mcp-ticketer 0.3.0__py3-none-any.whl → 2.2.9__py3-none-any.whl

mcp_ticketer/adapters/linear/adapter.py

@@ -3,44 +3,67 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
+import logging
+import mimetypes
 import os
 from datetime import datetime
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 try:
+    import httpx
     from gql import gql
     from gql.transport.exceptions import TransportQueryError
 except ImportError:
     gql = None
     TransportQueryError = Exception
+    httpx = None
 
+import builtins
+
+from ...cache.memory import MemoryCache
 from ...core.adapter import BaseAdapter
 from ...core.models import (
+    Attachment,
     Comment,
     Epic,
-    Priority,
+    Milestone,
+    ProjectUpdate,
+    ProjectUpdateHealth,
     SearchQuery,
     Task,
     TicketState,
-    TicketType,
 )
 from ...core.registry import AdapterRegistry
-
+from ...core.url_parser import URLParserError, normalize_project_id
 from .client import LinearGraphQLClient
 from .mappers import (
     build_linear_issue_input,
     build_linear_issue_update_input,
-    extract_child_issue_ids,
+    map_linear_attachment_to_attachment,
     map_linear_comment_to_comment,
     map_linear_issue_to_task,
     map_linear_project_to_epic,
 )
 from .queries import (
     ALL_FRAGMENTS,
+    ARCHIVE_CYCLE_MUTATION,
+    CREATE_CYCLE_MUTATION,
     CREATE_ISSUE_MUTATION,
-    GET_CURRENT_USER_QUERY,
+    CREATE_LABEL_MUTATION,
+    CREATE_PROJECT_UPDATE_MUTATION,
+    GET_CUSTOM_VIEW_QUERY,
+    GET_CYCLE_ISSUES_QUERY,
+    GET_CYCLE_QUERY,
+    GET_ISSUE_STATUS_QUERY,
+    GET_PROJECT_UPDATE_QUERY,
+    LIST_CYCLES_QUERY,
+    LIST_ISSUE_STATUSES_QUERY,
     LIST_ISSUES_QUERY,
+    LIST_PROJECT_UPDATES_QUERY,
+    LIST_PROJECTS_QUERY,
     SEARCH_ISSUES_QUERY,
+    UPDATE_CYCLE_MUTATION,
     UPDATE_ISSUE_MUTATION,
     WORKFLOW_STATES_QUERY,
 )
@@ -49,22 +72,21 @@ from .types import (
     build_issue_filter,
     get_linear_priority,
     get_linear_state_type,
-    get_universal_state,
 )
 
 
 class LinearAdapter(BaseAdapter[Task]):
     """Adapter for Linear issue tracking system using native GraphQL API.
-    
+
     This adapter provides comprehensive integration with Linear's GraphQL API,
     supporting all major ticket management operations including:
-    
+
     - CRUD operations for issues and projects
     - State transitions and workflow management
     - User assignment and search functionality
     - Comment management
     - Epic/Issue/Task hierarchy support
-    
+
     The adapter is organized into multiple modules for better maintainability:
     - client.py: GraphQL client management
     - queries.py: GraphQL queries and fragments
@@ -72,312 +94,743 @@ class LinearAdapter(BaseAdapter[Task]):
     - mappers.py: Data transformation logic
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, config: Dict[str, Any]):
+    def __init__(self, config: dict[str, Any]):
         """Initialize Linear adapter.
 
         Args:
+        ----
             config: Configuration with:
                 - api_key: Linear API key (or LINEAR_API_KEY env var)
                 - workspace: Linear workspace name (optional, for documentation)
                 - team_key: Linear team key (e.g., 'BTA') OR
                 - team_id: Linear team UUID (e.g., '02d15669-7351-4451-9719-807576c16049')
                 - api_url: Optional Linear API URL (defaults to https://api.linear.app/graphql)
+                - labels_ttl: TTL for label cache in seconds (default: 300)
 
         Raises:
+        ------
             ValueError: If required configuration is missing
+
         """
         # Initialize instance variables before calling super().__init__
         # because parent constructor calls _get_state_mapping()
-        self._team_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
-        self._workflow_states: Optional[Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]] = None
-        self._labels_cache: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = None
-        self._users_cache: Optional[Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]] = None
+        self._team_data: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+        self._workflow_states: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None
+        self._labels_ttl = config.get("labels_ttl", 300.0)  # 5 min default
+        self._labels_cache = MemoryCache(default_ttl=self._labels_ttl)
+        self._users_cache: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None
         self._initialized = False
 
         super().__init__(config)
-        
+
         # Extract configuration
         self.api_key = config.get("api_key") or os.getenv("LINEAR_API_KEY")
         if not self.api_key:
-            raise ValueError("Linear API key is required (api_key or LINEAR_API_KEY env var)")
-        
-        # Ensure API key has Bearer prefix
-        if not self.api_key.startswith("Bearer "):
-            self.api_key = f"Bearer {self.api_key}"
-        
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Linear API key is required (api_key or LINEAR_API_KEY env var)"
+            )
+
+        # Clean API key - remove common prefixes if accidentally included in config
+        # (The client will add Bearer back when making requests)
+        if isinstance(self.api_key, str):
+            # Remove Bearer prefix
+            if self.api_key.startswith("Bearer "):
+                self.api_key = self.api_key.replace("Bearer ", "")
+            # Remove environment variable name prefix (e.g., "LINEAR_API_KEY=")
+            if "=" in self.api_key:
+                parts = self.api_key.split("=", 1)
+                if len(parts) == 2 and parts[0].upper() in (
+                    "LINEAR_API_KEY",
+                    "API_KEY",
+                ):
+                    self.api_key = parts[1]
+
+            # Validate API key format (Linear keys start with "lin_api_")
+            if not self.api_key.startswith("lin_api_"):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Invalid Linear API key format. Expected key starting with 'lin_api_', "
+                    f"got: {self.api_key[:15]}... "
+                    f"Please check your configuration and ensure the API key is correct."
+                )
+
         self.workspace = config.get("workspace", "")
         self.team_key = config.get("team_key")
         self.team_id = config.get("team_id")
+        self.user_email = config.get("user_email")  # Optional default assignee
         self.api_url = config.get("api_url", "https://api.linear.app/graphql")
-        
+
         # Validate team configuration
         if not self.team_key and not self.team_id:
             raise ValueError("Either team_key or team_id must be provided")
-        
-        # Initialize client
-        api_key_clean = self.api_key.replace("Bearer ", "")
-        self.client = LinearGraphQLClient(api_key_clean)
+
+        # Initialize client with clean API key
+        self.client = LinearGraphQLClient(self.api_key)
 
     def validate_credentials(self) -> tuple[bool, str]:
         """Validate Linear API credentials.
-        
+
         Returns:
+        -------
             Tuple of (is_valid, error_message)
+
         """
         if not self.api_key:
             return False, "Linear API key is required"
-        
+
         if not self.team_key and not self.team_id:
             return False, "Either team_key or team_id must be provided"
-        
+
         return True, ""
 
     async def initialize(self) -> None:
-        """Initialize adapter by preloading team, states, and labels data concurrently."""
+        """Initialize adapter by preloading team, states, and labels data concurrently.
+
+        Design Decision: Enhanced Error Handling (1M-431)
+        --------------------------------------------------
+        Improved error messages to provide actionable troubleshooting guidance.
+        Added logging to track initialization progress and identify failure points.
+        Preserves original ValueError type for backward compatibility.
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If connection fails or initialization encounters errors
+                       with detailed troubleshooting information
+
+        """
         if self._initialized:
             return
-        
+
+        import logging
+
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
         try:
             # Test connection first
-            if not await self.client.test_connection():
-                raise ValueError("Failed to connect to Linear API - check credentials")
-            
+            logger.info(
+                f"Testing Linear API connection for team {self.team_key or self.team_id}..."
+            )
+            connection_ok = await self.client.test_connection()
+
+            if not connection_ok:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Failed to connect to Linear API. Troubleshooting:\n"
+                    "1. Verify API key is valid (starts with 'lin_api_')\n"
+                    "2. Check team_key matches your Linear workspace\n"
+                    "3. Ensure API key has proper permissions\n"
+                    "4. Review logs for detailed error information\n"
+                    f"   API key preview: {self.api_key[:20] if self.api_key else 'None'}...\n"
+                    f"   Team: {self.team_key or self.team_id}"
+                )
+
+            logger.info("Linear API connection successful")
+
             # Load team data and workflow states concurrently
+            logger.debug("Loading team data and workflow states...")
             team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
-            
-            # Load workflow states for the team
+
+            # Validate team_id before initialization
+            if not team_id:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Cannot initialize Linear adapter without team_id. "
+                    "Ensure LINEAR_TEAM_KEY is configured correctly."
+                )
+
+            # Load workflow states and labels for the team
             await self._load_workflow_states(team_id)
-            
+            await self._load_team_labels(team_id)
+
             self._initialized = True
-            
+            logger.info("Linear adapter initialized successfully")
+
+        except ValueError:
+            # Re-raise ValueError with original message (for connection failures)
+            raise
         except Exception as e:
-            raise ValueError(f"Failed to initialize Linear adapter: {e}")
+            logger.error(
+                f"Linear adapter initialization failed: {type(e).__name__}: {e}",
+                exc_info=True,
+            )
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Failed to initialize Linear adapter: {type(e).__name__}: {e}\n"
+                "Check your credentials and network connection."
+            ) from e
 
     async def _ensure_team_id(self) -> str:
         """Ensure we have a team ID, resolving from team_key if needed.
-        
+
+        Validates that team_id is a UUID. If it looks like a team_key,
+        resolves it to the actual UUID.
+
         Returns:
-            Linear team UUID
-            
+        -------
+            Valid Linear team UUID
+
         Raises:
-            ValueError: If team cannot be found or resolved
+        ------
+            ValueError: If neither team_id nor team_key provided, or resolution fails
+
         """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        # If we have a team_id, validate it's actually a UUID
         if self.team_id:
-            return self.team_id
-        
+            # Check if it looks like a UUID (36 chars with hyphens)
+            import re
+
+            uuid_pattern = re.compile(
+                r"^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$",
+                re.IGNORECASE,
+            )
+
+            if uuid_pattern.match(self.team_id):
+                # Already a valid UUID
+                return str(self.team_id)
+            # Looks like a team_key string - need to resolve it
+            logger.warning(
+                f"team_id '{self.team_id}' is not a UUID - treating as team_key and resolving"
+            )
+            teams = await self._get_team_by_key(self.team_id)
+            if teams and len(teams) > 0:
+                resolved_id = teams[0]["id"]
+                logger.info(
+                    f"Resolved team_key '{self.team_id}' to UUID: {resolved_id}"
+                )
+                # Cache the resolved UUID
+                self.team_id = resolved_id
+                return resolved_id
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Cannot resolve team_id '{self.team_id}' to a valid Linear team UUID. "
+                f"Please use team_key instead for team short codes like 'ENG'."
+            )
+
+        # No team_id, must have team_key
         if not self.team_key:
-            raise ValueError("Either team_id or team_key must be provided")
-        
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Either team_id (UUID) or team_key (short code) must be provided"
+            )
+
         # Query team by key
+        teams = await self._get_team_by_key(self.team_key)
+
+        if not teams or len(teams) == 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"Team with key '{self.team_key}' not found")
+
+        team = teams[0]
+        team_id = team["id"]
+
+        # Cache the resolved team_id
+        self.team_id = team_id
+        self._team_data = team
+        logger.info(f"Resolved team_key '{self.team_key}' to team_id: {team_id}")
+
+        return team_id
+
+    async def _get_team_by_key(self, team_key: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Query Linear API to get team by key.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            team_key: Short team identifier (e.g., 'ENG', 'BTA')
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            List of matching teams
+
+        """
         query = """
             query GetTeamByKey($key: String!) {
                 teams(filter: { key: { eq: $key } }) {
                     nodes {
                         id
-                        name
                         key
-                        description
+                        name
                     }
                 }
             }
         """
-        
-        try:
-            result = await self.client.execute_query(query, {"key": self.team_key})
-            teams = result.get("teams", {}).get("nodes", [])
-            
-            if not teams:
-                raise ValueError(f"Team with key '{self.team_key}' not found")
-            
-            team = teams[0]
-            self.team_id = team["id"]
-            self._team_data = team
-            
-            return self.team_id
-            
-        except Exception as e:
-            raise ValueError(f"Failed to resolve team '{self.team_key}': {e}")
 
-    async def _load_workflow_states(self, team_id: str) -> None:
-        """Load and cache workflow states for the team.
-        
+        result = await self.client.execute_query(query, {"key": team_key})
+
+        if "teams" in result and "nodes" in result["teams"]:
+            return result["teams"]["nodes"]
+
+        return []
+
+    async def _get_custom_view(self, view_id: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """Get a Linear custom view by ID to check if it exists.
+
         Args:
-            team_id: Linear team ID
+        ----
+            view_id: View identifier (slug-uuid format)
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            View dict with fields (id, name, description, issues) or None if not found
+
         """
+        logging.debug(f"[VIEW DEBUG] _get_custom_view called with view_id: {view_id}")
+
+        if not view_id:
+            logging.debug("[VIEW DEBUG] view_id is empty, returning None")
+            return None
+
         try:
+            logging.debug(
+                f"[VIEW DEBUG] Executing GET_CUSTOM_VIEW_QUERY for view_id: {view_id}"
+            )
             result = await self.client.execute_query(
-                WORKFLOW_STATES_QUERY,
-                {"teamId": team_id}
+                GET_CUSTOM_VIEW_QUERY, {"viewId": view_id, "first": 10}
             )
-            
-            workflow_states = {}
-            for state in result["workflowStates"]["nodes"]:
-                state_type = state["type"].lower()
-                if state_type not in workflow_states:
-                    workflow_states[state_type] = state
-                elif state["position"] < workflow_states[state_type]["position"]:
-                    workflow_states[state_type] = state
-            
-            self._workflow_states = workflow_states
-            
+            logging.debug(f"[VIEW DEBUG] Query result: {result}")
+
+            if result.get("customView"):
+                logging.debug(
+                    f"[VIEW DEBUG] customView found in result: {result.get('customView')}"
+                )
+                return result["customView"]
+
+            logging.debug(
+                f"[VIEW DEBUG] No customView in result. Checking pattern: has_hyphen={'-' in view_id}, length={len(view_id)}"
+            )
+
+            # API query failed but check if this looks like a view identifier
+            # View IDs from URLs have format: slug-uuid (e.g., "mcp-skills-issues-0d0359fabcf9")
+            # If it has hyphens and is longer than 12 chars, it's likely a view URL identifier
+            if "-" in view_id and len(view_id) > 12:
+                logging.debug(
+                    "[VIEW DEBUG] Pattern matched! Returning minimal view object"
+                )
+                # Return minimal view object to trigger helpful error message
+                # We can't fetch the actual name, so use generic "Linear View"
+                return {
+                    "id": view_id,
+                    "name": "Linear View",
+                    "issues": {"nodes": [], "pageInfo": {"hasNextPage": False}},
+                }
+
+            logging.debug("[VIEW DEBUG] Pattern did not match, returning None")
+            return None
+
         except Exception as e:
-            raise ValueError(f"Failed to load workflow states: {e}")
+            logging.debug(
+                f"[VIEW DEBUG] Exception caught: {type(e).__name__}: {str(e)}"
+            )
+            # Linear returns error if view not found
+            # Check if this looks like a view identifier to provide helpful error
+            if "-" in view_id and len(view_id) > 12:
+                logging.debug(
+                    "[VIEW DEBUG] Exception handler: Pattern matched! Returning minimal view object"
+                )
+                # Return minimal view object to trigger helpful error message
+                return {
+                    "id": view_id,
+                    "name": "Linear View",
+                    "issues": {"nodes": [], "pageInfo": {"hasNextPage": False}},
+                }
+            logging.debug(
+                "[VIEW DEBUG] Exception handler: Pattern did not match, returning None"
+            )
+            return None
 
-    def _get_state_mapping(self) -> Dict[TicketState, str]:
-        """Get mapping from universal states to Linear workflow state IDs.
-        
-        Returns:
-            Dictionary mapping TicketState to Linear state ID
-        """
-        if not self._workflow_states:
-            # Return type-based mapping if states not loaded
-            return {
-                TicketState.OPEN: "unstarted",
-                TicketState.IN_PROGRESS: "started", 
-                TicketState.READY: "unstarted",
-                TicketState.TESTED: "started",
-                TicketState.DONE: "completed",
-                TicketState.CLOSED: "canceled",
-                TicketState.WAITING: "unstarted",
-                TicketState.BLOCKED: "unstarted",
-            }
-        
-        # Return ID-based mapping using cached workflow states
-        mapping = {}
-        for universal_state, linear_type in LinearStateMapping.TO_LINEAR.items():
-            if linear_type in self._workflow_states:
-                mapping[universal_state] = self._workflow_states[linear_type]["id"]
-            else:
-                # Fallback to type name
-                mapping[universal_state] = linear_type
-        
-        return mapping
+    async def get_project(self, project_id: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """Get a Linear project by ID using direct query.
+
+        This method uses Linear's direct project(id:) GraphQL query for efficient lookups.
+        Supports UUID, slugId, or short ID formats.
 
-    async def _get_user_id(self, user_identifier: str) -> Optional[str]:
-        """Get Linear user ID from email or display name.
-        
         Args:
-            user_identifier: Email address or display name
-            
+        ----
+            project_id: Project UUID, slugId, or short ID
+
         Returns:
-            Linear user ID or None if not found
+        -------
+            Project dict with fields (id, name, description, state, etc.) or None if not found
+
+        Examples:
+        --------
+            - "a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890" (UUID)
+            - "crm-smart-monitoring-system-f59a41a96c52" (slugId)
+            - "6cf55cfcfad4" (short ID - 12 hex chars)
+
         """
-        # Try to get user by email first
-        user = await self.client.get_user_by_email(user_identifier)
-        if user:
-            return user["id"]
-        
-        # If not found by email, could implement search by display name
-        # For now, assume the identifier is already a user ID
-        return user_identifier if user_identifier else None
+        if not project_id:
+            return None
 
-    # CRUD Operations
+        # Direct query using Linear's project(id:) endpoint
+        query = """
+            query GetProject($id: String!) {
+                project(id: $id) {
+                    id
+                    name
+                    description
+                    state
+                    slugId
+                    createdAt
+                    updatedAt
+                    url
+                    icon
+                    color
+                    targetDate
+                    startedAt
+                    completedAt
+                    teams {
+                        nodes {
+                            id
+                            name
+                            key
+                            description
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
 
-    async def create(self, ticket: Union[Epic, Task]) -> Union[Epic, Task]:
-        """Create a new Linear issue or project with full field support.
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(query, {"id": project_id})
+
+            if result.get("project"):
+                return result["project"]
+
+            # No match found
+            return None
+
+        except Exception:
+            # Linear returns error if project not found - return None instead of raising
+            return None
+
+    async def get_epic(self, epic_id: str, include_issues: bool = True) -> Epic | None:
+        """Get Linear project as Epic with optional issue loading.
+
+        This is the preferred method for reading projects/epics as it provides
+        explicit control over whether to load child issues.
 
         Args:
-            ticket: Epic or Task to create
+        ----
+            epic_id: Project UUID, slugId, or short ID
+            include_issues: Whether to fetch and populate child_issues (default True)
 
         Returns:
-            Created ticket with populated ID and metadata
+        -------
+            Epic object with child_issues populated if include_issues=True,
+            or None if project not found
 
         Raises:
-            ValueError: If credentials are invalid or creation fails
+        ------
+            ValueError: If credentials invalid
+
+        Example:
+        -------
+            # Get project with issues
+            epic = await adapter.get_epic("c0e6db5a-03b6-479f-8796-5070b8fb7895")
+
+            # Get project metadata only (faster)
+            epic = await adapter.get_epic("c0e6db5a-03b6-479f-8796-5070b8fb7895", include_issues=False)
+
         """
-        # Validate credentials before attempting operation
+        # Validate credentials
         is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
         if not is_valid:
             raise ValueError(error_message)
 
-        # Ensure adapter is initialized
-        await self.initialize()
+        # Fetch project data
+        project_data = await self.get_project(epic_id)
+        if not project_data:
+            return None
 
-        # Handle Epic creation (Linear Projects)
-        if isinstance(ticket, Epic):
-            return await self._create_epic(ticket)
+        # Map to Epic
+        epic = map_linear_project_to_epic(project_data)
 
-        # Handle Task creation (Linear Issues)
-        return await self._create_task(ticket)
+        # Optionally fetch and populate child issues
+        if include_issues:
+            issues = await self._get_project_issues(epic_id)
+            epic.child_issues = [issue.id for issue in issues if issue.id is not None]
 
-    async def _create_task(self, task: Task) -> Task:
-        """Create a Linear issue from a Task.
+        return epic
+
+    def _validate_linear_uuid(self, uuid_value: str, field_name: str = "UUID") -> bool:
+        """Validate Linear UUID format (36 chars, 8-4-4-4-12 pattern).
+
+        Linear UUIDs follow standard UUID v4 format:
+        - Total length: 36 characters
+        - Pattern: xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
+        - Contains exactly 4 hyphens at positions 8, 13, 18, 23
 
         Args:
-            task: Task to create
+        ----
+            uuid_value: UUID string to validate
+            field_name: Name of field for error messages (default: "UUID")
 
         Returns:
-            Created task with Linear metadata
+        -------
+            True if valid UUID format, False otherwise
+
+        Examples:
+        --------
+            >>> _validate_linear_uuid("12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012", "projectId")
+            True
+            >>> _validate_linear_uuid("invalid-uuid", "projectId")
+            False
         """
-        team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-        # Build issue input using mapper
-        issue_input = build_linear_issue_input(task, team_id)
+        if not isinstance(uuid_value, str):
+            logger.warning(f"{field_name} is not a string: {type(uuid_value).__name__}")
+            return False
 
-        # Resolve assignee to user ID if provided
-        if task.assignee:
-            user_id = await self._get_user_id(task.assignee)
-            if user_id:
-                issue_input["assigneeId"] = user_id
+        if len(uuid_value) != 36:
+            logger.warning(
+                f"{field_name} has invalid length {len(uuid_value)}, expected 36 characters"
+            )
+            return False
+
+        if uuid_value.count("-") != 4:
+            logger.warning(
+                f"{field_name} has invalid format: {uuid_value}. "
+                f"Expected xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx pattern"
+            )
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+    async def _resolve_project_id(self, project_identifier: str) -> str | None:
+        """Resolve project identifier (slug, name, short ID, or URL) to full UUID.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            project_identifier: Project slug, name, short ID, or URL
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Full Linear project UUID, or None if not found
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If project lookup fails
+
+        Examples:
+        --------
+            - "crm-smart-monitoring-system" (slug)
+            - "CRM Smart Monitoring System" (name)
+            - "f59a41a96c52" (short ID from URL)
+            - "https://linear.app/travel-bta/project/crm-smart-monitoring-system-f59a41a96c52/overview" (full URL)
+
+        """
+        if not project_identifier:
+            return None
 
+        # Use tested URL parser to normalize the identifier
+        # This correctly extracts project IDs from URLs and handles:
+        # - Full URLs: https://linear.app/team/project/slug-id/overview
+        # - Slug-ID format: slug-id
+        # - Plain identifiers: id
         try:
-            result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
-                CREATE_ISSUE_MUTATION,
-                {"input": issue_input}
+            project_identifier = normalize_project_id(
+                project_identifier, adapter_type="linear"
             )
+        except URLParserError as e:
+            logging.getLogger(__name__).warning(
+                f"Failed to parse project identifier: {e}"
+            )
+            # Continue with original identifier - may still work if it's a name
 
-            if not result["issueCreate"]["success"]:
-                raise ValueError("Failed to create Linear issue")
+        # If it looks like a full UUID already (exactly 36 chars with exactly 4 dashes), return it
+        # UUID format: xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
+        if len(project_identifier) == 36 and project_identifier.count("-") == 4:
+            return project_identifier
 
-            created_issue = result["issueCreate"]["issue"]
-            return map_linear_issue_to_task(created_issue)
+        # OPTIMIZATION: Try direct query first if it looks like a UUID, slugId, or short ID
+        # This is more efficient than listing all projects
+        should_try_direct_query = False
+
+        # Check if it looks like a short ID (exactly 12 hex characters)
+        if len(project_identifier) == 12 and all(
+            c in "0123456789abcdefABCDEF" for c in project_identifier
+        ):
+            should_try_direct_query = True
+
+        # Check if it looks like a slugId format (contains dashes and ends with 12 hex chars)
+        if "-" in project_identifier:
+            parts = project_identifier.rsplit("-", 1)
+            if len(parts) > 1:
+                potential_short_id = parts[1]
+                if len(potential_short_id) == 12 and all(
+                    c in "0123456789abcdefABCDEF" for c in potential_short_id
+                ):
+                    should_try_direct_query = True
+
+        # Try direct query first if identifier format suggests it might work
+        if should_try_direct_query:
+            try:
+                project = await self.get_project(project_identifier)
+                if project:
+                    return project["id"]
+            except Exception as e:
+                # Direct query failed - fall through to list-based search
+                logging.getLogger(__name__).debug(
+                    f"Direct project query failed for '{project_identifier}': {e}. "
+                    f"Falling back to listing all projects."
+                )
+
+        # FALLBACK: Query all projects with pagination support
+        # This is less efficient but handles name-based lookups and edge cases
+        query = """
+            query GetProjects($first: Int!, $after: String) {
+                projects(first: $first, after: $after) {
+                    nodes {
+                        id
+                        name
+                        slugId
+                    }
+                    pageInfo {
+                        hasNextPage
+                        endCursor
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        try:
+            # Fetch all projects across multiple pages
+            all_projects = []
+            has_next_page = True
+            after_cursor = None
+
+            while has_next_page:
+                variables = {"first": 100}
+                if after_cursor:
+                    variables["after"] = after_cursor
+
+                result = await self.client.execute_query(query, variables)
+                projects_data = result.get("projects", {})
+                page_projects = projects_data.get("nodes", [])
+                page_info = projects_data.get("pageInfo", {})
+
+                all_projects.extend(page_projects)
+                has_next_page = page_info.get("hasNextPage", False)
+                after_cursor = page_info.get("endCursor")
+
+            # Search for match by slug, slugId, name (case-insensitive)
+            project_lower = project_identifier.lower()
+            for project in all_projects:
+                # Check if identifier matches slug pattern (extracted from slugId)
+                slug_id = project.get("slugId", "")
+                if slug_id:
+                    # slugId format: "crm-smart-monitoring-system-f59a41a96c52"
+                    # Linear short IDs are always exactly 12 hexadecimal characters
+                    # Extract both the slug part and short ID
+                    if "-" in slug_id:
+                        parts = slug_id.rsplit("-", 1)
+                        potential_short_id = parts[1] if len(parts) > 1 else ""
+
+                        # Validate it's exactly 12 hex characters
+                        if len(potential_short_id) == 12 and all(
+                            c in "0123456789abcdefABCDEF" for c in potential_short_id
+                        ):
+                            slug_part = parts[0]
+                            short_id = potential_short_id
+                        else:
+                            # Fallback: treat entire slugId as slug if last part isn't valid
+                            slug_part = slug_id
+                            short_id = ""
+
+                        # Match full slugId, slug part, or short ID
+                        if (
+                            slug_id.lower() == project_lower
+                            or slug_part.lower() == project_lower
+                            or short_id.lower() == project_lower
+                        ):
+                            project_uuid = project["id"]
+                            # Validate UUID format before returning
+                            if not self._validate_linear_uuid(
+                                project_uuid, "projectId"
+                            ):
+                                logging.getLogger(__name__).error(
+                                    f"Project '{project_identifier}' resolved to invalid UUID format: '{project_uuid}'. "
+                                    f"Expected 36-character UUID (xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx). "
+                                    f"This indicates a data inconsistency in Linear API response."
+                                )
+                                return None
+                            return project_uuid
+
+                # Also check exact name match (case-insensitive)
+                if project["name"].lower() == project_lower:
+                    project_uuid = project["id"]
+                    # Validate UUID format before returning
+                    if not self._validate_linear_uuid(project_uuid, "projectId"):
+                        logging.getLogger(__name__).error(
+                            f"Project '{project_identifier}' resolved to invalid UUID format: '{project_uuid}'. "
+                            f"Expected 36-character UUID (xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx). "
+                            f"This indicates a data inconsistency in Linear API response."
+                        )
+                        return None
+                    return project_uuid
+
+            # No match found
+            return None
 
         except Exception as e:
-            raise ValueError(f"Failed to create Linear issue: {e}")
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Failed to resolve project '{project_identifier}': {e}"
+            ) from e
 
-    async def _create_epic(self, epic: Epic) -> Epic:
-        """Create a Linear project from an Epic.
+    async def _validate_project_team_association(
+        self, project_id: str, team_id: str
+    ) -> tuple[bool, list[str]]:
+        """Check if team is associated with project.
 
         Args:
-            epic: Epic to create
+        ----
+            project_id: Linear project UUID
+            team_id: Linear team UUID
 
         Returns:
-            Created epic with Linear metadata
+        -------
+            Tuple of (is_associated, list_of_project_team_ids)
+
         """
-        team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
+        project = await self.get_project(project_id)
+        if not project:
+            return False, []
 
-        project_input = {
-            "name": epic.title,
-            "teamIds": [team_id],
-        }
+        # Extract team IDs from project's teams
+        project_team_ids = [
+            team["id"] for team in project.get("teams", {}).get("nodes", [])
+        ]
 
-        if epic.description:
-            project_input["description"] = epic.description
+        return team_id in project_team_ids, project_team_ids
 
-        # Create project mutation
-        create_query = """
-            mutation CreateProject($input: ProjectCreateInput!) {
-                projectCreate(input: $input) {
+    async def _ensure_team_in_project(self, project_id: str, team_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Add team to project if not already associated.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            project_id: Linear project UUID
+            team_id: Linear team UUID to add
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            True if successful, False otherwise
+
+        """
+        # First check current association
+        is_associated, existing_team_ids = (
+            await self._validate_project_team_association(project_id, team_id)
+        )
+
+        if is_associated:
+            return True  # Already associated, nothing to do
+
+        # Add team to project by updating project's teamIds
+        update_query = """
+            mutation UpdateProject($id: String!, $input: ProjectUpdateInput!) {
+                projectUpdate(id: $id, input: $input) {
                     success
                     project {
                         id
-                        name
-                        description
-                        state
-                        createdAt
-                        updatedAt
-                        url
-                        icon
-                        color
-                        targetDate
-                        startedAt
-                        completedAt
                         teams {
                             nodes {
                                 id
                                 name
-                                key
-                                description
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -385,156 +838,3037 @@ class LinearAdapter(BaseAdapter[Task]):
             }
         """
 
+        # Include existing teams + new team
+        all_team_ids = existing_team_ids + [team_id]
+
         try:
             result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
-                create_query,
-                {"input": project_input}
+                update_query, {"id": project_id, "input": {"teamIds": all_team_ids}}
             )
+            success = result.get("projectUpdate", {}).get("success", False)
 
-            if not result["projectCreate"]["success"]:
-                raise ValueError("Failed to create Linear project")
+            if success:
+                logging.getLogger(__name__).info(
+                    f"Successfully added team {team_id} to project {project_id}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.getLogger(__name__).warning(
+                    f"Failed to add team {team_id} to project {project_id}"
+                )
 
-            created_project = result["projectCreate"]["project"]
+            return success
+        except Exception as e:
+            logging.getLogger(__name__).error(
+                f"Error adding team {team_id} to project {project_id}: {e}"
+            )
+            return False
+
+    async def _get_project_issues(
+        self, project_id: str, limit: int = 100
+    ) -> list[Task]:
+        """Fetch all issues belonging to a Linear project.
+
+        Uses existing build_issue_filter() and LIST_ISSUES_QUERY infrastructure
+        to fetch issues filtered by project_id.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            project_id: Project UUID, slugId, or short ID
+            limit: Maximum issues to return (default 100, max 250)
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            List of Task objects representing project's issues
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If credentials invalid or query fails
+
+        """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        # Build filter for issues belonging to this project
+        issue_filter = build_issue_filter(project_id=project_id)
+
+        variables = {
+            "filter": issue_filter,
+            "first": min(limit, 250),  # Linear API max per page
+        }
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(LIST_ISSUES_QUERY, variables)
+            issues = result.get("issues", {}).get("nodes", [])
+
+            # Map Linear issues to Task objects
+            return [map_linear_issue_to_task(issue) for issue in issues]
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Log but don't fail - return empty list if issues can't be fetched
+            logger.warning(f"Failed to fetch project issues for {project_id}: {e}")
+            return []
+
+    async def _resolve_issue_id(self, issue_identifier: str) -> str | None:
+        """Resolve issue identifier (like "ENG-842") to full UUID.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            issue_identifier: Issue identifier (e.g., "ENG-842") or UUID
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Full Linear issue UUID, or None if not found
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If issue lookup fails
+
+        Examples:
+        --------
+            - "ENG-842" (issue identifier)
+            - "BTA-123" (issue identifier)
+            - "a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890" (already a UUID)
+
+        """
+        if not issue_identifier:
+            return None
+
+        # If it looks like a full UUID already (exactly 36 chars with exactly 4 dashes), return it
+        # UUID format: xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
+        if len(issue_identifier) == 36 and issue_identifier.count("-") == 4:
+            return issue_identifier
+
+        # Query issue by identifier to get its UUID
+        query = """
+            query GetIssueId($identifier: String!) {
+                issue(id: $identifier) {
+                    id
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(
+                query, {"identifier": issue_identifier}
+            )
+
+            if result.get("issue"):
+                return result["issue"]["id"]
+
+            # No match found
+            return None
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Failed to resolve issue '{issue_identifier}': {e}"
+            ) from e
+
+    async def _load_workflow_states(self, team_id: str) -> None:
+        """Load and cache workflow states for the team with semantic name matching.
+
+        Implements two-level mapping strategy to handle Linear workflows with
+        multiple states of the same type (e.g., "Todo", "Backlog", "Ready" all
+        being "unstarted"):
+
+        1. Semantic name matching: Match state names to universal states using
+           predefined mappings (flexible, respects custom workflows)
+        2. State type fallback: Use first state of matching type for unmapped
+           universal states (backward compatible)
+
+        This fixes issue 1M-552 where transitions to READY/TESTED/WAITING states
+        failed with "Discrepancy between issue state and state type" errors.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            team_id: Linear team ID
+
+        """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(
+                WORKFLOW_STATES_QUERY, {"teamId": team_id}
+            )
+
+            states = result["team"]["states"]["nodes"]
+
+            # Build auxiliary mappings for efficient lookup
+            state_by_name: dict[str, tuple[str, str]] = {}  # name → (state_id, type)
+            state_by_type: dict[str, str] = {}  # type → state_id (first occurrence)
+
+            # Sort states by position to ensure consistent selection
+            sorted_states = sorted(states, key=lambda s: s["position"])
+
+            for state in sorted_states:
+                state_id = state["id"]
+                state_name = state["name"].lower()
+                state_type = state["type"].lower()
+
+                # Store by name for semantic matching (first occurrence wins)
+                if state_name not in state_by_name:
+                    state_by_name[state_name] = (state_id, state_type)
+
+                # Store by type for fallback (keep first occurrence by position)
+                if state_type not in state_by_type:
+                    state_by_type[state_type] = state_id
+
+            # Build final state map with semantic matching
+            workflow_states = {}
+
+            for universal_state in TicketState:
+                state_id = None
+                matched_strategy = None
+
+                # Strategy 1: Try semantic name matching
+                if universal_state in LinearStateMapping.SEMANTIC_NAMES:
+                    for semantic_name in LinearStateMapping.SEMANTIC_NAMES[
+                        universal_state
+                    ]:
+                        if semantic_name in state_by_name:
+                            state_id = state_by_name[semantic_name][0]
+                            matched_strategy = f"name:{semantic_name}"
+                            break
+
+                # Strategy 2: Fallback to type mapping
+                if not state_id:
+                    linear_type = LinearStateMapping.TO_LINEAR.get(universal_state)
+                    if linear_type:
+                        state_id = state_by_type.get(linear_type)
+                        if state_id:
+                            matched_strategy = f"type:{linear_type}"
+
+                if state_id:
+                    workflow_states[universal_state.value] = state_id
+                    logger.debug(
+                        f"Mapped {universal_state.value} → {state_id} "
+                        f"(strategy: {matched_strategy})"
+                    )
+
+            self._workflow_states = workflow_states
+
+            # Log warning if multiple states of same type detected
+            type_counts: dict[str, int] = {}
+            for state in states:
+                state_type = state["type"].lower()
+                type_counts[state_type] = type_counts.get(state_type, 0) + 1
+
+            multi_state_types = {
+                type_: count for type_, count in type_counts.items() if count > 1
+            }
+            if multi_state_types:
+                logger.info(
+                    f"Team {team_id} has multiple states per type: {multi_state_types}. "
+                    "Using semantic name matching for state resolution."
+                )
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to load workflow states: {e}") from e
+
+    async def _load_team_labels(self, team_id: str) -> None:
+        """Load and cache labels for the team with retry logic and pagination.
+
+        Fetches ALL labels for the team using cursor-based pagination.
+        Handles teams with >250 labels (Linear's default page size).
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            team_id: Linear team ID
+
+        """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        query = """
+            query GetTeamLabels($teamId: String!, $first: Int!, $after: String) {
+                team(id: $teamId) {
+                    labels(first: $first, after: $after) {
+                        nodes {
+                            id
+                            name
+                            color
+                            description
+                        }
+                        pageInfo {
+                            hasNextPage
+                            endCursor
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        max_retries = 3
+        for attempt in range(max_retries):
+            try:
+                # Fetch all labels with pagination
+                all_labels: list[dict] = []
+                has_next_page = True
+                after_cursor = None
+                page_count = 0
+                max_pages = 10  # Safety limit: 10 pages * 250 labels = 2500 labels max
+
+                while has_next_page and page_count < max_pages:
+                    page_count += 1
+                    variables = {"teamId": team_id, "first": 250}
+                    if after_cursor:
+                        variables["after"] = after_cursor
+
+                    result = await self.client.execute_query(query, variables)
+                    labels_data = result.get("team", {}).get("labels", {})
+                    page_labels = labels_data.get("nodes", [])
+                    page_info = labels_data.get("pageInfo", {})
+
+                    all_labels.extend(page_labels)
+                    has_next_page = page_info.get("hasNextPage", False)
+                    after_cursor = page_info.get("endCursor")
+
+                if page_count >= max_pages and has_next_page:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        f"Reached max page limit ({max_pages}) for team {team_id}. "
+                        f"Loaded {len(all_labels)} labels, but more may exist."
+                    )
+
+                # Store in TTL-based cache
+                cache_key = f"linear_labels:{team_id}"
+                await self._labels_cache.set(cache_key, all_labels)
+                logger.info(
+                    f"Loaded {len(all_labels)} labels for team {team_id} ({page_count} page(s))"
+                )
+                return  # Success
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                if attempt < max_retries - 1:
+                    wait_time = 2**attempt
+                    logger.warning(
+                        f"Failed to load labels (attempt {attempt + 1}/{max_retries}): {e}. "
+                        f"Retrying in {wait_time}s..."
+                    )
+                    await asyncio.sleep(wait_time)
+                else:
+                    logger.error(
+                        f"Failed to load team labels after {max_retries} attempts: {e}",
+                        exc_info=True,
+                    )
+                    # Store empty list in cache on failure
+                    cache_key = f"linear_labels:{team_id}"
+                    await self._labels_cache.set(cache_key, [])
+
+    async def _find_label_by_name(
+        self, name: str, team_id: str, max_retries: int = 3
+    ) -> dict | None:
+        """Find a label by name using Linear API (server-side check) with retry logic and pagination.
+
+        Handles cache staleness by checking Linear's server-side state.
+        This method is used when cache lookup misses to prevent duplicate
+        label creation attempts.
+
+        Implements retry logic with exponential backoff to handle transient
+        network failures and distinguish between "label not found" (None) and
+        "check failed" (exception).
+
+        Uses cursor-based pagination with early exit optimization to handle
+        teams with >250 labels efficiently. Stops searching as soon as the
+        label is found.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            name: Label name to search for (case-insensitive)
+            team_id: Linear team ID
+            max_retries: Maximum retry attempts for transient failures (default: 3)
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            dict: Label data if found (with id, name, color, description)
+            None: Label definitively doesn't exist (checked successfully)
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            Exception: Unable to check label existence after retries exhausted
+                      (network/API failure). Caller must handle to prevent
+                      duplicate label creation.
+
+        Related:
+        -------
+            1M-443: Fix duplicate label error when setting existing labels
+            1M-443 hotfix: Add retry logic to prevent ambiguous error handling
+
+        """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        query = """
+            query GetTeamLabels($teamId: String!, $first: Int!, $after: String) {
+                team(id: $teamId) {
+                    labels(first: $first, after: $after) {
+                        nodes {
+                            id
+                            name
+                            color
+                            description
+                        }
+                        pageInfo {
+                            hasNextPage
+                            endCursor
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        for attempt in range(max_retries):
+            try:
+                # Search with pagination and early exit
+                name_lower = name.lower()
+                has_next_page = True
+                after_cursor = None
+                page_count = 0
+                max_pages = 10  # Safety limit: 10 pages * 250 labels = 2500 labels max
+                total_checked = 0
+
+                while has_next_page and page_count < max_pages:
+                    page_count += 1
+                    variables = {"teamId": team_id, "first": 250}
+                    if after_cursor:
+                        variables["after"] = after_cursor
+
+                    result = await self.client.execute_query(query, variables)
+                    labels_data = result.get("team", {}).get("labels", {})
+                    page_labels = labels_data.get("nodes", [])
+                    page_info = labels_data.get("pageInfo", {})
+
+                    total_checked += len(page_labels)
+
+                    # Case-insensitive search in current page
+                    for label in page_labels:
+                        if label["name"].lower() == name_lower:
+                            logger.debug(
+                                f"Found label '{name}' via server-side search "
+                                f"(ID: {label['id']}, checked {total_checked} labels)"
+                            )
+                            return label
+
+                    has_next_page = page_info.get("hasNextPage", False)
+                    after_cursor = page_info.get("endCursor")
+
+                if page_count >= max_pages and has_next_page:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        f"Reached max page limit ({max_pages}) searching for label '{name}'. "
+                        f"Checked {total_checked} labels, but more exist."
+                    )
+
+                # Label definitively doesn't exist (successful check)
+                logger.debug(f"Label '{name}' not found in {total_checked} team labels")
+                return None
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                if attempt < max_retries - 1:
+                    # Transient failure, retry with exponential backoff
+                    wait_time = 2**attempt
+                    await asyncio.sleep(wait_time)
+                    logger.debug(
+                        f"Retry {attempt + 1}/{max_retries} for label '{name}' search: {e}"
+                    )
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    # All retries exhausted, propagate exception
+                    # CRITICAL: Caller must handle to prevent duplicate creation
+                    logger.error(
+                        f"Failed to check label '{name}' after {max_retries} attempts: {e}"
+                    )
+                    raise
+
+        # This should never be reached (all paths return/raise in loop)
+        return None
+
+    async def _create_label(
+        self, name: str, team_id: str, color: str = "#0366d6"
+    ) -> str:
+        """Create a new label in Linear.
+
+        Implements race condition recovery: if creation fails due to duplicate,
+        retry lookup from server (Tier 2) to get the existing label ID.
+
+        Related: 1M-398 - Label duplicate error handling
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            name: Label name
+            team_id: Linear team ID
+            color: Label color (hex format, default: blue)
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            str: Label ID (either newly created or existing after recovery)
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If label creation fails and recovery lookup also fails
+
+        """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        label_input = {
+            "name": name,
+            "teamId": team_id,
+            "color": color,
+        }
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
+                CREATE_LABEL_MUTATION, {"input": label_input}
+            )
+
+            if not result["issueLabelCreate"]["success"]:
+                raise ValueError(f"Failed to create label '{name}'")
+
+            created_label = result["issueLabelCreate"]["issueLabel"]
+            label_id = created_label["id"]
+
+            # Invalidate cache to force refresh on next access
+            if self._labels_cache is not None:
+                await self._labels_cache.clear()
+
+            logger.info(f"Created new label '{name}' with ID: {label_id}")
+            return label_id
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            """
+            Race condition recovery: Another process may have created this label
+            between our Tier 2 lookup and creation attempt.
+
+            Graceful recovery:
+            1. Check if error is duplicate label error
+            2. Retry Tier 2 lookup (query server)
+            3. Return existing label ID if found
+            4. Raise error if recovery fails
+            """
+            error_str = str(e).lower()
+
+            # Check if this is a duplicate label error
+            if "duplicate" in error_str and "label" in error_str:
+                logger.debug(
+                    f"Duplicate label detected for '{name}', attempting recovery lookup"
+                )
+
+                # Retry Tier 2 with backoff: API eventual consistency requires delay
+                # Linear API has 100-500ms propagation delay between write and read
+                max_recovery_attempts = 5
+                backoff_delays = [0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5]  # Total: 3.3s max
+
+                for attempt in range(max_recovery_attempts):
+                    try:
+                        if attempt > 0:
+                            # Wait before retry (skip delay on first attempt)
+                            delay = backoff_delays[
+                                min(attempt - 1, len(backoff_delays) - 1)
+                            ]
+                            logger.debug(
+                                f"Label '{name}' duplicate detected. "
+                                f"Retrying retrieval (attempt {attempt + 1}/{max_recovery_attempts}) "
+                                f"after {delay}s delay for API propagation..."
+                            )
+                            await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+
+                        # Query server for existing label
+                        server_label = await self._find_label_by_name(name, team_id)
+
+                        if server_label:
+                            label_id = server_label["id"]
+
+                            # Invalidate cache to force refresh on next access
+                            if self._labels_cache is not None:
+                                await self._labels_cache.clear()
+
+                            logger.info(
+                                f"Successfully recovered existing label '{name}' (ID: {label_id}) "
+                                f"after {attempt + 1} attempt(s)"
+                            )
+                            return label_id
+
+                        # Label still not found, log and continue to next retry
+                        logger.debug(
+                            f"Label '{name}' not found in recovery attempt {attempt + 1}/{max_recovery_attempts}"
+                        )
+
+                    except Exception as lookup_error:
+                        logger.warning(
+                            f"Recovery lookup failed on attempt {attempt + 1}/{max_recovery_attempts}: {lookup_error}"
+                        )
+
+                        # If this is the last attempt, raise with context
+                        if attempt == max_recovery_attempts - 1:
+                            raise ValueError(
+                                f"Failed to recover label '{name}' after {max_recovery_attempts} attempts. "
+                                f"Last error: {lookup_error}. This may indicate:\n"
+                                f"  1. Network connectivity issues\n"
+                                f"  2. API propagation delay >{sum(backoff_delays):.1f}s (very unusual)\n"
+                                f"  3. Label exists beyond first 250 labels in team\n"
+                                f"  4. Permissions issue preventing label query\n"
+                                f"Please retry the operation or check Linear workspace status."
+                            ) from lookup_error
+
+                        # Not the last attempt, continue to next retry
+                        continue
+
+                # If we get here, all recovery attempts failed (label never found, no exceptions)
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Label '{name}' already exists but could not retrieve ID after "
+                    f"{max_recovery_attempts} attempts. The label query succeeded but returned no results.\n"
+                    f"This may indicate:\n"
+                    f"  1. API propagation delay >{sum(backoff_delays):.1f}s (very unusual)\n"
+                    f"  2. Label exists beyond first 250 labels in team\n"
+                    f"  3. Permissions issue preventing label query\n"
+                    f"  4. Team ID mismatch\n"
+                    f"Please retry the operation or check Linear workspace permissions."
+                ) from e
+
+            # Not a duplicate error - re-raise original exception
+            logger.error(f"Failed to create label '{name}': {e}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to create label '{name}': {e}") from e
+
+    async def _ensure_labels_exist(self, label_names: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        """Ensure labels exist, creating them if necessary.
+
+        This method implements a three-tier label resolution flow to prevent
+        duplicate label creation errors:
+
+        1. **Tier 1 (Cache)**: Check local cache (fast, 0 API calls)
+        2. **Tier 2 (Server)**: Query Linear API for label (handles staleness, +1 API call)
+        3. **Tier 3 (Create)**: Create new label only if truly doesn't exist
+
+        The three-tier approach solves cache staleness issues where labels exist
+        in Linear but not in local cache, preventing "label already exists" errors.
+
+        Behavior (1M-396):
+        - Fail-fast: If any label creation fails, the exception is propagated
+        - All-or-nothing: Partial label updates are not allowed
+        - Clear errors: Callers receive actionable error messages
+
+        Performance:
+        - Cached labels: 0 additional API calls (Tier 1 hit)
+        - New labels: +1 API call for existence check (Tier 2) + 1 for creation (Tier 3)
+        - Trade-off: Accepts +1 API call to prevent duplicate errors
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            label_names: List of label names (strings)
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            List of Linear label IDs (UUIDs)
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If any label creation fails
+
+        Related:
+        -------
+            1M-443: Fix duplicate label error when setting existing labels
+            1M-396: Fail-fast label creation behavior
+
+        """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        if not label_names:
+            return []
+
+        # Get team ID for label operations
+        team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
+
+        # Validate team_id before loading labels
+        if not team_id:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot resolve Linear labels without team_id. "
+                "Ensure LINEAR_TEAM_KEY is configured correctly."
+            )
+
+        # Check cache for labels
+        cache_key = f"linear_labels:{team_id}"
+        cached_labels = await self._labels_cache.get(cache_key)
+
+        # Load labels if not cached
+        if cached_labels is None:
+            await self._load_team_labels(team_id)
+            cached_labels = await self._labels_cache.get(cache_key)
+
+        if not cached_labels:
+            logger.error(
+                "Label cache is empty after load attempt. Tags will be skipped."
+            )
+            return []
+
+        # Create name -> ID mapping (case-insensitive)
+        label_map = {label["name"].lower(): label["id"] for label in cached_labels}
+
+        logger.debug(f"Available labels in team: {list(label_map.keys())}")
+
+        # Map or create each label
+        label_ids = []
+        for name in label_names:
+            name_lower = name.lower()
+
+            # Tier 1: Check cache (fast path, 0 API calls)
+            if name_lower in label_map:
+                label_id = label_map[name_lower]
+                label_ids.append(label_id)
+                logger.debug(
+                    f"[Tier 1] Resolved cached label '{name}' to ID: {label_id}"
+                )
+            else:
+                # Tier 2: Check server for label (handles cache staleness)
+                try:
+                    server_label = await self._find_label_by_name(name, team_id)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    # Server check failed after retries (1M-443 hotfix)
+                    # CRITICAL: Do NOT proceed to creation to prevent duplicates
+                    # Re-raise to signal failure to verify label existence
+                    logger.error(
+                        f"Unable to verify label '{name}' existence. "
+                        f"Cannot safely create to avoid duplicates. Error: {e}"
+                    )
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"Unable to verify label '{name}' existence. "
+                        f"Cannot safely create to avoid duplicates. Error: {e}"
+                    ) from e
+
+                if server_label:
+                    # Label exists on server but not in cache - invalidate cache
+                    label_id = server_label["id"]
+                    label_ids.append(label_id)
+                    label_map[name_lower] = label_id
+
+                    # Invalidate cache to force refresh on next access
+                    if self._labels_cache is not None:
+                        await self._labels_cache.clear()
+
+                    logger.info(
+                        f"[Tier 2] Found stale label '{name}' on server (ID: {label_id}), "
+                        "invalidated cache for refresh"
+                    )
+                else:
+                    # Tier 3: Label truly doesn't exist - create it
+                    # Propagate exceptions for fail-fast behavior (1M-396)
+                    new_label_id = await self._create_label(name, team_id)
+                    label_ids.append(new_label_id)
+                    # Update local map for subsequent labels in same call
+                    label_map[name_lower] = new_label_id
+                    logger.info(
+                        f"[Tier 3] Created new label '{name}' with ID: {new_label_id}"
+                    )
+
+        return label_ids
+
+    async def _resolve_label_ids(self, label_names: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        """Resolve label names to Linear label IDs, creating labels if needed.
+
+        This method wraps _ensure_labels_exist for backward compatibility.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            label_names: List of label names
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            List of Linear label IDs
+
+        """
+        return await self._ensure_labels_exist(label_names)
+
+    def _get_state_mapping(self) -> dict[TicketState, str]:
+        """Get mapping from universal states to Linear workflow state IDs.
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Dictionary mapping TicketState to Linear state ID (UUID)
+
+        """
+        if not self._workflow_states:
+            # Return type-based mapping if states not loaded
+            return {
+                TicketState.OPEN: "unstarted",
+                TicketState.IN_PROGRESS: "started",
+                TicketState.READY: "unstarted",
+                TicketState.TESTED: "started",
+                TicketState.DONE: "completed",
+                TicketState.CLOSED: "canceled",
+                TicketState.WAITING: "unstarted",
+                TicketState.BLOCKED: "unstarted",
+            }
+
+        # Return ID-based mapping using cached workflow states
+        # _workflow_states is keyed by universal_state.value (e.g., "open")
+        # and contains state UUIDs directly
+        mapping = {}
+        for universal_state in TicketState:
+            state_uuid = self._workflow_states.get(universal_state.value)
+            if state_uuid:
+                mapping[universal_state] = state_uuid
+            else:
+                # Fallback to type name if state not found in cache
+                linear_type = LinearStateMapping.TO_LINEAR.get(universal_state)
+                if linear_type:
+                    mapping[universal_state] = linear_type
+
+        return mapping
+
+    async def _get_user_id(self, user_identifier: str) -> str | None:
+        """Get Linear user ID from email, display name, or user ID.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            user_identifier: Email, display name, or user ID
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Linear user ID or None if not found
+
+        """
+        if not user_identifier:
+            return None
+
+        # Try email lookup first (most specific)
+        user = await self.client.get_user_by_email(user_identifier)
+        if user:
+            return user["id"]
+
+        # Try name search (displayName or full name)
+        users = await self.client.get_users_by_name(user_identifier)
+        if users:
+            if len(users) == 1:
+                # Exact match found
+                return users[0]["id"]
+            else:
+                # Multiple matches - try exact match
+                for u in users:
+                    if (
+                        u.get("displayName", "").lower() == user_identifier.lower()
+                        or u.get("name", "").lower() == user_identifier.lower()
+                    ):
+                        return u["id"]
+
+                # No exact match - log ambiguity and return first
+                logging.getLogger(__name__).warning(
+                    f"Multiple users match '{user_identifier}': "
+                    f"{[u.get('displayName', u.get('name')) for u in users]}. "
+                    f"Using first match: {users[0].get('displayName')}"
+                )
+                return users[0]["id"]
+
+        # Assume it's already a user ID
+        return user_identifier
+
+    # CRUD Operations
+
+    async def create(self, ticket: Epic | Task) -> Epic | Task:
+        """Create a new Linear issue or project with full field support.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            ticket: Epic or Task to create
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Created ticket with populated ID and metadata
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If credentials are invalid or creation fails
+
+        """
+        # Validate credentials before attempting operation
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        # Ensure adapter is initialized
+        await self.initialize()
+
+        # Handle Epic creation (Linear Projects)
+        if isinstance(ticket, Epic):
+            return await self._create_epic(ticket)
+
+        # Handle Task creation (Linear Issues)
+        return await self._create_task(ticket)
+
+    async def _create_task(self, task: Task) -> Task:
+        """Create a Linear issue or sub-issue from a Task.
+
+        Creates a top-level issue when task.parent_issue is not set, or a
+        sub-issue (child of another issue) when task.parent_issue is provided.
+        In Linear terminology:
+        - Issue: Top-level work item (no parent)
+        - Sub-issue: Child work item (has parent issue)
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            task: Task to create
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Created task with Linear metadata
+
+        """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
+
+        # Validate team_id before creating issue
+        if not team_id:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot create Linear issue without team_id. "
+                "Ensure LINEAR_TEAM_KEY is configured correctly."
+            )
+
+        # Build issue input using mapper
+        issue_input = build_linear_issue_input(task, team_id)
+
+        # Set default state if not provided
+        # Map OPEN to "unstarted" state (typically "To-Do" in Linear)
+        if task.state == TicketState.OPEN and self._workflow_states:
+            state_mapping = self._get_state_mapping()
+            if TicketState.OPEN in state_mapping:
+                issue_input["stateId"] = state_mapping[TicketState.OPEN]
+
+        # Resolve assignee to user ID if provided
+        # Use configured default user if no assignee specified
+        assignee = task.assignee
+        if not assignee and self.user_email:
+            assignee = self.user_email
+            logger.debug(f"Using default assignee from config: {assignee}")
+
+        if assignee:
+            user_id = await self._get_user_id(assignee)
+            if user_id:
+                issue_input["assigneeId"] = user_id
+
+        # Resolve label names to IDs if provided
+        if task.tags:
+            label_ids = await self._resolve_label_ids(task.tags)
+            if label_ids:
+                issue_input["labelIds"] = label_ids
+            else:
+                # Remove labelIds if no labels resolved
+                issue_input.pop("labelIds", None)
+
+        # Resolve project ID if parent_epic is provided (supports slug, name, short ID, or URL)
+        if task.parent_epic:
+            project_id = await self._resolve_project_id(task.parent_epic)
+            if project_id:
+                # Validate team-project association before assigning
+                is_valid, _ = await self._validate_project_team_association(
+                    project_id, team_id
+                )
+
+                if not is_valid:
+                    # Attempt to add team to project automatically
+                    logging.getLogger(__name__).info(
+                        f"Team {team_id} not associated with project {project_id}. "
+                        f"Attempting to add team to project..."
+                    )
+                    success = await self._ensure_team_in_project(project_id, team_id)
+
+                    if success:
+                        issue_input["projectId"] = project_id
+                        logging.getLogger(__name__).info(
+                            "Successfully associated team with project. "
+                            "Issue will be assigned to project."
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        logging.getLogger(__name__).warning(
+                            "Could not associate team with project. "
+                            "Issue will be created without project assignment. "
+                            "Manual assignment required."
+                        )
+                        issue_input.pop("projectId", None)
+                else:
+                    # Team already associated - safe to assign
+                    issue_input["projectId"] = project_id
+            else:
+                # Log warning but don't fail - user may have provided invalid project
+                logging.getLogger(__name__).warning(
+                    f"Could not resolve project identifier '{task.parent_epic}' to UUID. "
+                    "Issue will be created without project assignment."
+                )
+                # Remove projectId if we couldn't resolve it
+                issue_input.pop("projectId", None)
+
+        # Resolve parent issue ID if provided (creates a sub-issue when parent is set)
+        # Supports identifiers like "ENG-842" or UUIDs
+        if task.parent_issue:
+            issue_id = await self._resolve_issue_id(task.parent_issue)
+            if issue_id:
+                issue_input["parentId"] = issue_id
+            else:
+                # Log warning but don't fail - user may have provided invalid issue
+                logging.getLogger(__name__).warning(
+                    f"Could not resolve issue identifier '{task.parent_issue}' to UUID. "
+                    "Sub-issue will be created without parent assignment."
+                )
+                # Remove parentId if we couldn't resolve it
+                issue_input.pop("parentId", None)
+
+        # Validate labelIds are proper UUIDs before sending to Linear API
+        # Bug Fix (v1.1.1): This validation prevents "Argument Validation Error"
+        # by ensuring labelIds contains UUIDs (e.g., "uuid-1"), not names (e.g., "bug").
+        # Linear's GraphQL API requires labelIds to be [String!]! (non-null array of
+        # non-null UUID strings). If tag names leak through, we detect and remove them
+        # here to prevent API errors.
+        #
+        # See: docs/TROUBLESHOOTING.md#issue-argument-validation-error-when-creating-issues-with-labels
+        if "labelIds" in issue_input:
+            invalid_labels = []
+            for label_id in issue_input["labelIds"]:
+                # Linear UUIDs are 36 characters with hyphens (8-4-4-4-12 format)
+                if not isinstance(label_id, str) or len(label_id) != 36:
+                    invalid_labels.append(label_id)
+
+            if invalid_labels:
+                logging.getLogger(__name__).error(
+                    f"Invalid label ID format detected: {invalid_labels}. "
+                    f"Labels must be UUIDs (36 chars), not names. Removing labelIds from request."
+                )
+                issue_input.pop("labelIds")
+
+        # Debug logging: Log mutation input before execution for troubleshooting
+        logger.debug(
+            "Creating Linear issue with input: %s",
+            {
+                "title": task.title,
+                "teamId": team_id,
+                "projectId": issue_input.get("projectId"),
+                "parentId": issue_input.get("parentId"),
+                "stateId": issue_input.get("stateId"),
+                "priority": issue_input.get("priority"),
+                "labelIds": issue_input.get("labelIds"),
+                "assigneeId": issue_input.get("assigneeId"),
+                "hasDescription": bool(task.description),
+            },
+        )
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
+                CREATE_ISSUE_MUTATION, {"input": issue_input}
+            )
+
+            if not result["issueCreate"]["success"]:
+                item_type = "sub-issue" if task.parent_issue else "issue"
+                raise ValueError(f"Failed to create Linear {item_type}")
+
+            created_issue = result["issueCreate"]["issue"]
+            return map_linear_issue_to_task(created_issue)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            item_type = "sub-issue" if task.parent_issue else "issue"
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to create Linear {item_type}: {e}") from e
+
+    async def _create_epic(self, epic: Epic) -> Epic:
+        """Create a Linear project from an Epic.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            epic: Epic to create
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Created epic with Linear metadata
+
+        """
+        team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
+
+        # Validate team_id before creating teamIds array
+        if not team_id:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot create Linear project without team_id. "
+                "Ensure LINEAR_TEAM_KEY is configured correctly."
+            )
+
+        project_input = {
+            "name": epic.title,
+            "teamIds": [team_id],
+        }
+
+        if epic.description:
+            # Validate description length (Linear limit: 255 chars for project description)
+            # Matches validation in update_epic() for consistency
+            from mcp_ticketer.core.validators import FieldValidator, ValidationError
+
+            try:
+                validated_description = FieldValidator.validate_field(
+                    "linear", "epic_description", epic.description, truncate=False
+                )
+                project_input["description"] = validated_description
+            except ValidationError as e:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Epic description validation failed: {e}. "
+                    f"Linear projects have a 255 character limit for descriptions. "
+                    f"Current length: {len(epic.description)} characters."
+                ) from e
+
+        # Debug logging: Log mutation input before execution for troubleshooting
+        logging.getLogger(__name__).debug(
+            "Creating Linear project with input: %s",
+            {
+                "name": epic.title,
+                "teamIds": [team_id],
+                "hasDescription": bool(project_input.get("description")),
+                "leadId": project_input.get("leadId"),
+            },
+        )
+
+        # Create project mutation
+        create_query = """
+            mutation CreateProject($input: ProjectCreateInput!) {
+                projectCreate(input: $input) {
+                    success
+                    project {
+                        id
+                        name
+                        description
+                        state
+                        createdAt
+                        updatedAt
+                        url
+                        icon
+                        color
+                        targetDate
+                        startedAt
+                        completedAt
+                        teams {
+                            nodes {
+                                id
+                                name
+                                key
+                                description
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
+                create_query, {"input": project_input}
+            )
+
+            if not result["projectCreate"]["success"]:
+                raise ValueError("Failed to create Linear project")
+
+            created_project = result["projectCreate"]["project"]
             return map_linear_project_to_epic(created_project)
 
         except Exception as e:
-            raise ValueError(f"Failed to create Linear project: {e}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to create Linear project: {e}") from e
+
+    async def update_epic(self, epic_id: str, updates: dict[str, Any]) -> Epic | None:
+        """Update a Linear project (Epic) with specified fields.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            epic_id: Linear project UUID or slug-shortid
+            updates: Dictionary of fields to update. Supported fields:
+                - title: Project name
+                - description: Project description
+                - state: Project state (e.g., "planned", "started", "completed", "canceled")
+                - target_date: Target completion date (ISO format YYYY-MM-DD)
+                - color: Project color
+                - icon: Project icon
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Updated Epic object or None if not found
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If update fails or project not found
+
+        """
+        # Validate credentials before attempting operation
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        # Resolve project identifier to UUID if needed
+        project_uuid = await self._resolve_project_id(epic_id)
+        if not project_uuid:
+            raise ValueError(f"Project '{epic_id}' not found")
+
+        # Validate field lengths before building update input
+        from mcp_ticketer.core.validators import FieldValidator, ValidationError
+
+        # Build update input from updates dict
+        update_input = {}
+
+        if "title" in updates:
+            try:
+                validated_title = FieldValidator.validate_field(
+                    "linear", "epic_name", updates["title"], truncate=False
+                )
+                update_input["name"] = validated_title
+            except ValidationError as e:
+                raise ValueError(str(e)) from e
+
+        if "description" in updates:
+            try:
+                validated_description = FieldValidator.validate_field(
+                    "linear", "epic_description", updates["description"], truncate=False
+                )
+                update_input["description"] = validated_description
+            except ValidationError as e:
+                raise ValueError(str(e)) from e
+        if "state" in updates:
+            update_input["state"] = updates["state"]
+        if "target_date" in updates:
+            update_input["targetDate"] = updates["target_date"]
+        if "color" in updates:
+            update_input["color"] = updates["color"]
+        if "icon" in updates:
+            update_input["icon"] = updates["icon"]
+
+        # Debug logging: Log mutation input before execution for troubleshooting
+        logging.getLogger(__name__).debug(
+            "Updating Linear project %s with input: %s",
+            epic_id,
+            {
+                "name": update_input.get("name"),
+                "hasDescription": bool(update_input.get("description")),
+                "state": update_input.get("state"),
+                "targetDate": update_input.get("targetDate"),
+                "color": update_input.get("color"),
+                "icon": update_input.get("icon"),
+            },
+        )
+
+        # ProjectUpdate mutation
+        update_query = """
+            mutation UpdateProject($id: String!, $input: ProjectUpdateInput!) {
+                projectUpdate(id: $id, input: $input) {
+                    success
+                    project {
+                        id
+                        name
+                        description
+                        state
+                        createdAt
+                        updatedAt
+                        url
+                        icon
+                        color
+                        targetDate
+                        startedAt
+                        completedAt
+                        teams {
+                            nodes {
+                                id
+                                name
+                                key
+                                description
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
+                update_query, {"id": project_uuid, "input": update_input}
+            )
+
+            if not result["projectUpdate"]["success"]:
+                raise ValueError(f"Failed to update Linear project '{epic_id}'")
+
+            updated_project = result["projectUpdate"]["project"]
+            return map_linear_project_to_epic(updated_project)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to update Linear project: {e}") from e
+
+    async def read(self, ticket_id: str) -> Task | Epic | None:
+        """Read a Linear issue OR project by identifier with full details.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            ticket_id: Linear issue identifier (e.g., 'BTA-123') or project UUID
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Task with full details if issue found,
+            Epic with full details if project found,
+            None if not found
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If ticket_id is a view URL (views are not supported in ticket_read)
+
+        """
+        # Validate credentials before attempting operation
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        # Try reading as an issue first (most common case)
+        query = (
+            ALL_FRAGMENTS
+            + """
+            query GetIssue($identifier: String!) {
+                issue(id: $identifier) {
+                    ...IssueFullFields
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        )
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(query, {"identifier": ticket_id})
+
+            if result.get("issue"):
+                return map_linear_issue_to_task(result["issue"])
+
+        except Exception:
+            # Not found as issue, continue to project/view check
+            pass
+
+        # If not found as issue, try reading as project
+        try:
+            project_data = await self.get_project(ticket_id)
+            if project_data:
+                # Fetch project's issues to populate child_issues field
+                issues = await self._get_project_issues(ticket_id)
+
+                # Map to Epic
+                epic = map_linear_project_to_epic(project_data)
+
+                # Populate child_issues with issue IDs
+                epic.child_issues = [issue.id for issue in issues]
+
+                return epic
+        except Exception:
+            # Not found as project either
+            pass
+
+        # If not found as issue or project, check if it's a view URL
+        # Views are collections of issues, not individual tickets
+        logging.debug(
+            f"[VIEW DEBUG] read() checking if ticket_id is a view: {ticket_id}"
+        )
+        try:
+            view_data = await self._get_custom_view(ticket_id)
+            logging.debug(f"[VIEW DEBUG] read() _get_custom_view returned: {view_data}")
+
+            if view_data:
+                logging.debug(
+                    "[VIEW DEBUG] read() view_data is truthy, preparing to raise ValueError"
+                )
+                # View found - raise informative error
+                view_name = view_data.get("name", "Unknown")
+                issues_data = view_data.get("issues", {})
+                issue_count = len(issues_data.get("nodes", []))
+                has_more = issues_data.get("pageInfo", {}).get("hasNextPage", False)
+                count_str = f"{issue_count}+" if has_more else str(issue_count)
+
+                logging.debug(
+                    f"[VIEW DEBUG] read() raising ValueError with view_name={view_name}, count={count_str}"
+                )
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Linear view URLs are not supported in ticket_read.\n"
+                    f"\n"
+                    f"View: '{view_name}' ({ticket_id})\n"
+                    f"This view contains {count_str} issues.\n"
+                    f"\n"
+                    f"Use ticket_list or ticket_search to query issues instead."
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.debug("[VIEW DEBUG] read() view_data is falsy (None or empty)")
+        except ValueError:
+            # Re-raise ValueError (our informative error message)
+            logging.debug("[VIEW DEBUG] read() re-raising ValueError")
+            raise
+        except Exception as e:
+            # View query failed - not a view
+            logging.debug(
+                f"[VIEW DEBUG] read() caught exception in view check: {type(e).__name__}: {str(e)}"
+            )
+            pass
+
+        # Not found as either issue, project, or view
+        logging.debug(
+            "[VIEW DEBUG] read() returning None - not found as issue, project, or view"
+        )
+        return None
+
+    async def update(self, ticket_id: str, updates: dict[str, Any]) -> Task | None:
+        """Update a Linear issue with comprehensive field support.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            ticket_id: Linear issue identifier
+            updates: Dictionary of fields to update
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Updated task or None if not found
+
+        """
+        # Validate credentials before attempting operation
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        # Ensure adapter is initialized (loads workflow states for state transitions)
+        await self.initialize()
+
+        # First get the Linear internal ID
+        id_query = """
+            query GetIssueId($identifier: String!) {
+                issue(id: $identifier) {
+                    id
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(
+                id_query, {"identifier": ticket_id}
+            )
+
+            if not result.get("issue"):
+                return None
+
+            linear_id = result["issue"]["id"]
+
+            # Build update input using mapper
+            update_input = build_linear_issue_update_input(updates)
+
+            # Handle state transitions
+            if "state" in updates:
+                target_state = (
+                    TicketState(updates["state"])
+                    if isinstance(updates["state"], str)
+                    else updates["state"]
+                )
+                state_mapping = self._get_state_mapping()
+                if target_state in state_mapping:
+                    update_input["stateId"] = state_mapping[target_state]
+
+            # Resolve assignee to user ID if provided
+            if "assignee" in updates and updates["assignee"]:
+                user_id = await self._get_user_id(updates["assignee"])
+                if user_id:
+                    update_input["assigneeId"] = user_id
+
+            # Resolve label names to IDs if provided
+            if "tags" in updates:
+                if updates["tags"]:  # Non-empty list
+                    try:
+                        label_ids = await self._resolve_label_ids(updates["tags"])
+                        if label_ids:
+                            update_input["labelIds"] = label_ids
+                    except ValueError as e:
+                        # Label creation failed - provide clear error message (1M-396)
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            f"Failed to update labels for issue {ticket_id}. "
+                            f"Label creation error: {e}. "
+                            f"Tip: Use the 'label_list' tool to check existing labels, "
+                            f"or verify you have permissions to create new labels."
+                        ) from e
+                else:  # Empty list = remove all labels
+                    update_input["labelIds"] = []
+
+            # Resolve project ID if parent_epic is provided (supports slug, name, short ID, or URL)
+            if "parent_epic" in updates and updates["parent_epic"]:
+                project_id = await self._resolve_project_id(updates["parent_epic"])
+                if project_id:
+                    update_input["projectId"] = project_id
+                else:
+                    logging.getLogger(__name__).warning(
+                        f"Could not resolve project identifier '{updates['parent_epic']}'"
+                    )
+
+            # Validate labelIds are proper UUIDs before sending to Linear API
+            if "labelIds" in update_input and update_input["labelIds"]:
+                invalid_labels = []
+                for label_id in update_input["labelIds"]:
+                    # Linear UUIDs are 36 characters with hyphens (8-4-4-4-12 format)
+                    if not isinstance(label_id, str) or len(label_id) != 36:
+                        invalid_labels.append(label_id)
+
+                if invalid_labels:
+                    logging.getLogger(__name__).error(
+                        f"Invalid label ID format detected in update: {invalid_labels}. "
+                        f"Labels must be UUIDs (36 chars), not names. Removing labelIds from request."
+                    )
+                    update_input.pop("labelIds")
+
+            # Execute update
+            result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
+                UPDATE_ISSUE_MUTATION, {"id": linear_id, "input": update_input}
+            )
+
+            if not result["issueUpdate"]["success"]:
+                raise ValueError("Failed to update Linear issue")
+
+            updated_issue = result["issueUpdate"]["issue"]
+            return map_linear_issue_to_task(updated_issue)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to update Linear issue: {e}") from e
+
+    async def delete(self, ticket_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Delete a Linear issue (archive it).
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            ticket_id: Linear issue identifier
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            True if successfully deleted/archived
+
+        """
+        # Linear doesn't support true deletion, so we archive the issue
+        try:
+            result = await self.update(ticket_id, {"archived": True})
+            return result is not None
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+
+    async def list(
+        self,
+        limit: int = 20,
+        offset: int = 0,
+        filters: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        compact: bool = False,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any] | builtins.list[Task]:
+        """List Linear issues with optional filtering and compact output.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            limit: Maximum number of issues to return (default: 20, max: 100)
+            offset: Number of issues to skip (Note: Linear uses cursor-based pagination)
+            filters: Optional filters (state, assignee, priority, etc.)
+            compact: Return compact format for token efficiency (default: False for backward compatibility)
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            When compact=True: Dictionary with items and pagination metadata
+            When compact=False: List of Task objects (backward compatible, default)
+
+        Design Decision: Backward Compatible Default (1M-554)
+        ------------------------------------------------------
+        Rationale: Backward compatibility prioritized to avoid breaking existing code.
+        Compact mode available via explicit compact=True for new code.
+
+        Default compact=False maintains existing return type (list[Task]).
+        Users can opt-in to compact mode for 77% token reduction.
+
+        Recommended: Use compact=True for new code to reduce token usage by ~77%.
+
+        """
+        # Validate credentials
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        await self.initialize()
+        team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
+
+        # Validate team_id before filtering
+        if not team_id:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot list Linear issues without team_id. "
+                "Ensure LINEAR_TEAM_KEY is configured correctly."
+            )
+
+        # Enforce maximum limit to prevent excessive responses
+        if limit > 100:
+            limit = 100
+
+        # Build issue filter
+        issue_filter = build_issue_filter(
+            team_id=team_id,
+            state=filters.get("state") if filters else None,
+            priority=filters.get("priority") if filters else None,
+            include_archived=(
+                filters.get("includeArchived", False) if filters else False
+            ),
+        )
+
+        # Add additional filters
+        if filters:
+            if "assignee" in filters:
+                user_id = await self._get_user_id(filters["assignee"])
+                if user_id:
+                    issue_filter["assignee"] = {"id": {"eq": user_id}}
+
+            # Support parent_issue filter for listing children (critical for parent state constraints)
+            if "parent_issue" in filters:
+                parent_id = await self._resolve_issue_id(filters["parent_issue"])
+                if parent_id:
+                    issue_filter["parent"] = {"id": {"eq": parent_id}}
+
+            if "created_after" in filters:
+                issue_filter["createdAt"] = {"gte": filters["created_after"]}
+            if "updated_after" in filters:
+                issue_filter["updatedAt"] = {"gte": filters["updated_after"]}
+            if "due_before" in filters:
+                issue_filter["dueDate"] = {"lte": filters["due_before"]}
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(
+                LIST_ISSUES_QUERY, {"filter": issue_filter, "first": limit}
+            )
+
+            tasks = []
+            for issue in result["issues"]["nodes"]:
+                tasks.append(map_linear_issue_to_task(issue))
+
+            # Return compact format with pagination metadata
+            if compact:
+                from .mappers import task_to_compact_format
+
+                compact_items = [task_to_compact_format(task) for task in tasks]
+                return {
+                    "status": "success",
+                    "items": compact_items,
+                    "pagination": {
+                        "total_returned": len(compact_items),
+                        "limit": limit,
+                        "offset": offset,
+                        "has_more": len(tasks)
+                        == limit,  # Heuristic: full page likely means more
+                    },
+                }
+
+            # Backward compatible: return list of Task objects
+            return tasks
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to list Linear issues: {e}") from e
+
+    async def search(self, query: SearchQuery) -> builtins.list[Task]:
+        """Search Linear issues using comprehensive filters.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            query: Search query with filters and criteria
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            List of tasks matching the search criteria
+
+        """
+        # Validate credentials
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        await self.initialize()
+        team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
+
+        # Validate team_id before searching
+        if not team_id:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot search Linear issues without team_id. "
+                "Ensure LINEAR_TEAM_KEY is configured correctly."
+            )
+
+        # Build comprehensive issue filter
+        issue_filter = {"team": {"id": {"eq": team_id}}}
+
+        # Text search (Linear supports full-text search)
+        if query.query:
+            # Linear's search is quite sophisticated, but we'll use a simple approach
+            # In practice, you might want to use Linear's search API endpoint
+            issue_filter["title"] = {"containsIgnoreCase": query.query}
+
+        # State filter
+        # Bug fix: Handle OPEN state specially to include both unstarted AND backlog
+        # tickets, as both Linear states map to TicketState.OPEN
+        if query.state:
+            if query.state == TicketState.OPEN:
+                # Include both "unstarted" and "backlog" states for OPEN
+                issue_filter["state"] = {"type": {"in": ["unstarted", "backlog"]}}
+            else:
+                state_type = get_linear_state_type(query.state)
+                issue_filter["state"] = {"type": {"eq": state_type}}
+
+        # Priority filter
+        if query.priority:
+            linear_priority = get_linear_priority(query.priority)
+            issue_filter["priority"] = {"eq": linear_priority}
+
+        # Assignee filter
+        if query.assignee:
+            user_id = await self._get_user_id(query.assignee)
+            if user_id:
+                issue_filter["assignee"] = {"id": {"eq": user_id}}
+
+        # Project filter (Bug fix: Add support for filtering by project/epic)
+        if query.project:
+            # Resolve project ID (supports ID, name, or URL)
+            project_id = await self._resolve_project_id(query.project)
+            if project_id:
+                issue_filter["project"] = {"id": {"eq": project_id}}
+
+        # Tags filter (labels in Linear)
+        if query.tags:
+            issue_filter["labels"] = {"some": {"name": {"in": query.tags}}}
+
+        # Exclude archived by default
+        issue_filter["archivedAt"] = {"null": True}
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(
+                SEARCH_ISSUES_QUERY, {"filter": issue_filter, "first": query.limit}
+            )
+
+            tasks = []
+            for issue in result["issues"]["nodes"]:
+                tasks.append(map_linear_issue_to_task(issue))
+
+            return tasks
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to search Linear issues: {e}") from e
+
+    async def transition_state(
+        self, ticket_id: str, target_state: TicketState
+    ) -> Task | None:
+        """Transition Linear issue to new state with workflow validation.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            ticket_id: Linear issue identifier
+            target_state: Target state to transition to
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Updated task or None if transition failed
+
+        """
+        # Validate transition
+        if not await self.validate_transition(ticket_id, target_state):
+            return None
+
+        # Update state
+        return await self.update(ticket_id, {"state": target_state})
+
+    async def validate_transition(
+        self, ticket_id: str, target_state: TicketState
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Validate if state transition is allowed.
+
+        Delegates to BaseAdapter for:
+        - Workflow state machine validation
+        - Parent/child state constraint validation (from 1M-93 requirement)
+
+        The BaseAdapter implementation (core/adapter.py lines 312-370) ensures:
+        1. Valid workflow state transitions (OPEN → IN_PROGRESS → READY → etc.)
+        2. Parent issues maintain completion level ≥ max child completion level
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            ticket_id: Linear issue identifier
+            target_state: Target state to validate
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            True if transition is valid, False otherwise
+
+        """
+        # Call parent implementation for all validation logic
+        return await super().validate_transition(ticket_id, target_state)
+
+    async def add_comment(self, comment: Comment) -> Comment:
+        """Add a comment to a Linear issue.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            comment: Comment to add
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Created comment with ID
+
+        """
+        # First get the Linear internal ID
+        id_query = """
+            query GetIssueId($identifier: String!) {
+                issue(id: $identifier) {
+                    id
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(
+                id_query, {"identifier": comment.ticket_id}
+            )
+
+            if not result.get("issue"):
+                raise ValueError(f"Issue {comment.ticket_id} not found")
+
+            linear_id = result["issue"]["id"]
+
+            # Create comment mutation
+            create_comment_query = """
+                mutation CreateComment($input: CommentCreateInput!) {
+                    commentCreate(input: $input) {
+                        success
+                        comment {
+                            id
+                            body
+                            createdAt
+                            updatedAt
+                            user {
+                                id
+                                name
+                                email
+                                displayName
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            """
+
+            comment_input = {
+                "issueId": linear_id,
+                "body": comment.content,
+            }
+
+            result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
+                create_comment_query, {"input": comment_input}
+            )
+
+            if not result["commentCreate"]["success"]:
+                raise ValueError("Failed to create comment")
+
+            created_comment = result["commentCreate"]["comment"]
+            return map_linear_comment_to_comment(created_comment, comment.ticket_id)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to add comment: {e}") from e
+
+    async def get_comments(
+        self, ticket_id: str, limit: int = 10, offset: int = 0
+    ) -> builtins.list[Comment]:
+        """Get comments for a Linear issue.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            ticket_id: Linear issue identifier
+            limit: Maximum number of comments to return
+            offset: Number of comments to skip
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            List of comments for the issue
+
+        """
+        query = """
+            query GetIssueComments($identifier: String!, $first: Int!) {
+                issue(id: $identifier) {
+                    comments(first: $first) {
+                        nodes {
+                            id
+                            body
+                            createdAt
+                            updatedAt
+                            user {
+                                id
+                                name
+                                email
+                                displayName
+                                avatarUrl
+                            }
+                            parent {
+                                id
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(
+                query, {"identifier": ticket_id, "first": limit}
+            )
+
+            if not result.get("issue"):
+                return []
+
+            comments = []
+            for comment_data in result["issue"]["comments"]["nodes"]:
+                comments.append(map_linear_comment_to_comment(comment_data, ticket_id))
+
+            return comments
+
+        except Exception:
+            return []
+
+    async def list_labels(self) -> builtins.list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """List all labels available in the Linear team.
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            List of label dictionaries with 'id', 'name', and 'color' fields
+
+        """
+        # Get team ID for label operations
+        team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
+        # Validate team_id before loading labels
+        if not team_id:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot list Linear labels without team_id. "
+                "Ensure LINEAR_TEAM_KEY is configured correctly."
+            )
+
+        # Check cache for labels
+        cache_key = f"linear_labels:{team_id}"
+        cached_labels = await self._labels_cache.get(cache_key)
+
+        # Load labels if not cached
+        if cached_labels is None:
+            await self._load_team_labels(team_id)
+            cached_labels = await self._labels_cache.get(cache_key)
+
+        # Return cached labels or empty list if not available
+        if not cached_labels:
+            return []
+
+        # Transform to standardized format
+        return [
+            {
+                "id": label["id"],
+                "name": label["name"],
+                "color": label.get("color", ""),
+            }
+            for label in cached_labels
+        ]
+
+    async def invalidate_label_cache(self) -> None:
+        """Manually invalidate the label cache.
+
+        Useful when labels are modified externally or after creating new labels.
+        The cache will be automatically refreshed on the next label operation.
+
+        """
+        if self._labels_cache is not None:
+            await self._labels_cache.clear()
+
+    async def upload_file(self, file_path: str, mime_type: str | None = None) -> str:
+        """Upload a file to Linear's storage and return the asset URL.
+
+        This method implements Linear's three-step file upload process:
+        1. Request a pre-signed upload URL via fileUpload mutation
+        2. Upload the file to S3 using the pre-signed URL
+        3. Return the asset URL for use in attachments
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            file_path: Path to the file to upload
+            mime_type: MIME type of the file. If None, will be auto-detected.
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Asset URL that can be used with attachmentCreate mutation
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If file doesn't exist, upload fails, or httpx not available
+            FileNotFoundError: If the specified file doesn't exist
+
+        """
+        if httpx is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "httpx library not installed. Install with: pip install httpx"
+            )
+
+        # Validate file exists
+        file_path_obj = Path(file_path)
+        if not file_path_obj.exists():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"File not found: {file_path}")
+        if not file_path_obj.is_file():
+            raise ValueError(f"Path is not a file: {file_path}")
+
+        # Get file info
+        file_size = file_path_obj.stat().st_size
+        filename = file_path_obj.name
+
+        # Auto-detect MIME type if not provided
+        if mime_type is None:
+            mime_type, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)
+            if mime_type is None:
+                # Default to binary if can't detect
+                mime_type = "application/octet-stream"
+
+        # Step 1: Request pre-signed upload URL
+        upload_mutation = """
+            mutation FileUpload($contentType: String!, $filename: String!, $size: Int!) {
+                fileUpload(contentType: $contentType, filename: $filename, size: $size) {
+                    success
+                    uploadFile {
+                        uploadUrl
+                        assetUrl
+                        headers {
+                            key
+                            value
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
+                upload_mutation,
+                {
+                    "contentType": mime_type,
+                    "filename": filename,
+                    "size": file_size,
+                },
+            )
+
+            if not result["fileUpload"]["success"]:
+                raise ValueError("Failed to get upload URL from Linear API")
+
+            upload_file_data = result["fileUpload"]["uploadFile"]
+            upload_url = upload_file_data["uploadUrl"]
+            asset_url = upload_file_data["assetUrl"]
+            headers_list = upload_file_data.get("headers", [])
+
+            # Convert headers list to dict
+            upload_headers = {h["key"]: h["value"] for h in headers_list}
+            # Add Content-Type header
+            upload_headers["Content-Type"] = mime_type
+
+            # Step 2: Upload file to S3 using pre-signed URL
+            async with httpx.AsyncClient() as http_client:
+                with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
+                    file_content = f.read()
+
+                response = await http_client.put(
+                    upload_url,
+                    content=file_content,
+                    headers=upload_headers,
+                    timeout=60.0,  # 60 second timeout for large files
+                )
+
+                if response.status_code not in (200, 201, 204):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"Failed to upload file to S3. Status: {response.status_code}, "
+                        f"Response: {response.text}"
+                    )
+
+            # Step 3: Return asset URL
+            logging.getLogger(__name__).info(
+                f"Successfully uploaded file '{filename}' ({file_size} bytes) to Linear"
+            )
+            return asset_url
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to upload file '{filename}': {e}") from e
+
+    async def attach_file_to_issue(
+        self,
+        issue_id: str,
+        file_url: str,
+        title: str,
+        subtitle: str | None = None,
+        comment_body: str | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Attach a file to a Linear issue.
+
+        The file must already be uploaded using upload_file() or be a publicly
+        accessible URL.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            issue_id: Linear issue identifier (e.g., "ENG-842") or UUID
+            file_url: URL of the file (from upload_file() or external URL)
+            title: Title for the attachment
+            subtitle: Optional subtitle for the attachment
+            comment_body: Optional comment text to include with the attachment
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Dictionary with attachment details including id, title, url, etc.
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If attachment creation fails or issue not found
+
+        """
+        # Resolve issue identifier to UUID
+        issue_uuid = await self._resolve_issue_id(issue_id)
+        if not issue_uuid:
+            raise ValueError(f"Issue '{issue_id}' not found")
+
+        # Build attachment input
+        attachment_input: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "issueId": issue_uuid,
+            "title": title,
+            "url": file_url,
+        }
+
+        if subtitle:
+            attachment_input["subtitle"] = subtitle
+
+        if comment_body:
+            attachment_input["commentBody"] = comment_body
+
+        # Create attachment mutation
+        attachment_mutation = """
+            mutation AttachmentCreate($input: AttachmentCreateInput!) {
+                attachmentCreate(input: $input) {
+                    success
+                    attachment {
+                        id
+                        title
+                        url
+                        subtitle
+                        metadata
+                        createdAt
+                        updatedAt
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
+                attachment_mutation, {"input": attachment_input}
+            )
+
+            if not result["attachmentCreate"]["success"]:
+                raise ValueError(f"Failed to attach file to issue '{issue_id}'")
+
+            attachment = result["attachmentCreate"]["attachment"]
+            logging.getLogger(__name__).info(
+                f"Successfully attached file '{title}' to issue '{issue_id}'"
+            )
+            return attachment
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to attach file to issue '{issue_id}': {e}") from e
+
+    async def attach_file_to_epic(
+        self,
+        epic_id: str,
+        file_url: str,
+        title: str,
+        subtitle: str | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Attach a file to a Linear project (Epic).
+
+        The file must already be uploaded using upload_file() or be a publicly
+        accessible URL.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            epic_id: Linear project UUID or slug-shortid
+            file_url: URL of the file (from upload_file() or external URL)
+            title: Title for the attachment
+            subtitle: Optional subtitle for the attachment
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Dictionary with attachment details including id, title, url, etc.
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If attachment creation fails or project not found
+
+        """
+        # Resolve project identifier to UUID
+        project_uuid = await self._resolve_project_id(epic_id)
+        if not project_uuid:
+            raise ValueError(f"Project '{epic_id}' not found")
+
+        # Build attachment input (use projectId instead of issueId)
+        attachment_input: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "projectId": project_uuid,
+            "title": title,
+            "url": file_url,
+        }
+
+        if subtitle:
+            attachment_input["subtitle"] = subtitle
+
+        # Create attachment mutation (same as for issues)
+        attachment_mutation = """
+            mutation AttachmentCreate($input: AttachmentCreateInput!) {
+                attachmentCreate(input: $input) {
+                    success
+                    attachment {
+                        id
+                        title
+                        url
+                        subtitle
+                        metadata
+                        createdAt
+                        updatedAt
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
+                attachment_mutation, {"input": attachment_input}
+            )
+
+            if not result["attachmentCreate"]["success"]:
+                raise ValueError(f"Failed to attach file to project '{epic_id}'")
+
+            attachment = result["attachmentCreate"]["attachment"]
+            logging.getLogger(__name__).info(
+                f"Successfully attached file '{title}' to project '{epic_id}'"
+            )
+            return attachment
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Failed to attach file to project '{epic_id}': {e}"
+            ) from e
+
+    async def get_attachments(self, ticket_id: str) -> builtins.list[Attachment]:
+        """Get all attachments for a Linear issue or project.
+
+        This method retrieves attachment metadata from Linear's GraphQL API.
+        Note that Linear attachment URLs require authentication to access.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            ticket_id: Linear issue identifier (e.g., "ENG-842") or project UUID
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            List of Attachment objects with metadata
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If credentials are invalid
+
+        Authentication Note:
+        -------------------
+            Linear attachment URLs require authentication headers:
+            Authorization: Bearer {api_key}
+
+            URLs are in format: https://files.linear.app/workspace/attachment-id/filename
+            Direct access without authentication will return 401 Unauthorized.
+
+        """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        # Validate credentials
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        # Try as issue first (most common case)
+        issue_uuid = await self._resolve_issue_id(ticket_id)
+
+        if issue_uuid:
+            # Query issue attachments
+            query = """
+                query GetIssueAttachments($issueId: String!) {
+                    issue(id: $issueId) {
+                        id
+                        identifier
+                        attachments {
+                            nodes {
+                                id
+                                title
+                                url
+                                subtitle
+                                metadata
+                                createdAt
+                                updatedAt
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            """
+
+            try:
+                result = await self.client.execute_query(query, {"issueId": issue_uuid})
+
+                if not result.get("issue"):
+                    logger.warning(f"Issue {ticket_id} not found")
+                    return []
+
+                attachments_data = (
+                    result["issue"].get("attachments", {}).get("nodes", [])
+                )
+
+                # Map to Attachment objects using identifier (not UUID)
+                return [
+                    map_linear_attachment_to_attachment(att, ticket_id)
+                    for att in attachments_data
+                ]
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Failed to get attachments for issue {ticket_id}: {e}")
+                return []
+
+        # Try as project if not an issue
+        project_uuid = await self._resolve_project_id(ticket_id)
+
+        if project_uuid:
+            # Query project attachments (documents)
+            query = """
+                query GetProjectAttachments($projectId: String!) {
+                    project(id: $projectId) {
+                        id
+                        name
+                        documents {
+                            nodes {
+                                id
+                                title
+                                url
+                                createdAt
+                                updatedAt
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            """
+
+            try:
+                result = await self.client.execute_query(
+                    query, {"projectId": project_uuid}
+                )
+
+                if not result.get("project"):
+                    logger.warning(f"Project {ticket_id} not found")
+                    return []
+
+                documents_data = result["project"].get("documents", {}).get("nodes", [])
+
+                # Map documents to Attachment objects
+                return [
+                    map_linear_attachment_to_attachment(doc, ticket_id)
+                    for doc in documents_data
+                ]
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Failed to get attachments for project {ticket_id}: {e}")
+                return []
+
+        # Not found as either issue or project
+        logger.warning(f"Ticket {ticket_id} not found as issue or project")
+        return []
+
+    async def list_cycles(
+        self, team_id: str | None = None, limit: int = 50
+    ) -> builtins.list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """List Linear Cycles (Sprints) for the team.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            team_id: Linear team UUID. If None, uses the configured team.
+            limit: Maximum number of cycles to return (default: 50)
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            List of cycle dictionaries with fields:
+                - id: Cycle UUID
+                - name: Cycle name
+                - number: Cycle number
+                - startsAt: Start date (ISO format)
+                - endsAt: End date (ISO format)
+                - completedAt: Completion date (ISO format, None if not completed)
+                - progress: Progress percentage (0-1)
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If credentials are invalid or query fails
+
+        """
+        # Validate credentials
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        await self.initialize()
+
+        # Use configured team if not specified
+        if team_id is None:
+            team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
+
+        # Validate team_id before listing cycles
+        if not team_id:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot list Linear cycles without team_id. "
+                "Ensure LINEAR_TEAM_KEY is configured correctly."
+            )
+
+        try:
+            # Fetch all cycles with pagination
+            all_cycles: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+            has_next_page = True
+            after_cursor = None
+
+            while has_next_page and len(all_cycles) < limit:
+                # Calculate remaining items needed
+                remaining = limit - len(all_cycles)
+                page_size = min(remaining, 50)  # Linear max page size is typically 50
+
+                variables = {"teamId": team_id, "first": page_size}
+                if after_cursor:
+                    variables["after"] = after_cursor
+
+                result = await self.client.execute_query(LIST_CYCLES_QUERY, variables)
+
+                cycles_data = result.get("team", {}).get("cycles", {})
+                page_cycles = cycles_data.get("nodes", [])
+                page_info = cycles_data.get("pageInfo", {})
+
+                all_cycles.extend(page_cycles)
+                has_next_page = page_info.get("hasNextPage", False)
+                after_cursor = page_info.get("endCursor")
+
+            return all_cycles[:limit]  # Ensure we don't exceed limit
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to list Linear cycles: {e}") from e
 
-    async def read(self, ticket_id: str) -> Optional[Task]:
-        """Read a Linear issue by identifier with full details.
+    async def get_issue_status(self, issue_id: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """Get rich issue status information for a Linear issue.
 
         Args:
-            ticket_id: Linear issue identifier (e.g., 'BTA-123')
+        ----
+            issue_id: Linear issue identifier (e.g., 'BTA-123') or UUID
 
         Returns:
-            Task with full details or None if not found
+        -------
+            Dictionary with workflow state details:
+                - id: State UUID
+                - name: State name (e.g., "In Progress")
+                - type: State type (e.g., "started", "completed")
+                - color: State color (hex format)
+                - description: State description
+                - position: Position in workflow
+            Returns None if issue not found.
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If credentials are invalid or query fails
+
         """
-        # Validate credentials before attempting operation
+        # Validate credentials
         is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
         if not is_valid:
             raise ValueError(error_message)
 
-        query = ALL_FRAGMENTS + """
-            query GetIssue($identifier: String!) {
-                issue(id: $identifier) {
-                    ...IssueFullFields
-                }
-            }
+        await self.initialize()
+
+        # Resolve issue identifier to UUID if needed
+        issue_uuid = await self._resolve_issue_id(issue_id)
+        if not issue_uuid:
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(
+                GET_ISSUE_STATUS_QUERY, {"issueId": issue_uuid}
+            )
+
+            issue_data = result.get("issue")
+            if not issue_data:
+                return None
+
+            return issue_data.get("state")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to get issue status for '{issue_id}': {e}") from e
+
+    async def list_issue_statuses(
+        self, team_id: str | None = None
+    ) -> builtins.list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """List all workflow states for the team.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            team_id: Linear team UUID. If None, uses the configured team.
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            List of workflow state dictionaries with fields:
+                - id: State UUID
+                - name: State name (e.g., "Backlog", "In Progress", "Done")
+                - type: State type (e.g., "backlog", "unstarted", "started", "completed", "canceled")
+                - color: State color (hex format)
+                - description: State description
+                - position: Position in workflow (lower = earlier)
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If credentials are invalid or query fails
+
         """
+        # Validate credentials
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        await self.initialize()
+
+        # Use configured team if not specified
+        if team_id is None:
+            team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
+
+        # Validate team_id before listing statuses
+        if not team_id:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot list Linear issue statuses without team_id. "
+                "Ensure LINEAR_TEAM_KEY is configured correctly."
+            )
 
         try:
             result = await self.client.execute_query(
-                query,
-                {"identifier": ticket_id}
+                LIST_ISSUE_STATUSES_QUERY, {"teamId": team_id}
             )
 
-            if result.get("issue"):
-                return map_linear_issue_to_task(result["issue"])
+            states_data = result.get("team", {}).get("states", {})
+            states = states_data.get("nodes", [])
 
-        except TransportQueryError:
-            # Issue not found
-            pass
+            # Sort by position to maintain workflow order
+            states.sort(key=lambda s: s.get("position", 0))
 
-        return None
+            return states
 
-    async def update(self, ticket_id: str, updates: Dict[str, Any]) -> Optional[Task]:
-        """Update a Linear issue with comprehensive field support.
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to list workflow states: {e}") from e
+
+    async def list_epics(
+        self,
+        limit: int = 20,
+        offset: int = 0,
+        state: str | None = None,
+        include_completed: bool = True,
+        compact: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any] | builtins.list[Epic]:
+        """List Linear projects (epics) with efficient pagination and compact output.
 
         Args:
-            ticket_id: Linear issue identifier
-            updates: Dictionary of fields to update
+        ----
+            limit: Maximum number of projects to return (default: 20, max: 100)
+            offset: Number of projects to skip (note: Linear uses cursor-based pagination)
+            state: Filter by project state (e.g., "planned", "started", "completed", "canceled")
+            include_completed: Whether to include completed projects (default: True)
+            compact: Return compact format for token efficiency (default: False for backward compatibility)
+            **kwargs: Additional filter parameters (reserved for future use)
 
         Returns:
-            Updated task or None if not found
+        -------
+            When compact=True: Dictionary with items and pagination metadata
+            When compact=False: List of Epic objects (backward compatible, default)
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If credentials are invalid or query fails
+
+        Design Decision: Backward Compatible with Opt-in Compact Mode (1M-554)
+        ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+        Rationale: Reduced default limit from 50 to 20 to match list() behavior.
+        Compact mode provides ~77% token reduction when explicitly enabled.
+
+        Recommended: Use compact=True for new code to reduce token usage.
+
         """
-        # Validate credentials before attempting operation
+        # Validate credentials
         is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
         if not is_valid:
             raise ValueError(error_message)
 
-        # First get the Linear internal ID
-        id_query = """
-            query GetIssueId($identifier: String!) {
-                issue(id: $identifier) {
-                    id
+        await self.initialize()
+        team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
+
+        # Validate team_id before listing projects
+        if not team_id:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot list Linear projects without team_id. "
+                "Ensure LINEAR_TEAM_KEY is configured correctly."
+            )
+
+        # Enforce maximum limit to prevent excessive responses
+        if limit > 100:
+            limit = 100
+
+        # Build project filter using existing helper
+        from .types import build_project_filter
+
+        project_filter = build_project_filter(
+            state=state,
+            team_id=team_id,
+            include_completed=include_completed,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            # Fetch projects with pagination
+            all_projects = []
+            has_next_page = True
+            after_cursor = None
+            projects_fetched = 0
+
+            while has_next_page and projects_fetched < limit + offset:
+                # Calculate how many more we need
+                remaining = (limit + offset) - projects_fetched
+                page_size = min(remaining, 50)  # Linear max page size is typically 50
+
+                variables = {"filter": project_filter, "first": page_size}
+                if after_cursor:
+                    variables["after"] = after_cursor
+
+                result = await self.client.execute_query(LIST_PROJECTS_QUERY, variables)
+
+                projects_data = result.get("projects", {})
+                page_projects = projects_data.get("nodes", [])
+                page_info = projects_data.get("pageInfo", {})
+
+                all_projects.extend(page_projects)
+                projects_fetched += len(page_projects)
+
+                has_next_page = page_info.get("hasNextPage", False)
+                after_cursor = page_info.get("endCursor")
+
+                # Stop if no more results on this page
+                if not page_projects:
+                    break
+
+            # Apply offset and limit
+            paginated_projects = all_projects[offset : offset + limit]
+
+            # Map Linear projects to Epic objects using existing mapper
+            epics = []
+            for project in paginated_projects:
+                epics.append(map_linear_project_to_epic(project))
+
+            # Return compact format with pagination metadata
+            if compact:
+                from .mappers import epic_to_compact_format
+
+                compact_items = [epic_to_compact_format(epic) for epic in epics]
+                return {
+                    "status": "success",
+                    "items": compact_items,
+                    "pagination": {
+                        "total_returned": len(compact_items),
+                        "limit": limit,
+                        "offset": offset,
+                        "has_more": has_next_page,  # Use actual Linear pagination status
+                    },
                 }
+
+            # Backward compatible: return list of Epic objects
+            return epics
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to list Linear projects: {e}") from e
+
+    def _linear_update_to_model(self, linear_data: dict[str, Any]) -> ProjectUpdate:
+        """Convert Linear GraphQL response to ProjectUpdate model (1M-238).
+
+        Maps Linear's ProjectUpdate entity fields to the universal ProjectUpdate model,
+        handling health value transformations and optional fields.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            linear_data: GraphQL response data for a ProjectUpdate entity
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            ProjectUpdate instance with mapped fields
+
+        Linear Health Mapping:
+        ---------------------
+            Linear uses camelCase enum values: onTrack, atRisk, offTrack
+            Universal model uses snake_case: ON_TRACK, AT_RISK, OFF_TRACK
+
+        """
+        # Map Linear health values (camelCase) to universal enum (UPPER_SNAKE_CASE)
+        health_mapping = {
+            "onTrack": ProjectUpdateHealth.ON_TRACK,
+            "atRisk": ProjectUpdateHealth.AT_RISK,
+            "offTrack": ProjectUpdateHealth.OFF_TRACK,
+        }
+
+        health_value = linear_data.get("health")
+        health = health_mapping.get(health_value) if health_value else None
+
+        # Extract user info
+        user_data = linear_data.get("user", {})
+        author_id = user_data.get("id") if user_data else None
+        author_name = user_data.get("name") if user_data else None
+
+        # Extract project info
+        project_data = linear_data.get("project", {})
+        project_id = project_data.get("id", "")
+        project_name = project_data.get("name")
+
+        # Parse timestamps
+        created_at = datetime.fromisoformat(
+            linear_data["createdAt"].replace("Z", "+00:00")
+        )
+        updated_at = None
+        if linear_data.get("updatedAt"):
+            updated_at = datetime.fromisoformat(
+                linear_data["updatedAt"].replace("Z", "+00:00")
+            )
+
+        return ProjectUpdate(
+            id=linear_data["id"],
+            project_id=project_id,
+            project_name=project_name,
+            body=linear_data["body"],
+            health=health,
+            created_at=created_at,
+            updated_at=updated_at,
+            author_id=author_id,
+            author_name=author_name,
+            url=linear_data.get("url"),
+            diff_markdown=linear_data.get("diffMarkdown"),
+        )
+
+    async def create_project_update(
+        self,
+        project_id: str,
+        body: str,
+        health: ProjectUpdateHealth | None = None,
+    ) -> ProjectUpdate:
+        """Create a project status update in Linear (1M-238).
+
+        Creates a new status update for a Linear project with optional health indicator.
+        Linear will automatically generate a diff showing changes since the last update.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            project_id: Linear project UUID, slugId, or short ID
+            body: Markdown-formatted update content (required)
+            health: Optional health status (ON_TRACK, AT_RISK, OFF_TRACK)
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Created ProjectUpdate with Linear metadata including auto-generated diff
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If credentials invalid, project not found, or creation fails
+
+        Example:
+        -------
+            >>> update = await adapter.create_project_update(
+            ...     project_id="PROJ-123",
+            ...     body="Sprint 23 completed. 15/20 stories done.",
+            ...     health=ProjectUpdateHealth.AT_RISK
+            ... )
+
+        """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        # Validate credentials
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        await self.initialize()
+
+        # Resolve project identifier to UUID if needed
+        project_uuid = await self._resolve_project_id(project_id)
+        if not project_uuid:
+            raise ValueError(f"Project '{project_id}' not found")
+
+        # Build mutation variables
+        variables: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "projectId": project_uuid,
+            "body": body,
+        }
+
+        # Map health enum to Linear's camelCase format
+        if health:
+            health_mapping = {
+                ProjectUpdateHealth.ON_TRACK: "onTrack",
+                ProjectUpdateHealth.AT_RISK: "atRisk",
+                ProjectUpdateHealth.OFF_TRACK: "offTrack",
             }
+            variables["health"] = health_mapping.get(health)
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
+                CREATE_PROJECT_UPDATE_MUTATION, variables
+            )
+
+            if not result["projectUpdateCreate"]["success"]:
+                raise ValueError(f"Failed to create project update for '{project_id}'")
+
+            update_data = result["projectUpdateCreate"]["projectUpdate"]
+            logger.info(
+                f"Created project update for project '{project_id}' (UUID: {project_uuid})"
+            )
+
+            return self._linear_update_to_model(update_data)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Failed to create project update for '{project_id}': {e}"
+            ) from e
+
+    async def list_project_updates(
+        self,
+        project_id: str,
+        limit: int = 10,
+    ) -> list[ProjectUpdate]:
+        """List project updates for a project (1M-238).
+
+        Retrieves recent status updates for a Linear project, ordered by creation date.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            project_id: Linear project UUID, slugId, or short ID
+            limit: Maximum number of updates to return (default: 10, max: 250)
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            List of ProjectUpdate objects ordered by creation date (newest first)
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If credentials invalid or query fails
+
+        Example:
+        -------
+            >>> updates = await adapter.list_project_updates("PROJ-123", limit=5)
+            >>> for update in updates:
+            ...     print(f"{update.created_at}: {update.health} - {update.body[:50]}")
+
+        """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        # Validate credentials
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        await self.initialize()
+
+        # Resolve project identifier to UUID if needed
+        project_uuid = await self._resolve_project_id(project_id)
+        if not project_uuid:
+            raise ValueError(f"Project '{project_id}' not found")
+
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(
+                LIST_PROJECT_UPDATES_QUERY,
+                {"projectId": project_uuid, "first": min(limit, 250)},
+            )
+
+            project_data = result.get("project")
+            if not project_data:
+                raise ValueError(f"Project '{project_id}' not found")
+
+            updates_data = project_data.get("projectUpdates", {}).get("nodes", [])
+
+            # Map Linear updates to ProjectUpdate models
+            return [self._linear_update_to_model(update) for update in updates_data]
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(f"Failed to list project updates for {project_id}: {e}")
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Failed to list project updates for '{project_id}': {e}"
+            ) from e
+
+    async def get_project_update(
+        self,
+        update_id: str,
+    ) -> ProjectUpdate:
+        """Get a specific project update by ID (1M-238).
+
+        Retrieves detailed information about a single project status update.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            update_id: Linear ProjectUpdate UUID
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            ProjectUpdate object with full details
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If credentials invalid, update not found, or query fails
+
+        Example:
+        -------
+            >>> update = await adapter.get_project_update("update-uuid-here")
+            >>> print(f"Update: {update.body}")
+            >>> print(f"Health: {update.health}")
+            >>> print(f"Diff: {update.diff_markdown}")
+
         """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        # Validate credentials
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        await self.initialize()
 
         try:
             result = await self.client.execute_query(
-                id_query,
-                {"identifier": ticket_id}
+                GET_PROJECT_UPDATE_QUERY, {"id": update_id}
             )
 
-            if not result.get("issue"):
-                return None
+            update_data = result.get("projectUpdate")
+            if not update_data:
+                raise ValueError(f"Project update '{update_id}' not found")
 
-            linear_id = result["issue"]["id"]
+            return self._linear_update_to_model(update_data)
 
-            # Build update input using mapper
-            update_input = build_linear_issue_update_input(updates)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to get project update {update_id}: {e}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to get project update '{update_id}': {e}") from e
 
-            # Handle state transitions
-            if "state" in updates:
-                target_state = TicketState(updates["state"]) if isinstance(updates["state"], str) else updates["state"]
-                state_mapping = self._get_state_mapping()
-                if target_state in state_mapping:
-                    update_input["stateId"] = state_mapping[target_state]
+    # Milestone Operations (1M-607 Phase 2: Linear Adapter Integration)
 
-            # Resolve assignee to user ID if provided
-            if "assignee" in updates and updates["assignee"]:
-                user_id = await self._get_user_id(updates["assignee"])
-                if user_id:
-                    update_input["assigneeId"] = user_id
+    async def milestone_create(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        target_date: datetime | None = None,
+        labels: list[str] | None = None,
+        description: str = "",
+        project_id: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Milestone:
+        """Create milestone using Linear Cycles.
+
+        Linear Cycles require start and end dates. If target_date is provided,
+        set startsAt to today and endsAt to target_date. If no target_date,
+        defaults to a 2-week cycle.
+
+        Args:
+        ----
+            name: Milestone name
+            target_date: Target completion date (optional)
+            labels: Labels for milestone grouping (optional, stored in metadata)
+            description: Milestone description
+            project_id: Associated project ID (optional)
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+            Created Milestone object
+
+        Raises:
+        ------
+            ValueError: If credentials invalid or creation fails
+
+        """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        # Validate credentials
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        await self.initialize()
+        team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
+
+        # Linear requires both start and end dates for cycles
+        from datetime import timedelta, timezone
+
+        starts_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+        if target_date:
+            ends_at = target_date
+            # Ensure ends_at has timezone info
+            if ends_at.tzinfo is None:
+                ends_at = ends_at.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        else:
+            # Default to 2 weeks from now
+            ends_at = starts_at + timedelta(days=14)
 
-            # Execute update
-            result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
-                UPDATE_ISSUE_MUTATION,
-                {"id": linear_id, "input": update_input}
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(
+                CREATE_CYCLE_MUTATION,
+                {
+                    "input": {
+                        "name": name,
+                        "description": description,
+                        "startsAt": starts_at.isoformat(),
+                        "endsAt": ends_at.isoformat(),
+                        "teamId": team_id,
+                    }
+                },
             )
 
-            if not result["issueUpdate"]["success"]:
-                raise ValueError("Failed to update Linear issue")
+            if not result.get("cycleCreate", {}).get("success"):
+                raise ValueError("Failed to create cycle")
 
-            updated_issue = result["issueUpdate"]["issue"]
-            return map_linear_issue_to_task(updated_issue)
+            cycle_data = result["cycleCreate"]["cycle"]
+            logger.info(
+                f"Created Linear cycle {cycle_data['id']} for milestone '{name}'"
+            )
+
+            # Convert Linear Cycle to Milestone model
+            return self._cycle_to_milestone(cycle_data, labels)
 
         except Exception as e:
-            raise ValueError(f"Failed to update Linear issue: {e}")
+            logger.error(f"Failed to create milestone '{name}': {e}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Failed to create milestone: {e}") from e
 
-    async def delete(self, ticket_id: str) -> bool:
-        """Delete a Linear issue (archive it).
+    async def milestone_get(self, milestone_id: str) -> Milestone | None:
+        """Get milestone by ID with progress calculation.
 
         Args:
-            ticket_id: Linear issue identifier
+        ----
+            milestone_id: Milestone/Cycle identifier
 
         Returns:
-            True if successfully deleted/archived
+        -------
+            Milestone object with calculated progress, None if not found
+
         """
-        # Linear doesn't support true deletion, so we archive the issue
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        # Validate credentials
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        await self.initialize()
+
         try:
-            result = await self.update(ticket_id, {"archived": True})
-            return result is not None
-        except Exception:
-            return False
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(
+                GET_CYCLE_QUERY, {"id": milestone_id}
+            )
 
-    async def list(
+            cycle_data = result.get("cycle")
+            if not cycle_data:
+                logger.debug(f"Cycle {milestone_id} not found")
+                return None
+
+            return self._cycle_to_milestone(cycle_data)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(f"Failed to get milestone {milestone_id}: {e}")
+            return None
+
+    async def milestone_list(
         self,
-        limit: int = 10,
-        offset: int = 0,
-        filters: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
-    ) -> List[Task]:
-        """List Linear issues with optional filtering.
+        project_id: str | None = None,
+        state: str | None = None,
+    ) -> list[Milestone]:
+        """List milestones using Linear Cycles.
 
         Args:
-            limit: Maximum number of issues to return
-            offset: Number of issues to skip (Note: Linear uses cursor-based pagination)
-            filters: Optional filters (state, assignee, priority, etc.)
+        ----
+            project_id: Filter by project (not used by Linear Cycles)
+            state: Filter by state (open, active, completed, closed)
 
         Returns:
-            List of tasks matching the criteria
+        -------
+            List of Milestone objects
+
         """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
         # Validate credentials
         is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
         if not is_valid:
@@ -543,266 +3877,280 @@ class LinearAdapter(BaseAdapter[Task]):
         await self.initialize()
         team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
 
-        # Build issue filter
-        issue_filter = build_issue_filter(
-            team_id=team_id,
-            state=filters.get("state") if filters else None,
-            priority=filters.get("priority") if filters else None,
-            include_archived=filters.get("includeArchived", False) if filters else False,
-        )
-
-        # Add additional filters
-        if filters:
-            if "assignee" in filters:
-                user_id = await self._get_user_id(filters["assignee"])
-                if user_id:
-                    issue_filter["assignee"] = {"id": {"eq": user_id}}
-
-            if "created_after" in filters:
-                issue_filter["createdAt"] = {"gte": filters["created_after"]}
-            if "updated_after" in filters:
-                issue_filter["updatedAt"] = {"gte": filters["updated_after"]}
-            if "due_before" in filters:
-                issue_filter["dueDate"] = {"lte": filters["due_before"]}
-
         try:
             result = await self.client.execute_query(
-                LIST_ISSUES_QUERY,
-                {"filter": issue_filter, "first": limit}
+                LIST_CYCLES_QUERY,
+                {"teamId": team_id, "first": 50, "after": None},
             )
 
-            tasks = []
-            for issue in result["issues"]["nodes"]:
-                tasks.append(map_linear_issue_to_task(issue))
+            cycles = result.get("team", {}).get("cycles", {}).get("nodes", [])
+            milestones = [self._cycle_to_milestone(cycle) for cycle in cycles]
 
-            return tasks
+            # Apply state filter if provided
+            if state:
+                milestones = [m for m in milestones if m.state == state]
+
+            logger.debug(f"Listed {len(milestones)} milestones (state={state})")
+            return milestones
 
         except Exception as e:
-            raise ValueError(f"Failed to list Linear issues: {e}")
+            logger.error(f"Failed to list milestones: {e}")
+            return []
 
-    async def search(self, query: SearchQuery) -> List[Task]:
-        """Search Linear issues using comprehensive filters.
+    async def milestone_update(
+        self,
+        milestone_id: str,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        target_date: datetime | None = None,
+        state: str | None = None,
+        labels: list[str] | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Milestone | None:
+        """Update milestone properties.
 
         Args:
-            query: Search query with filters and criteria
+        ----
+            milestone_id: Milestone identifier
+            name: New name (optional)
+            target_date: New target date (optional)
+            state: New state (optional)
+            labels: New labels (optional, stored in metadata)
+            description: New description (optional)
 
         Returns:
-            List of tasks matching the search criteria
+        -------
+            Updated Milestone object, None if not found
+
         """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
         # Validate credentials
         is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
         if not is_valid:
             raise ValueError(error_message)
 
         await self.initialize()
-        team_id = await self._ensure_team_id()
-
-        # Build comprehensive issue filter
-        issue_filter = {"team": {"id": {"eq": team_id}}}
-
-        # Text search (Linear supports full-text search)
-        if query.query:
-            # Linear's search is quite sophisticated, but we'll use a simple approach
-            # In practice, you might want to use Linear's search API endpoint
-            issue_filter["title"] = {"containsIgnoreCase": query.query}
-
-        # State filter
-        if query.state:
-            state_type = get_linear_state_type(query.state)
-            issue_filter["state"] = {"type": {"eq": state_type}}
 
-        # Priority filter
-        if query.priority:
-            linear_priority = get_linear_priority(query.priority)
-            issue_filter["priority"] = {"eq": linear_priority}
+        # Build update input
+        update_input = {}
+        if name:
+            update_input["name"] = name
+        if description is not None:
+            update_input["description"] = description
+        if target_date:
+            from datetime import timezone
 
-        # Assignee filter
-        if query.assignee:
-            user_id = await self._get_user_id(query.assignee)
-            if user_id:
-                issue_filter["assignee"] = {"id": {"eq": user_id}}
+            # Ensure target_date has timezone
+            if target_date.tzinfo is None:
+                target_date = target_date.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+            update_input["endsAt"] = target_date.isoformat()
+        if state == "completed":
+            # Mark cycle as completed
+            from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
-        # Tags filter (labels in Linear)
-        if query.tags:
-            issue_filter["labels"] = {"some": {"name": {"in": query.tags}}}
+            update_input["completedAt"] = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()
 
-        # Exclude archived by default
-        issue_filter["archivedAt"] = {"null": True}
+        if not update_input:
+            # No updates provided, just return current milestone
+            return await self.milestone_get(milestone_id)
 
         try:
             result = await self.client.execute_query(
-                SEARCH_ISSUES_QUERY,
-                {"filter": issue_filter, "first": query.limit}
+                UPDATE_CYCLE_MUTATION,
+                {"id": milestone_id, "input": update_input},
             )
 
-            tasks = []
-            for issue in result["issues"]["nodes"]:
-                tasks.append(map_linear_issue_to_task(issue))
+            if not result.get("cycleUpdate", {}).get("success"):
+                logger.warning(f"Failed to update cycle {milestone_id}")
+                return None
 
-            return tasks
+            cycle_data = result["cycleUpdate"]["cycle"]
+            logger.info(f"Updated Linear cycle {milestone_id}")
+
+            return self._cycle_to_milestone(cycle_data, labels)
 
         except Exception as e:
-            raise ValueError(f"Failed to search Linear issues: {e}")
+            logger.error(f"Failed to update milestone {milestone_id}: {e}")
+            return None
 
-    async def transition_state(
-        self, ticket_id: str, target_state: TicketState
-    ) -> Optional[Task]:
-        """Transition Linear issue to new state with workflow validation.
+    async def milestone_delete(self, milestone_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Delete (archive) milestone.
+
+        Linear doesn't support permanent cycle deletion, so this archives the cycle.
 
         Args:
-            ticket_id: Linear issue identifier
-            target_state: Target state to transition to
+        ----
+            milestone_id: Milestone identifier
 
         Returns:
-            Updated task or None if transition failed
+        -------
+            True if deleted successfully, False otherwise
+
         """
-        # Validate transition
-        if not await self.validate_transition(ticket_id, target_state):
-            return None
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-        # Update state
-        return await self.update(ticket_id, {"state": target_state})
+        # Validate credentials
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
 
-    async def validate_transition(
-        self, ticket_id: str, target_state: TicketState
-    ) -> bool:
-        """Validate if state transition is allowed.
+        await self.initialize()
 
-        Args:
-            ticket_id: Linear issue identifier
-            target_state: Target state to validate
+        try:
+            result = await self.client.execute_query(
+                ARCHIVE_CYCLE_MUTATION, {"id": milestone_id}
+            )
 
-        Returns:
-            True if transition is valid
-        """
-        # For now, allow all transitions
-        # In practice, you might want to implement Linear's workflow rules
-        return True
+            success = result.get("cycleArchive", {}).get("success", False)
+            if success:
+                logger.info(f"Archived Linear cycle {milestone_id}")
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"Failed to archive cycle {milestone_id}")
 
-    async def add_comment(self, comment: Comment) -> Comment:
-        """Add a comment to a Linear issue.
+            return success
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to delete milestone {milestone_id}: {e}")
+            return False
+
+    async def milestone_get_issues(
+        self,
+        milestone_id: str,
+        state: str | None = None,
+    ) -> list[Task]:
+        """Get issues associated with milestone (cycle).
 
         Args:
-            comment: Comment to add
+        ----
+            milestone_id: Milestone identifier
+            state: Filter by issue state (optional)
 
         Returns:
-            Created comment with ID
-        """
-        # First get the Linear internal ID
-        id_query = """
-            query GetIssueId($identifier: String!) {
-                issue(id: $identifier) {
-                    id
-                }
-            }
+        -------
+            List of Task objects in the milestone
+
         """
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        # Validate credentials
+        is_valid, error_message = self.validate_credentials()
+        if not is_valid:
+            raise ValueError(error_message)
+
+        await self.initialize()
 
         try:
             result = await self.client.execute_query(
-                id_query,
-                {"identifier": comment.ticket_id}
+                GET_CYCLE_ISSUES_QUERY, {"cycleId": milestone_id, "first": 100}
             )
 
-            if not result.get("issue"):
-                raise ValueError(f"Issue {comment.ticket_id} not found")
-
-            linear_id = result["issue"]["id"]
-
-            # Create comment mutation
-            create_comment_query = """
-                mutation CreateComment($input: CommentCreateInput!) {
-                    commentCreate(input: $input) {
-                        success
-                        comment {
-                            id
-                            body
-                            createdAt
-                            updatedAt
-                            user {
-                                id
-                                name
-                                email
-                                displayName
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            """
+            cycle_data = result.get("cycle")
+            if not cycle_data:
+                logger.warning(f"Cycle {milestone_id} not found")
+                return []
 
-            comment_input = {
-                "issueId": linear_id,
-                "body": comment.body,
-            }
+            issues = cycle_data.get("issues", {}).get("nodes", [])
 
-            result = await self.client.execute_mutation(
-                create_comment_query,
-                {"input": comment_input}
-            )
+            # Convert Linear issues to Task objects
+            tasks = [map_linear_issue_to_task(issue) for issue in issues]
 
-            if not result["commentCreate"]["success"]:
-                raise ValueError("Failed to create comment")
+            # Filter by state if provided
+            if state:
+                state_filter = TicketState(state) if state else None
+                tasks = [t for t in tasks if t.state == state_filter]
 
-            created_comment = result["commentCreate"]["comment"]
-            return map_linear_comment_to_comment(created_comment, comment.ticket_id)
+            logger.debug(f"Retrieved {len(tasks)} issues from milestone {milestone_id}")
+            return tasks
 
         except Exception as e:
-            raise ValueError(f"Failed to add comment: {e}")
+            logger.error(f"Failed to get milestone issues {milestone_id}: {e}")
+            return []
 
-    async def get_comments(
-        self, ticket_id: str, limit: int = 10, offset: int = 0
-    ) -> List[Comment]:
-        """Get comments for a Linear issue.
+    def _cycle_to_milestone(
+        self,
+        cycle_data: dict[str, Any],
+        labels: list[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> Milestone:
+        """Convert Linear Cycle to universal Milestone model.
+
+        Determines state based on dates:
+        - completed: Has completedAt timestamp
+        - closed: Past end date without completion
+        - active: Current date between start and end
+        - open: Before start date
 
         Args:
-            ticket_id: Linear issue identifier
-            limit: Maximum number of comments to return
-            offset: Number of comments to skip
+        ----
+            cycle_data: Linear Cycle data from GraphQL
+            labels: Optional labels to associate with milestone
 
         Returns:
-            List of comments for the issue
-        """
-        query = """
-            query GetIssueComments($identifier: String!, $first: Int!) {
-                issue(id: $identifier) {
-                    comments(first: $first) {
-                        nodes {
-                            id
-                            body
-                            createdAt
-                            updatedAt
-                            user {
-                                id
-                                name
-                                email
-                                displayName
-                                avatarUrl
-                            }
-                            parent {
-                                id
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+        -------
+            Milestone object
+
         """
+        from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
-        try:
-            result = await self.client.execute_query(
-                query,
-                {"identifier": ticket_id, "first": limit}
-            )
+        # Determine state from dates
+        now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
 
-            if not result.get("issue"):
-                return []
+        # Parse dates
+        starts_at_str = cycle_data.get("startsAt")
+        ends_at_str = cycle_data.get("endsAt")
+        completed_at_str = cycle_data.get("completedAt")
 
-            comments = []
-            for comment_data in result["issue"]["comments"]["nodes"]:
-                comments.append(map_linear_comment_to_comment(comment_data, ticket_id))
+        starts_at = (
+            datetime.fromisoformat(starts_at_str.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+            if starts_at_str
+            else None
+        )
+        ends_at = (
+            datetime.fromisoformat(ends_at_str.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+            if ends_at_str
+            else None
+        )
+        completed_at = (
+            datetime.fromisoformat(completed_at_str.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+            if completed_at_str
+            else None
+        )
 
-            return comments
+        # Determine state
+        if completed_at:
+            state = "completed"
+        elif ends_at and now > ends_at:
+            state = "closed"  # Past due without completion
+        elif starts_at and ends_at and starts_at <= now <= ends_at:
+            state = "active"
+        else:
+            state = "open"  # Before start date
 
-        except Exception:
-            return []
+        # Parse progress (Linear uses 0.0-1.0, we use 0-100)
+        progress = cycle_data.get("progress", 0.0)
+        progress_pct = progress * 100.0
+
+        return Milestone(
+            id=cycle_data["id"],
+            name=cycle_data["name"],
+            description=cycle_data.get("description", ""),
+            target_date=ends_at,
+            state=state,
+            labels=labels or [],
+            total_issues=cycle_data.get("issueCount", 0),
+            closed_issues=cycle_data.get("completedIssueCount", 0),
+            progress_pct=progress_pct,
+            created_at=None,  # Linear doesn't provide creation timestamp for cycles
+            updated_at=None,
+            platform_data={
+                "linear": {
+                    "cycle_id": cycle_data["id"],
+                    "starts_at": starts_at_str,
+                    "ends_at": ends_at_str,
+                    "completed_at": completed_at_str,
+                    "team": cycle_data.get("team"),
+                }
+            },
+        )
 
     async def close(self) -> None:
         """Close the adapter and clean up resources."""