[int]) -> Optional[Reading]:
+        if probe is None:
+            return None
+        self._count("probe_requests")
+        for element in probe.vendor_elements:
+            if len(element) != protocol.MIN_IE_LEN:
+                continue
+            self._count("candidates")
+            reading = self.decode(probe.source_mac, element, now=now, rssi_dbm=rssi_dbm)
+            if reading is not None:
+                return reading
+        return None
+
+    def _judge(self, device_id: int, timestamp: int, nonce: bytes, now: float) -> str:
+        with self._lock:
+            seen = self._seen.setdefault(device_id, {})
+            # a message whose time has left the window can only come back STALE: forget its nonce
+            for old in [n for n, (_, ts) in seen.items() if ts < now - self.window_s]:
+                del seen[old]
+            if nonce in seen:
+                first_seen = seen[nonce][0]
+                return DUPLICATE if now - first_seen <= self.duplicate_window_s else REPLAY
+            newest = self._newest.get(device_id)
+            if newest is not None and timestamp < newest:
+                return REPLAY
+            seen[nonce] = (now, timestamp)
+            self._newest[device_id] = timestamp if newest is None else max(newest, timestamp)
+            return FRESH
+
+    def _count(self, name: str) -> None:
+        with self._lock:
+            self._stats[name] += 1

mobintel_probe_encryption/frames.py

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+"""Find what the decoder needs in a captured Wi-Fi frame.
+
+A monitor-mode capture is a radiotap header followed by the 802.11 frame, sometimes with its 4-byte
+frame check sequence (FCS) at the end. For a probe request the
+decoder needs the source address (802.11 address 2) and the data of every vendor-specific element
+(ID 221); the radiotap header adds the signal strength and says whether the FCS is attached or failed.
+
+Only radiotap fields 0-5 are read (TSFT, flags, rate, channel, FHSS, antenna signal). They come first
+in every header, so everything after them is skipped by the header's length. Radiotap rules
+(https://www.radiotap.org): little-endian; fields in bit order, each aligned to its natural size
+counted from the start of the header; bit 31 of a presence word means another word follows.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import struct
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+__all__ = ["FrameError", "ProbeRequest", "parse_radiotap_frame", "parse_80211_frame"]
+
+VENDOR_SPECIFIC = 221
+_PROBE_REQUEST = 0x40   # frame control byte 0: protocol version 0, type management, subtype 4
+_ORDER = 0x80           # frame control byte 1: in a management frame, HT Control (4 bytes) follows
+_FLAG_FCS = 0x10        # radiotap flags: the frame ends with its FCS
+_FLAG_BAD_FCS = 0x40    # radiotap flags: the FCS check failed
+# (alignment, size) of radiotap fields 0-5: TSFT, flags, rate, channel, FHSS, dBm antenna signal
+_FIELDS = ((8, 8), (1, 1), (1, 1), (2, 4), (1, 2), (1, 1))
+
+
+class FrameError(ValueError):
+    """The bytes are not a well-formed radiotap header or 802.11 frame."""
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ProbeRequest:
+    source_mac: str                      # 802.11 address 2, "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff"
+    vendor_elements: Tuple[bytes, ...]   # data of every element 221, in frame order
+    sequence: int                        # 802.11 sequence number, 0..4095
+    rssi_dbm: Optional[int] = None       # radiotap antenna signal, when the header has one
+
+
+def parse_radiotap_frame(frame: bytes) -> Optional[ProbeRequest]:
+    """Radiotap header + 802.11 frame (+ FCS) -> ProbeRequest.
+
+    None for any other kind of frame and for frames whose FCS check failed; FrameError if the
+    bytes are malformed.
+    """
+    length, flags, rssi = _radiotap(frame)
+    if flags & _FLAG_BAD_FCS:
+        return None
+    probe = parse_80211_frame(frame[length:], has_fcs=bool(flags & _FLAG_FCS))
+    if probe is None or rssi is None:
+        return probe
+    return dataclasses.replace(probe, rssi_dbm=rssi)
+
+
+def parse_80211_frame(frame: bytes, *, has_fcs: bool = False) -> Optional[ProbeRequest]:
+    """802.11 frame without radiotap -> ProbeRequest; None for any other kind of frame.
+
+    ``has_fcs``: the last 4 bytes are the FCS. FrameError if the frame is cut short.
+    """
+    end = len(frame) - 4 if has_fcs else len(frame)
+    if end < 2:
+        raise FrameError("802.11 frame shorter than its frame control field")
+    if frame[0] != _PROBE_REQUEST:
+        return None
+    header = 28 if frame[1] & _ORDER else 24
+    if end < header:
+        raise FrameError(f"probe request of {end} bytes is shorter than its {header}-byte header")
+    (sequence_control,) = struct.unpack_from("<H", frame, 22)
+    elements: List[bytes] = []
+    i = header
+    while i + 2 <= end:
+        element_id, length = frame[i], frame[i + 1]
+        if i + 2 + length > end:
+            break   # a truncated last element: keep the ones before it
+        if element_id == VENDOR_SPECIFIC:
+            elements.append(bytes(frame[i + 2:i + 2 + length]))
+        i += 2 + length
+    source = ":".join(f"{b:02x}" for b in frame[10:16])
+    return ProbeRequest(source, tuple(elements), sequence_control >> 4)
+
+
+def _radiotap(frame: bytes) -> Tuple[int, int, Optional[int]]:
+    """-> (header length, flags, dBm antenna signal or None)."""
+    if len(frame) < 8:
+        raise FrameError("shorter than a radiotap header")
+    version, _pad, length, present = struct.unpack_from("<BBHI", frame, 0)
+    if version != 0:
+        raise FrameError(f"radiotap version {version}, expected 0")
+    if not 8 <= length <= len(frame):
+        raise FrameError(f"radiotap length {length} does not fit the {len(frame)}-byte frame")
+    offset, word = 8, present
+    while word & (1 << 31):   # another presence word follows; the fields start after the last one
+        if offset + 4 > length:
+            raise FrameError("radiotap presence words run past the header")
+        (word,) = struct.unpack_from("<I", frame, offset)
+        offset += 4
+    flags, rssi = 0, None
+    for bit, (align, size) in enumerate(_FIELDS):
+        if not present & (1 << bit):
+            continue
+        offset += -offset % align
+        if offset + size > length:
+            raise FrameError("radiotap fields run past the header")
+        if bit == 1:
+            flags = frame[offset]
+        elif bit == 5:
+            (rssi,) = struct.unpack_from("<b", frame, offset)
+        offset += size
+    return length, flags, rssi

mobintel_probe_encryption/keys.py

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+"""The receiver's key file: one 256-bit master key per enrolled device.
+
+The file is JSON, {"<device_id>": "<64 hex characters>", ...}, as written when devices are
+provisioned. Whoever holds it can read every listed device's position, forge its probes and send it
+alerts, so keep it out of version control and readable by its owner only.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import stat
+import warnings
+from typing import Dict, Mapping, Tuple, Union
+
+from . import protocol
+
+__all__ = ["KeyStore", "KeyFileWarning"]
+
+_MAX_DEVICE_ID = 0xFFFFFFFF   # device_id is a uint32 on the wire
+
+
+class KeyFileWarning(UserWarning):
+    """The key file can be read by other users of this computer."""
+
+
+class KeyStore:
+    """Master keys of the enrolled devices, with the recognition sub-keys derived once.
+
+    ``keys`` maps device id (int, or its decimal string as in the JSON file) to the master key
+    (32 bytes, or 64 hex characters). Error messages name the device, never the key.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, keys: Mapping[Union[int, str], Union[bytes, str]]):
+        clean: Dict[int, bytes] = {}
+        owner: Dict[bytes, int] = {}
+        for raw_id, raw_key in keys.items():
+            device_id = _device_id(raw_id)
+            if device_id in clean:
+                raise ValueError(f"device {device_id} is listed twice")
+            key = _master_key(device_id, raw_key)
+            if key in owner:   # a probe would then decode as whichever device comes first
+                raise ValueError(f"devices {owner[key]} and {device_id} have the same key")
+            clean[device_id], owner[key] = key, device_id
+        self._keys = clean
+        self._enrolled = protocol.prepare_enrolled(sorted(clean.items()))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_file(cls, path: Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]) -> "KeyStore":
+        """Load a key file (JSON, see above). Warns if other users can read it."""
+        path = os.fspath(path)
+        if os.stat(path).st_mode & (stat.S_IRWXG | stat.S_IRWXO):
+            warnings.warn(f"{path} can be read by other users; chmod 600 it",
+                          KeyFileWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            data = json.load(f)
+        if not isinstance(data, dict):
+            raise ValueError(f"{path}: expected a JSON object of device id -> key")
+        return cls(data)
+
+    @property
+    def device_ids(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+        return tuple(sorted(self._keys))
+
+    def master_key(self, device_id: int) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self._keys[device_id]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise KeyError(f"device {device_id} is not enrolled") from None
+
+    def __contains__(self, device_id: object) -> bool:
+        return device_id in self._keys
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._keys)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"KeyStore({len(self._keys)} devices)"
+
+
+def _device_id(raw: Union[int, str]) -> int:
+    if isinstance(raw, bool) or not isinstance(raw, (int, str)):
+        raise ValueError(f"device id {raw!r} is not a number")
+    if isinstance(raw, str) and not raw.strip().isdigit():
+        raise ValueError(f"device id {raw!r} is not a number")
+    device_id = int(raw)
+    if not 0 <= device_id <= _MAX_DEVICE_ID:
+        raise ValueError(f"device id {device_id} is outside 0..{_MAX_DEVICE_ID}")
+    return device_id
+
+
+def _master_key(device_id: int, raw: Union[bytes, str]) -> bytes:
+    if isinstance(raw, str):
+        if len(raw) != 2 * protocol.MASTER_KEY_LEN:
+            raise ValueError(f"device {device_id}: key must be {2 * protocol.MASTER_KEY_LEN} "
+                             "hex characters")
+        try:
+            return bytes.fromhex(raw)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ValueError(f"device {device_id}: key is not hexadecimal") from None
+    if isinstance(raw, (bytes, bytearray)) and len(raw) == protocol.MASTER_KEY_LEN:
+        return bytes(raw)
+    raise ValueError(f"device {device_id}: key must be {protocol.MASTER_KEY_LEN} bytes")

mobintel_probe_encryption/protocol.py

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+"""Guardian wire format + crypto (v1): the one copy, used by the Guardian device and by every sensor.
+
+Guardian devices import this module too; sensors use the rest of this package, which builds on it.
+Changing anything here changes what devices send once they update: tests/vectors.json pins the bytes
+the deployed devices produce.
+
+Wire format:
+
+  Plaintext (17 B, big-endian):
+    version(1) | device_id(uint32) | lat(int32 microdeg) | lon(int32 microdeg) | ts(uint32 unix s)
+
+  Vendor-specific IE 221 data (48 B):
+    oui(3, random per probe) | nonce(12) | ChaCha20Poly1305_seal(k_aead, nonce, plaintext, aad)
+
+  Source MAC (802.11 addr2):
+    HMAC-SHA256(k_mac, nonce)[:6] with the locally-administered + unicast bits set.
+
+Each device has a 256-bit master key -> HKDF-SHA256 -> (k_aead, k_mac) (key separation).
+Recognition: the sensor recomputes the MAC per enrolled key from the probe's nonce; on a
+match it AEAD-decrypts. Nothing is constant across probes, so an outsider cannot link two
+probes to the same device.
+"""
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+import os
+import struct
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead import ChaCha20Poly1305
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.hkdf import HKDF
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.poly1305 import Poly1305
+
+__all__ = [
+    "VERSION", "MASTER_KEY_LEN", "NONCE_LEN", "OUI_LEN", "TAG_LEN", "PLAINTEXT_LEN", "MIN_IE_LEN",
+    "derive_subkeys", "pack_plaintext", "unpack_plaintext", "mac_from_nonce", "seal_probe",
+    "prepare_enrolled", "recognize_and_decrypt",
+    "ALERT_COMPANY_ID", "ALERT_NONCE_TX_LEN", "ALERT_TAG_LEN", "ALERT_MSG_MAX", "ALERT_MIN_PAYLOAD",
+    "derive_alert_key", "pack_alert", "seal_alert", "open_alert",
+]
+
+VERSION = 1
+MASTER_KEY_LEN = 32
+NONCE_LEN = 12
+OUI_LEN = 3
+TAG_LEN = 16
+
+_PLAINTEXT = struct.Struct(">B I i i I")  # version, device_id, lat_udeg, lon_udeg, ts
+PLAINTEXT_LEN = _PLAINTEXT.size                              # 17
+MIN_IE_LEN = OUI_LEN + NONCE_LEN + PLAINTEXT_LEN + TAG_LEN   # 48
+
+_AAD = b"guardian-probe-v1"        # domain separation (authenticated, not transmitted)
+_HKDF_AEAD_INFO = b"guardian-aead-v1"
+_HKDF_MAC_INFO = b"guardian-mac-v1"
+
+
+# ---- keys -----------------------------------------------------------------
+def derive_subkeys(master_key):
+    """Derive (k_aead, k_mac) from a 32-byte master key via HKDF-SHA256."""
+    if len(master_key) != MASTER_KEY_LEN:
+        raise ValueError(f"master key must be {MASTER_KEY_LEN} bytes, got {len(master_key)}")
+    k_aead = HKDF(algorithm=hashes.SHA256(), length=32, salt=None,
+                  info=_HKDF_AEAD_INFO).derive(master_key)
+    k_mac = HKDF(algorithm=hashes.SHA256(), length=32, salt=None,
+                 info=_HKDF_MAC_INFO).derive(master_key)
+    return k_aead, k_mac
+
+
+# ---- plaintext ------------------------------------------------------------
+def pack_plaintext(device_id, lat, lon, timestamp):
+    return _PLAINTEXT.pack(
+        VERSION,
+        device_id & 0xFFFFFFFF,
+        int(round(lat * 1e6)),
+        int(round(lon * 1e6)),
+        int(timestamp) & 0xFFFFFFFF,
+    )
+
+
+def unpack_plaintext(data):
+    version, device_id, lat_u, lon_u, ts = _PLAINTEXT.unpack(data)
+    return {"version": version, "device_id": device_id,
+            "lat": lat_u / 1e6, "lon": lon_u / 1e6, "timestamp": ts}
+
+
+# ---- MAC tag --------------------------------------------------------------
+def mac_from_nonce(k_mac, nonce):
+    """Source MAC = HMAC-SHA256(k_mac, nonce)[:6], locally-administered + unicast."""
+    digest = hmac.new(k_mac, nonce, hashlib.sha256).digest()
+    first = (digest[0] & 0xFE) | 0x02       # clear I/G (unicast), set U/L (locally administered)
+    return ":".join("%02x" % b for b in bytes([first]) + digest[1:6])
+
+
+# ---- seal (device TX) -----------------------------------------------------
+def seal_probe(k_aead, k_mac, device_id, lat, lon, timestamp):
+    """Return (src_mac_str, ie221_data_bytes) for one probe."""
+    plaintext = pack_plaintext(device_id, lat, lon, timestamp)
+    nonce = os.urandom(NONCE_LEN)
+    ct = ChaCha20Poly1305(k_aead).encrypt(nonce, plaintext, _AAD)
+    ie_data = os.urandom(OUI_LEN) + nonce + ct     # random OUI => no constant
+    return mac_from_nonce(k_mac, nonce), ie_data
+
+
+# ---- recognize + decrypt (sensor RX) --------------------------------------
+def prepare_enrolled(devices):
+    """devices: iterable of (device_id, master_key_bytes). Returns precomputed subkey list."""
+    out = []
+    for device_id, master_key in devices:
+        k_aead, k_mac = derive_subkeys(master_key)
+        out.append({"device_id": device_id, "k_aead": k_aead, "k_mac": k_mac})
+    return out
+
+
+def recognize_and_decrypt(observed_mac, ie_data, enrolled, now, window=120):
+    """Recognize + decrypt one probe's vendor-IE data.
+
+    enrolled: output of prepare_enrolled(). Returns a decoded dict (device_id, lat, lon,
+    timestamp, enrolled_id, age_s, fresh) on success, or None if not ours / forged / malformed.
+    """
+    if len(ie_data) < MIN_IE_LEN:
+        return None
+    nonce = ie_data[OUI_LEN:OUI_LEN + NONCE_LEN]
+    ct = ie_data[OUI_LEN + NONCE_LEN:]
+    obs = observed_mac.lower()
+    for dev in enrolled:
+        if not hmac.compare_digest(mac_from_nonce(dev["k_mac"], nonce), obs):
+            continue
+        try:
+            plaintext = ChaCha20Poly1305(dev["k_aead"]).decrypt(nonce, ct, _AAD)
+        except Exception:
+            return None  # MAC matched but AEAD failed -> tampered/forged
+        info = unpack_plaintext(plaintext)
+        info["enrolled_id"] = dev["device_id"]
+        info["age_s"] = now - info["timestamp"]
+        info["fresh"] = abs(info["age_s"]) <= window
+        return info
+    return None
+
+
+# ===========================================================================
+# BLE alert downlink (v1) -- sensor/host -> device, encrypted + targeted.
+#
+# Same primitives and the SAME per-device master key as the probe uplink, but a
+# domain-separated subkey so no (key, nonce) pair is ever shared across directions.
+# BLE legacy advertising caps the whole frame at 31 bytes, so the AEAD is compacted:
+# a 6-byte transmitted nonce (zero-padded to 12) and an 8-byte truncated Poly1305 tag.
+#
+#   Manufacturer-specific AD (company 0xFFFF), data after the company id:
+#     nonce(6) | ciphertext(P) | tag8(8)            (<= 27 B; whole advert = 31 B)
+#   Plaintext (P = 5..13 B, big-endian):
+#     device_id(uint32) | danger_level(uint8) | message(0..8 ASCII)
+#
+# Targeting *is* the encryption: the host seals with the target device's key, so only
+# that device can open it; device_id in the plaintext is an authenticated cross-check.
+# RFC 8439 ChaCha20-Poly1305 (validated == library output for the full 16-byte tag,
+# then truncated to 8 bytes to fit the advert).
+# ===========================================================================
+ALERT_COMPANY_ID = 0xFFFF          # Bluetooth SIG "test" company id; our recognizer pre-filter
+ALERT_NONCE_TX_LEN = 6             # nonce bytes on air (zero-padded to NONCE_LEN for the cipher)
+ALERT_TAG_LEN = 8                  # truncated Poly1305 tag
+ALERT_MSG_MAX = 8                  # max message bytes that still fit the 31-byte legacy advert
+_ALERT_HEADER = struct.Struct(">I B")                                  # device_id, danger_level
+ALERT_MIN_PAYLOAD = ALERT_NONCE_TX_LEN + _ALERT_HEADER.size + ALERT_TAG_LEN   # 19
+_ALERT_AAD = b"guardian-alert-v1"
+_HKDF_ALERT_INFO = b"guardian-alert-v1"
+
+
+def derive_alert_key(master_key):
+    """Downlink AEAD key: HKDF-SHA256(master, info='guardian-alert-v1'). Same master key as the
+    uplink, separate subkey -> the uplink k_aead and this key never share a (key, nonce) pair."""
+    if len(master_key) != MASTER_KEY_LEN:
+        raise ValueError(f"master key must be {MASTER_KEY_LEN} bytes, got {len(master_key)}")
+    return HKDF(algorithm=hashes.SHA256(), length=32, salt=None,
+                info=_HKDF_ALERT_INFO).derive(master_key)
+
+
+def _chacha20(key, counter, nonce12, data):
+    """Raw ChaCha20 (RFC 8439). cryptography's 16-byte nonce = counter(4, LE) || nonce(12)."""
+    enc = Cipher(algorithms.ChaCha20(key, struct.pack("<I", counter) + nonce12),
+                 mode=None).encryptor()
+    return enc.update(data) + enc.finalize()
+
+
+def _pad16(x):
+    return b"\x00" * ((16 - (len(x) % 16)) % 16)
+
+
+def _poly1305_tag(key, nonce12, aad, ct):
+    """Full 16-byte RFC 8439 ChaCha20-Poly1305 tag over (aad, ct)."""
+    poly_key = _chacha20(key, 0, nonce12, b"\x00" * 32)[:32]
+    mac_data = (aad + _pad16(aad) + ct + _pad16(ct)
+                + struct.pack("<Q", len(aad)) + struct.pack("<Q", len(ct)))
+    p = Poly1305(poly_key)
+    p.update(mac_data)
+    return p.finalize()
+
+
+def pack_alert(device_id, danger_level, message):
+    """Pack the alert plaintext. message is truncated to ALERT_MSG_MAX bytes (see fits_alert)."""
+    if not 1 <= int(danger_level) <= 10:
+        raise ValueError("danger_level must be 1..10")
+    msg = message.encode("ascii", "replace")[:ALERT_MSG_MAX]
+    return _ALERT_HEADER.pack(device_id & 0xFFFFFFFF, int(danger_level)) + msg
+
+
+def seal_alert(master_key, device_id, danger_level, message):
+    """Seal one alert -> the manufacturer-data payload (after the company id): nonce(6)|ct|tag(8).
+    The caller advertises it as Manufacturer-Specific Data with company id ALERT_COMPANY_ID."""
+    k = derive_alert_key(master_key)
+    plaintext = pack_alert(device_id, danger_level, message)
+    nonce_tx = os.urandom(ALERT_NONCE_TX_LEN)
+    nonce12 = nonce_tx + b"\x00" * (NONCE_LEN - ALERT_NONCE_TX_LEN)
+    ct = _chacha20(k, 1, nonce12, plaintext)
+    tag = _poly1305_tag(k, nonce12, _ALERT_AAD, ct)[:ALERT_TAG_LEN]
+    return nonce_tx + ct + tag
+
+
+def open_alert(master_key, payload, expect_id=None):
+    """Inverse of seal_alert. payload is the manufacturer data after the company id.
+    Returns {device_id, danger_level, message, nonce} or None if not ours / forged / malformed."""
+    if len(payload) < ALERT_MIN_PAYLOAD:
+        return None
+    k = derive_alert_key(master_key)
+    nonce_tx = payload[:ALERT_NONCE_TX_LEN]
+    tag = payload[-ALERT_TAG_LEN:]
+    ct = payload[ALERT_NONCE_TX_LEN:-ALERT_TAG_LEN]
+    nonce12 = nonce_tx + b"\x00" * (NONCE_LEN - ALERT_NONCE_TX_LEN)
+    if not hmac.compare_digest(_poly1305_tag(k, nonce12, _ALERT_AAD, ct)[:ALERT_TAG_LEN], tag):
+        return None  # not ours, or forged/tampered
+    plaintext = _chacha20(k, 1, nonce12, ct)
+    device_id, danger_level = _ALERT_HEADER.unpack(plaintext[:_ALERT_HEADER.size])
+    if expect_id is not None and device_id != expect_id:
+        return None
+    return {"device_id": device_id, "danger_level": danger_level,
+            "message": plaintext[_ALERT_HEADER.size:].decode("ascii", "replace"),
+            "nonce": nonce_tx.hex()}

mobintel_probe_encryption-0.1.0.dist-info/METADATA

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: mobintel-probe-encryption
+Version: 0.1.0
+Summary: Encrypted, unlinkable Wi-Fi probe-request beacons for MobIntel Guardian: decode them on a sensor, seal Bluetooth alerts back
+Author-email: Stepan Mazokha <smazokha2016@fau.edu>
+License-Expression: Apache-2.0
+Keywords: mobintel,probe,encryption
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Topic :: Security :: Cryptography
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Networking
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-File: LICENSE
+Requires-Dist: cryptography>=3.3
+Provides-Extra: test
+Requires-Dist: pytest>=6; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: scapy; extra == "test"
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+# mobintel-probe-encryption
+
+Encrypted, unlinkable Wi-Fi beacons for the MobIntel Guardian pedestrian device, and the code a
+roadside sensor needs to read them.
+
+Once a second, a Guardian device broadcasts a Wi-Fi probe request carrying its id, its GPS position
+and the time, encrypted with a key that only the device and the enrolled sensors hold. Its source
+address and every other field change with each probe, so an outsider cannot tell that two probes
+came from the same device. This package is the one implementation of that format: the device runs
+`protocol.py` itself, and sensors use the rest of the package to
+
+- **read probes:** pick a Guardian device's probes out of everything a receiver captures, decrypt
+  them, and judge whether each one is current;
+- **send alerts:** seal a Bluetooth LE alert so that only the addressed device can open it.
+
+It does not capture frames or transmit advertisements (bring your own monitor interface and Bluetooth
+stack), and it does not make keys.
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+pip install mobintel-probe-encryption
+```
+
+Python 3.9 or newer. The only dependency is `cryptography` (3.3 or newer).
+
+## Keys
+
+The decoder needs the enrolled devices' keys in a JSON file, `{"<device id>": "<64 hex characters>",
+...}`. Each is the same key the device holds (there is no public/private pair), so anyone with the
+file can read every listed device's position, pretend to be one of them, and send them alerts. Keep
+it out of version control and readable by its owner only; the library warns when other users can
+read it.
+
+## Reading probes
+
+```python
+from mobintel_probe_encryption import KeyStore, ProbeDecoder
+
+decoder = ProbeDecoder(KeyStore.from_file("/path/to/enrolled.json"))
+
+reading = decoder.decode_radiotap(frame)   # bytes: radiotap header + 802.11 frame (+ FCS)
+if reading is not None and reading.usable:
+    print(reading.device_id, reading.lat, reading.lon, reading.rssi_dbm)
+```
+
+`decode_radiotap` takes the bytes exactly as a monitor-mode capture delivers them: the radiotap
+header (signal strength, channel, and whether the frame's checksum is attached) followed by the
+802.11 frame. When decoding a recording, pass the capture time as `now` (unix seconds). Other
+inputs: `decode_80211(frame, has_fcs=...)` for a frame without radiotap, and
+`decode(source_mac, vendor_element)` when the frame is already taken apart. Each returns `None`
+unless the frame is a probe request from an enrolled device.
+
+A `Reading` has `device_id`, `lat`, `lon`, `timestamp` (the device's clock), `age_s` (receiver time
+minus that), `rssi_dbm`, `source_mac`, and `status`:
+
+| status | meaning | `usable` |
+|---|---|---|
+| `fresh` | a new message from the device | yes |
+| `duplicate` | another copy of a message received within the last 2 s, e.g. by a second receiver | yes |
+| `replay` | a message received before and sent again later, or older than one already accepted | no |
+| `stale` | its time is more than 120 s from the receiver's clock (a wrong clock, or an old recording) | no |
+
+The source address changes with every probe, so `device_id` is the only stable identity. A decoder
+is safe to share between threads. `decoder.stats` counts frames, probe requests, elements of a
+Guardian probe's length ("candidates") and recognised probes; candidates without recognised probes
+while a device is nearby mean its key is missing from the file.
+
+## Sending alerts
+
+```python
+from mobintel_probe_encryption import ALERT_COMPANY_ID, AlertSealer, advertising_data
+
+payload = AlertSealer(keys).seal(device_id=10, danger_level=7, message="CAR LEFT")
+# BlueZ: advertise ManufacturerData {ALERT_COMPANY_ID: payload}.
+# Raw HCI: advertising_data(payload) is the complete advertising data (up to 31 bytes).
+```
+
+`danger_level` is 1 to 10 (the device buzzes that many times) and the message at most 8 ASCII
+characters; anything else raises `ValueError` rather than being cut or changed.
+
+## Wire format (version 1)
+
+Every device has a 256-bit master key. HKDF-SHA256 derives one key per job from it: `guardian-aead-v1`
+(probe encryption), `guardian-mac-v1` (the source address) and `guardian-alert-v1` (alerts).
+
+**Probe.** Plaintext, 17 bytes, big-endian: version (1) · device id (uint32) · latitude and longitude
+(int32, microdegrees) · timestamp (uint32, unix seconds). It travels in a vendor-specific element
+(ID 221) of 48 bytes: a random 3-byte OUI · a random 12-byte nonce · the ChaCha20-Poly1305
+ciphertext and 16-byte tag (associated data `guardian-probe-v1`). The source address is the first 6
+bytes of HMAC-SHA256(address key, nonce), marked locally administered and unicast. A receiver
+recomputes that address for each enrolled key to recognise the device, then decrypts.
+
+**Alert.** Manufacturer-specific data, company id 0xFFFF: a 6-byte nonce · the ChaCha20 ciphertext
+of device id (uint32) · danger level (uint8) · message (0–8 ASCII) · the first 8 bytes of the
+Poly1305 tag (RFC 8439 construction, associated data `guardian-alert-v1`). It fits one 31-byte
+Bluetooth LE legacy advertisement.
+
+## Development
+
+```bash
+pip install -e ".[test]"
+pytest
+```
+
+`tests/vectors.json` holds probes and alerts recorded from the code running on deployed devices.
+If a change to `protocol.py` alters those bytes, devices and sensors no longer understand each
+other: that is a new major version and a device update, not a fix.
+
+Releasing: raise `__version__` in `src/mobintel_probe_encryption/__init__.py`, then push a tag
+`v<version>`. The GitHub workflow runs the tests (Python 3.9 with cryptography 3.3.2, as on the
+device, up to Python 3.13), builds the package, and publishes it to PyPI through trusted publishing,
+so no upload token is stored anywhere.
+
+## Author
+
+Stepan Mazokha (smazokha2016@fau.edu), I-SENSE, Florida Atlantic University.
+
+## License
+
+Apache License 2.0; see [LICENSE](LICENSE).

mobintel_probe_encryption-0.1.0.dist-info/RECORD

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mobintel_probe_encryption-0.1.0.dist-info/WHEEL

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+Generator: setuptools (84.2.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+

mobintel_probe_encryption-0.1.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
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mobintel_probe_encryption-0.1.0.dist-info/top_level.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+mobintel_probe_encryption