lunapi 1.3.1__cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl

lunapi/lunapi1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2546 @@
+"""lunapi1 module: a high-level wrapper around lunapi0 module functions"""
+
+# Luna Python interface (lunapi)
+# v1.3.1, 16-Sep-2025
+
+import lunapi.lunapi0 as _luna
+
+import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.stats.mstats import winsorize
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from matplotlib import cm
+from IPython.core import display as ICD
+import plotly.graph_objects as go
+import plotly.express as px
+from ipywidgets import widgets, AppLayout
+from itertools import cycle
+import re
+import requests
+import io
+import tempfile
+import os
+import tempfile
+from ipywidgets import IntProgress
+from IPython.display import display
+import time
+import pathlib
+
+
+# resource set for Docker container version
+class resources:
+   POPS_PATH = '/build/nsrr/common/resources/pops/'
+   POPS_LIB = 's2'
+   MODEL_PATH = '/build/luna-models/'
+
+lp_version = "v1.3.1"
+   
+# C++ singleton class (engine & sample list)
+# lunapi_t      --> luna
+
+# one observation
+# lunapi_inst_T --> inst
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# luna class 
+
+class proj:
+   """Instance of the underlying Luna engine
+
+   Only a single instance of this will be generated per session, via proj().
+
+   This class also contains a sample-list and utility functions for importing
+   Luna output databases.
+   """
+   
+   # single static engine class
+   eng = _luna.inaugurate()
+   
+   def __init__(self, verbose = True ):
+      self.n = 0
+      if verbose: print( "initiated lunapi",lp_version,proj.eng ,"\n" )
+      self.silence( False )
+      self.eng = _luna.inaugurate()
+      
+   def retire(self):
+      """Retires an existing Luna engine generated via proj()"""
+      return _luna.retire()
+   
+   def build( self, args ):
+      """Builds an internal sample-list object given a set of folders
+      
+      This generates an internal sample-list by finding EDF and annotation
+      files across one or more folders.  This provides the same functionality
+      as the `--build` option of Luna, which is described here:
+
+      https://zzz.bwh.harvard.edu/luna/ref/helpers/#-build
+
+      After building, a call to sample_list() will return the number of individuals
+      
+      Parameters
+      ----------
+      args : [ str ] 
+          a list of folder names and optional arguments to be passed to build
+
+      """
+
+      # first clear any existing sample list
+      proj.eng.clear()
+
+      # then try to build a new one
+      if type( args ) is not list: args = [ args ]
+      return proj.eng.build_sample_list( args )
+
+   
+   def sample_list(self, filename = None , path = None , df = True ):
+      """Reads a sample-list 'filenamne', optionally setting 'path' and returns the number of observations
+
+      If filename is not defined, this returns the internal sample list
+      as an object
+
+      Parameters
+      ----------
+      filename : str
+          optional filename of a sample-list to read
+
+      path : str
+          optional path to preprend to the sample-list when reading (sets the 'path' variable)
+
+      df : bool
+          if returning a sample-list, return as a Pandas dataframe
+      
+      Returns
+      -------
+      list
+          a list of strings representing the sample-list (IDs, EDFs, annotations for each individual)
+      """
+    
+      # return sample list
+      if filename is None:
+         sl = proj.eng.get_sample_list()
+         if df is True:
+            sl = pd.DataFrame( sl )
+            sl.columns = [ 'ID' , 'EDF', 'Annotations' ]
+            sl.index += 1 
+         return sl
+
+      # set path?
+      if path is not None:
+         print( "setting path to " , path )
+         self.var( 'path' , path )
+         
+      # read sample list from file, after clearing anything present
+      proj.eng.clear()
+      self.n = proj.eng.read_sample_list( filename )
+      print( "read",self.n,"individuals from" , filename )
+
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      
+   def nobs(self):
+      """The number of observations in the internal sample list
+
+      Returns                                                                                                                                                                         
+      -------
+      int
+          the number of observations in the sample-list
+      """
+
+      return proj.eng.nobs()
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      
+   def validate( self ):
+      """Validates an internal sample-list 
+      
+      This provides the same functionality
+      as the `--validate` option of Luna, which is described here:
+
+      https://zzz.bwh.harvard.edu/luna/ref/helpers/#-validate
+
+      Parameters
+      ----------
+      none
+
+      """
+
+      tbl = proj.eng.validate_sample_list()
+      tbl = pd.DataFrame( tbl )
+      tbl.columns = [ 'ID' , 'Filename', 'Valid' ]
+      tbl.index += 1
+      return tbl
+
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      
+   def reset(self):
+      """ Drop Luna problem flag """
+      proj.eng.reset()
+
+   def reinit(self):
+      """ Re-initialize project """
+      proj.eng.reinit()
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   
+   def inst( self, n ):
+      """Generates a new instance"""
+
+      # check bounds
+      if type(n) is int:
+         # use 1-based counts as inputs
+         n = n - 1
+         if n < 0 or n >= self.nobs():
+            print( "index out-of-bounds given sample list of " + str(self.nobs()) + " records" )
+            return
+            
+      # if the arg is a str that matches a sample-list
+      if type(n) is str:
+         sn = self.get_n(n)
+         if type(sn) is int: n = sn
+         
+      # return based on n (from sample-list) or string/empty (new instance)
+      return inst(proj.eng.inst( n ))
+      
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   
+   def empty_inst( self, id, nr, rs, startdate = '01.01.00', starttime = '00.00.00' ):
+      """Generates a new instance with empty fixed-size EDF"""
+
+      # check inputs
+      nr = int( nr )
+      rs = int( rs )
+      if nr < 0:
+         print( "expecting nr (number of records) to be a positive integer" )
+         return      
+      if rs < 0:
+         print( "expecting rs (record duration, secs) to be a positive integer" )
+         return
+      
+      # return instance of fixed size
+      return inst(proj.eng.empty_inst(id, nr, rs, startdate, starttime ))
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def clear(self):
+      """Clears any existing project sample-list"""
+      proj.eng.clear()
+
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def silence(self, b = True , verbose = False ):
+      """Toggles the output mode on/off"""
+      if verbose:
+         if b: print( 'silencing console outputs' )
+         else: print( 'enabling console outputs' )
+      proj.eng.silence(b)
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def is_silenced(self, b = True ):
+      """Reports on whether log is silenced"""
+      return proj.eng.is_silenced()
+      
+      
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def flush(self):
+      """Internal command, to flush the output buffer"""
+      proj.eng.flush()
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def include( self, f ):
+      """Include options/variables from a @parameter-file"""
+      return proj.eng.include( f )
+
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def aliases( self ):
+      """Return a table of signal/annotation aliases"""
+      t = pd.DataFrame( proj.eng.aliases() )      
+      t.index = t.index + 1
+      if len( t ) == 0: return t
+      t.columns = ["Type", "Preferred", "Case-insensitive, sanitized alias" ]
+      with pd.option_context('display.max_rows', None,):   
+         display(t)
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def var(self , key=None , value=None):
+      """Set or get project-level options(s)/variables(s)"""
+      return self.vars( key, value )
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def vars(self , key=None , value=None):
+      """Set or get project-level options(s)/variables(s)"""
+
+      # return all vars?
+      if key is None:
+         return proj.eng.get_all_opts()
+
+      # return one or more vars?
+      if value is None:
+         
+         # return 1?
+         if type( key ) is str:
+            return proj.eng.get_opt( key )
+
+         # return some?
+         if type( key ) is list:
+            return proj.eng.get_opts( key )
+
+      # set from a dict
+      if isinstance(key, dict):
+         for k, v in key.items():
+            self.vars(k,v)
+         return
+
+      # set a single pair
+      proj.eng.opt( key, str( value ) )
+
+            
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#   def clear_var(self,key):
+#      """Clear project-level option(s)/variable(s)"""
+#      self.clear_vars(key)
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def clear_vars(self,key = None ):
+      """Clear project-level option(s)/variable(s)"""
+
+      # clear all
+      if key is None:
+         proj.eng.clear_all_opts()
+         # and a spectial case: the sig list
+         self.vars( 'sig', '' )
+         return
+
+      # clear some/one
+      if type(key) is not list: key = [ key ]
+      proj.eng.clear_opts(key)
+
+      
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------   
+   def clear_ivars(self):
+      """Clear individual-level variables for all individuals"""
+      proj.eng.clear_ivars()
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def get_n(self,id):
+      """Return the number of individuals in the sample-list"""
+      return proj.eng.get_n(id)
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------   
+   def get_id(self,n):
+      """Return the ID of an individual from the sample-list"""
+      return proj.eng.get_id(n)
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def get_edf(self,x):
+      """Return the EDF filename for an individual from the sample-list"""
+      if ( isinstance(x,int) ):
+         return proj.eng.get_edf(x)
+      else:
+         return proj.eng.get_edf(proj.eng.get_n(x))
+
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------      
+   def get_annots(self,x):
+      """Return the annotation filenames for an individual from the sample-list"""
+      if ( isinstance(x,int) ):
+         return proj.eng.get_annot(x)
+      else:
+         return proj.eng.get_annot(proj.eng.get_n(x))
+
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------      
+   def import_db(self,f,s=None):
+      """Import a destrat-style Luna output database"""
+      if s is None:
+         return proj.eng.import_db(f)
+      else:
+         return proj.eng.import_db_subset(f,s)
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------      
+   def desc( self ):
+      """Returns table of descriptives for all sample-list individuals"""
+      silence_mode = self.is_silenced()
+      self.silence(True,False)
+      t = pd.DataFrame( proj.eng.desc() )
+      self.silence( silence_mode , False )
+      t.index = t.index + 1
+      if len( t ) == 0: return t
+      t.columns = ["ID","Gapped","Date","Start(hms)","Stop(hms)","Dur(hms)","Dur(s)","# sigs","# annots","Signals" ]
+      with pd.option_context('max_colwidth',None):
+         display(t)
+
+      
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------      
+   def proc(self, cmdstr ):
+      """Evaluates one or more Luna commands for all sample-list individuals"""
+      r = proj.eng.eval(cmdstr)
+      return tables( r )
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
+   def silent_proc(self, cmdstr ):
+      """Silently evaluates one or more Luna commands for all sample-list individuals"""
+      silence_mode = self.is_silenced()
+      self.silence(True,False)
+      r = proj.eng.eval(cmdstr)
+      self.silence( silence_mode , False )
+      return tables( r )
+      
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------   
+   def commands( self ):
+      """Return a list of commands in the output set (following proc()"""
+      t = pd.DataFrame( proj.eng.commands() )
+      t.columns = ["Command"]
+      return t
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def empty_result_set( self ):
+      return len( proj.eng.strata()  ) == 0
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------   
+   def strata( self ):
+      """Return a datraframe of command/strata pairs from the output set"""
+      
+      if self.empty_result_set(): return None
+      t = pd.DataFrame( proj.eng.strata() )      
+      t.columns = ["Command","Strata"]
+      return t
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def table( self, cmd , strata = 'BL' ):
+      """Return a dataframe from the output set"""
+      if self.empty_result_set(): return None
+      r = proj.eng.table( cmd , strata )
+      t = pd.DataFrame( r[1] ).T
+      t.columns = r[0]
+      return t
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def variables( self, cmd , strata = 'BL' ):
+      """Return a list of all variables for an output table"""
+      if self.empty_result_set(): return None
+      return proj.eng.vars( cmd , strata )
+
+
+# 
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# project level wrapper functions
+#
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def pops( self, s = None, s1 = None , s2 = None,
+             path = None , lib = None ,
+             do_edger = True ,
+             no_filter = False ,
+             do_reref = False ,
+             m = None , m1 = None , m2 = None,
+             lights_off = '.' , lights_on = '.' ,
+             ignore_obs = False, 
+             args = '' ):
+      """Run the POPS stager"""
+
+      if path is None: path = resources.POPS_PATH
+      if lib is None: lib = resources.POPS_LIB
+      
+      import os
+      if not os.path.isdir( path ):         
+         return 'could not open POPS resource path ' + path 
+
+      if s is None and s1 is None:
+         print( 'must set s or s1 and s2 to EEGs' )
+         return
+
+      if ( s1 is None ) != ( s2 is None ):
+         print( 'must set s or s1 and s2 to EEGs' )
+         return
+         
+      # set options
+      self.var( 'mpath' , path )
+      self.var( 'lib' , lib )
+      self.var( 'do_edger' , '1' if do_edger else '0' )
+      self.var( 'do_reref' , '1' if do_reref else '0' )
+      self.var( 'no_filter' , '1' if no_filter else '0' )
+      self.var( 'LOFF' , lights_off )
+      self.var( 'LON' , lights_on )
+      
+      if s is not None: self.var( 's' , s )
+      else: self.clear_vars( 's' )
+      
+      if m is not None: self.var( 'm' , m )
+      else: self.clear_vars( 'm' )
+
+      if s1 is not None: self.var( 's1' , s1 )
+      else: self.clear_vars( 's1' )
+      
+      if s2 is not None: self.var( 's2' , s2 )
+      else: self.clear_vars( 's2' )
+      
+      if m1 is not None: self.var( 'm1' , m1 )
+      else: self.clear_vars( 'm1' )
+      
+      if m2 is not None: self.var( 'm2' , m2 )
+      else: self.clear_vars( 'm2' )
+            
+      # get either one- or two-channel mode Luna script from POPS folder
+      twoch = s1 is not None and s2 is not None;
+      if twoch: cmdstr = cmdfile( path + '/s2.ch2.txt' )
+      else: cmdstr = cmdfile( path + '/s2.ch1.txt' )
+
+      # swap in any additional options to POPS
+      if ignore_obs is True:
+         args = args + ' ignore-obs-staging';
+         if do_edger is True:
+            cmdstr = cmdstr.replace( 'EDGER' , 'EDGER all' )
+      if args != '':
+            cmdstr = cmdstr.replace( 'POPS' , 'POPS ' + args + ' ')
+      
+      # run the command
+      self.proc( cmdstr )
+
+      # return of results
+      return self.table( 'POPS' )
+
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def predict_SUN2019( self, cen , th = '3' , path = None ):
+      """Run SUN2019 prediction model for a project
+
+      This assumes that ${age} will be set via a vars file, i.e.
+
+         proj.var( 'vars' , 'ages.txt' )      
+
+      """
+      if path is None: path = resources.MODEL_PATH
+      if type( cen ) is list: cen = ','.join( cen )
+      self.var( 'cen' , cen )
+      self.var( 'mpath' , path )
+      self.var( 'th' , str(th) )
+      self.proc( cmdfile( resources.MODEL_PATH + '/m1-adult-age-luna.txt' ) )
+      return self.table( 'PREDICT' )
+
+
+
+
+      
+
+# ================================================================================
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
+#  
+# inst class 
+#
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# ================================================================================
+
+class inst:
+   """This class represents a single individual/instance (signals & annotations)"""
+   
+   def __init__(self,p=None):
+      if ( isinstance(p,str) ):
+         self.edf = _luna.inst(p)
+      elif (isinstance(p,_luna.inst)):
+         self.edf = p
+      else:
+         self.edf = _luna.inst()
+
+   def __repr__(self):
+      return f'{self.edf}'
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def id(self):
+      return self.edf.get_id()
+      
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def attach_edf( self, f ):
+      """Attach an EDF from a file"""
+      return self.edf.attach_edf( f )
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def attach_annot( self, annot ):
+      """Attach annotations from a file"""
+      return self.edf.attach_annot( annot )
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def stat( self ):
+      """Return a dataframe of basic statistics"""
+      t = pd.DataFrame( self.edf.stat(), index=[0] ).T
+      t.columns = ["Value"]
+      return t
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def refresh( self ):
+      """Refresh an attached EDF"""
+      self.edf.refresh()
+      # also need to reset Luna problem flag
+      # note: current kludge: problem is proj-wide
+      #       so this will not play well w/ multiple EDFs
+      # todo: implement inst-specific prob flag
+      
+      _proj = proj(False)
+      _proj.reset();
+
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def clear_vars(self, keys = None ):
+      """Clear some or all individual-level variable(s)"""
+
+      # all
+      if keys is None:
+         self.edf.clear_ivar()
+         return
+
+      # one/some
+      if type( keys ) is not set: keys = set( keys )
+      self.edf.clear_selected_ivar( keys )
+      
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def var( self , key = None , value = None ):
+      """Set or get individual-level variable(s)"""
+      return self.vars( key , value )
+   
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------      
+   def vars( self , key = None , value = None ):
+      """Set or get individual-level variable(s)"""
+
+      # return all i-vars
+      if key is None:
+         return self.edf.ivars()
+
+      # return one i-var   
+      if value is None and type( key ) is str:
+         return self.edf.get_ivar( key )
+      
+      # set from a dict of key-value pairs
+      if isinstance(key, dict):
+         for k, v in key.items():
+            self.vars(k,v)
+         return
+
+      # set a single pair
+      self.edf.ivar( key , str(value) )
+               
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------      
+   def desc( self ):
+      """Returns of dataframe of current channels"""
+      t = pd.DataFrame( self.edf.desc() ).T
+      t.index =	t.index	+ 1
+      if len( t ) == 0: return t
+      t.columns = ["ID","Gapped","Date","Start(hms)","Stop(hms)","Dur(hms)","Dur(s)","# sigs","# annots","Signals" ]
+      with pd.option_context('display.max_colwidth',None):
+         display(t)
+   
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------      
+   def channels( self ):
+      """Returns of dataframe of current channels"""
+      t = pd.DataFrame( self.edf.channels() )
+      if len( t ) == 0: return t
+      t.columns = ["Channels"]
+      return t
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------      
+   def chs( self ):
+      """Returns of dataframe of current channels"""
+      t = pd.DataFrame( self.edf.channels() )
+      if len( t ) == 0: return t
+      t.columns = ["Channels"]
+      return t
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------      
+   def headers(self):
+      """Return channel header info"""
+      _proj = proj(False)
+      silence_mode = _proj.is_silenced()
+      _proj.silence(True,False)
+      df = self.proc( "HEADERS" )[ 'HEADERS: CH' ]
+      _proj.silence( silence_mode , False )
+      return df
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------   
+   def annots( self ):
+      """Returns of dataframe of current annotations"""
+      t = pd.DataFrame( self.edf.annots() )
+      if len( t ) == 0: return t
+      t.columns = ["Annotations"]
+      return t
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------   
+   def fetch_annots( self , anns , interp = -1 ):
+      """Returns of dataframe of annotation events"""
+      if type( anns ) is not list: anns = [ anns ]
+      t = pd.DataFrame( self.edf.fetch_annots( anns , interp ) )
+      if len( t ) == 0: return t
+      t.columns = ['Class', 'Start', 'Stop' ]
+      t = t.sort_values(by=['Start', 'Stop', 'Class'])
+      t['Start'] = t['Start'].round(decimals=3)
+      t['Stop'] = t['Stop'].round(decimals=3)
+      return t
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------   
+   def fetch_fulls_annots( self , anns ):
+      """Returns of dataframe of annotation events"""
+      if type( anns ) is not list: anns = [ anns ]
+      t = pd.DataFrame( self.edf.fetch_full_annots( anns ) )
+      if len( t ) == 0: return t
+      t.columns = ['Class', 'Instance','Channel','Meta','Start', 'Stop' ]
+      t = t.sort_values(by=['Start', 'Stop', 'Class','Instance'])
+      t['Start'] = t['Start'].round(decimals=3)
+      t['Stop'] = t['Stop'].round(decimals=3)
+      return t
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def eval( self, cmdstr ):
+      """Evaluate one or more Luna commands, storing results internally"""
+      self.edf.eval( cmdstr )
+      return self.strata()
+      
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def proc( self, cmdstr ):
+      """Evaluate one or more Luna commands, returning results as an object"""
+      # < log , tables >
+      r = self.edf.proc( cmdstr )
+      # extract and return result tables
+      return tables( r[1] ) 
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                                           
+   def silent_proc( self, cmdstr ):
+      """Silently evaluate one or more Luna commands (for internal use)"""
+      
+      _proj = proj(False)
+      silence_mode = _proj.is_silenced()
+      _proj.silence(True,False)
+      
+      r = self.edf.proc( cmdstr )
+
+      _proj.silence( silence_mode , False )
+
+      # extract and return result tables
+      return tables( r[1] )
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------   
+   def empty_result_set( self ):
+      return len( self.edf.strata()  ) == 0
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def strata( self ):
+      """Return a dataframe of command/strata pairs from the output set"""
+      if ( self.empty_result_set() ): return None
+      t = pd.DataFrame( self.edf.strata() )
+      t.columns = ["Command","Strata"]
+      return t
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def table( self, cmd , strata = 'BL' ):
+      """Return a dataframe for a given command/strata pair from the output set"""
+      if ( self.empty_result_set() ): return None
+      r = self.edf.table( cmd , strata )
+      t = pd.DataFrame( r[1] ).T
+      t.columns = r[0]
+      return t
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def variables( self, cmd , strata = 'BL' ):
+      """Return a list of all variables for a output set table"""
+      if ( self.empty_result_set() ): return None
+      return self.edf.variables( cmd , strata )
+
+
+   #------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def e2i( self, epochs ):
+      """Helper function to convert epoch (1-based) to intervals"""
+      if type( epochs ) is not list: epochs = [ epochs ]
+      return self.edf.e2i( epochs )
+     
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def s2i( self, secs ):
+      """Helper function to convert seconds to intervals"""
+      return self.edf.s2i( secs )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def data( self, chs , annots = None , time = False ):
+      """Returns all data for certain channels and annotations"""
+      if type( chs ) is not list: chs = [ chs ]
+      if annots is not None:
+         if type( annots ) is not list: annots = [ annots ]
+      if annots is None: annots = [ ]
+      return self.edf.data( chs , annots , time )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def slice( self, intervals, chs , annots = None , time = False ):
+      """Return signal/annotation data aggregated over a set of intervals"""
+      if type( chs ) is not list: chs = [ chs ]
+      if annots is not None:
+         if type( annots ) is not list: annots = [ annots ]
+      if annots is None: annots = [ ]
+      return self.edf.slice( intervals, chs , annots , time )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
+   def slices( self, intervals, chs , annots = None , time = False ):
+      """Return a series of signal/annotation data objects for each requested interval"""
+      if type( chs ) is not list: chs = [ chs ]
+      if annots is not None:
+         if type( annots ) is not list: annots = [ annots ]
+      if annots is None: annots = [ ]
+      return self.edf.slices( intervals, chs , annots , time )
+   
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def insert_signal( self, label , data , sr ):
+      """Insert a signal into an in-memory EDF"""
+      return self.edf.insert_signal( label , data , sr )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def update_signal( self, label , data ):
+      """Update an existing signal in an in-memory EDF"""
+      return self.edf.update_signal( label , data )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def insert_annot( self, label , intervals, durcol2 = False ):
+      """Insert annotations into an in-memory dataset"""
+      return self.edf.insert_annot( label , intervals , durcol2 )
+
+
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   #
+   # Luna function wrappers
+   #
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def freeze( self , f ):
+      self.eval( 'FREEZE ' + f )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def thaw( self , f , remove = False ):
+      if remove:
+         self.eval( 'THAW tag=' + f + 'remove' )
+      else:
+         self.eval( 'THAW ' + f )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def empty_freezer( self ):
+      self.eval( 'CLEAN-FREEZER' )
+      
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def mask( self , f = None ):
+      if f is None: return
+      if type(f) is not list: f = [ f ]
+      [ self.eval( 'MASK ' + _f ) for _f in f ]
+      self.eval( 'RE' )   
+
+   
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def segments( self ):
+      self.eval( 'SEGMENTS' )
+      return self.table( 'SEGMENTS' , 'SEG' )
+   
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def epoch( self , f = '' ):
+      self.eval( 'EPOCH ' + f )
+
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def epochs( self ):
+      self.eval( 'EPOCH table' )                
+      df = self.table( 'EPOCH' , 'E' )
+      df = df[[ 'E', 'E1', 'LABEL', 'HMS', 'START','STOP','DUR' ]]
+      #df = df.drop(columns = ['ID','TP','MID','INTERVAL'] )
+      return df
+      
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   #  tfview : spectral regional viewer
+
+   # for high-def plots:
+   # import matplotlib as mpl 
+   # mpl.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 300 
+
+   def tfview( self , ch,
+               e = None , t = None , a = None,
+               tw = 2, sec = 2 , inc = 0.1 ,             
+               f = ( 0.5 , 30 ) , winsor = 0.025 ,
+               anns = None , norm = None ,
+               traces = True, 
+               xlines = None , ylines = None , silent = True , pal = 'turbo' ):
+
+      """Generates an MTM spectrogram
+
+      Main channel
+      ------------
+      ch   : a single channel --> MTM 
+
+      Selection of intervals
+      ----------------------
+      e    : one or [ start , stop ] epochs (1-based)
+    
+      Optional views
+      --------------
+      traces  : T/F show raw signal
+      anns : show optional annotations
+
+      Misc
+      ----
+      norm : normalization mode    
+      todo: option to specify hms times
+      todo: collapse over time-locked values (e.g. TLOCK)
+      
+      """
+
+      # for now, accept only a single channel
+      assert type(ch) is str
+
+      # units
+      hdr = self.headers()
+      units = dict( zip( hdr.CH , hdr.PDIM ) )
+
+      # define window                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
+      w = None
+      if type(e) is list and len(e) == 2 :
+         w = self.e2i( e )
+         w = [ i for tuple in w for i in tuple ]
+         w = [ min(w) , max(w) ] 
+      elif type(e) is int:
+         w = self.e2i( e )
+         w = [ i for tuple in w for i in tuple ]
+      elif type( t ) is list and len( t ) == 2:
+         w = t
+
+      if w is None: return
+
+      # window in seconds
+      ws = [ x * 1e-9 for x in w ]
+      ls = ws[1] - ws[0]
+
+      # build command
+      cstr = 'MTM dB  segment-sec=' + str(sec) + ' segment-inc=' + str(inc) + ' tw=' + str(tw)
+      cstr += ' segment-spectra segment-output sig=' + ','.join( [ ch ] )
+      cstr += ' start=' + str(ws[0]) + ' stop=' + str(ws[1]) 
+      if f is not None: cstr += ' min=' + str(f[0]) + ' max=' + str(f[1]) 
+                
+      # run MTM
+      if silent is True: self.silent_proc( cstr )
+      else: self.proc( cstr )
+    
+      if self.empty_result_set(): return
+    
+      # extract
+      tf = self.table( 'MTM' , 'CH_F_SEG' )
+      tf = tf.astype({'SEG': int })
+      tf.drop( 'ID' , axis=1, inplace=True)
+
+      tt = self.table('MTM','CH_SEG')
+      tt = tt.astype({'SEG': int })
+      tt['T'] = tt[['START', 'STOP']].mean(axis=1)
+      tt.drop( ['ID','DISC','START','STOP'] , axis=1, inplace=True)
+
+      m = pd.merge( tt ,tf , on= ['CH','SEG'] )    
+
+      x = m['T'].to_numpy(dtype=float)
+      y = m['F'].to_numpy(dtype=float)
+      z = m['MTM'].to_numpy(dtype=float)    
+      u = m['T'].unique()
+
+      # normalize?
+      if norm == 't':
+         groups = m.groupby(['CH','F'])[['MTM']]
+         mean, std = groups.transform("mean"), groups.transform("std")
+         mz = (m[mean.columns] - mean) / std
+         z = mz['MTM'].to_numpy(dtype=float)
+
+
+      # clip y-axes to observed
+      if max(y) < f[1]: f = (f[0] , max(y))
+      if min(y) > f[0]: f = (min(y) , f[1])
+    
+      # get time domain signal/annotations
+      d = self.slices( [ (w[0] , w[1] )] , chs = ch , annots = anns , time = True )
+      dt = d[1][0]
+      tx = dt[:,0]
+      dvs = d[0][1:]
+    
+      # make spectrogram
+      xn = np.unique(x).size
+      yn = np.unique(y).size
+    
+      # winsorize power
+      z = winsorize( z , limits=[winsor, winsor] )
+    
+      zi, yi, xi = np.histogram2d(y, x, bins=(yn,xn), weights=z, density=False )
+      counts, _, _ = np.histogram2d(y, x, bins=(yn,xn))
+      with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'): zi = zi / counts
+      zi = np.ma.masked_invalid(zi)    
+    
+      # do plot
+  
+      if traces is True:
+         fig, axs = plt.subplots( nrows = 2 , ncols = 1 , sharex=True,  height_ratios=[1, 2] )
+         axs[0].set_title( self.id() )
+         fig.set_figheight(5)
+         fig.set_figwidth(15)
+         axs[0].set_ylabel( ch + ' (' + units[ch] + ')' ) 
+         axs[0].set(xlim=ws)
+         axs[1].set(xlim=ws, ylim=f)
+         axs[1].set_xlabel('Time (secs)')
+         axs[1].set_ylabel('Frequency (Hz)')
+         p1 = axs[1].pcolormesh(xi, yi, zi, cmap = pal )
+         fig.colorbar(p1, orientation="horizontal", drawedges = False, shrink = 0.2 , pad = 0.3)
+         [ axs[0].plot( tx , dt[:,di+1] , label = dvs[di] , linewidth=0.5 ) for di in range(0,len(dvs)) if dvs[di] in [ ch ] ]
+
+      if traces is False:
+         fig, ax = plt.subplots( nrows = 1 , ncols = 1 , sharex=True  )
+         ax.set_title( self.id() )
+         fig.set_figheight(5)
+         fig.set_figwidth(15)
+         ax.set(xlim=ws, ylim=f)
+         ax.set_xlabel('Time (secs)')
+         ax.set_ylabel('Frequency (Hz)')
+         p1 = ax.pcolormesh(xi, yi, zi, cmap = pal )
+         fig.colorbar(p1, orientation="horizontal", drawedges = False, shrink = 0.2 , pad = 0.3)
+
+      return
+
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def pops( self, s = None, s1 = None , s2 = None,
+             path = None , lib = None ,
+             do_edger = True ,
+             no_filter = False ,
+             do_reref = False ,
+             m = None , m1 = None , m2 = None ,
+             lights_off = '.' , lights_on = '.' ,
+             ignore_obs = False, 
+             args = '' ):
+      """Run the POPS stager"""
+
+      if path is None: path = resources.POPS_PATH
+      if lib is None: lib = resources.POPS_LIB
+      
+      import os
+      if not os.path.isdir( path ):         
+         return 'could not open POPS resource path ' + path 
+
+      if s is None and s1 is None:
+         print( 'must set s or s1 and s2 to EEGs' )
+         return
+
+      if ( s1 is None ) != ( s2 is None ):
+         print( 'must set s or s1 and s2 to EEGs' )
+         return
+         
+      # set options
+      self.var( 'mpath' , path )
+      self.var( 'lib' , lib )
+      self.var( 'do_edger' , '1' if do_edger else '0' )
+      self.var( 'do_reref' , '1' if do_reref else '0' )
+      self.var( 'no_filter' , '1' if no_filter else '0' )
+      self.var( 'LOFF' , lights_off )
+      self.var( 'LON' , lights_on )
+
+      if s is not None: self.var( 's' , s )
+      if m is not None: self.var( 'm' , m )
+      if s1 is not None: self.var( 's1' , s1 )
+      if s2 is not None: self.var( 's2' , s2 )
+      if m1 is not None: self.var( 'm1' , m1 )
+      if m2 is not None: self.var( 'm2' , m2 )
+      
+      # get either one- or two-channel mode Luna script from POPS folder
+      twoch = s1 is not None and s2 is not None;
+      if twoch: cmdstr = cmdfile( path + '/s2.ch2.txt' )
+      else: cmdstr = cmdfile( path + '/s2.ch1.txt' )
+
+      # swap in any additional options to POPS
+      if ignore_obs is True:
+         args = args + ' ignore-obs-staging';
+         if do_edger is True:
+            cmdstr = cmdstr.replace( 'EDGER' , 'EDGER all' )
+      if args != '':
+         cmdstr = cmdstr.replace( 'POPS' , 'POPS ' + args + ' ')
+      
+      
+      # run the command
+      self.proc( cmdstr )
+
+      # return of results
+      return self.table( 'POPS' , 'E' )
+
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def predict_SUN2019( self, cen , age = None , th = '3' , path = None ):
+      """Run SUN2019 prediction model for a single individual"""
+      if path is None: path = resources.MODEL_PATH
+      if type( cen ) is list : cen = ','.join( cen )
+      
+      # set i-vars
+      if age is None:
+         print( 'need to set age indiv-var' )
+         return
+      self.var( 'age' , str(age) )
+      self.var( 'cen' , cen )
+      self.var( 'mpath' , path )
+      self.var( 'th' , str(th) )
+      self.eval( cmdfile( resources.MODEL_PATH + '/m1-adult-age-luna.txt' ) )
+      return self.table( 'PREDICT' )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
+   def stages(self):
+      """Return of a list of stages"""   
+      hyp = self.silent_proc( "STAGE" )
+      if type(hyp) is type(None): return
+      if 'STAGE: E' in hyp:
+         return hyp[ 'STAGE: E' ]
+      return
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
+   def hypno(self):
+      """Hypnogram of sleep stages"""
+      if self.has_staging() is not True:
+         print( "no staging attached" )
+         return
+      return hypno( self.stages()[ 'STAGE' ] )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def has_staging(self):
+      """Returns bool for whether staging is present"""
+      _proj = proj(False)
+      silence_mode = _proj.is_silenced()
+      _proj.silence(True,False)
+      res = self.edf.has_staging()
+      _proj.silence( silence_mode , False )
+      return res
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def has_annots(self,anns):
+      """Returns bool for which annotations are present"""
+      if anns is None: return
+      if type( anns ) is not list: anns = [ anns ]
+      return self.edf.has_annots( anns )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def has_annot(self,anns):
+      """Returns bool for which annotations are present"""
+      return self.has_annots(anns)
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def has_channels(self,ch):
+      """Return a bool to indicate whether a given channel exists"""
+      if ch is None: return
+      if type(ch) is not list: ch = [ ch ]
+      return self.edf.has_channels( ch )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def has(self,ch):
+      """Return a bool to indicate whether a given channel exists"""
+      if ch is None: return
+      if type(ch) is not list: ch = [ ch ]
+      return self.edf.has_channels( ch )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#   def psd(self, ch, minf = None, maxf = 25, minp = None, maxp = None , xlines = None , ylines = None ):
+#      """Spectrogram plot for a given channel 'ch'"""
+#      if type( ch ) is not str: return
+#      if all( self.has( ch ) ) is not True: return
+#      res = self.silent_proc( 'PSD spectrum dB max=' + str(maxf) + ' sig=' + ','.join(ch) )[ 'PSD: CH_F' ]
+#      return psd( res , ch, minf = minf, maxf = maxf, minp = minp, maxp = maxp , xlines = xlines , ylines = ylines )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def psd( self, ch, var = 'PSD' , minf = None, maxf = 25, minp = None, maxp = None , xlines = None , ylines = None ):
+      """Generates a PSD plot (from PSD or MTM) for one or more channel(s)"""
+      if ch is None: return
+      if type(ch) is not list: ch = [ ch ]
+
+      if var == 'PSD':
+         res = self.silent_proc( 'PSD spectrum dB max=' + str(maxf) + ' sig=' + ','.join(ch) )
+         df = res[ 'PSD: CH_F' ]
+      else:
+         res = self.silent_proc( 'MTM tw=15 dB max=' + str(maxf) + ' sig=' + ','.join(ch) )
+         df = res[ 'MTM: CH_F' ]
+         
+      psd( df = df , ch = ch , var = var ,
+           minf = minf , maxf = maxf , minp = minp , maxp = maxp ,
+           xlines = xlines , ylines = ylines )
+      
+    
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#   def spec( self, ch, var = 'PSD' , mine = None, maxe = None, minf = None, maxf = 25 , w = 0.025 ):
+#      """Generates an epoch-level PSD spectrogram (from PSD or MTM)"""
+#      if ch is None: return
+#      if type(ch) is not list: ch = [ ch ]
+#
+#      if var == 'PSD':
+#         self.eval( 'PSD epoch-spectrum dB max=' + str(maxf) + ' sig=' + ','.join(ch) )
+#         df = self.table( 'PSD' , 'CH_E_F' )
+#      else:
+#         self.eval( 'MTM epoch-spectra epoch epoch-output dB tw=15 max=' + str(maxf) + ' sig=' + ','.join(ch) )
+#         df = self.table( 'MTM' , 'CH_E_F' )
+#         
+#      spec( df = df , ch = None , var = var ,
+#            mine = mine , maxe = maxe , minf = minf , maxf = maxf , w = w )
+
+   # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+   def spec(self,ch,mine = None , maxe = None , minf = None, maxf = None, w = 0.025 ):
+      """PSD given channel 'ch'"""
+      if type( ch ) is not str:
+         return
+      if all( self.has( ch ) ) is not True:
+         return
+      if minf is None:
+         minf=0.5
+      if maxf is None:
+         maxf=25
+      res = self.silent_proc( "PSD epoch-spectrum dB sig="+ch+" min="+str(minf)+" max="+str(maxf) )[ 'PSD: CH_E_F' ]
+      return spec( res , ch=ch, var='PSD', mine=mine,maxe=maxe,minf=minf,maxf=maxf,w=w)
+
+
+      
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# misc non-member utilities functions
+#
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def fetch_doms():
+   """Fetch all command domains"""
+   return _luna.fetch_doms( True )
+
+def fetch_cmds( dom ):
+   """Fetch all commands"""
+   return _luna.fetch_cmds( dom, True )
+
+def fetch_params( cmd ):
+   """Fetch all command parameters"""
+   return _luna.fetch_params( cmd, True )
+
+def fetch_tbls( cmd ):
+   """Fetch all command tables"""
+   return _luna.fetch_tbls( cmd, True )
+
+def fetch_vars( cmd, tbl ):
+   """Fetch all command/table variables"""
+   return _luna.fetch_vars( cmd, tbl, True )
+
+def fetch_desc_dom( dom ):
+   """Description for a domain"""
+   return _luna.fetch_desc_dom( dom  )
+
+def fetch_desc_cmd( cmd ):
+   """Description for a command"""
+   return _luna.fetch_desc_cmd( cmd )
+
+def fetch_desc_param( cmd , param ):
+   """Description for a command/parameter"""
+   return _luna.fetch_desc_param( cmd, param )
+
+def fetch_desc_tbl( cmd , tbl ):
+   """Description for a command/table"""
+   return _luna.fetch_desc_tbl( cmd, tbl )
+
+def fetch_desc_var( cmd, tbl, var ):
+   """Fetch all command/table variable"""
+   return _luna.fetch_desc_var( cmd, tbl, var )
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def cmdfile( f ):
+   """load and parse a Luna command script from a file"""
+
+   return _luna.cmdfile( f )
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def strata( ts ):
+   """Utility function to format tables"""
+   r = [ ] 
+   for cmd in ts:
+      strata = ts[cmd].keys()
+      for stratum in strata:
+         r.append( ( cmd , strata ) )
+      return r
+
+   t = pd.DataFrame( self.edf.strata() )
+   t.columns = ["Command","Strata"]
+   return t
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def table( ts, cmd , strata = 'BL' ):
+   """Utility function to format tables"""
+   r = ts[cmd][strata]
+   t = pd.DataFrame( r[1] ).T
+   t.columns = r[0]
+   return t
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def tables( ts ):
+   """Utility function to format tables"""
+   r = { }
+   for cmd in ts.keys():
+      strata = ts[cmd].keys()
+      for stratum in strata:
+         r[ cmd + ": " + stratum ] = _table2df( ts[cmd][stratum] ) 
+   return r
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _table2df( r ):
+   """Utility function to format tables"""
+   t = pd.DataFrame( r[1] ).T
+   t.columns = r[0]
+   return t
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def show( dfs ):
+   """Utility function to format tables"""
+   for title , df in dfs.items():
+      print( _color.BOLD + _color.DARKCYAN + title + _color.END )
+      ICD.display(df)
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def subset( df , ids = None , qry = None , vars = None  ):
+   """Utility function to subset table rows/columns"""
+
+   # subset rows (ID)
+   if ids is not None:
+      if type(ids) is not list: ids = [ ids ]
+      df = df[ df[ 'ID' ].isin( ids ) ]
+
+   # subset rows (factors/levels)
+   if type(qry) is str:
+      df = df.query( qry )
+	
+   # subset cols (vars)
+   if vars is not None:
+      if type(vars) is not list: vars = [ vars ]
+      vars.insert( 0, 'ID' )
+      df = df[ vars ]
+
+   return df
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def concat( dfs , tlab , vars = None , add_index = None , ignore_index = True ):
+   """Utility function to extract and concatenate tables"""
+
+   # assume dict[k]['cmd: faclvl']->table
+   # and we want to concatenate over 'k'
+   # assume 'k' will be tracked in the tables (e.g. via TAG)
+
+   if add_index is not None:
+      for k in dfs.keys():
+         dfs[k][tlab][ [add_index] ] = k
+
+   if vars is not None:
+      if type(vars) is not list: vars = [ vars ]
+      dfs = pd.concat( [ dfs[ k ][ tlab ][ vars ] for k in dfs.keys() ] , ignore_index = ignore_index )
+   if vars is None:
+      dfs = pd.concat( [ dfs[ k ][ tlab ] for k in dfs.keys() ] , ignore_index = ignore_index )
+
+   return dfs
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# Helpers
+#
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def version():
+   """Return version of lunapi & luna"""
+   return { "lunapi": lp_version , "luna": _luna.version() }
+
+class _color:
+   PURPLE = '\033[95m'
+   CYAN = '\033[96m'
+   DARKCYAN = '\033[36m'
+   BLUE = '\033[94m'
+   GREEN = '\033[92m'
+   YELLOW = '\033[93m'
+   RED = '\033[91m'
+   BOLD = '\033[1m'
+   UNDERLINE = '\033[4m'
+   END = '\033[0m'
+
+
+
+
+def default_xy():
+   """Default channel locations (64-ch EEG only, currently)"""
+   vals = [["FP1", "AF7", "AF3", "F1", "F3", "F5", "F7", "FT7", 
+            "FC5", "FC3", "FC1", "C1", "C3", "C5", "T7", "TP7", "CP5", 
+            "CP3", "CP1", "P1", "P3", "P5", "P7", "P9", "PO7", "PO3", 
+            "O1", "IZ", "OZ", "POZ", "PZ", "CPZ", "FPZ", "FP2", "AF8", 
+            "AF4", "AFZ", "FZ", "F2", "F4", "F6", "F8", "FT8", "FC6", 
+            "FC4", "FC2", "FCZ", "CZ", "C2", "C4", "C6", "T8", "TP8", 
+            "CP6", "CP4", "CP2", "P2", "P4", "P6", "P8", "P10", "PO8", 
+            "PO4", "O2"],
+           [-0.139058, -0.264503, -0.152969, -0.091616, -0.184692, 
+            -0.276864, -0.364058, -0.427975, -0.328783, -0.215938, 
+            -0.110678, -0.1125, -0.225, -0.3375, -0.45, -0.427975, 
+            -0.328783, -0.215938, -0.110678, -0.091616, -0.184692, 
+            -0.276864, -0.364058, -0.4309, -0.264503, -0.152969, 
+            -0.139058, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.139058, 0.264503, 0.152969, 
+            0, 0, 0.091616, 0.184692, 0.276864, 0.364058, 0.427975, 
+            0.328783, 0.215938, 0.110678, 0, 0, 0.1125, 0.225, 0.3375, 
+            0.45, 0.427975, 0.328783, 0.215938, 0.110678, 0.091616, 
+            0.184692, 0.276864, 0.364058, 0.4309, 0.264503, 0.152969, 
+            0.139058],
+           [0.430423, 0.373607, 0.341595, 0.251562, 0.252734, 
+            0.263932, 0.285114, 0.173607, 0.162185, 0.152059, 0.14838, 
+            0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, -0.073607, -0.062185, -0.052059, 
+            -0.04838, -0.151562, -0.152734, -0.163932, -0.185114, 
+            -0.271394, -0.273607, -0.241595, -0.330422, -0.45, -0.35, 
+            -0.25, -0.15, -0.05, 0.45, 0.430423, 0.373607, 0.341595, 
+            0.35, 0.25, 0.251562, 0.252734, 0.263932, 0.285114, 0.173607, 
+            0.162185, 0.152059, 0.14838, 0.15, 0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 
+            0.05, 0.05, -0.073607, -0.062185, -0.052059, -0.04838, 
+            -0.151562, -0.152734, -0.163932, -0.185114, -0.271394, 
+            -0.273607, -0.241595, -0.330422]]
+    
+   topo = pd.DataFrame(np.array(vals).T, columns=['CH', 'X', 'Y'])
+   topo[['X', 'Y']] = topo[['X', 'Y']].apply(pd.to_numeric)
+   return topo
+
+
+   
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def stgcol(ss):
+    """Utility function: translate a sleep stage string to a colour for plotting"""
+    stgcols = { 'N1' : "#00BEFAFF" ,
+                'N2' : "#0050C8FF" ,
+                'N3' : "#000050FF" ,
+                'NREM4' : "#000032FF",
+                'R' : "#FA1432FF",
+                'W' : "#31AD52FF",
+                'L' : "#F6F32AFF",
+                '?' : "#64646464",
+                None : "#00000000" }
+    return [ stgcols.get(item,item) for item in ss ] 
+
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def stgn(ss):
+    """Utility function: translate a sleep stage string to a number for plotting"""
+   
+    stgns = { 'N1' : -1,
+              'N2' : -2,
+              'N3' : -3,
+              'NREM4' : -4,
+              'R' : 0,
+              'W' : 1,
+              'L' : 2,
+              '?' : 2,
+              None : 2 }
+    return [ stgns.get(item,item) for item in ss ]
+
+
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# Visualizations
+#
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def hypno( ss , e = None , xsize = 20 , ysize = 2 , title = None ):
+    """Plot a hypnogram"""
+    ssn = stgn( ss )
+    if e is None: e = np.arange(0, len(ssn), 1)
+    e = e/120
+    plt.figure(figsize=(xsize , ysize ))
+    plt.plot( e , ssn , c = 'gray' , lw = 0.5 )
+    plt.scatter( e , ssn , c = stgcol( ss ) , zorder=2.5 , s = 10 )
+    plt.ylabel('Sleep stage')
+    plt.xlabel('Time (hrs)')
+    plt.ylim(-3.5, 2.5)
+    plt.xlim(0,max(e))
+    plt.yticks([-3,-2,-1,0,1,2] , ['N3','N2','N1','R','W','?'] )
+    if ( title != None ): plt.title( title )
+    plt.show()
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def hypno_density( probs , e = None , xsize = 20 , ysize = 2 , title = None ):
+   """Generate a hypno-density plot from a prior POPS/SOAP run"""
+
+   # no data?
+   if len(probs) == 0: return
+
+   res = probs[ ["PP_N1","PP_N2","PP_N3","PP_R","PP_W" ]  ]
+   ne = len(res)
+   x = np.arange(1, ne+1, 1)
+   y = res.to_numpy(dtype=float)
+   fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+   xsize = 20
+   ysize=2.5
+   fig.set_figheight(ysize)
+   fig.set_figwidth(xsize)
+   ax.set_xlabel('Epoch')
+   ax.set_ylabel('Prob(stage)')
+   ax.stackplot(x, y.T , colors = stgcol([ 'N1','N2','N3','R','W']) )
+   ax.set(xlim=(1, ne), xticks=[ 1 , ne ] , 
+          ylim=(0, 1), yticks=np.arange(0, 1))                                                                                             
+   plt.show()
+
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def psd(df , ch, var = 'PSD' , minf = None, maxf = None, minp = None, maxp = None , 
+        xlines = None , ylines = None, dB = False ):
+    """Returns a PSD plot from PSD or MTM epoch table (CH_F)"""
+    if ch is None: return
+    if type( ch ) is not list: ch = [ ch ]
+    if type( xlines ) is not list and xlines != None: xlines = [ xlines ]
+    if type( ylines ) is not list and ylines != None: ylines = [ ylines ]
+    df = df[ df['CH'].isin(ch) ]
+    if len(df) == 0: return
+    f = df['F'].to_numpy(dtype=float)
+    p = df[var].to_numpy(dtype=float)
+    if dB is True: p = 10*np.log10(p)
+    cx = df['CH'].to_numpy(dtype=str)
+    if minp is None: minp = min(p)
+    if maxp is None: maxp = max(p)
+    if minf is None: minf = min(f)
+    if maxf is None: maxf = max(f)
+    incl = np.zeros(len(df), dtype=bool)
+    incl[ (f >= minf) & (f <= maxf) ] = True
+    f = f[ incl ]
+    p = p[ incl ]
+    cx = cx[ incl ] 
+    p[ p > maxp ] = maxp
+    p[ p < minp ] = minp
+    [ plt.plot(f[ cx == _ch ], p[ cx == _ch ] , label = _ch ) for _ch in ch ]
+    plt.legend()
+    plt.xlabel('Frequency (Hz)')
+    plt.ylabel('Power (dB)')
+    if xlines is not None: [plt.axvline(_x, linewidth=1, color='gray') for _x in xlines ]
+    if ylines is not None: [plt.axhline(_y, linewidth=1, color='gray') for _y in ylines ]
+    plt.show()
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def spec(df , ch = None , var = 'PSD' , mine = None , maxe = None , minf = None, maxf = None, w = 0.025 ):
+    """Returns a spectrogram from a PSD or MTM epoch table (CH_E_F)"""
+    if ch is not None: df = df.loc[ df['CH'] == ch ]
+    if len(df) == 0: return
+    x = df['E'].to_numpy(dtype=int)
+    y = df['F'].to_numpy(dtype=float)
+    z = df[ var ].to_numpy(dtype=float)
+    if mine is None: mine = min(x)
+    if maxe is None: maxe = max(x)
+    if minf is None: minf = min(y)
+    if maxf is None: maxf = max(y)
+    incl = np.zeros(len(df), dtype=bool)
+    incl[ (x >= mine) & (x <= maxe) & (y >= minf) & (y <= maxf) ] = True
+    x = x[ incl ]
+    y = y[ incl ]
+    z = z[ incl ]
+    z = winsorize( z , limits=[w, w] )
+
+    #include/exclude here...
+    spec0( x,y,z,mine,maxe,minf,maxf)
+
+    
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def spec0( x , y , z , mine , maxe , minf, maxf ):
+   xn = max(x) - min(x) + 1
+   yn = np.unique(y).size
+   zi, yi, xi = np.histogram2d(y, x, bins=(yn,xn), weights=z, density=False )
+   counts, _, _ = np.histogram2d(y, x, bins=(yn,xn))   
+   with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
+      zi = zi / counts
+   zi = np.ma.masked_invalid(zi)
+   fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+   fig.set_figheight(2)
+   fig.set_figwidth(15)
+   ax.set_xlabel('Epoch')
+   ax.set_ylabel('Frequency (Hz)')
+   ax.set(xlim=(mine, maxe), ylim=(minf,maxf) )
+   p1 = ax.pcolormesh(xi, yi, zi, cmap = 'turbo' )
+   fig.colorbar(p1)
+   ax.margins(0.1)
+   plt.show()
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
+def topo_heat(chs, z,  ths = None , th=0.05 ,
+              topo = None , 
+              lmts= None , sz=70, colormap = "bwr", title = "", 
+              rimcolor="black", lab = "dB"):
+    """Generate a channel-wise topoplot"""
+
+    z = np.array(z)
+    if ths is not None: ths = np.array(ths)
+    if topo is None: topo = default_xy()
+
+    xlim = [-0.6, 0.6]
+    ylim = [-0.6, 0.6]
+    rng = [np.min(z), np.max(z)]
+
+    if lmts is None : lmts = rng
+    else: assert lmts[0] <= rng[0] <= lmts[1] and lmts[0] <= rng[1] <= lmts[1], "channel values are out of specified limits"
+   
+    assert len(set(topo['CH']).intersection(chs)) > 0, "no matching channels"
+    
+    chs = chs.apply(lambda x: x.upper())    
+    topo = topo[topo['CH'].isin(chs)]
+    topo["vals"] = np.nan
+    topo["th_vals"] = np.nan
+    topo["rims"] = 0.5
+
+    for ix, ch in topo.iterrows():
+        topo.loc[ix,'vals'] = z[chs == ch["CH"]]
+        if ths is None:
+           topo.loc[ix,'th_vals'] = 999;
+        else:              
+           topo.loc[ix,'th_vals'] = ths[chs == ch["CH"]] 
+
+        if topo.loc[ix,'th_vals'] < th:
+           topo.loc[ix,'rims'] = 1.5
+      
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+    sc = ax.scatter(topo.loc[:,"X"], topo.loc[:,"Y"],cmap=colormap, 
+                    c=topo.loc[:, "vals"], edgecolors=rimcolor,
+                    linewidths=topo['rims'], s=sz, vmin=lmts[0], vmax=lmts[1])
+    plt.text(-0.4, 0.5, s=title, fontsize=10, ha='center', va='center')
+    plt.text(0.15, -0.48, s=np.round(lmts[0], 2), fontsize=8, ha='center', va='center')
+    plt.text(0.53, -0.48, s=np.round(lmts[1], 2), fontsize=8, ha='center', va='center')
+    plt.text(0.35, -0.47, s=lab, fontsize=10, ha='center', va='center')
+    
+    plt.xlim(xlim)  
+    plt.ylim(ylim)  
+    plt.axis('off')
+    
+    cax = fig.add_axes([0.6, 0.15, 0.25, 0.02])  # [x, y, width, height]
+    plt.colorbar(sc, cax=cax, orientation='horizontal')
+    plt.axis('off')
+
+# arguments
+#topo = default_xy()
+#ch_names = topo.loc[:, "CH"] # vector of channel names
+#ch_vals = np.random.uniform(0, 3, size=len(ch_names))
+#ch_vals[0:3] = -18
+#th_vals = np.random.uniform(0.06, 1, size=len(ch_names)) # vector of channel values
+#th_vals[ch_names == "O2"] = 0
+#lmts=[-4, 4]#"default"
+#ltopo_heat(ch_names, ch_vals, th_vals = th_vals, th=0.05,
+#           lmts=lmts, sz=70,
+#           colormap = "bwr", title = "DENSITY", 
+#           rimcolor="black", lab = "n/min")
+   
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# segsrv
+
+class segsrv:
+   """Segment server instance"""
+
+   def __init__(self,p):
+      assert isinstance(p,inst)
+      self.p = p
+      self.segsrv = _luna.segsrv(p.edf)
+      
+   def populate(self,chs=None,anns=None,max_sr=None):
+      if chs is None: chs = self.p.edf.channels()
+      if anns is None: anns = self.p.edf.annots()
+      if type(chs) is not list: chs = [ chs ]
+      if type(anns) is not list: anns = [ anns ]
+      if type(max_sr) is int: self.segsrv.input_throttle( max_sr )
+      self.segsrv.populate( chs , anns )
+
+   def window(self,a,b):
+      assert isinstance(a, (int, float) )
+      assert isinstance(b, (int, float) )
+      self.segsrv.set_window( a, b )
+      
+   def get_signal(self,ch):
+      assert isinstance(ch, str )
+      return self.segsrv.get_signal( ch )
+
+   def get_timetrack(self,ch):
+      assert isinstance(ch, str )
+      return self.segsrv.get_timetrack( ch )
+
+   def get_time_scale(self):
+      return self.segsrv.get_time_scale()
+
+   def get_gaps(self):
+      return self.segsrv.get_gaps()
+
+   def set_scaling(self, nchs, nanns = 0 , yscale = 1 , ygroup = 1 , yheader = 0.05 , yfooter = 0.05 , scaling_fixed_annot = 0.1 , clip = True):
+      self.segsrv.set_scaling( nchs, nanns, yscale, ygroup, yheader, yfooter, scaling_fixed_annot , clip )
+
+   def get_scaled_signal(self, ch, n1):
+      return self.segsrv.get_scaled_signal( ch , n1 )
+
+   def fix_physical_scale(self,ch,lwr,upr):
+      self.segsrv.fix_physical_scale( ch, lwr, upr )
+
+   def empirical_physical_scale(self,ch):
+      self.segsrv.empirical_physical_scale( ch )
+
+   def free_physical_scale( self, ch ):
+      self.segsrv.free_physical_scale( ch )
+
+   def set_epoch_size( self, s ):
+      self.segsrv.set_epoch_size( s )
+
+   def get_epoch_size( self):
+      return self.segsrv.get_epoch_size()
+
+#   def get_epoch_timetrack(self):
+#      return self.segsrv.get_epoch_timetrack()
+      
+   def num_epochs( self) :
+      return self.segsrv.nepochs()
+
+#   def num_seconds( self ):
+#      return self.segsrv.get_ungapped_total_sec()
+   
+   def num_seconds_clocktime( self ):
+      return self.segsrv.get_total_sec()
+   
+   def num_seconds_clocktime_original( self ):
+      return self.segsrv.get_total_sec_original()
+
+   def calc_bands( self, chs ):
+      if type( chs ) is not list: chs = [ chs ]
+      self.segsrv.calc_bands( chs );
+
+   def calc_hjorths( self, chs ):
+      if type( chs ) is not list: chs = [ chs ]
+      self.segsrv.calc_hjorths( chs );
+
+   def get_bands( self, ch ):
+      return self.segsrv.get_bands( ch )
+
+   def get_hjorths( self, ch ):
+      return self.segsrv.get_hjorths( ch )
+   
+   def valid_window( self ):
+      return self.segsrv.is_window_valid()
+
+   def is_clocktime( self ):
+      return self.segsrv.is_clocktime()
+
+   def get_window_left( self ):
+      return self.segsrv.get_window_left()
+
+   def get_window_right( self ):
+      return self.segsrv.get_window_right()
+   
+   def get_window_left_hms( self ):
+      return self.segsrv.get_window_left_hms()
+
+   def get_window_right_hms( self ):
+      return self.segsrv.get_window_right_hms()
+
+   def get_clock_ticks( self , n = 6 ):
+      assert type( n ) is int
+      return self.segsrv.get_clock_ticks( n )
+   
+   def get_window_phys_range( self , ch ):
+      assert type(ch) is str
+      return self.segsrv.get_window_phys_range( ch )
+   
+   def get_ylabel( self , n ):
+      assert type(n) is int
+      return self.segsrv.get_ylabel( n )
+
+   def throttle(self,n):
+      assert type(n) is int
+      self.segsrv.throttle(n)
+
+   def input_throttle(self,n):
+      assert type(n) is int
+      self.segsrv.input_throttle(n)
+
+   def summary_threshold_mins(self,m):
+      assert type(m) is int or type(m) is float
+      self.segsrv.summary_threshold_mins(m)
+
+   def get_annots(self):
+      return self.segsrv.fetch_annots()
+
+   def get_all_annots(self,anns):
+      return self.segsrv.fetch_all_annots(anns)
+
+   def compile_windowed_annots(self,anns):
+      self.segsrv.compile_evts( anns )
+
+   def get_annots_xaxes(self,ann):
+      return self.segsrv.get_evnts_xaxes( ann )
+
+   def get_annots_yaxes(self,ann):
+      return self.segsrv.get_evnts_yaxes( ann )
+
+   def set_annot_format6(self,b):
+      self.segsrv.set_evnt_format6(b)
+      
+   def get_annots_xaxes_ends(self,ann):
+      return self.segsrv.get_evnts_xaxes_ends( ann )
+
+   def get_annots_yaxes_ends(self,ann):
+      return self.segsrv.get_evnts_yaxes_ends( ann )
+
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# Scope viewer
+#
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def scope( p,
+           chs = None,
+           bsigs = None , 
+           hsigs = None,
+           anns = None ,
+           stgs = [ 'N1' , 'N2' , 'N3' , 'R' , 'W' , '?' , 'L' ] ,
+           stgcols = { 'N1':'blue' , 'N2':'blue', 'N3':'navy','R':'red','W':'green','?':'gray','L':'yellow' } ,
+           stgns = { 'N1':-1 , 'N2':-2, 'N3':-3,'R':0,'W':1,'?':2,'L':2 } ,
+           sigcols = None,
+           anncols = None, 
+           throttle1_sr = 100 ,
+           throttle2_np = 5 * 30 * 100 , 
+           summary_mins = 30 ,
+           height = 600 ,
+           annot_height = 0.15 ,
+           header_height = 0.04 ,
+           footer_height = 0.01 
+          ):
+
+    # defaults
+    scope_epoch_sec = 30
+    
+    # internally, we use 'sigs' but 'chs' is a more lunapi-consistent label
+    sigs = chs
+    
+    # all signals/annotations present    
+    all_sigs = p.edf.channels()
+    all_annots = p.edf.annots()
+
+    # units
+    hdr = p.headers()
+    units = dict( zip( hdr.CH , hdr.PDIM ) )
+    
+    # defaults
+    if sigs is None: sigs = all_sigs
+    if bsigs is None: bsigs = p.var( 'eeg' ).split(",")
+    if hsigs is None: hsigs = p.var( 'eeg' ).split(",")
+    if anns is None: anns = all_annots
+    
+    # ensure we do not have weird channels
+    sigs = [x for x in all_sigs if x in sigs]
+    bsigs = [x for x in sigs if x in bsigs ]
+    hsigs = [x for x in sigs if x in hsigs ]
+    anns = [x for x in all_annots if x in anns ]
+    sig2n = dict( zip( sigs , list(range(0,len(sigs)))) )
+
+    # empty?
+    if len( sigs ) == 0 and len( anns ) == 0:
+        print( 'No valid channels or annotations to display')
+        return None
+    
+    # initiate segment-serverns 
+    ss = segsrv( p )
+    ss.calc_bands( bsigs )
+    ss.calc_hjorths( hsigs )
+    if type( throttle1_sr ) is int: ss.input_throttle( throttle1_sr )
+    if type( throttle2_np ) is int: ss.throttle( throttle2_np )
+    if type( summary_mins ) is int or type( summary_mins ) is float: ss.summary_threshold_mins( summary_mins )
+    
+    ss.populate( chs = sigs , anns = anns )
+
+    # some key variables
+    nsecs_clk = ss.num_seconds_clocktime_original()
+    epoch_max = int( nsecs_clk / scope_epoch_sec )
+    
+    # color palette
+    pcyc = cycle(px.colors.qualitative.Bold)
+    palette = dict( zip( sigs , [ next(pcyc) for i in list(range(0,len(sigs))) ] ) )    
+    apalette = dict( zip( anns , [ next(pcyc) for i in list(range(0,len(anns))) ] ) )
+    # update w/ any user-specified cols, from anncols = { 'ann':'col' }  
+    if sigcols is not None:
+        for key, value in sigcols.items(): palette[ key ] = value
+    if stgcols is not None:
+        for key, value in stgcols.items(): apalette[ key ] = value
+    if anncols is not None:
+        for key, value in anncols.items(): apalette[ key ] = value
+    
+
+    # define widgets
+
+    wlay1 = widgets.Layout( width='95%' ) 
+    
+    # channel selection box
+    chlab = widgets.Label( value = 'Channels:' )
+    chbox  = widgets.SelectMultiple( options=sigs, value=sigs, rows=7, description='', disabled=False , layout = wlay1 )
+    if len(bsigs) != 0: pow_sel = widgets.Dropdown( options = bsigs, value=bsigs[0],description='',disabled=False,layout = wlay1 )
+    else: pow_sel = widgets.Dropdown( options = bsigs, value=None,description="Band power:",disabled=False,layout = wlay1 )
+    band_hjorth_sel = widgets.Checkbox( value = True , description = 'Hjorth' , disabled=False, indent=False )
+    
+    # annotations (display)
+    anlab = widgets.Label( value = 'Annotations:' )
+    anbox = widgets.SelectMultiple( options=anns , value=[], rows=3, description='', disabled=False , layout = wlay1 )
+
+    # annotations (instance list/navigation)
+    a1lab = widgets.Label( value = 'Instances:' )
+    ansel = widgets.SelectMultiple( options=anns , value=[], rows=3, description='', disabled=False , layout = wlay1 )
+    a1box = widgets.Select( options=[None] , value=None, rows=3, description='', disabled=False , layout = wlay1 )
+
+    # time display labels
+    tbox = widgets.Label( value = 'T: ' )
+    tbox2 = widgets.Label( value = '' )                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
+    tbox3 = widgets.Label( value = '' )                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
+
+    # misc buttons
+    reset_button = widgets.Button( description='Reset', disabled=False,button_style='',tooltip='',layout=widgets.Layout(width='98%') )
+    keep_xscale = widgets.Checkbox( value = False , description = 'Fixed int.' , disabled=False, indent=False )
+    show_ranges = widgets.Checkbox( value = True , description = 'Units' , disabled=False, indent=False )
+
+
+    # naviation: main slider (top)
+    smid = widgets.IntSlider(min=scope_epoch_sec/2, max=nsecs_clk - scope_epoch_sec/2, value=scope_epoch_sec/2, step=30, description='', readout=False,layout=widgets.Layout(width='100%') )
+        
+    # left panel buttons: interval width
+    swid_label = widgets.Label( value = 'Width' )
+    swid_dec_button = widgets.Button( description='<', disabled=False,button_style='',tooltip='', layout=widgets.Layout(width='30px'))
+    swid = widgets.Label( value = '30' )
+    swid_inc_button = widgets.Button( description='>', disabled=False,button_style='',tooltip='', layout=widgets.Layout(width='30px'))
+
+    # left panel buttons: left/right advances
+    epoch_label = widgets.Label( value = 'Epoch' )
+    epoch_dec_button = widgets.Button( description='<', disabled=False,button_style='',tooltip='', layout=widgets.Layout(width='30px'))
+    epoch = widgets.Label( value = '1' )
+    epoch_inc_button = widgets.Button( description='>', disabled=False,button_style='',tooltip='', layout=widgets.Layout(width='30px'))
+
+    # left panel buttons: Y-spacing
+    yspace_label = widgets.Label( value = 'Space' )
+    yspace_dec_button = widgets.Button( description='<', disabled=False,button_style='',tooltip='', layout=widgets.Layout(width='30px'))
+    yspace = widgets.Label( value = '1' )
+    yspace_inc_button = widgets.Button( description='>', disabled=False,button_style='',tooltip='', layout=widgets.Layout(width='30px'))
+
+    # left panel buttons: Y-scaling
+    yscale_label = widgets.Label( value = 'Scale' )
+    yscale_dec_button = widgets.Button( description='<', disabled=False,button_style='',tooltip='', layout=widgets.Layout(width='30px'))
+    yscale = widgets.Label( value = '0' )
+    yscale_inc_button = widgets.Button( description='>', disabled=False,button_style='',tooltip='', layout=widgets.Layout(width='30px'))
+
+
+    # --------------------- signal plotter (g)
+
+    # traces (xNS), gaps(x1), labels (xNS), annots(xNA), clock-ticks(x1)
+    fig = [go.Scatter(x = None, 
+                      y = None, 
+                      mode = 'lines',
+                      line=dict(color=palette[sig], width=1),
+                      hoverinfo='none',
+                      name = sig ) for sig in sigs
+    ] + [ go.Scatter( x = None , y = None ,
+                      mode = 'lines' ,
+                      fill='toself' ,
+                      fillcolor='#223344',
+                      line=dict(color='#888888', width=1),
+                      hoverinfo='none',
+                      name='Gap' ) 
+    ] + [ go.Scatter( x = None , y = None ,
+                      mode='text' ,
+                      textposition='middle right',
+                      textfont=dict(
+                          size=11,
+                          color='white'),
+                      hoverinfo='none' ,
+                      showlegend=False ) for sig in sigs 
+    ] + [ go.Scatter( x = None , 
+                      y = None , 
+                      mode = 'lines',
+                      fill='toself',
+                      line=dict(color=apalette[ann], width=1),
+                      hoverinfo='none',
+                      name = ann ) for ann in anns
+    ] + [ go.Scatter( x = None , y = None ,
+                      mode = 'text' ,
+                      textposition='bottom right',
+                      textfont=dict(
+                          size=11,
+                          color='white'),
+                      hoverinfo='none' ,
+                      showlegend=False ) ] 
+
+    
+    layout = go.Layout( margin=dict(l=8, r=8, t=0, b=0),
+                        yaxis=dict(range=[0,1]),
+                        modebar={'orientation': 'v','bgcolor': '#E9E9E9','color': 'white','activecolor': 'white' },
+                        yaxis_visible=False, 
+                        yaxis_showticklabels=False,
+                        xaxis_visible=False,
+                        xaxis_showticklabels=False,
+                        autosize=True, 
+                        height=height,
+                        plot_bgcolor='rgb(02,15,50)' ) 
+
+    g = go.FigureWidget(data=fig, layout= layout )
+    g._config = g._config | {'displayModeBar': False}
+    #g.update_xaxes(showgrid=True, gridwidth=0.1, gridcolor='#445555')
+    g.update_xaxes(showgrid=False)
+    g.update_yaxes(showgrid=False)
+    
+    
+    # -------------------- segment-plotter (sg)
+
+    num_epochs = ss.num_epochs()
+    tscale = ss.get_time_scale()
+    tstarts = [ tscale[idx] for idx in range(0,len(tscale),2)]
+    tstops = [ tscale[idx] for idx in range(1,len(tscale),2)]
+    times = np.concatenate((tstarts, tstops), axis=1)
+
+    # upper/lower boxes, then frame select, then actual segs
+    sfig = [ go.Scatter(x=[0,0],y=[0.05,0.05],
+                        mode='markers+lines',
+                        marker=dict(color="navy",size=8)) 
+            ] + [ go.Scatter(x=[0,0],y=[0.95,0.95],
+                        mode='markers+lines',
+                        marker=dict(color="navy",size=8))                             
+            ] + [ go.Scatter(x=[0,0,0,0,0,None],y=[0,0,1,1,0,None],
+                        mode='lines',
+                        fill='toself',
+                        fillcolor = 'rgba( 18, 65, 92, 0.75)' ,
+                        line=dict(color="red",width=0.5)) 
+            ] + [ go.Scatter(x=[x[1],x[1],x[3],x[3]],y=[0,1,1,0],   # was 0 1 3 2 
+                        fill="toself",
+                        mode = 'lines',
+                        hoverinfo = 'none',
+                        line=dict(color='rgb(19,114,38)', width=1), ) for x in times ]
+
+    slayout = go.Layout( margin=dict(l=8, r=8, t=2, b=4),
+                         showlegend=False,
+                         xaxis=dict(range=[0,1]),
+                         yaxis=dict(range=[0,1]),
+                         yaxis_visible=False, 
+                         yaxis_showticklabels=False,
+                         xaxis_visible=False, 
+                         xaxis_showticklabels=False,                         
+                         autosize=True, 
+                         height=15,
+                         plot_bgcolor='rgb(255,255,255)' ) 
+
+    sg = go.FigureWidget( data=sfig, layout=slayout )
+    sg._config = sg._config | {'displayModeBar': False}
+
+    # --------------------- hypnogram-level summary
+
+    stgs = [ 'N1' , 'N2' , 'N3' , 'R' , 'W' , '?' , 'L' ]
+    stgcols = { 'N1':'rgba(32, 178, 218, 1)' , 'N2':'blue', 'N3':'navy','R':'red','W':'green','?':'gray','L':'yellow' }
+    stgns = { 'N1':-1 , 'N2':-2, 'N3':-3,'R':0,'W':1,'?':2,'L':2 }
+
+    # clock-time stage info (in units no larger than 30 seconds)
+    stg_evts = p.fetch_annots( stgs , 30 ) 
+    if len( stg_evts ) != 0:
+         stg_evts2 = stg_evts.copy()
+         stg_evts2[ 'Start' ] = stg_evts2[ 'Stop' ]
+         stg_evts[ 'IDX' ] = range(len(stg_evts))
+         stg_evts2[ 'IDX' ] = range(len(stg_evts)) 
+         stg_evts = pd.concat( [stg_evts2, stg_evts] )
+         stg_evts = stg_evts.sort_values(by=['Start', 'IDX'])
+         times = stg_evts['Start'].to_numpy()    
+         ys = [ stgns[c] for c in stg_evts['Class'].tolist() ]
+         cols = [ stgcols[c] for c in stg_evts['Class'].tolist() ]
+    else:
+        times = None
+        ys = None
+        cols = None
+        
+    hypfig = [ go.Scatter( x = times, y=ys, mode='lines', line=dict(color='gray')) ]  
+    
+    hypfig.append( go.Scatter(x = times, 
+                              y = ys , 
+                              mode = 'markers' , 
+                              marker=dict( color = cols , size=2),                              
+                              hoverinfo='none' )  )
+    
+    hyplayout =  go.Layout( margin=dict(l=8, r=8, t=0, b=0),
+                            showlegend=False,
+                            xaxis=dict(range=[0,nsecs_clk]),
+                            yaxis=dict(range=[-4,3]),
+                            yaxis_visible=False, 
+                            yaxis_showticklabels=False,
+                            xaxis_visible=False, 
+                            xaxis_showticklabels=False,
+                            autosize=True, 
+                            height=35,
+                            plot_bgcolor='rgb(255,255,255)' ) 
+         
+    hypg = go.FigureWidget( data = hypfig , layout = hyplayout )
+    hypg._config = hypg._config | {'displayModeBar': False}
+
+
+    # --------------------- band power/spectrogram (bg)
+    
+    #bfig = go.Heatmap( z = None , type = 'heatmap',  colorscale = 'RdBu_r', showscale = False , hoverinfo = 'none' )
+    bfig = go.Heatmap( z = None , type = 'heatmap',  colorscale = 'turbo', showscale = False , hoverinfo = 'none' )
+    
+    blayout = go.Layout( margin=dict(l=8, r=8, t=0, b=0),
+                         modebar={'orientation': 'h','bgcolor': '#E9E9E9','color': 'white','activecolor': 'white' },
+                         showlegend=False,
+                         yaxis_visible=False, 
+                         yaxis_showticklabels=False,
+                         xaxis_visible=False, 
+                         xaxis_showticklabels=False,
+                         autosize=True,                          
+                         height=50,
+                         plot_bgcolor='rgb(255,255,255)' ) 
+    
+    bg = go.FigureWidget( bfig , blayout )
+    bg._config = bg._config | {'displayModeBar': False}
+
+
+    # --------------------- build overall box (containerP)
+
+    # ----- containers - left panel
+
+    ctr_lab_container = widgets.VBox(children=[ swid_label , epoch_label, yspace_label , yscale_label  ] ,
+                                     layout = widgets.Layout( width='30%', align_items='center' , display='flex', flex_flow='column' ) )
+                                 
+    ctr_dec_container = widgets.VBox(children=[ swid_dec_button , epoch_dec_button, yspace_dec_button , yscale_dec_button  ] ,
+                                     layout = widgets.Layout( width='20%', align_items='center' , display='flex', flex_flow='column' ))
+                                 
+    ctr_val_container = widgets.VBox(children=[ swid , epoch , yspace , yscale  ] ,
+                                     layout = widgets.Layout( width='30%', align_items='center' , display='flex', flex_flow='column' ))
+                                 
+    ctr_inc_container = widgets.VBox(children=[ swid_inc_button ,  epoch_inc_button, yspace_inc_button , yscale_inc_button ] ,
+                                     layout = widgets.Layout( width='20%', align_items='center' , display='flex', flex_flow='column' ))
+
+    # left panel: group top set of widgets
+    ctr_container = widgets.VBox( children=[ tbox, widgets.HBox(children=[ ctr_lab_container, ctr_dec_container, ctr_val_container, ctr_inc_container ] ) , reset_button ] ,
+                                  layout = widgets.Layout( width='100%' ) )
+
+    # left panel: lower buttons
+    lower_buttons = widgets.HBox( children=[ keep_xscale , show_ranges ] ,
+                                  layout = widgets.Layout( width='100%' ) )
+
+    # left panel: construct all
+    left_panel = widgets.VBox(children=[ ctr_container,
+                                         chlab, chbox,
+                                         widgets.HBox( children = [ band_hjorth_sel, pow_sel ] ),
+                                         anlab, anbox, a1lab, ansel, a1box,
+                                         lower_buttons ] ,
+                              layout = widgets.Layout( width='95%' , margin='0 0 0 5px' , overflow_x = 'hidden' ) )
+
+    # right panel: combine plots
+    containerS = widgets.VBox(children=[ smid , hypg, sg, bg, g ] , layout = widgets.Layout( width='95%' , margin='0 5px 0 5px' , overflow_x = 'hidden' ) )
+    
+    # make the final app (just join left+right panels)
+    container_app = AppLayout(header=None,
+                              left_sidebar=left_panel,
+                              center=containerS,
+                              right_sidebar=None,
+                              pane_widths=[1, 8, 0],
+                              align_items = 'stretch' ,
+                              footer=None , layout = widgets.Layout( border='3px none #708090' , margin='10px 5px 10px 5px' , overflow_x = 'hidden' ) )
+
+    
+    # --------------------- callback functions
+        
+    def redraw():
+
+        # update hms message
+        tbox.value = 'T: ' + ss.get_window_left_hms() + ' - ' + ss.get_window_right_hms()
+
+        # get annots
+        ss.compile_windowed_annots( anbox.value )
+ 
+        x1 = ss.get_window_left()
+        x2 = ss.get_window_right()
+
+        # update pointers on segment plot
+        s1 = x1 / nsecs_clk
+        s2 = x2 / nsecs_clk
+        sg.data[0].x = [ s1, s2 ]
+        sg.data[1].x = [ s1, s2 ]
+        sg.data[2].x = [ s1 , s2 , s2 , s1 , s1 , None ]
+
+        # update main plot
+        with g.batch_update():
+            ns = len(sigs)
+            na = len(anns)
+
+            # axes
+            g.update_xaxes(range = [x1,x2])
+            
+            # signals (0)
+            selected = [ x in chbox.value for x in sigs ]
+            idx=0
+            for i in list(range(0,ns)):
+                if selected[i] is True:
+                    g.data[i].x = ss.get_timetrack( sigs[i] )
+                    g.data[i].y = ss.get_scaled_signal( sigs[i] , idx )
+                    g.data[i].visible = True
+                    idx += 1
+                else:
+                    g.data[i].visible = False
+
+            # gaps (last trace)
+            gidx = ns
+            gaps = list( ss.get_gaps() )
+            if len(gaps) == 0:
+                g.data[ gidx ].visible = False
+            else:
+                # make into 6-value formats
+                xgaps = [(a, b, b, a, a, None ) for a, b in gaps ]
+                ygaps = [(0, 0, 1-header_height, 1-header_height, 0, None ) for a, b in gaps ]
+                g.data[ gidx ].x = [x for sub in xgaps for x in sub]
+                g.data[ gidx ].y = [y for sub in ygaps for y in sub]
+                g.data[ gidx ].visible = True
+
+            # ranges? (+ns)
+            if show_ranges.value is True:
+                idx=0
+                xl = x1 + (x2-x1 ) * 0.01 
+                for i in list(range(0,ns)):
+                    if selected[i] is True:
+                        ylim = ss.get_window_phys_range( sigs[i] )
+                        ylab = sigs[i] + ' ' + str(round(ylim[0],3)) + ':' + str(round(ylim[1],3)) + ' (' + units[sigs[i]] +')'
+                        g.data[i+ns+1].x = [ xl ]
+                        g.data[i+ns+1].y = [ ss.get_ylabel( idx ) * (1 - header_height ) ]
+                        g.data[i+ns+1].text = [ ylab ]
+                        g.data[i+ns+1].visible = True
+                        idx += 1
+                    else:
+                        g.data[i+ns+1].visible = False
+ 
+
+            # annots (+2ns + gap)
+            ns2 = 2 * ns + 1
+            selected = [ x in anbox.value for x in anns ]
+            for i in list(range(0,na)):
+                if selected[i] is True:
+                    g.data[i+ns2].x = ss.get_annots_xaxes( anns[i] )
+                    g.data[i+ns2].y = ss.get_annots_yaxes( anns[i] )
+                    g.data[i+ns2].visible = True
+                else:
+                    g.data[i+ns2].visible = False
+
+            # clock-ticks
+            gidx = 2 * ns + na + 1
+            tks = ss.get_clock_ticks(6)
+            tx = list( tks.keys() )
+            tv = list( tks.values() )
+            if len( tx ) == 0:
+                g.data[ gidx ].visible = False
+            else:
+                g.data[ gidx ].x = tx 
+                g.data[ gidx ].y = [ 1 - header_height + ( header_height ) * 0.5 for x in tx ]
+                g.data[ gidx ].text = tv
+                g.data[ gidx ].visible = True
+
+    def rescale(change):
+       ss.set_scaling( len(chbox.value) , len( anbox.value) , 2**float(yscale.value) , float(yspace.value) , header_height, footer_height , annot_height )
+       redraw()
+    
+    def update_bandpower(change):
+        if pow_sel.value is None: return 
+        if len( pow_sel.value ) == 0: return
+        if band_hjorth_sel.value is True:
+           S = np.transpose( ss.get_hjorths( pow_sel.value ) )
+           S = np.asarray(S,dtype=object)
+           S[np.isnan(S.astype(np.float64))] = None
+           bg.update_traces({'z': S } , selector = {'type':'heatmap'} )
+        else:
+           S = np.transpose( ss.get_bands( pow_sel.value ) )
+           S = np.asarray(S,dtype=object)
+           S[np.isnan(S.astype(np.float64))] = None
+           bg.update_traces({'z': S } , selector = {'type':'heatmap'} )
+
+    def pop_a1(change):
+        a1box.options = ss.get_all_annots( ansel.value )
+
+    def a1_win(change):
+        # format <annot> | t1-t2 (seconds)
+        # allow for pipe in <annot> name
+        nwin = a1box.value.split( '| ')[-1]
+        nwin = nwin.split('-')
+        nwin = [ float(x) for x in nwin ]
+
+        # center on mid of annot
+        mid = nwin[0] + ( nwin[1] - nwin[0] ) / 2
+
+        # width: either based on annot, or keep as is
+        if keep_xscale.value is False:
+            swid.unobserve(set_window_from_sliders, names="value")
+            swid.value = str( round( nwin[1] - nwin[0] , 2 ) )
+            swid.observe(set_window_from_sliders, names="value")
+            
+        # update smid, and trigger redraw via set_window_from_sliders()
+        smid.value = mid
+
+    def set_window_from_sliders(change):
+        w = float( swid.value )
+        p1 = smid.value - 0.5 * w
+        if p1 < 0: p1 = 0
+        p2 = p1 + w
+        if p2 >= ss.num_seconds_clocktime():
+            p2 = ss.num_seconds_clocktime() - 1 
+        ss.window( p1 , p2 )
+        epoch.value = str(1+int(smid.value/30))
+        redraw()
+
+    def fn_reset(b):
+        swid.value = str( 30 )
+        yspace.value = str( 1 )
+        yscale.value = str( 0 )
+                
+    def fn_dec_epoch(b):
+        if ( smid.value - scope_epoch_sec ) >= smid.min :
+            smid.value = smid.value - scope_epoch_sec
+
+    def fn_inc_epoch(b):
+        if ( smid.value + scope_epoch_sec ) <= smid.max :
+            smid.value = smid.value + scope_epoch_sec
+        
+    def fn_dec_swid(b):
+        swid_var = float( swid.value )
+        if swid_var > 3.5: swid_var = swid_var / 2
+        if swid_var > 100: swid.value = str( int( swid_var ))
+        else: swid.value = str( swid_var )
+
+    def fn_inc_swid(b):
+        swid_var = float( swid.value )
+        if swid_var < 40000: swid_var = swid_var * 2
+        if swid_var > 100: swid.value = str( int( swid_var ) )
+        else: swid.value = str( swid_var )
+
+    def fn_yspace_dec(b):
+        yspace_var = float( yspace.value )
+        if yspace_var > 0.05: yspace_var = yspace_var - 0.1
+        yspace.value = str( round( yspace_var , 1 ) )
+
+    def fn_yspace_inc(b):
+        yspace_var = float( yspace.value )
+        if yspace_var < 0.95: yspace_var = yspace_var + 0.1
+        yspace.value = str( round( yspace_var , 1 ) )
+        
+    def fn_yscale_dec(b):
+        yscale_var = float( yscale.value )
+        if yscale_var > -2: yscale_var = yscale_var - 0.2
+        yscale.value = str( round( yscale_var , 1 ) )
+
+    def fn_yscale_inc(b):
+        yscale_var = float( yscale.value )
+        if yscale_var < 2: yscale_var = yscale_var + 0.2
+        yscale.value = str( round( yscale_var , 1 ) )
+
+    def fn_hjorth_band(b):
+        if band_hjorth_sel.value is True:
+           pow_sel.options = hsigs
+        else:
+           pow_sel.options = bsigs
+        
+    # --------------------- hook up widgets
+
+    # observers
+    smid.observe(set_window_from_sliders, names="value")
+    swid.observe(set_window_from_sliders, names="value")
+
+    show_ranges.observe(set_window_from_sliders)
+
+    band_hjorth_sel.observe( fn_hjorth_band )
+    
+    swid_dec_button.on_click(fn_dec_swid)
+    swid_inc_button.on_click(fn_inc_swid)
+
+    epoch_dec_button.on_click(fn_dec_epoch)
+    epoch_inc_button.on_click(fn_inc_epoch)
+
+    reset_button.on_click(fn_reset)
+                          
+    # summaries
+    pow_sel.observe(update_bandpower,names="value")
+
+    # rescale plots
+    yscale_dec_button.on_click( fn_yscale_dec )
+    yscale_inc_button.on_click( fn_yscale_inc )
+    yspace_dec_button.on_click( fn_yspace_dec )
+    yspace_inc_button.on_click( fn_yspace_inc )
+
+    yscale.observe( rescale , names="value")
+    yspace.observe( rescale , names="value")
+    
+
+    # channel selection
+    chbox.observe( rescale ,names="value")
+
+    # annots
+    anbox.observe( rescale , names="value")
+    ansel.observe( pop_a1 , names="value")
+    a1box.observe( a1_win , names="value")
+
+    
+    # ---------------------  display
+    update_bandpower(None)
+    ss.set_scaling( len(chbox.value) , len( anbox.value) , 2**float(yscale.value) , float(yspace.value) , header_height, footer_height , annot_height )
+
+    ss.window( 0 , 30 )
+    epoch.value = str(1);
+
+    redraw()
+    return container_app
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# moonbeam
+
+class moonbeam:
+   """Moonbeam utility to pull NSRR data"""
+
+   df1 = None  # available cohorts
+   df2 = None  # available files for current cohort
+   curr_cohort = None
+   
+   def __init__(self, nsrr_tok , cdir = None ):
+      """ Initiate Moonbeam with an NSRR token """
+      self.nsrr_tok = nsrr_tok
+      self.df1 = self.cohorts()
+      if cdir is None: cdir = os.path.join( tempfile.gettempdir() , 'luna-moonbeam' )
+      self.set_cache(cdir)
+
+   def set_cache(self,cdir):
+      """ Set the folder for caching downloaded records """
+      self.cdir = cdir
+      print( 'using cache folder for downloads: ' + self.cdir )
+      os.makedirs( os.path.dirname(self.cdir), exist_ok=True)
+
+   def cached(self,file):
+      """ Check whether a file is already cached """ 
+      return os.path.exists( os.path.join( self.cdir , file ) )
+
+   def cohorts(self):
+      """ List all available cohorts accessible from the given NSRR user token """ 
+      req = requests.get( 'https://zzz.bwh.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/moonbeam.cgi?t=' + self.nsrr_tok ).content
+      self.df1 = pd.read_csv(io.StringIO(req.decode('utf-8')),sep='\t',header=None)
+      self.df1.columns = ['Cohort','Description']
+      return self.df1
+
+   def cohort(self,cohort1):
+      """ List all files (EDFs and annotations) available for a given cohort """
+      if type(cohort1) is int: cohort1 = self.df1.loc[cohort1,'Cohort']
+      if type(cohort1) is not str: return
+      self.curr_cohort = cohort1
+      req = requests.get( 'https://zzz.bwh.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/moonbeam.cgi?t=' + self.nsrr_tok + "&c=" + cohort1).content
+      df = pd.read_csv(io.StringIO(req.decode('utf-8')),sep='\t',header=None)
+      df.columns = [ 'cohort' , 'IID' , 'file' ]
+
+      #  get EDFs, annots then merge
+      df_edfs = df[ df['file'].str.contains(".edf$|.edf.gz$" , case = False ) ][[ 'IID' , 'file' ]]
+      df_annots = df[ ~ df['file'].str.contains(".edf$|.edf.gz$" , case = False ) ][[ 'IID' , 'file' ]]
+      self.df2 = pd.merge( df_edfs , df_annots , on='IID' , how='left' )
+      self.df2.columns = [ 'ID' , 'EDF' , 'Annot' ]
+      return self.df2
+
+   
+   def inst(self, iid ):
+      """ Create an instance of a record, either downloaded or cached """
+      if self.df2 is None: return
+      if self.curr_cohort is None: return
+      
+      # ensure we have this file 
+      self.pull( iid , self.curr_cohort )
+
+      # ensure we have a proj (from proj singleton)
+      proj1 = proj(False)
+      p = proj1.inst( self.curr_id )
+      edf1 = str( pathlib.Path( self.cdir ).joinpath( self.curr_edf ).expanduser().resolve() )      
+      p.attach_edf( edf1 ) 
+      
+      if self.curr_annot is not None:
+         annot1 = str( pathlib.Path( self.cdir ).joinpath( self.curr_annot ).expanduser().resolve() )
+         p.attach_annot( annot1 )
+
+      # return handle back
+      return p
+
+    
+   def pull(self, iid , cohort ):
+      """ Download an individual record (if not already cached) """      
+      if self.df2.empty: return False
+
+      # iid
+      if type(iid) is int: iid = self.df2.loc[iid,'ID']
+      self.curr_id = iid
+
+      # EDF
+      self.curr_edf = self.df2.loc[ self.df2['ID'] == iid,'EDF'].item()
+      self.pull_file( self.curr_edf )
+
+      # EDFZ .idx
+      if re.search(r'\.edf\.gz$',self.curr_edf,re.IGNORECASE) or re.search(r'\.edfz$',self.curr_edf,re.IGNORECASE):
+         self.pull_file( self.curr_edf + '.idx' )
+
+      # annots (optional)
+      self.curr_annot = self.df2.loc[ self.df2['ID'] == iid,'Annot'].item()
+      if self.curr_annot is not None:
+         self.pull_file( self.curr_annot )
+
+   def pull_file( self , file ):
+      import functools
+      import pathlib
+      import shutil
+      import requests
+      from tqdm.auto import tqdm
+
+      if self.cached( file ) is True: 
+          print( file + ' is already cached' )
+          return
+
+      # save file to cdir/{path/}file, e.g. path will be cohort
+      path = pathlib.Path( self.cdir ).joinpath( file ).expanduser().resolve() 
+      path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+      print( '\nbeaming ' + self.curr_id + ' : ' + file  )
+
+      url = 'https://zzz.bwh.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/moonbeam.cgi?t=' + self.nsrr_tok + "&f=" + file    
+      r = requests.get(url, stream=True, allow_redirects=True)
+
+      if r.status_code != 200:
+         r.raise_for_status()  # Will only raise for 4xx codes, so...
+         raise RuntimeError(f"Request to {url} returned status code {r.status_code}")
+      file_size = int(r.headers.get('Content-Length', 0))
+
+      desc = "(Unknown total file size)" if file_size == 0 else ""
+      r.raw.read = functools.partial(r.raw.read, decode_content=True)  # Decompress if needed
+      with tqdm.wrapattr(r.raw, "read", total=file_size, desc=desc) as r_raw:
+          with path.open("wb") as f:
+              shutil.copyfileobj(r_raw, f)
+
+
+   def pheno(self, cohort = None, iid = None):
+      """ Pull phenotypes for a given individual """
+
+      coh1 = cohort
+      id1 = iid
+
+      if coh1 is None:
+         if self.curr_cohort is None: return
+         coh1 = self.curr_cohort
+         
+      if id1 is None:
+         if self.curr_id is None: return
+         id1 = self.curr_id
+            
+      url = 'https://zzz.bwh.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/moonbeam.cgi?t=' + self.nsrr_tok + '&c=' + self.curr_cohort + '&p=' + id1 
+      req = requests.get( url )
+
+      if req.status_code != 200:
+         req.raise_for_status()  # Will only raise for 4xx codes, so...
+         raise RuntimeError(f"Moonbeam returned status code {req.status_code}")
+      
+      df = pd.read_csv(io.StringIO(req.content.decode('utf-8')),sep='\t',header=None)
+      df.columns = ['Variable', 'Value', 'Units', 'Description' ]
+      pri = [ "nsrr_age", "nsrr_sex", "nsrr_bmi", "nsrr_flag_spsw", "nsrr_ahi_hp3r_aasm15", "nsrr_ahi_hp4u_aasm15" ] 
+      df1 = df[   df['Variable'].isin( pri ) ]
+      df2 = df[ ~ df['Variable'].isin( pri ) ] 
+      df = pd.concat( [ df1 , df2 ] )
+      return df
+
+
+