manim 0.18.0__py3-none-any.whl → 0.18.1__py3-none-any.whl

manim/typing.py

@@ -1,133 +1,633 @@
+"""Custom type definitions used in Manim.
+
+.. admonition:: Note for developers
+    :class: important
+
+    Around the source code there are multiple strings which look like this:
+
+    .. code-block::
+
+        '''
+        [CATEGORY]
+        <category_name>
+        '''
+
+    All type aliases defined under those strings will be automatically
+    classified under that category.
+
+    If you need to define a new category, respect the format described above.
+"""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from os import PathLike
-from typing import Callable, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Callable, Union
 
 import numpy as np
 import numpy.typing as npt
 from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
 
-# Color Types
+__all__ = [
+    "ManimFloat",
+    "ManimInt",
+    "ManimColorDType",
+    "RGB_Array_Float",
+    "RGB_Tuple_Float",
+    "RGB_Array_Int",
+    "RGB_Tuple_Int",
+    "RGBA_Array_Float",
+    "RGBA_Tuple_Float",
+    "RGBA_Array_Int",
+    "RGBA_Tuple_Int",
+    "HSV_Array_Float",
+    "HSV_Tuple_Float",
+    "ManimColorInternal",
+    "PointDType",
+    "InternalPoint2D",
+    "Point2D",
+    "InternalPoint2D_Array",
+    "Point2D_Array",
+    "InternalPoint3D",
+    "Point3D",
+    "InternalPoint3D_Array",
+    "Point3D_Array",
+    "Vector2D",
+    "Vector2D_Array",
+    "Vector3D",
+    "Vector3D_Array",
+    "VectorND",
+    "VectorND_Array",
+    "RowVector",
+    "ColVector",
+    "MatrixMN",
+    "Zeros",
+    "QuadraticBezierPoints",
+    "QuadraticBezierPoints_Array",
+    "QuadraticBezierPath",
+    "QuadraticSpline",
+    "CubicBezierPoints",
+    "CubicBezierPoints_Array",
+    "CubicBezierPath",
+    "CubicSpline",
+    "BezierPoints",
+    "BezierPoints_Array",
+    "BezierPath",
+    "Spline",
+    "FlatBezierPoints",
+    "FunctionOverride",
+    "PathFuncType",
+    "MappingFunction",
+    "Image",
+    "GrayscaleImage",
+    "RGBImage",
+    "RGBAImage",
+    "StrPath",
+    "StrOrBytesPath",
+]
+
+
+"""
+[CATEGORY]
+Primitive data types
+"""
 
 ManimFloat: TypeAlias = np.float64
+"""A double-precision floating-point value (64 bits, or 8 bytes),
+according to the IEEE 754 standard.
+"""
+
 ManimInt: TypeAlias = np.int64
+r"""A long integer (64 bits, or 8 bytes).
+
+It can take values between :math:`-2^{63}` and :math:`+2^{63} - 1`,
+which expressed in base 10 is a range between around
+:math:`-9.223 \cdot 10^{18}` and :math:`+9.223 \cdot 10^{18}`.
+"""
+
+
+"""
+[CATEGORY]
+Color types
+"""
+
 ManimColorDType: TypeAlias = ManimFloat
+"""Data type used in :class:`~.ManimColorInternal`: a
+double-precision float between 0 and 1.
+"""
+
+RGB_Array_Float: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[ManimColorDType]
+"""``shape: (3,)``
+
+A :class:`numpy.ndarray` of 3 floats between 0 and 1, representing a
+color in RGB format.
 
-RGB_Array_Float: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[ManimFloat]
-RGB_Tuple_Float: TypeAlias = Tuple[float, float, float]
+Its components describe, in order, the intensity of Red, Green, and
+Blue in the represented color.
+"""
+
+RGB_Tuple_Float: TypeAlias = tuple[float, float, float]
+"""``shape: (3,)``
+
+A tuple of 3 floats between 0 and 1, representing a color in RGB
+format.
+
+Its components describe, in order, the intensity of Red, Green, and
+Blue in the represented color.
+"""
 
 RGB_Array_Int: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[ManimInt]
-RGB_Tuple_Int: TypeAlias = Tuple[int, int, int]
+"""``shape: (3,)``
+
+A :class:`numpy.ndarray` of 3 integers between 0 and 255,
+representing a color in RGB format.
+
+Its components describe, in order, the intensity of Red, Green, and
+Blue in the represented color.
+"""
+
+RGB_Tuple_Int: TypeAlias = tuple[int, int, int]
+"""``shape: (3,)``
+
+A tuple of 3 integers between 0 and 255, representing a color in RGB
+format.
+
+Its components describe, in order, the intensity of Red, Green, and
+Blue in the represented color.
+"""
+
+RGBA_Array_Float: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[ManimColorDType]
+"""``shape: (4,)``
 
-RGBA_Array_Float: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[ManimFloat]
-RGBA_Tuple_Float: TypeAlias = Tuple[float, float, float, float]
+A :class:`numpy.ndarray` of 4 floats between 0 and 1, representing a
+color in RGBA format.
+
+Its components describe, in order, the intensity of Red, Green, Blue
+and Alpha (opacity) in the represented color.
+"""
+
+RGBA_Tuple_Float: TypeAlias = tuple[float, float, float, float]
+"""``shape: (4,)``
+
+A tuple of 4 floats between 0 and 1, representing a color in RGBA
+format.
+
+Its components describe, in order, the intensity of Red, Green, Blue
+and Alpha (opacity) in the represented color.
+"""
 
 RGBA_Array_Int: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[ManimInt]
-RGBA_Tuple_Int: TypeAlias = Tuple[int, int, int, int]
+"""``shape: (4,)``
+
+A :class:`numpy.ndarray` of 4 integers between 0 and 255,
+representing a color in RGBA format.
+
+Its components describe, in order, the intensity of Red, Green, Blue
+and Alpha (opacity) in the represented color.
+"""
+
+RGBA_Tuple_Int: TypeAlias = tuple[int, int, int, int]
+"""``shape: (4,)``
+
+A tuple of 4 integers between 0 and 255, representing a color in RGBA
+format.
+
+Its components describe, in order, the intensity of Red, Green, Blue
+and Alpha (opacity) in the represented color.
+"""
 
 HSV_Array_Float: TypeAlias = RGB_Array_Float
+"""``shape: (3,)``
+
+A :class:`numpy.ndarray` of 3 floats between 0 and 1, representing a
+color in HSV (or HSB) format.
+
+Its components describe, in order, the Hue, Saturation and Value (or
+Brightness) in the represented color.
+"""
+
 HSV_Tuple_Float: TypeAlias = RGB_Tuple_Float
+"""``shape: (3,)``
+
+A tuple of 3 floats between 0 and 1, representing a color in HSV (or
+HSB) format.
 
-ManimColorInternal: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[ManimColorDType]
+Its components describe, in order, the Hue, Saturation and Value (or
+Brightness) in the represented color.
+"""
 
-# Point Types
+ManimColorInternal: TypeAlias = RGBA_Array_Float
+"""``shape: (4,)``
+
+Internal color representation used by :class:`~.ManimColor`,
+following the RGBA format.
+
+It is a :class:`numpy.ndarray` consisting of 4 floats between 0 and
+1, describing respectively the intensities of Red, Green, Blue and
+Alpha (opacity) in the represented color.
+"""
+
+
+"""
+[CATEGORY]
+Point types
+"""
 
 PointDType: TypeAlias = ManimFloat
-""" DType for all points. """
+"""Default type for arrays representing points: a double-precision
+floating point value.
+"""
 
 InternalPoint2D: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (2,)` A 2D point. `[float, float]`.
-This type alias is mostly made available for internal use and only includes the numpy type.
+"""``shape: (2,)``
+
+A 2-dimensional point: ``[float, float]``.
+
+.. note::
+    This type alias is mostly made available for internal use, and
+    only includes the NumPy type.
 """
 
-Point2D: TypeAlias = Union[InternalPoint2D, Tuple[float, float]]
-""" `shape: (2,)` A 2D point. `[float, float]`. """
+Point2D: TypeAlias = Union[InternalPoint2D, tuple[float, float]]
+"""``shape: (2,)``
 
-InternalPoint3D: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (3,)` A 3D point. `[float, float, float]`.
-This type alias is mostly made available for internal use and only includes the numpy type.
+A 2-dimensional point: ``[float, float]``.
+
+Normally, a function or method which expects a `Point2D` as a
+parameter can handle being passed a `Point3D` instead.
 """
 
-Point3D: TypeAlias = Union[InternalPoint3D, Tuple[float, float, float]]
-""" `shape: (3,)` A 3D point. `[float, float, float]` """
+InternalPoint2D_Array: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
+"""``shape: (N, 2)``
 
-# Bezier Types
-QuadraticBezierPoints: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (3,3)` An Array of Quadratic Bezier Handles `[[float, float, float], [float, float, float], [float, float, float]]`. """
+An array of `InternalPoint2D` objects: ``[[float, float], ...]``.
 
-QuadraticBezierPoints_Array: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (N,3,3)` An Array of Quadratic Bezier Handles `[[[float, float, float], [float, float, float], [float, float, float]], ...]`. """
+.. note::
+    This type alias is mostly made available for internal use, and
+    only includes the NumPy type.
+"""
+
+Point2D_Array: TypeAlias = Union[InternalPoint2D_Array, tuple[Point2D, ...]]
+"""``shape: (N, 2)``
+
+An array of `Point2D` objects: ``[[float, float], ...]``.
 
-CubicBezierPoints: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (4,3)` An Array of Cubic Bezier Handles `[[float, float, float], [float, float, float], [float, float, float], [float, float, float]]`. """
+Normally, a function or method which expects a `Point2D_Array` as a
+parameter can handle being passed a `Point3D_Array` instead.
 
-BezierPoints: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (N,3)` An Array of Cubic Bezier Handles `[[float, float, float], ...]`.
-`N` Is always multiples of the degree of the Bezier curve.
-(Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for further type Information)
+Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for
+further type information.
 """
 
-FlatBezierPoints: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (N)` An Array of Bezier Handles but flattened `[float, ...]`."""
+InternalPoint3D: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
+"""``shape: (3,)``
+
+A 3-dimensional point: ``[float, float, float]``.
+
+.. note::
+    This type alias is mostly made available for internal use, and
+    only includes the NumPy type.
+"""
 
-Point2D_Array: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (N,2)` An Array of Points in 2D Space `[[float, float], ...]`.
+Point3D: TypeAlias = Union[InternalPoint3D, tuple[float, float, float]]
+"""``shape: (3,)``
 
-(Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for further type Information)
+A 3-dimensional point: ``[float, float, float]``.
 """
 
 InternalPoint3D_Array: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (N,3)` An Array of Points in 3D Space `[[float, float, float], ...]`.
-This type alias is mostly made available for internal use and only includes the numpy type.
+"""``shape: (N, 3)``
+
+An array of `Point3D` objects: ``[[float, float, float], ...]``.
+
+.. note::
+    This type alias is mostly made available for internal use, and
+    only includes the NumPy type.
 """
 
-Point3D_Array: TypeAlias = Union[
-    InternalPoint3D_Array, Tuple[Tuple[float, float, float], ...]
-]
-""" `shape: (N,3)` An Array of Points in 3D Space `[[float, float, float], ...]`.
+Point3D_Array: TypeAlias = Union[InternalPoint3D_Array, tuple[Point3D, ...]]
+"""``shape: (N, 3)``
 
-(Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for further type Information)
+An array of `Point3D` objects: ``[[float, float, float], ...]``.
+
+Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for
+further type information.
 """
 
-BezierPoints_Array: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (N,PPC,3)` An Array of Bezier Handles `[[[float, float, float], ...], ...]`.
-`PPC` Is the number of points per bezier curve. `N` Is the number of bezier curves.
-(Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for further type Information)
+
+"""
+[CATEGORY]
+Vector types
 """
 
-# Vector Types
-Vector3: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (3,)` A Vector `[float, float, float]`. """
+Vector2D: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
+"""``shape: (2,)``
+
+A 2-dimensional vector: ``[float, float]``.
+
+Normally, a function or method which expects a `Vector2D` as a
+parameter can handle being passed a `Vector3D` instead.
+
+.. caution::
+    Do not confuse with the :class:`~.Vector` or :class:`~.Arrow`
+    VMobjects!
+"""
+
+Vector2D_Array: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
+"""``shape: (M, 2)``
+
+An array of `Vector2D` objects: ``[[float, float], ...]``.
 
-Vector: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (N,)` A Vector `[float, ...]`. """
+Normally, a function or method which expects a `Vector2D_Array` as a
+parameter can handle being passed a `Vector3D_Array` instead.
+"""
+
+Vector3D: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
+"""``shape: (3,)``
+
+A 3-dimensional vector: ``[float, float, float]``.
+
+.. caution::
+    Do not confuse with the :class:`~.Vector` or :class:`~.Arrow3D`
+    VMobjects!
+"""
+
+Vector3D_Array: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
+"""``shape: (M, 3)``
+
+An array of `Vector3D` objects: ``[[float, float, float], ...]``.
+"""
+
+VectorND: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
+"""``shape (N,)``
+
+An :math:`N`-dimensional vector: ``[float, ...]``.
+
+.. caution::
+    Do not confuse with the :class:`~.Vector` VMobject! This type alias
+    is named "VectorND" instead of "Vector" to avoid potential name
+    collisions.
+"""
+
+VectorND_Array: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
+"""``shape (M, N)``
+
+An array of `VectorND` objects: ``[[float, ...], ...]``.
+"""
 
 RowVector: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (1,N)` A Row Vector `[[float, ...]]`. """
+"""``shape: (1, N)``
+
+A row vector: ``[[float, ...]]``.
+"""
 
 ColVector: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (N,1)` A Column Vector `[[float], [float], ...]`. """
+"""``shape: (N, 1)``
+
+A column vector: ``[[float], [float], ...]``.
+"""
+
+
+"""
+[CATEGORY]
+Matrix types
+"""
 
 MatrixMN: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[PointDType]
-""" `shape: (M,N)` A Matrix `[[float, ...], [float, ...], ...]`. """
+"""``shape: (M, N)``
+
+A matrix: ``[[float, ...], [float, ...], ...]``.
+"""
+
+Zeros: TypeAlias = MatrixMN
+"""``shape: (M, N)``
+
+A `MatrixMN` filled with zeros, typically created with
+``numpy.zeros((M, N))``.
+"""
+
+
+"""
+[CATEGORY]
+Bézier types
+"""
+
+QuadraticBezierPoints: TypeAlias = Union[
+    npt.NDArray[PointDType], tuple[Point3D, Point3D, Point3D]
+]
+"""``shape: (3, 3)``
+
+A `Point3D_Array` of 3 control points for a single quadratic Bézier
+curve:
+``[[float, float, float], [float, float, float], [float, float, float]]``.
+"""
+
+QuadraticBezierPoints_Array: TypeAlias = Union[
+    npt.NDArray[PointDType], tuple[QuadraticBezierPoints, ...]
+]
+"""``shape: (N, 3, 3)``
+
+An array of :math:`N` `QuadraticBezierPoints` objects:
+``[[[float, float, float], [float, float, float], [float, float, float]], ...]``.
+"""
+
+QuadraticBezierPath: TypeAlias = Point3D_Array
+"""``shape: (3*N, 3)``
+
+A `Point3D_Array` of :math:`3N` points, where each one of the
+:math:`N` consecutive blocks of 3 points represents a quadratic
+Bézier curve:
+``[[float, float, float], ...], ...]``.
+
+Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for
+further type information.
+"""
 
-Zeros: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[ManimFloat]
-"""A Matrix of Zeros. Typically created with `numpy.zeros((M,N))`"""
+QuadraticSpline: TypeAlias = QuadraticBezierPath
+"""``shape: (3*N, 3)``
 
-# Due to current limitations (see https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/14656 / 8263), we don't specify the first argument type (Mobject).
-FunctionOverride: TypeAlias = Callable[..., None]
-"""Function type returning an animation for the specified Mobject."""
+A special case of `QuadraticBezierPath` where all the :math:`N`
+quadratic Bézier curves are connected, forming a quadratic spline:
+``[[float, float, float], ...], ...]``.
+
+Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for
+further type information.
+"""
+
+CubicBezierPoints: TypeAlias = Union[
+    npt.NDArray[PointDType], tuple[Point3D, Point3D, Point3D, Point3D]
+]
+"""``shape: (4, 3)``
+
+A `Point3D_Array` of 4 control points for a single cubic Bézier
+curve:
+``[[float, float, float], [float, float, float], [float, float, float], [float, float, float]]``.
+"""
+
+CubicBezierPoints_Array: TypeAlias = Union[
+    npt.NDArray[PointDType], tuple[CubicBezierPoints, ...]
+]
+"""``shape: (N, 4, 3)``
+
+An array of :math:`N` `CubicBezierPoints` objects:
+``[[[float, float, float], [float, float, float], [float, float, float], [float, float, float]], ...]``.
+"""
+
+CubicBezierPath: TypeAlias = Point3D_Array
+"""``shape: (4*N, 3)``
+
+A `Point3D_Array` of :math:`4N` points, where each one of the
+:math:`N` consecutive blocks of 4 points represents a cubic Bézier
+curve:
+``[[float, float, float], ...], ...]``.
+
+Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for
+further type information.
+"""
+
+CubicSpline: TypeAlias = CubicBezierPath
+"""``shape: (4*N, 3)``
+
+A special case of `CubicBezierPath` where all the :math:`N` cubic
+Bézier curves are connected, forming a quadratic spline:
+``[[float, float, float], ...], ...]``.
+
+Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for
+further type information.
+"""
 
+BezierPoints: TypeAlias = Point3D_Array
+r"""``shape: (PPC, 3)``
+
+A `Point3D_Array` of :math:`\text{PPC}` control points
+(:math:`\text{PPC: Points Per Curve} = n + 1`) for a single
+:math:`n`-th degree Bézier curve:
+``[[float, float, float], ...]``.
+
+Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for
+further type information.
+"""
+
+BezierPoints_Array: TypeAlias = Union[npt.NDArray[PointDType], tuple[BezierPoints, ...]]
+r"""``shape: (N, PPC, 3)``
+
+An array of :math:`N` `BezierPoints` objects containing
+:math:`\text{PPC}` `Point3D` objects each
+(:math:`\text{PPC: Points Per Curve} = n + 1`):
+``[[[float, float, float], ...], ...]``.
+
+Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for
+further type information.
+"""
+
+BezierPath: TypeAlias = Point3D_Array
+r"""``shape: (PPC*N, 3)``
+
+A `Point3D_Array` of :math:`\text{PPC} \cdot N` points, where each
+one of the :math:`N` consecutive blocks of :math:`\text{PPC}` control
+points (:math:`\text{PPC: Points Per Curve} = n + 1`) represents a
+Bézier curve of :math:`n`-th degree:
+``[[float, float, float], ...], ...]``.
+
+Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for
+further type information.
+"""
+
+Spline: TypeAlias = BezierPath
+r"""``shape: (PPC*N, 3)``
+
+A special case of `BezierPath` where all the :math:`N` Bézier curves
+consisting of :math:`\text{PPC}` `Point3D` objects
+(:math:`\text{PPC: Points Per Curve} = n + 1`) are connected, forming
+an :math:`n`-th degree spline:
+``[[float, float, float], ...], ...]``.
+
+Please refer to the documentation of the function you are using for
+further type information.
+"""
+
+FlatBezierPoints: TypeAlias = Union[npt.NDArray[PointDType], tuple[float, ...]]
+"""``shape: (3*PPC*N,)``
+
+A flattened array of Bézier control points:
+``[float, ...]``.
+"""
+
+
+"""
+[CATEGORY]
+Function types
+"""
+
+# Due to current limitations
+# (see https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/14656 / 8263),
+# we don't specify the first argument type (Mobject).
+# Nor are we able to specify the return type (Animation) since we cannot import
+# that here.
+FunctionOverride: TypeAlias = Callable
+"""Function type returning an :class:`~.Animation` for the specified
+:class:`~.Mobject`.
+"""
 
-# Misc
 PathFuncType: TypeAlias = Callable[[Point3D, Point3D, float], Point3D]
-"""Function mapping two points and an alpha value to a new point"""
+"""Function mapping two `Point3D` objects and an alpha value to a new
+`Point3D`.
+"""
 
 MappingFunction: TypeAlias = Callable[[Point3D], Point3D]
-"""A function mapping a Point3D to another Point3D"""
+"""A function mapping a `Point3D` to another `Point3D`."""
 
-Image: TypeAlias = np.ndarray
-"""An Image"""
 
-StrPath: TypeAlias = "str | PathLike[str]"
-StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = "str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]"
+"""
+[CATEGORY]
+Image types
+"""
+
+Image: TypeAlias = npt.NDArray[ManimInt]
+"""``shape: (height, width) | (height, width, 3) | (height, width, 4)``
+
+A rasterized image with a height of ``height`` pixels and a width of
+``width`` pixels.
+
+Every value in the array is an integer from 0 to 255.
+
+Every pixel is represented either by a single integer indicating its
+lightness (for greyscale images), an `RGB_Array_Int` or an
+`RGBA_Array_Int`.
+"""
+
+GrayscaleImage: TypeAlias = Image
+"""``shape: (height, width)``
+
+A 100% opaque grayscale `Image`, where every pixel value is a
+`ManimInt` indicating its lightness (black -> gray -> white).
+"""
+
+RGBImage: TypeAlias = Image
+"""``shape: (height, width, 3)``
+
+A 100% opaque `Image` in color, where every pixel value is an
+`RGB_Array_Int` object.
+"""
+
+RGBAImage: TypeAlias = Image
+"""``shape: (height, width, 4)``
+
+An `Image` in color where pixels can be transparent. Every pixel
+value is an `RGBA_Array_Int` object.
+"""
+
+
+"""
+[CATEGORY]
+Path types
+"""
+
+StrPath: TypeAlias = Union[str, PathLike[str]]
+"""A string or :class:`os.PathLike` representing a path to a
+directory or file.
+"""
+
+StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = Union[str, bytes, PathLike[str], PathLike[bytes]]
+"""A string, bytes or :class:`os.PathLike` object representing a path
+to a directory or file.
+"""