matrice-analytics 0.1.97__py3-none-any.whl → 0.1.106__py3-none-any.whl

matrice_analytics/post_processing/utils/agnostic_nms.py

@@ -0,0 +1,759 @@
+"""
+Production-grade reusable NMS module with YOLO-matching implementation.
+
+This module provides class-specific and class-agnostic NMS implementations
+that match YOLO's built-in behavior while being completely framework-agnostic.
+
+Usage:
+    from nms_module import AgnosticNMS
+    
+    nms = AgnosticNMS(iou_threshold=0.45, min_box_size=2.0)
+    filtered_detections = nms.apply(detections, class_agnostic=True)
+"""
+
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+import numpy as np
+import sys
+
+# Try importing torch/torchvision, but don't auto-install in production
+try:
+    import torch  # noqa: F401
+    from torchvision.ops import nms as torchvision_nms  # noqa: F401
+    TORCHVISION_AVAILABLE = True
+except Exception:
+    TORCHVISION_AVAILABLE = False
+
+
+class AgnosticNMS:
+    """
+    Production-grade NMS implementation with YOLO-matching behavior.
+    
+    Features:
+    - Class-specific and class-agnostic modes
+    - Vectorized (PyTorch) and iterative fallback
+    - Numerical stability enhancements
+    - Box validation and filtering
+    - Schema preservation
+    - Zero side effects
+    - Supports both x1/y1/x2/y2 and xmin/ymin/xmax/ymax bbox formats
+    
+    Attributes:
+        iou_threshold: IoU threshold for suppression (default: 0.45)
+        min_box_size: Minimum box width/height in pixels (default: 2.0)
+        use_vectorized: Use torchvision.ops.nms if available (default: True)
+        eps: Epsilon for numerical stability (default: 1e-7)
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        iou_threshold: float = 0.45,
+        min_box_size: float = 2.0,
+        use_vectorized: bool = True,
+        eps: float = 1e-7
+    ):
+        """
+        Initialize NMS module.
+        
+        Args:
+            iou_threshold: IoU threshold for suppression (0.0 to 1.0)
+            min_box_size: Minimum box dimension in pixels
+            use_vectorized: Use PyTorch implementation if available
+            eps: Epsilon for numerical stability in IoU computation
+        """
+        if not 0.0 <= iou_threshold <= 1.0:
+            raise ValueError(f"iou_threshold must be in [0, 1], got {iou_threshold}")
+        
+        if min_box_size < 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"min_box_size must be >= 0, got {min_box_size}")
+        
+        self.iou_threshold = iou_threshold
+        self.min_box_size = min_box_size
+        self.use_vectorized = use_vectorized and TORCHVISION_AVAILABLE
+        self.eps = eps
+        
+        self._stats = {
+            "total_calls": 0,
+            "vectorized_calls": 0,
+            "iterative_calls": 0,
+            "total_input": 0,
+            "total_output": 0,
+            "total_suppressed": 0
+        }
+    
+    def apply(
+        self,
+        detections: List[Dict[str, Any]],
+        class_agnostic: bool = True,
+        target_categories: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Apply NMS to detections.
+        
+        Args:
+            detections: List of detection dicts with schema:
+                {
+                    "category": str,
+                    "confidence": float,
+                    "bounding_box": {"x1": float, "y1": float, "x2": float, "y2": float}
+                                 or {"xmin": float, "ymin": float, "xmax": float, "ymax": float},
+                    ... (other fields preserved)
+                }
+            class_agnostic: If True, suppress across all classes
+            target_categories: Optional list of categories to process (others ignored)
+        
+        Returns:
+            Filtered list of detections with identical schema
+        """
+        self._stats["total_calls"] += 1
+        self._stats["total_input"] += len(detections)
+        
+        if not detections:
+            return detections
+        
+        if len(detections) == 1:
+            self._stats["total_output"] += 1
+            return detections
+        
+        # Validate schema with soft-fail on errors
+        invalid_detections = []
+        validation_diagnostics = []
+
+        for idx, d in enumerate(detections):
+            if not self._validate_detection_schema(d):
+                invalid_detections.append((idx, d))
+                
+                # Collect detailed diagnostics for first 3 failures
+                if len(validation_diagnostics) < 3:
+                    diag = self._diagnose_detection_schema(d, idx)
+                    validation_diagnostics.append(diag)
+
+        if invalid_detections:
+            # Create detailed error message
+            error_msg_parts = [
+                f"NMS Schema Validation Failed:",
+                f"  - Total detections: {len(detections)}",
+                f"  - Invalid detections: {len(invalid_detections)}",
+                f"  - Validation rate: {100 * (1 - len(invalid_detections)/len(detections)):.1f}%",
+                f"",
+                f"Detailed diagnostics for first {len(validation_diagnostics)} failures:"
+            ]
+            
+            for diag in validation_diagnostics:
+                error_msg_parts.append(f"\n{diag}")
+            
+            error_msg = "\n".join(error_msg_parts)
+            
+            # Log to console for production debugging
+            print(f"\n{'='*80}")
+            print(error_msg)
+            print(f"{'='*80}\n")
+            
+            # Soft-fail: return original detections instead of crashing
+            print("WARNING: NMS bypassed due to schema validation failures. Returning original detections.")
+            return detections
+        
+        # Filter by target categories if specified
+        if target_categories is not None:
+            detections = [d for d in detections if d.get('category') in target_categories]
+            if not detections:
+                return detections
+        
+        # Apply NMS
+        if class_agnostic:
+            result = self._apply_nms_single_pass(detections)
+        else:
+            result = self._apply_nms_per_class(detections)
+        
+        self._stats["total_output"] += len(result)
+        self._stats["total_suppressed"] += (len(detections) - len(result))
+        
+        return result
+    
+    def _apply_nms_single_pass(self, detections: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Apply NMS across all classes in a single pass."""
+        if self.use_vectorized:
+            self._stats["vectorized_calls"] += 1
+            return self._nms_vectorized(detections)
+        else:
+            self._stats["iterative_calls"] += 1
+            return self._nms_iterative(detections)
+    
+    def _apply_nms_per_class(self, detections: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Apply NMS separately for each class."""
+        # Group by category
+        category_groups = {}
+        for det in detections:
+            cat = det.get('category')
+            if cat not in category_groups:
+                category_groups[cat] = []
+            category_groups[cat].append(det)
+        
+        # Apply NMS per category
+        result = []
+        for cat_dets in category_groups.values():
+            if self.use_vectorized:
+                result.extend(self._nms_vectorized(cat_dets))
+            else:
+                result.extend(self._nms_iterative(cat_dets))
+        
+        if self.use_vectorized:
+            self._stats["vectorized_calls"] += 1
+        else:
+            self._stats["iterative_calls"] += 1
+        
+        return result
+    
+    def _nms_vectorized(self, detections: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Vectorized NMS using torchvision.ops.nms.
+        
+        This matches YOLO's built-in agnostic NMS exactly.
+        """
+        if not detections:
+            return []
+        
+        # Filter invalid boxes
+        valid_dets = [d for d in detections if self._validate_box(self._get_bbox(d))]
+        
+        if not valid_dets:
+            return []
+        
+        try:
+            # Convert to tensors - handle both bbox formats
+            boxes_list = []
+            for d in valid_dets:
+                bbox = self._get_bbox(d)
+                if 'x1' in bbox:
+                    boxes_list.append([
+                        float(bbox["x1"]), float(bbox["y1"]),
+                        float(bbox["x2"]), float(bbox["y2"])
+                    ])
+                elif 'xmin' in bbox:
+                    boxes_list.append([
+                        float(bbox["xmin"]), float(bbox["ymin"]),
+                        float(bbox["xmax"]), float(bbox["ymax"])
+                    ])
+            
+            if not boxes_list:
+                return []
+            
+            boxes = torch.tensor(boxes_list, dtype=torch.float32)
+            scores = torch.tensor([float(d["confidence"]) for d in valid_dets], dtype=torch.float32)
+            
+            # Apply torchvision NMS
+            keep_indices = torchvision_nms(boxes, scores, self.iou_threshold)
+            keep_indices = keep_indices.cpu().numpy()
+            
+            return [valid_dets[i] for i in keep_indices]
+        
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Fallback to iterative on error
+            print(f"Vectorized NMS failed: {e}. Falling back to iterative NMS.")
+            return self._nms_iterative(valid_dets)
+    
+    def _nms_iterative(self, detections: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Iterative NMS implementation with YOLO-matching enhancements.
+        
+        This provides equivalent results to vectorized NMS without PyTorch.
+        """
+        if not detections:
+            return []
+        
+        # Filter invalid boxes
+        valid_dets = [d for d in detections if self._validate_box(self._get_bbox(d))]
+        
+        if not valid_dets:
+            return []
+        
+        # Sort by confidence with area tie-breaking
+        def sort_key(d):
+            bbox = self._get_bbox(d)
+            # Handle both bbox formats
+            if 'x1' in bbox:
+                area = abs(bbox['x2'] - bbox['x1']) * abs(bbox['y2'] - bbox['y1'])
+            elif 'xmin' in bbox:
+                area = abs(bbox['xmax'] - bbox['xmin']) * abs(bbox['ymax'] - bbox['ymin'])
+            else:
+                area = 0
+            return (d["confidence"], area)
+        
+        sorted_dets = sorted(valid_dets, key=sort_key, reverse=True)
+        
+        # Apply NMS
+        keep = []
+        suppressed_indices = set()
+        
+        for i, det in enumerate(sorted_dets):
+            if i in suppressed_indices:
+                continue
+            
+            keep.append(det)
+            best_bbox = self._get_bbox(det)
+            
+            # Suppress overlapping boxes
+            for j in range(i + 1, len(sorted_dets)):
+                if j in suppressed_indices:
+                    continue
+                
+                other_bbox = self._get_bbox(sorted_dets[j])
+                iou = self._compute_iou(best_bbox, other_bbox)
+                
+                # Use >= for consistency with torchvision
+                if iou >= self.iou_threshold:
+                    suppressed_indices.add(j)
+        
+        return keep
+    
+    def _get_bbox(self, detection: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict:
+        """Extract bounding_box from detection, handling both field names."""
+        return detection.get('bounding_box', detection.get('bbox', {}))
+    
+    def _compute_iou(self, bbox1: Dict, bbox2: Dict) -> float:
+        """
+        Compute IoU with numerical stability.
+        Accepts both {x1, y1, x2, y2} and {xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax} formats.
+        
+        Args:
+            bbox1: First box dict
+            bbox2: Second box dict
+        
+        Returns:
+            IoU value in [0, 1]
+        """
+        try:
+            # Extract coordinates - handle both formats
+            if 'x1' in bbox1:
+                x1_1 = float(bbox1['x1'])
+                y1_1 = float(bbox1['y1'])
+                x2_1 = float(bbox1['x2'])
+                y2_1 = float(bbox1['y2'])
+            elif 'xmin' in bbox1:
+                x1_1 = float(bbox1['xmin'])
+                y1_1 = float(bbox1['ymin'])
+                x2_1 = float(bbox1['xmax'])
+                y2_1 = float(bbox1['ymax'])
+            else:
+                return 0.0
+            
+            if 'x1' in bbox2:
+                x1_2 = float(bbox2['x1'])
+                y1_2 = float(bbox2['y1'])
+                x2_2 = float(bbox2['x2'])
+                y2_2 = float(bbox2['y2'])
+            elif 'xmin' in bbox2:
+                x1_2 = float(bbox2['xmin'])
+                y1_2 = float(bbox2['ymin'])
+                x2_2 = float(bbox2['xmax'])
+                y2_2 = float(bbox2['ymax'])
+            else:
+                return 0.0
+            
+            # Ensure coordinates are in correct order
+            x1_1, x2_1 = min(x1_1, x2_1), max(x1_1, x2_1)
+            y1_1, y2_1 = min(y1_1, y2_1), max(y1_1, y2_1)
+            x1_2, x2_2 = min(x1_2, x2_2), max(x1_2, x2_2)
+            y1_2, y2_2 = min(y1_2, y2_2), max(y1_2, y2_2)
+            
+            # Compute intersection
+            inter_x1 = max(x1_1, x1_2)
+            inter_y1 = max(y1_1, y1_2)
+            inter_x2 = min(x2_1, x2_2)
+            inter_y2 = min(y2_1, y2_2)
+            
+            inter_w = max(0.0, inter_x2 - inter_x1)
+            inter_h = max(0.0, inter_y2 - inter_y1)
+            
+            if inter_w == 0.0 or inter_h == 0.0:
+                return 0.0
+            
+            inter_area = inter_w * inter_h
+            
+            # Compute box areas
+            area1 = (x2_1 - x1_1) * (y2_1 - y1_1)
+            area2 = (x2_2 - x1_2) * (y2_2 - y1_2)
+            
+            # Add epsilon for numerical stability (matches torchvision)
+            union_area = area1 + area2 - inter_area + self.eps
+            
+            # Compute IoU with safeguards
+            iou = inter_area / union_area
+            
+            # Clamp to valid range
+            return max(0.0, min(1.0, iou))
+        
+        except Exception:
+            return 0.0
+    
+    def _validate_box(self, bbox: Dict, max_wh: float = 1e4) -> bool:
+        """
+        Validate box dimensions with robust type handling.
+        Accepts both {x1, y1, x2, y2} and {xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax} formats.
+        
+        Args:
+            bbox: Box dict with coordinates
+            max_wh: Maximum box width/height
+        
+        Returns:
+            True if box is valid
+        """
+        try:
+            # Extract coordinates - handle both formats
+            if 'x1' in bbox:
+                x1, y1, x2, y2 = map(float, [bbox['x1'], bbox['y1'], bbox['x2'], bbox['y2']])
+            elif 'xmin' in bbox:
+                x1, y1, x2, y2 = map(float, [bbox['xmin'], bbox['ymin'], bbox['xmax'], bbox['ymax']])
+            else:
+                return False
+            
+            # Calculate width and height
+            w = abs(x2 - x1)
+            h = abs(y2 - y1)
+            
+            # Check minimum size
+            if w < self.min_box_size or h < self.min_box_size:
+                return False
+            
+            # Check maximum size
+            if w > max_wh or h > max_wh:
+                return False
+            
+            # Check for NaN or Inf
+            for v in [x1, y1, x2, y2]:
+                try:
+                    import numpy as np
+                    if np.isnan(v) or np.isinf(v):
+                        return False
+                except ImportError:
+                    import math
+                    if math.isnan(v) or math.isinf(v):
+                        return False
+            
+            return True
+        
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+    
+    def _validate_detection_schema(self, detection: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Validate detection has required fields for NMS with robust type checking.
+        
+        This method is designed to be production-safe and handle various input formats
+        including YOLO outputs with numpy types, string categories, and varying confidence scales.
+        
+        Args:
+            detection: Single detection dict
+        
+        Returns:
+            True if schema is valid, False otherwise (never raises exceptions)
+        """
+        try:
+            # Basic type check
+            if not isinstance(detection, dict):
+                return False
+            
+            # ============================================
+            # CATEGORY VALIDATION
+            # ============================================
+            if 'category' not in detection:
+                return False
+            
+            category = detection['category']
+            
+            # Accept: str, int, numpy.integer, numpy.str_
+            category_valid = isinstance(category, (str, int))
+            
+            if not category_valid:
+                try:
+                    import numpy as np
+                    category_valid = isinstance(category, (np.integer, np.str_))
+                except ImportError:
+                    pass
+            
+            if not category_valid:
+                return False
+            
+            # ============================================
+            # CONFIDENCE VALIDATION
+            # ============================================
+            if 'confidence' not in detection:
+                return False
+            
+            conf = detection['confidence']
+            
+            # Accept: int, float, numpy.integer, numpy.floating
+            conf_valid = isinstance(conf, (int, float))
+            
+            if not conf_valid:
+                try:
+                    import numpy as np
+                    conf_valid = isinstance(conf, (np.integer, np.floating))
+                except ImportError:
+                    pass
+            
+            if not conf_valid:
+                return False
+            
+            # Try to convert to float and validate range
+            try:
+                conf_val = float(conf)
+                # Allow wide range to handle different YOLO output formats
+                if conf_val < 0 or conf_val > 1000:
+                    return False
+            except (ValueError, TypeError, OverflowError):
+                return False
+            
+            # ============================================
+            # BOUNDING BOX VALIDATION
+            # ============================================
+            # Accept both 'bounding_box' and 'bbox' field names
+            bbox = detection.get('bounding_box', detection.get('bbox'))
+            
+            if bbox is None or not isinstance(bbox, dict):
+                return False
+            
+            # Accept both x1/y1/x2/y2 and xmin/ymin/xmax/ymax formats
+            required_keys_v1 = {'x1', 'y1', 'x2', 'y2'}
+            required_keys_v2 = {'xmin', 'ymin', 'xmax', 'ymax'}
+            
+            has_v1 = required_keys_v1.issubset(bbox.keys())
+            has_v2 = required_keys_v2.issubset(bbox.keys())
+            
+            if not (has_v1 or has_v2):
+                return False
+            
+            # Determine which keys to validate
+            coord_keys = ['x1', 'y1', 'x2', 'y2'] if has_v1 else ['xmin', 'ymin', 'xmax', 'ymax']
+            
+            # Validate each coordinate
+            for key in coord_keys:
+                val = bbox[key]
+                
+                # Check if numeric (handle numpy types)
+                is_numeric = isinstance(val, (int, float))
+                
+                if not is_numeric:
+                    try:
+                        import numpy as np
+                        is_numeric = isinstance(val, (np.integer, np.floating))
+                    except ImportError:
+                        pass
+                
+                if not is_numeric:
+                    return False
+                
+                # Try converting to float
+                try:
+                    float_val = float(val)
+                    # Check for reasonable coordinate range
+                    if not (-1e10 < float_val < 1e10):
+                        return False
+                except (ValueError, TypeError, OverflowError):
+                    return False
+            
+            return True
+        
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"Unexpected error in schema validation: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+            return False
+    
+    def _diagnose_detection_schema(self, detection: Dict[str, Any], idx: int) -> str:
+        """
+        Diagnose why a detection failed schema validation.
+        
+        Args:
+            detection: Detection dict that failed validation
+            idx: Index of detection in list
+        
+        Returns:
+            Detailed diagnostic string
+        """
+        diagnostics = [f"Detection #{idx} Failed Validation:"]
+        
+        # Check if dict
+        if not isinstance(detection, dict):
+            diagnostics.append(f"    Not a dict (type: {type(detection)})")
+            return "\n".join(diagnostics)
+        
+        diagnostics.append(f"  Keys present: {list(detection.keys())}")
+        
+        # Check category
+        if 'category' not in detection:
+            diagnostics.append(f"    Missing 'category' key")
+        else:
+            category = detection['category']
+            cat_type = type(category).__name__
+            diagnostics.append(f"  Category: '{category}' (type: {cat_type})")
+            
+            is_valid_type = isinstance(category, (str, int))
+            if not is_valid_type:
+                try:
+                    import numpy as np
+                    is_valid_type = isinstance(category, (np.integer, np.str_))
+                    if is_valid_type:
+                        diagnostics.append(f"      Valid (numpy type)")
+                    else:
+                        diagnostics.append(f"      Invalid type: {cat_type}")
+                except ImportError:
+                    diagnostics.append(f"      Invalid type: {cat_type} (numpy not available)")
+            else:
+                diagnostics.append(f"      Valid type")
+        
+        # Check confidence
+        if 'confidence' not in detection:
+            diagnostics.append(f"    Missing 'confidence' key")
+        else:
+            conf = detection['confidence']
+            conf_type = type(conf).__name__
+            diagnostics.append(f"  Confidence: {conf} (type: {conf_type})")
+            
+            is_numeric = isinstance(conf, (int, float))
+            if not is_numeric:
+                try:
+                    import numpy as np
+                    is_numeric = isinstance(conf, (np.integer, np.floating))
+                    if is_numeric:
+                        diagnostics.append(f"      Valid (numpy type)")
+                    else:
+                        diagnostics.append(f"      Not numeric: {conf_type}")
+                except ImportError:
+                    diagnostics.append(f"      Not numeric: {conf_type} (numpy not available)")
+            else:
+                diagnostics.append(f"      Valid type")
+                
+            # Check range
+            try:
+                conf_val = float(conf)
+                if conf_val < 0 or conf_val > 1000:
+                    diagnostics.append(f"      Out of range: {conf_val}")
+                else:
+                    diagnostics.append(f"      Valid range")
+            except:
+                diagnostics.append(f"      Cannot convert to float")
+        
+        # Check bounding_box (accept both field names)
+        bbox = detection.get('bounding_box', detection.get('bbox'))
+        
+        if bbox is None:
+            diagnostics.append(f"    Missing both 'bounding_box' and 'bbox' keys")
+        elif not isinstance(bbox, dict):
+            diagnostics.append(f"    bounding_box is not dict (type: {type(bbox).__name__})")
+        else:
+            diagnostics.append(f"  BBox keys: {list(bbox.keys())}")
+            
+            required_v1 = {'x1', 'y1', 'x2', 'y2'}
+            required_v2 = {'xmin', 'ymin', 'xmax', 'ymax'}
+            
+            has_v1 = required_v1.issubset(bbox.keys())
+            has_v2 = required_v2.issubset(bbox.keys())
+            
+            if has_v1:
+                diagnostics.append(f"      Has x1/y1/x2/y2 format")
+                coord_keys = ['x1', 'y1', 'x2', 'y2']
+            elif has_v2:
+                diagnostics.append(f"      Has xmin/ymin/xmax/ymax format")
+                coord_keys = ['xmin', 'ymin', 'xmax', 'ymax']
+            else:
+                missing_v1 = required_v1 - set(bbox.keys())
+                missing_v2 = required_v2 - set(bbox.keys())
+                diagnostics.append(f"      Missing x1/y1 format keys: {missing_v1}")
+                diagnostics.append(f"      Missing xmin/ymin format keys: {missing_v2}")
+                coord_keys = []
+            
+            # Check coordinate types (only if we have valid format)
+            if coord_keys:
+                for key in coord_keys:
+                    val = bbox[key]
+                    val_type = type(val).__name__
+                    
+                    is_numeric = isinstance(val, (int, float))
+                    if not is_numeric:
+                        try:
+                            import numpy as np
+                            is_numeric = isinstance(val, (np.integer, np.floating))
+                            status = "  numpy" if is_numeric else " "
+                        except:
+                            status = " "
+                    else:
+                        status = " "
+                    
+                    diagnostics.append(f"    {key}: {val} (type: {val_type}) [{status}]")
+        
+        return "\n".join(diagnostics)
+    
+    def get_stats(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Get NMS usage statistics.
+        
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary with statistics:
+            - total_calls: Number of times apply() was called
+            - vectorized_calls: Number of vectorized NMS calls
+            - iterative_calls: Number of iterative NMS calls
+            - total_input: Total input detections
+            - total_output: Total output detections
+            - total_suppressed: Total suppressed detections
+            - suppression_rate: Percentage of detections suppressed
+        """
+        stats = self._stats.copy()
+        if stats["total_input"] > 0:
+            stats["suppression_rate"] = 100 * stats["total_suppressed"] / stats["total_input"]
+        else:
+            stats["suppression_rate"] = 0.0
+        return stats
+    
+    def reset_stats(self):
+        """Reset usage statistics."""
+        self._stats = {
+            "total_calls": 0,
+            "vectorized_calls": 0,
+            "iterative_calls": 0,
+            "total_input": 0,
+            "total_output": 0,
+            "total_suppressed": 0
+        }
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_vectorized_available() -> bool:
+        """Check if vectorized implementation is available."""
+        return TORCHVISION_AVAILABLE
+
+
+# Convenience function for quick usage
+def apply_nms(
+    detections: List[Dict[str, Any]],
+    iou_threshold: float = 0.45,
+    class_agnostic: bool = True,
+    min_box_size: float = 2.0,
+    use_vectorized: bool = True
+) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    """
+    Convenience function for one-time NMS application.
+    
+    Args:
+        detections: List of detection dicts
+        iou_threshold: IoU threshold for suppression
+        class_agnostic: If True, suppress across all classes
+        min_box_size: Minimum box dimension in pixels
+        use_vectorized: Use PyTorch implementation if available
+    
+    Returns:
+        Filtered list of detections
+    
+    Example:
+        >>> detections = [
+        ...     {"category": "car", "confidence": 0.9, 
+        ...      "bounding_box": {"x1": 100, "y1": 100, "x2": 200, "y2": 200}},
+        ...     {"category": "car", "confidence": 0.85,
+        ...      "bounding_box": {"x1": 105, "y1": 105, "x2": 205, "y2": 205}}
+        ... ]
+        >>> filtered = apply_nms(detections, iou_threshold=0.5, class_agnostic=True)
+        >>> len(filtered)
+        1
+    """
+    nms = AgnosticNMS(
+        iou_threshold=iou_threshold,
+        min_box_size=min_box_size,
+        use_vectorized=use_vectorized
+    )
+    return nms.apply(detections, class_agnostic=class_agnostic)