llm-ie 0.4.7__py3-none-any.whl → 1.0.0__py3-none-any.whl

llm_ie/extractors.py

@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ import warnings
 import itertools
 import asyncio
 import nest_asyncio
-from typing import Set, List, Dict, Tuple, Union, Callable
-from llm_ie.data_types import LLMInformationExtractionFrame, LLMInformationExtractionDocument
+from typing import Any, Set, List, Dict, Tuple, Union, Callable, Generator, Optional
+from llm_ie.data_types import FrameExtractionUnit, FrameExtractionUnitResult, LLMInformationExtractionFrame, LLMInformationExtractionDocument
+from llm_ie.chunkers import UnitChunker, WholeDocumentUnitChunker, SentenceUnitChunker
+from llm_ie.chunkers import ContextChunker, NoContextChunker, WholeDocumentContextChunker, SlideWindowContextChunker
 from llm_ie.engines import InferenceEngine
-from colorama import Fore, Style
+from colorama import Fore, Style        
 
 
 class Extractor:
@@ -38,15 +40,46 @@ class Extractor:
     def get_prompt_guide(cls) -> str:
         """
         This method returns the pre-defined prompt guideline for the extractor from the package asset.
+        It searches for a guide specific to the current class first, if not found, it will search
+        for the guide in its ancestors by traversing the class's method resolution order (MRO).
         """
-        # Check if the prompt guide is available
-        file_path = importlib.resources.files('llm_ie.asset.prompt_guide').joinpath(f"{cls.__name__}_prompt_guide.txt")
-        try:     
-            with open(file_path, 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
-                return f.read()
-        except FileNotFoundError:
-            warnings.warn(f"Prompt guide for {cls.__name__} is not available. Is it a customed extractor?", UserWarning)
-            return None
+        original_class_name = cls.__name__ 
+
+        for current_class_in_mro in cls.__mro__:
+            if current_class_in_mro is object: 
+                continue
+
+            current_class_name = current_class_in_mro.__name__
+            
+            try:
+                file_path_obj = importlib.resources.files('llm_ie.asset.prompt_guide').joinpath(f"{current_class_name}_prompt_guide.txt")
+                
+                with open(file_path_obj, 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                    prompt_content = f.read()
+                    # If the guide was found for an ancestor, not the original class, issue a warning.
+                    if cls is not current_class_in_mro:
+                        warnings.warn(
+                            f"Prompt guide for '{original_class_name}' not found. "
+                            f"Using guide from ancestor: '{current_class_name}_prompt_guide.txt'.",
+                            UserWarning
+                        )
+                    return prompt_content
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f"Error attempting to read prompt guide for '{current_class_name}' "
+                    f"from '{str(file_path_obj)}': {e}. Trying next in MRO.",
+                    UserWarning
+                )
+                continue 
+
+        # If the loop completes, no prompt guide was found for the original class or any of its ancestors.
+        raise FileNotFoundError(
+            f"Prompt guide for '{original_class_name}' not found in the package asset. "
+            f"Is it a custom extractor?"
+        )
 
     def _get_user_prompt(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]]) -> str:
         """
@@ -138,7 +171,8 @@ class Extractor:
 
 class FrameExtractor(Extractor):
     from nltk.tokenize import RegexpTokenizer
-    def __init__(self, inference_engine:InferenceEngine, prompt_template:str, system_prompt:str=None, **kwrs):
+    def __init__(self, inference_engine:InferenceEngine, unit_chunker:UnitChunker, 
+                 prompt_template:str, system_prompt:str=None, context_chunker:ContextChunker=None, **kwrs):
         """
         This is the abstract class for frame extraction.
         Input LLM inference engine, system prompt (optional), prompt template (with instruction, few-shot examples).
@@ -147,15 +181,25 @@ class FrameExtractor(Extractor):
         ----------
         inference_engine : InferenceEngine
             the LLM inferencing engine object. Must implements the chat() method.
+        unit_chunker : UnitChunker
+            the unit chunker object that determines how to chunk the document text into units.
         prompt_template : str
             prompt template with "{{<placeholder name>}}" placeholder.
         system_prompt : str, Optional
             system prompt.
+        context_chunker : ContextChunker
+            the context chunker object that determines how to get context for each unit.
         """
         super().__init__(inference_engine=inference_engine,
                          prompt_template=prompt_template,
                          system_prompt=system_prompt,
                          **kwrs)
+                
+        self.unit_chunker = unit_chunker
+        if context_chunker is None:
+            self.context_chunker = NoContextChunker()
+        else:
+            self.context_chunker = context_chunker
         
         self.tokenizer = self.RegexpTokenizer(r'\w+|[^\w\s]')
 
@@ -338,32 +382,38 @@ class FrameExtractor(Extractor):
         return NotImplemented
     
 
-class BasicFrameExtractor(FrameExtractor):
-    def __init__(self, inference_engine:InferenceEngine, prompt_template:str, system_prompt:str=None, **kwrs):
+class DirectFrameExtractor(FrameExtractor):
+    def __init__(self, inference_engine:InferenceEngine, unit_chunker:UnitChunker, 
+                 prompt_template:str, system_prompt:str=None, context_chunker:ContextChunker=None, **kwrs):
         """
-        This class diretly prompt LLM for frame extraction.
-        Input system prompt (optional), prompt template (with instruction, few-shot examples), 
-        and specify a LLM.
+        This class is for general unit-context frame extraction.
+        Input LLM inference engine, system prompt (optional), prompt template (with instruction, few-shot examples).
 
         Parameters:
         ----------
         inference_engine : InferenceEngine
             the LLM inferencing engine object. Must implements the chat() method.
+        unit_chunker : UnitChunker
+            the unit chunker object that determines how to chunk the document text into units.
         prompt_template : str
             prompt template with "{{<placeholder name>}}" placeholder.
         system_prompt : str, Optional
             system prompt.
+        context_chunker : ContextChunker
+            the context chunker object that determines how to get context for each unit.
         """
-        super().__init__(inference_engine=inference_engine, 
-                         prompt_template=prompt_template, 
-                         system_prompt=system_prompt, 
+        super().__init__(inference_engine=inference_engine,
+                         unit_chunker=unit_chunker,
+                         prompt_template=prompt_template,
+                         system_prompt=system_prompt,
+                         context_chunker=context_chunker,
                          **kwrs)
-        
+
 
     def extract(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], max_new_tokens:int=2048, 
-                temperature:float=0.0, stream:bool=False, return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> str:
+                document_key:str=None, temperature:float=0.0, verbose:bool=False, return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> List[FrameExtractionUnitResult]:
         """
-        This method inputs a text and outputs a string generated by LLM.
+        This method inputs a text and outputs a list of outputs per unit.
 
         Parameters:
         ----------
@@ -371,44 +421,349 @@ class BasicFrameExtractor(FrameExtractor):
             the input text content to put in prompt template. 
             If str, the prompt template must has only 1 placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}, regardless of placeholder name.
             If dict, all the keys must be included in the prompt template placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}.
-        max_new_tokens : str, Optional
-            the max number of new tokens LLM can generate. 
+        max_new_tokens : int, Optional
+            the max number of new tokens LLM should generate. 
+        document_key : str, Optional
+            specify the key in text_content where document text is. 
+            If text_content is str, this parameter will be ignored.
         temperature : float, Optional
-            the temperature for token sampling. 
-        stream : bool, Optional
+            the temperature for token sampling.
+        verbose : bool, Optional
             if True, LLM generated text will be printed in terminal in real-time. 
         return_messages_log : bool, Optional
             if True, a list of messages will be returned.
 
-        Return : str
-            the output from LLM. Need post-processing.
+        Return : List[FrameExtractionUnitResult]
+            the output from LLM for each unit. Contains the start, end, text, and generated text.
+        """
+        # define output
+        output = []
+        # unit chunking
+        if isinstance(text_content, str):
+            doc_text = text_content
+
+        elif isinstance(text_content, dict):
+            if document_key is None:
+                raise ValueError("document_key must be provided when text_content is dict.")
+            doc_text = text_content[document_key]
+        
+        units = self.unit_chunker.chunk(doc_text)
+        # context chunker init
+        self.context_chunker.fit(doc_text, units)
+        # messages log
+        if return_messages_log:
+            messages_log = []
+
+        # generate unit by unit
+        for i, unit in enumerate(units):
+            # construct chat messages
+            messages = []
+            if self.system_prompt:
+                messages.append({'role': 'system', 'content': self.system_prompt})
+
+            context = self.context_chunker.chunk(unit)
+            
+            if context == "":
+                # no context, just place unit in user prompt
+                if isinstance(text_content, str):
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(unit.text)})
+                else:
+                    unit_content = text_content.copy()
+                    unit_content[document_key] = unit.text
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(unit_content)})
+            else:
+                # insert context to user prompt
+                if isinstance(text_content, str):
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context)})
+                else:
+                    context_content = text_content.copy()
+                    context_content[document_key] = context
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context_content)})
+                # simulate conversation where assistant confirms
+                messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'Sure, please provide the unit text (e.g., sentence, line, chunk) of interest.'})
+                # place unit of interest
+                messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': unit.text})
+
+            if verbose:
+                print(f"\n\n{Fore.GREEN}Unit {i}:{Style.RESET_ALL}\n{unit.text}\n")
+                if context != "":
+                    print(f"{Fore.YELLOW}Context:{Style.RESET_ALL}\n{context}\n")
+                
+                print(f"{Fore.BLUE}Extraction:{Style.RESET_ALL}")
+
+                response_stream = self.inference_engine.chat(
+                                messages=messages, 
+                                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
+                                temperature=temperature,
+                                stream=True,
+                                **kwrs
+                            )
+                
+                gen_text = ""
+                for chunk in response_stream:
+                    gen_text += chunk
+                    print(chunk, end='', flush=True)
+            
+            else:
+                gen_text = self.inference_engine.chat(
+                                messages=messages, 
+                                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
+                                temperature=temperature,
+                                stream=False,
+                                **kwrs
+                            )
+
+            if return_messages_log:
+                messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": gen_text})
+                messages_log.append(messages)
+
+            # add to output
+            result = FrameExtractionUnitResult(
+                            start=unit.start,
+                            end=unit.end,
+                            text=unit.text,
+                            gen_text=gen_text)
+            output.append(result)
+            
+        if return_messages_log:
+            return output, messages_log
+        
+        return output
+    
+    def stream(self, text_content: Union[str, Dict[str, str]], max_new_tokens: int = 2048, document_key: str = None, 
+               temperature: float = 0.0, **kwrs) -> Generator[Dict[str, Any], None, List[FrameExtractionUnitResult]]:
+        """
+        Streams LLM responses per unit with structured event types,
+        and returns collected data for post-processing.
+
+        Yields:
+        -------
+        Dict[str, Any]: (type, data)
+            - {"type": "info", "data": str_message}: General informational messages.
+            - {"type": "unit", "data": dict_unit_info}: Signals start of a new unit. dict_unit_info contains {'id', 'text', 'start', 'end'}
+            - {"type": "context", "data": str_context}: Context string for the current unit.
+            - {"type": "llm_chunk", "data": str_chunk}: A raw chunk from the LLM.
+
+        Returns:
+        --------
+        List[FrameExtractionUnitResult]:
+            A list of FrameExtractionUnitResult objects, each containing the
+            original unit details and the fully accumulated 'gen_text' from the LLM.
+        """
+        collected_results: List[FrameExtractionUnitResult] = []
+
+        if isinstance(text_content, str):
+            doc_text = text_content
+        elif isinstance(text_content, dict):
+            if document_key is None:
+                raise ValueError("document_key must be provided when text_content is dict.")
+            if document_key not in text_content:
+                raise ValueError(f"document_key '{document_key}' not found in text_content.")
+            doc_text = text_content[document_key]
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("text_content must be a string or a dictionary.")
+
+        units: List[FrameExtractionUnit] = self.unit_chunker.chunk(doc_text)
+        self.context_chunker.fit(doc_text, units)
+
+        yield {"type": "info", "data": f"Starting LLM processing for {len(units)} units."}
+
+        for i, unit in enumerate(units):
+            unit_info_payload = {"id": i, "text": unit.text, "start": unit.start, "end": unit.end}
+            yield {"type": "unit", "data": unit_info_payload}
+
+            messages = []
+            if self.system_prompt:
+                messages.append({'role': 'system', 'content': self.system_prompt})
+
+            context_str = self.context_chunker.chunk(unit)
+
+            # Construct prompt input based on whether text_content was str or dict
+            if context_str:
+                yield {"type": "context", "data": context_str}
+                prompt_input_for_context = context_str
+                if isinstance(text_content, dict):
+                    context_content_dict = text_content.copy()
+                    context_content_dict[document_key] = context_str
+                    prompt_input_for_context = context_content_dict
+                messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(prompt_input_for_context)})
+                messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'Sure, please provide the unit text (e.g., sentence, line, chunk) of interest.'})
+                messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': unit.text})
+            else: # No context
+                prompt_input_for_unit = unit.text
+                if isinstance(text_content, dict):
+                    unit_content_dict = text_content.copy()
+                    unit_content_dict[document_key] = unit.text
+                    prompt_input_for_unit = unit_content_dict
+                messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(prompt_input_for_unit)})
+
+            current_gen_text = ""
+
+            response_stream = self.inference_engine.chat(
+                messages=messages,
+                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens,
+                temperature=temperature,
+                stream=True,
+                **kwrs
+            )
+            for chunk in response_stream:
+                yield {"type": "llm_chunk", "data": chunk}
+                current_gen_text += chunk
+           
+            # Store the result for this unit
+            result_for_unit = FrameExtractionUnitResult(
+                start=unit.start,
+                end=unit.end,
+                text=unit.text,
+                gen_text=current_gen_text
+            )
+            collected_results.append(result_for_unit)
+
+        yield {"type": "info", "data": "All units processed by LLM."}
+        return collected_results
+
+    async def extract_async(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], max_new_tokens:int=2048, document_key:str=None, temperature:float=0.0, 
+                            concurrent_batch_size:int=32, return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> List[FrameExtractionUnitResult]:
+        """
+        This is the asynchronous version of the extract() method.
+
+        Parameters:
+        ----------
+        text_content : Union[str, Dict[str,str]]
+            the input text content to put in prompt template. 
+            If str, the prompt template must has only 1 placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}, regardless of placeholder name.
+            If dict, all the keys must be included in the prompt template placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}.
+        max_new_tokens : int, Optional
+            the max number of new tokens LLM should generate. 
+        document_key : str, Optional
+            specify the key in text_content where document text is. 
+            If text_content is str, this parameter will be ignored.
+        temperature : float, Optional
+            the temperature for token sampling.
+        concurrent_batch_size : int, Optional
+            the batch size for concurrent processing. 
+        return_messages_log : bool, Optional
+            if True, a list of messages will be returned.
+
+        Return : List[FrameExtractionUnitResult]
+            the output from LLM for each unit. Contains the start, end, text, and generated text.
         """
-        messages = []
-        if self.system_prompt:
-            messages.append({'role': 'system', 'content': self.system_prompt})
+        if isinstance(text_content, str):
+            doc_text = text_content
+        elif isinstance(text_content, dict):
+            if document_key is None:
+                raise ValueError("document_key must be provided when text_content is dict.")
+            if document_key not in text_content:
+                 raise ValueError(f"document_key '{document_key}' not found in text_content dictionary.")
+            doc_text = text_content[document_key]
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("text_content must be a string or a dictionary.")
+
+        units = self.unit_chunker.chunk(doc_text)
+
+        # context chunker init 
+        self.context_chunker.fit(doc_text, units)
+
+        # Prepare inputs for all units first
+        tasks_input = []
+        for i, unit in enumerate(units):
+            # construct chat messages
+            messages = []
+            if self.system_prompt:
+                messages.append({'role': 'system', 'content': self.system_prompt})
+
+            context = self.context_chunker.chunk(unit)
+
+            if context == "":
+                 # no context, just place unit in user prompt
+                if isinstance(text_content, str):
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(unit.text)})
+                else:
+                    unit_content = text_content.copy()
+                    unit_content[document_key] = unit.text
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(unit_content)})
+            else:
+                # insert context to user prompt
+                if isinstance(text_content, str):
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context)})
+                else:
+                    context_content = text_content.copy()
+                    context_content[document_key] = context
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context_content)})
+                # simulate conversation where assistant confirms
+                messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'Sure, please provide the unit text (e.g., sentence, line, chunk) of interest.'})
+                # place unit of interest
+                messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': unit.text})
+
+            # Store unit and messages together for the task
+            tasks_input.append({"unit": unit, "messages": messages, "original_index": i})
 
-        messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(text_content)})
-        response = self.inference_engine.chat(
+        # Process units concurrently with asyncio.Semaphore
+        semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(concurrent_batch_size)
+
+        async def semaphore_helper(task_data: Dict, max_new_tokens: int, temperature: float, **kwrs):
+            unit = task_data["unit"]
+            messages = task_data["messages"]
+            original_index = task_data["original_index"]
+
+            async with semaphore:
+                gen_text = await self.inference_engine.chat_async(
                     messages=messages,
-                    max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
+                    max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens,
                     temperature=temperature,
-                    stream=stream,
                     **kwrs
                 )
-        
+            return {"original_index": original_index, "unit": unit, "gen_text": gen_text, "messages": messages}
+           
+        # Create and gather tasks
+        tasks = []
+        for task_inp in tasks_input:
+            task = asyncio.create_task(semaphore_helper(
+                task_inp,
+                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens,
+                temperature=temperature,
+                **kwrs
+            ))
+            tasks.append(task)
+
+        results_raw = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+
+        # Sort results back into original order using the index stored
+        results_raw.sort(key=lambda x: x["original_index"])
+
+        # Restructure the results
+        output: List[FrameExtractionUnitResult] = []
+        messages_log: Optional[List[List[Dict[str, str]]]] = [] if return_messages_log else None
+
+        for result_data in results_raw:
+            unit = result_data["unit"]
+            gen_text = result_data["gen_text"]
+
+            # Create result object
+            result = FrameExtractionUnitResult(
+                start=unit.start,
+                end=unit.end,
+                text=unit.text,
+                gen_text=gen_text
+            )
+            output.append(result)
+
+            # Append to messages log if requested
+            if return_messages_log:
+                final_messages = result_data["messages"] + [{"role": "assistant", "content": gen_text}]
+                messages_log.append(final_messages)
+
         if return_messages_log:
-            messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response})
-            messages_log = [messages]
-            return response, messages_log
-        
-        return response
-    
+            return output, messages_log
+        else:
+            return output
 
-    def extract_frames(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], entity_key:str, max_new_tokens:int=2048, 
-                       temperature:float=0.0, document_key:str=None, stream:bool=False,
-                       case_sensitive:bool=False, fuzzy_match:bool=True, fuzzy_buffer_size:float=0.2, 
-                       fuzzy_score_cutoff:float=0.8, allow_overlap_entities:bool=False, 
-                       return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> List[LLMInformationExtractionFrame]:
+
+    def extract_frames(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], max_new_tokens:int=512, 
+                        document_key:str=None, temperature:float=0.0, verbose:bool=False, 
+                        concurrent:bool=False, concurrent_batch_size:int=32,
+                        case_sensitive:bool=False, fuzzy_match:bool=True, fuzzy_buffer_size:float=0.2, fuzzy_score_cutoff:float=0.8,
+                        allow_overlap_entities:bool=False, return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> List[LLMInformationExtractionFrame]:
         """
         This method inputs a text and outputs a list of LLMInformationExtractionFrame
         It use the extract() method and post-process outputs into frames.
@@ -419,17 +774,19 @@ class BasicFrameExtractor(FrameExtractor):
             the input text content to put in prompt template. 
             If str, the prompt template must has only 1 placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}, regardless of placeholder name.
             If dict, all the keys must be included in the prompt template placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}.
-        entity_key : str
-            the key (in ouptut JSON) for entity text. Any extraction that does not include entity key will be dropped.
         max_new_tokens : str, Optional
             the max number of new tokens LLM should generate. 
-        temperature : float, Optional
-            the temperature for token sampling.
         document_key : str, Optional
             specify the key in text_content where document text is. 
             If text_content is str, this parameter will be ignored.
-        stream : bool, Optional
-            if True, LLM generated text will be printed in terminal in real-time.
+        temperature : float, Optional
+            the temperature for token sampling.
+        verbose : bool, Optional
+            if True, LLM generated text will be printed in terminal in real-time. 
+        concurrent : bool, Optional
+            if True, the sentences will be extracted in concurrent.
+        concurrent_batch_size : int, Optional
+            the number of sentences to process in concurrent. Only used when `concurrent` is True.
         case_sensitive : bool, Optional
             if True, entity text matching will be case-sensitive.
         fuzzy_match : bool, Optional
@@ -448,58 +805,74 @@ class BasicFrameExtractor(FrameExtractor):
         Return : str
             a list of frames.
         """
-        if isinstance(text_content, str):
-            text = text_content
-        elif isinstance(text_content, dict):
-            if document_key is None:
-                raise ValueError("document_key must be provided when text_content is dict.")
-            text = text_content[document_key]
+        ENTITY_KEY = "entity_text"
+        if concurrent:
+            if verbose:
+                warnings.warn("verbose=True is not supported in concurrent mode.", RuntimeWarning)
+
+            nest_asyncio.apply() # For Jupyter notebook. Terminal does not need this.
+            extraction_results = asyncio.run(self.extract_async(text_content=text_content, 
+                                                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
+                                                document_key=document_key,
+                                                temperature=temperature, 
+                                                concurrent_batch_size=concurrent_batch_size,
+                                                return_messages_log=return_messages_log,
+                                                **kwrs)
+                                            )
+        else:
+            extraction_results = self.extract(text_content=text_content, 
+                                                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
+                                                document_key=document_key,
+                                                temperature=temperature, 
+                                                verbose=verbose,
+                                                return_messages_log=return_messages_log,
+                                                **kwrs)
+            
+        llm_output_results, messages_log = extraction_results if return_messages_log else (extraction_results, None)
         
         frame_list = []
-        extraction_results = self.extract(text_content=text_content, 
-                                    max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
-                                    temperature=temperature, 
-                                    stream=stream,
-                                    return_messages_log=return_messages_log,
-                                    **kwrs)
-        gen_text, messages_log = extraction_results if return_messages_log else (extraction_results, None)
-
-        entity_json = []
-        for entity in self._extract_json(gen_text=gen_text):
-            if entity_key in entity:
-                entity_json.append(entity)
-            else:
-                warnings.warn(f'Extractor output "{entity}" does not have entity_key ("{entity_key}"). This frame will be dropped.', RuntimeWarning)
-
-        spans = self._find_entity_spans(text=text, 
-                                        entities=[e[entity_key] for e in entity_json], 
-                                        case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
-                                        fuzzy_match=fuzzy_match,
-                                        fuzzy_buffer_size=fuzzy_buffer_size,
-                                        fuzzy_score_cutoff=fuzzy_score_cutoff,
-                                        allow_overlap_entities=allow_overlap_entities)
-        
-        for i, (ent, span) in enumerate(zip(entity_json, spans)):
-            if span is not None:
-                start, end = span
-                frame = LLMInformationExtractionFrame(frame_id=f"{i}", 
-                            start=start,
-                            end=end,
-                            entity_text=text[start:end],
-                            attr={k: v for k, v in ent.items() if k != entity_key and v != ""})
-                frame_list.append(frame)
+        for res in llm_output_results:
+            entity_json = []
+            for entity in self._extract_json(gen_text=res.gen_text):
+                if ENTITY_KEY in entity:
+                    entity_json.append(entity)
+                else:
+                    warnings.warn(f'Extractor output "{entity}" does not have entity_key ("{ENTITY_KEY}"). This frame will be dropped.', RuntimeWarning)
+
+            spans = self._find_entity_spans(text=res.text, 
+                                            entities=[e[ENTITY_KEY] for e in entity_json], 
+                                            case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+                                            fuzzy_match=fuzzy_match,
+                                            fuzzy_buffer_size=fuzzy_buffer_size,
+                                            fuzzy_score_cutoff=fuzzy_score_cutoff,
+                                            allow_overlap_entities=allow_overlap_entities)
+            for ent, span in zip(entity_json, spans):
+                if span is not None:
+                    start, end = span
+                    entity_text = res.text[start:end]
+                    start += res.start
+                    end += res.start
+                    attr = {}
+                    if "attr" in ent and ent["attr"] is not None:
+                        attr = ent["attr"]
+                       
+                    frame = LLMInformationExtractionFrame(frame_id=f"{len(frame_list)}", 
+                                start=start,
+                                end=end,
+                                entity_text=entity_text,
+                                attr=attr)
+                    frame_list.append(frame)
 
         if return_messages_log:
             return frame_list, messages_log
-        
         return frame_list
         
 
-class ReviewFrameExtractor(BasicFrameExtractor):
-    def __init__(self, inference_engine:InferenceEngine, prompt_template:str, 
-                 review_mode:str, review_prompt:str=None,system_prompt:str=None, **kwrs):
+class ReviewFrameExtractor(DirectFrameExtractor):
+    def __init__(self, unit_chunker:UnitChunker, context_chunker:ContextChunker, 
+                 inference_engine:InferenceEngine, prompt_template:str, review_mode:str, review_prompt:str=None, system_prompt:str=None, **kwrs):
         """
-        This class add a review step after the BasicFrameExtractor.
+        This class add a review step after the DirectFrameExtractor.
         The Review process asks LLM to review its output and:
             1. add more frames while keep current. This is efficient for boosting recall. 
             2. or, regenerate frames (add new and delete existing). 
@@ -507,6 +880,10 @@ class ReviewFrameExtractor(BasicFrameExtractor):
 
         Parameters:
         ----------
+        unit_chunker : UnitChunker
+            the unit chunker object that determines how to chunk the document text into units.
+        context_chunker : ContextChunker
+            the context chunker object that determines how to get context for each unit.
         inference_engine : InferenceEngine
             the LLM inferencing engine object. Must implements the chat() method.
         prompt_template : str
@@ -520,27 +897,52 @@ class ReviewFrameExtractor(BasicFrameExtractor):
         system_prompt : str, Optional
             system prompt.
         """
-        super().__init__(inference_engine=inference_engine, prompt_template=prompt_template, 
-                         system_prompt=system_prompt, **kwrs)
+        super().__init__(inference_engine=inference_engine, 
+                         unit_chunker=unit_chunker, 
+                         prompt_template=prompt_template, 
+                         system_prompt=system_prompt, 
+                         context_chunker=context_chunker,
+                         **kwrs)
+        # check review mode
         if review_mode not in {"addition", "revision"}: 
             raise ValueError('review_mode must be one of {"addition", "revision"}.')
         self.review_mode = review_mode
-
+        # assign review prompt
         if review_prompt:
             self.review_prompt = review_prompt
         else:
-            file_path = importlib.resources.files('llm_ie.asset.default_prompts').\
-                joinpath(f"{self.__class__.__name__}_{self.review_mode}_review_prompt.txt")
-            with open(file_path, 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
-                self.review_prompt = f.read()
-
-            warnings.warn(f'Custom review prompt not provided. The default review prompt is used:\n"{self.review_prompt}"', UserWarning)
-
+            self.review_prompt = None
+            original_class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+
+            current_class_name = original_class_name
+            for current_class_in_mro in self.__class__.__mro__:
+                if current_class_in_mro is object: 
+                    continue
+
+                current_class_name = current_class_in_mro.__name__
+                try:
+                    file_path = importlib.resources.files('llm_ie.asset.default_prompts').\
+                        joinpath(f"{self.__class__.__name__}_{self.review_mode}_review_prompt.txt")
+                    with open(file_path, 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                        self.review_prompt = f.read()
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    pass
+
+                except Exception as e:
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        f"Error attempting to read default review prompt for '{current_class_name}' "
+                        f"from '{str(file_path)}': {e}. Trying next in MRO.",
+                        UserWarning
+                    )
+                    continue 
+            
+        if self.review_prompt is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Cannot find review prompt for {self.__class__.__name__} in the package. Please provide a review_prompt.")
 
-    def extract(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], 
-                max_new_tokens:int=4096, temperature:float=0.0, stream:bool=False, return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> str:
+    def extract(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], max_new_tokens:int=2048, document_key:str=None, 
+                temperature:float=0.0, verbose:bool=False, return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> List[FrameExtractionUnitResult]:
         """
-        This method inputs a text and outputs a string generated by LLM.
+        This method inputs a text and outputs a list of outputs per unit.
 
         Parameters:
         ----------
@@ -548,515 +950,161 @@ class ReviewFrameExtractor(BasicFrameExtractor):
             the input text content to put in prompt template. 
             If str, the prompt template must has only 1 placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}, regardless of placeholder name.
             If dict, all the keys must be included in the prompt template placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}.
-        max_new_tokens : str, Optional
-            the max number of new tokens LLM can generate. 
+        max_new_tokens : int, Optional
+            the max number of new tokens LLM should generate. 
+        document_key : str, Optional
+            specify the key in text_content where document text is. 
+            If text_content is str, this parameter will be ignored.
         temperature : float, Optional
-            the temperature for token sampling. 
-        stream : bool, Optional
+            the temperature for token sampling.
+        verbose : bool, Optional
             if True, LLM generated text will be printed in terminal in real-time. 
         return_messages_log : bool, Optional
             if True, a list of messages will be returned.
 
-        Return : str
-            the output from LLM. Need post-processing.
+        Return : List[FrameExtractionUnitResult]
+            the output from LLM for each unit. Contains the start, end, text, and generated text.
         """
-        messages = []
-        if self.system_prompt:
-            messages.append({'role': 'system', 'content': self.system_prompt})
-
-        messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(text_content)})
-        # Initial output
-        if stream:
-            print(f"{Fore.BLUE}Initial Output:{Style.RESET_ALL}")
-
-        initial = self.inference_engine.chat(
-                        messages=messages,
-                        max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
-                        temperature=temperature,
-                        stream=stream,
-                        **kwrs
-                    )
-
-        # Review
-        messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': initial})
-        messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self.review_prompt})
-
-        if stream:
-            print(f"\n{Fore.YELLOW}Review:{Style.RESET_ALL}")
-        review = self.inference_engine.chat(
-                        messages=messages, 
-                        max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
-                        temperature=temperature,
-                        stream=stream,
-                        **kwrs
-                    )
-
-        # Output
-        output_text = ""
-        if self.review_mode == "revision":
-            output_text = review
-        elif self.review_mode == "addition":
-            output_text = initial + '\n' + review
+        # define output
+        output = []
+        # unit chunking
+        if isinstance(text_content, str):
+            doc_text = text_content
 
-        if return_messages_log:
-            messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": review})
-            messages_log = [messages]
-            return output_text, messages_log
+        elif isinstance(text_content, dict):
+            if document_key is None:
+                raise ValueError("document_key must be provided when text_content is dict.")
+            doc_text = text_content[document_key]
         
-        return output_text
-
+        units = self.unit_chunker.chunk(doc_text)
+        # context chunker init
+        self.context_chunker.fit(doc_text, units)
+        # messages log
+        if return_messages_log:
+            messages_log = []
 
-class SentenceFrameExtractor(FrameExtractor):
-    from nltk.tokenize.punkt import PunktSentenceTokenizer
-    def __init__(self, inference_engine:InferenceEngine, prompt_template:str, system_prompt:str=None,
-                 context_sentences:Union[str, int]="all", **kwrs):
-        """
-        This class performs sentence-by-sentence information extraction.
-        The process is as follows:
-            1. system prompt (optional)
-            2. user prompt with instructions (schema, background, full text, few-shot example...)
-            3. feed a sentence (start with first sentence)
-            4. LLM extract entities and attributes from the sentence
-            5. repeat #3 and #4
-
-        Input system prompt (optional), prompt template (with user instructions), 
-        and specify a LLM.
-
-        Parameters:
-        ----------
-        inference_engine : InferenceEngine
-            the LLM inferencing engine object. Must implements the chat() method.
-        prompt_template : str
-            prompt template with "{{<placeholder name>}}" placeholder.
-        system_prompt : str, Optional
-            system prompt.
-        context_sentences : Union[str, int], Optional
-            number of sentences before and after the given sentence to provide additional context. 
-            if "all", the full text will be provided in the prompt as context. 
-            if 0, no additional context will be provided.
-                This is good for tasks that does not require context beyond the given sentence. 
-            if > 0, the number of sentences before and after the given sentence to provide as context.
-                This is good for tasks that require context beyond the given sentence. 
-        """
-        super().__init__(inference_engine=inference_engine, prompt_template=prompt_template, 
-                         system_prompt=system_prompt, **kwrs)
-        
-        if not isinstance(context_sentences, int) and context_sentences != "all":
-            raise ValueError('context_sentences must be an integer (>= 0) or "all".')
-        
-        if isinstance(context_sentences, int) and context_sentences < 0:
-            raise ValueError("context_sentences must be a positive integer.")
-            
-        self.context_sentences =context_sentences
-        
-
-    def _get_sentences(self, text:str) -> List[Dict[str,str]]:
-        """
-        This method sentence tokenize the input text into a list of sentences 
-        as dict of {start, end, sentence_text}
-
-        Parameters:
-        ----------
-        text : str
-            text to sentence tokenize.
-
-        Returns : List[Dict[str,str]]
-            a list of sentences as dict with keys: {"sentence_text", "start", "end"}. 
-        """
-        sentences = []
-        for start, end in self.PunktSentenceTokenizer().span_tokenize(text):
-            sentences.append({"sentence_text": text[start:end],
-                            "start": start,
-                            "end": end})    
-        return sentences
-    
-
-    def _get_context_sentences(self, text_content, i:int, sentences:List[Dict[str, str]], document_key:str=None) -> str:
-        """
-        This function returns the context sentences for the current sentence of interest (i). 
-        """
-        if self.context_sentences == "all":
-            context = text_content if isinstance(text_content, str) else text_content[document_key]
-        elif self.context_sentences == 0:
-            context = ""
-        else:
-            start = max(0, i - self.context_sentences)
-            end = min(i + 1 + self.context_sentences, len(sentences))   
-            context = " ".join([s['sentence_text'] for s in sentences[start:end]])
-        return context
-    
-    
-    def extract(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], max_new_tokens:int=512, 
-                document_key:str=None, temperature:float=0.0, stream:bool=False, return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> List[Dict[str,str]]:
-        """
-        This method inputs a text and outputs a list of outputs per sentence. 
-
-        Parameters:
-        ----------
-        text_content : Union[str, Dict[str,str]]
-            the input text content to put in prompt template. 
-            If str, the prompt template must has only 1 placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}, regardless of placeholder name.
-            If dict, all the keys must be included in the prompt template placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}.
-        max_new_tokens : str, Optional
-            the max number of new tokens LLM should generate. 
-        document_key : str, Optional
-            specify the key in text_content where document text is. 
-            If text_content is str, this parameter will be ignored.
-        temperature : float, Optional
-            the temperature for token sampling.
-        stream : bool, Optional
-            if True, LLM generated text will be printed in terminal in real-time. 
-        return_messages_log : bool, Optional
-            if True, a list of messages will be returned.
-
-        Return : str
-            the output from LLM. Need post-processing.
-        """
-        # define output
-        output = []
-        # sentence tokenization
-        if isinstance(text_content, str):
-            sentences = self._get_sentences(text_content)
-        elif isinstance(text_content, dict):
-            if document_key is None:
-                raise ValueError("document_key must be provided when text_content is dict.")
-            sentences = self._get_sentences(text_content[document_key])
-
-        if return_messages_log:
-            messages_log = []
-
-        # generate sentence by sentence
-        for i, sent in enumerate(sentences):
+        # generate unit by unit
+        for i, unit in enumerate(units):
+            # <--- Initial generation step --->
             # construct chat messages
             messages = []
             if self.system_prompt:
                 messages.append({'role': 'system', 'content': self.system_prompt})
 
-            context = self._get_context_sentences(text_content, i, sentences, document_key)
+            context = self.context_chunker.chunk(unit)
             
-            if self.context_sentences == 0:
-                # no context, just place sentence of interest
+            if context == "":
+                # no context, just place unit in user prompt
                 if isinstance(text_content, str):
-                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(sent['sentence_text'])})
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(unit.text)})
                 else:
-                    sentence_content = text_content.copy()
-                    sentence_content[document_key] = sent['sentence_text']
-                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(sentence_content)})
+                    unit_content = text_content.copy()
+                    unit_content[document_key] = unit.text
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(unit_content)})
             else:
-                # insert context
+                # insert context to user prompt
                 if isinstance(text_content, str):
                     messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context)})
                 else:
                     context_content = text_content.copy()
                     context_content[document_key] = context
                     messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context_content)})
-                # simulate conversation
-                messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'Sure, please provide the sentence of interest.'})
-                # place sentence of interest
-                messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': sent['sentence_text']})
-
-            if stream:
-                print(f"\n\n{Fore.GREEN}Sentence {i}:{Style.RESET_ALL}\n{sent['sentence_text']}\n")
-                if isinstance(self.context_sentences, int) and self.context_sentences > 0:
+                # simulate conversation where assistant confirms
+                messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'Sure, please provide the unit text (e.g., sentence, line, chunk) of interest.'})
+                # place unit of interest
+                messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': unit.text})
+
+            if verbose:
+                print(f"\n\n{Fore.GREEN}Unit {i}:{Style.RESET_ALL}\n{unit.text}\n")
+                if context != "":
                     print(f"{Fore.YELLOW}Context:{Style.RESET_ALL}\n{context}\n")
                 
                 print(f"{Fore.BLUE}Extraction:{Style.RESET_ALL}")
 
-            gen_text = self.inference_engine.chat(
-                            messages=messages, 
-                            max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
-                            temperature=temperature,
-                            stream=stream,
-                            **kwrs
-                        )
+                response_stream = self.inference_engine.chat(
+                                messages=messages, 
+                                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
+                                temperature=temperature,
+                                stream=True,
+                                **kwrs
+                            )
+                
+                initial = ""
+                for chunk in response_stream:
+                    initial += chunk
+                    print(chunk, end='', flush=True)
             
+            else:
+                initial = self.inference_engine.chat(
+                                messages=messages, 
+                                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
+                                temperature=temperature,
+                                stream=False,
+                                **kwrs
+                            )
+
             if return_messages_log:
-                messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": gen_text})
+                messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": initial})
                 messages_log.append(messages)
 
-            # add to output
-            output.append({'sentence_start': sent['start'],
-                            'sentence_end': sent['end'],
-                            'sentence_text': sent['sentence_text'],
-                            'gen_text': gen_text})
-            
-        if return_messages_log:
-            return output, messages_log
-        
-        return output
-    
-
-    async def extract_async(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], max_new_tokens:int=512, 
-                document_key:str=None, temperature:float=0.0, concurrent_batch_size:int=32, 
-                return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> List[Dict[str,str]]:
-        """
-        The asynchronous version of the extract() method.
-
-        Parameters:
-        ----------
-        text_content : Union[str, Dict[str,str]]
-            the input text content to put in prompt template. 
-            If str, the prompt template must has only 1 placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}, regardless of placeholder name.
-            If dict, all the keys must be included in the prompt template placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}.
-        max_new_tokens : str, Optional
-            the max number of new tokens LLM should generate. 
-        document_key : str, Optional
-            specify the key in text_content where document text is. 
-            If text_content is str, this parameter will be ignored.
-        temperature : float, Optional
-            the temperature for token sampling.
-        concurrent_batch_size : int, Optional
-            the number of sentences to process in concurrent.
-        return_messages_log : bool, Optional
-            if True, a list of messages will be returned.
-
-        Return : str
-            the output from LLM. Need post-processing.
-        """
-        # Check if self.inference_engine.chat_async() is implemented
-        if not hasattr(self.inference_engine, 'chat_async'):
-            raise NotImplementedError(f"{self.inference_engine.__class__.__name__} does not have chat_async() method.")
-
-        # define output
-        output = []
-        # sentence tokenization
-        if isinstance(text_content, str):
-            sentences = self._get_sentences(text_content)
-        elif isinstance(text_content, dict):
-            if document_key is None:
-                raise ValueError("document_key must be provided when text_content is dict.")
-            sentences = self._get_sentences(text_content[document_key])
-
-        if return_messages_log:
-            messages_log = []
+            # <--- Review step --->
+            if verbose:
+                print(f"\n{Fore.YELLOW}Review:{Style.RESET_ALL}")
 
-        # generate sentence by sentence
-        for i in range(0, len(sentences), concurrent_batch_size):
-            tasks = []
-            batch = sentences[i:i + concurrent_batch_size]
-            batch_messages = []
-            for j, sent in enumerate(batch):
-                # construct chat messages
-                messages = []
-                if self.system_prompt:
-                    messages.append({'role': 'system', 'content': self.system_prompt})
+            messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': initial})
+            messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self.review_prompt})
 
-                context = self._get_context_sentences(text_content, i + j, sentences, document_key)
-                
-                if self.context_sentences == 0:
-                    # no context, just place sentence of interest
-                    if isinstance(text_content, str):
-                        messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(sent['sentence_text'])})
-                    else:
-                        sentence_content = text_content.copy()
-                        sentence_content[document_key] = sent['sentence_text']
-                        messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(sentence_content)})
-                else:
-                    # insert context
-                    if isinstance(text_content, str):
-                        messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context)})
-                    else:
-                        context_content = text_content.copy()
-                        context_content[document_key] = context
-                        messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context_content)})
-                    # simulate conversation
-                    messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'Sure, please provide the sentence of interest.'})
-                    # place sentence of interest
-                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': sent['sentence_text']})
+            if verbose:
+                response_stream = self.inference_engine.chat(
+                                messages=messages, 
+                                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
+                                temperature=temperature,
+                                stream=True,
+                                **kwrs
+                            )
                 
-                # add to tasks
-                task = asyncio.create_task(
-                    self.inference_engine.chat_async(
+                review = ""
+                for chunk in response_stream:
+                    review += chunk
+                    print(chunk, end='', flush=True)
+            
+            else:
+                review = self.inference_engine.chat(
                                 messages=messages, 
                                 max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
                                 temperature=temperature,
+                                stream=False,
                                 **kwrs
                             )
-                )
-                tasks.append(task)
-                batch_messages.append(messages)
 
-            # Wait until the batch is done, collect results and move on to next batch
-            responses = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+            # Output
+            if self.review_mode == "revision":
+                gen_text = review
+            elif self.review_mode == "addition":
+                gen_text = initial + '\n' + review
 
-            # Collect outputs
-            for gen_text, sent, messages in zip(responses, batch, batch_messages):
-                if return_messages_log:
-                    messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": gen_text})
-                    messages_log.append(messages)
+            if return_messages_log:
+                messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": review})
+                messages_log.append(messages)
 
-                output.append({'sentence_start': sent['start'],
-                                'sentence_end': sent['end'],
-                                'sentence_text': sent['sentence_text'],
-                                'gen_text': gen_text})
-        
+            # add to output
+            result = FrameExtractionUnitResult(
+                            start=unit.start,
+                            end=unit.end,
+                            text=unit.text,
+                            gen_text=gen_text)
+            output.append(result)
+            
         if return_messages_log:
             return output, messages_log
         
         return output
-    
 
-    def extract_frames(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], entity_key:str, max_new_tokens:int=512, 
-                        document_key:str=None, temperature:float=0.0, stream:bool=False, 
-                        concurrent:bool=False, concurrent_batch_size:int=32,
-                        case_sensitive:bool=False, fuzzy_match:bool=True, fuzzy_buffer_size:float=0.2, fuzzy_score_cutoff:float=0.8,
-                        allow_overlap_entities:bool=False, return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> List[LLMInformationExtractionFrame]:
-        """
-        This method inputs a text and outputs a list of LLMInformationExtractionFrame
-        It use the extract() method and post-process outputs into frames.
 
-        Parameters:
-        ----------
-        text_content : Union[str, Dict[str,str]]
-            the input text content to put in prompt template. 
-            If str, the prompt template must has only 1 placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}, regardless of placeholder name.
-            If dict, all the keys must be included in the prompt template placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}.
-        entity_key : str
-            the key (in ouptut JSON) for entity text.
-        max_new_tokens : str, Optional
-            the max number of new tokens LLM should generate. 
-        document_key : str, Optional
-            specify the key in text_content where document text is. 
-            If text_content is str, this parameter will be ignored.
-        temperature : float, Optional
-            the temperature for token sampling.
-        stream : bool, Optional
-            if True, LLM generated text will be printed in terminal in real-time. 
-        concurrent : bool, Optional
-            if True, the sentences will be extracted in concurrent.
-        concurrent_batch_size : int, Optional
-            the number of sentences to process in concurrent. Only used when `concurrent` is True.
-        case_sensitive : bool, Optional
-            if True, entity text matching will be case-sensitive.
-        fuzzy_match : bool, Optional
-            if True, fuzzy matching will be applied to find entity text.
-        fuzzy_buffer_size : float, Optional
-            the buffer size for fuzzy matching. Default is 20% of entity text length.
-        fuzzy_score_cutoff : float, Optional
-            the Jaccard score cutoff for fuzzy matching. 
-            Matched entity text must have a score higher than this value or a None will be returned.
-        allow_overlap_entities : bool, Optional
-            if True, entities can overlap in the text. 
-            Note that this can cause multiple frames to be generated on the same entity span if they have same entity text.
-        return_messages_log : bool, Optional
-            if True, a list of messages will be returned.
-
-        Return : str
-            a list of frames.
+    def stream(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], max_new_tokens:int=2048, 
+               document_key:str=None, temperature:float=0.0, **kwrs) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
         """
-        if concurrent:
-            if stream:
-                warnings.warn("stream=True is not supported in concurrent mode.", RuntimeWarning)
-
-            nest_asyncio.apply() # For Jupyter notebook. Terminal does not need this.
-            extraction_results = asyncio.run(self.extract_async(text_content=text_content, 
-                                                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
-                                                document_key=document_key,
-                                                temperature=temperature, 
-                                                concurrent_batch_size=concurrent_batch_size,
-                                                return_messages_log=return_messages_log,
-                                                **kwrs)
-                                            )
-        else:
-            extraction_results = self.extract(text_content=text_content, 
-                                            max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
-                                            document_key=document_key,
-                                            temperature=temperature, 
-                                            stream=stream,
-                                            return_messages_log=return_messages_log,
-                                            **kwrs)
-            
-        llm_output_sentences, messages_log = extraction_results if return_messages_log else (extraction_results, None)
-        
-        frame_list = []
-        for sent in llm_output_sentences:
-            entity_json = []
-            for entity in self._extract_json(gen_text=sent['gen_text']):
-                if entity_key in entity:
-                    entity_json.append(entity)
-                else:
-                    warnings.warn(f'Extractor output "{entity}" does not have entity_key ("{entity_key}"). This frame will be dropped.', RuntimeWarning)
-
-            spans = self._find_entity_spans(text=sent['sentence_text'], 
-                                            entities=[e[entity_key] for e in entity_json], 
-                                            case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
-                                            fuzzy_match=fuzzy_match,
-                                            fuzzy_buffer_size=fuzzy_buffer_size,
-                                            fuzzy_score_cutoff=fuzzy_score_cutoff,
-                                            allow_overlap_entities=allow_overlap_entities)
-            for ent, span in zip(entity_json, spans):
-                if span is not None:
-                    start, end = span
-                    entity_text = sent['sentence_text'][start:end]
-                    start += sent['sentence_start']
-                    end += sent['sentence_start']
-                    frame = LLMInformationExtractionFrame(frame_id=f"{len(frame_list)}", 
-                                start=start,
-                                end=end,
-                                entity_text=entity_text,
-                                attr={k: v for k, v in ent.items() if k != entity_key and v != ""})
-                    frame_list.append(frame)
-
-        if return_messages_log:
-            return frame_list, messages_log
-        return frame_list
-
-
-class SentenceReviewFrameExtractor(SentenceFrameExtractor):
-    def __init__(self, inference_engine:InferenceEngine, prompt_template:str,  
-                 review_mode:str, review_prompt:str=None, system_prompt:str=None,
-                 context_sentences:Union[str, int]="all", **kwrs):
-        """
-        This class adds a review step after the SentenceFrameExtractor.
-        For each sentence, the review process asks LLM to review its output and:
-            1. add more frames while keeping current. This is efficient for boosting recall. 
-            2. or, regenerate frames (add new and delete existing). 
-        Use the review_mode parameter to specify. Note that the review_prompt should instruct LLM accordingly.
-
-        Parameters:
-        ----------
-        inference_engine : InferenceEngine
-            the LLM inferencing engine object. Must implements the chat() method.
-        prompt_template : str
-            prompt template with "{{<placeholder name>}}" placeholder.
-        review_prompt : str: Optional
-            the prompt text that ask LLM to review. Specify addition or revision in the instruction.
-            if not provided, a default review prompt will be used. 
-        review_mode : str
-            review mode. Must be one of {"addition", "revision"}
-            addition mode only ask LLM to add new frames, while revision mode ask LLM to regenerate.
-        system_prompt : str, Optional
-            system prompt.
-        context_sentences : Union[str, int], Optional
-            number of sentences before and after the given sentence to provide additional context. 
-            if "all", the full text will be provided in the prompt as context. 
-            if 0, no additional context will be provided.
-                This is good for tasks that does not require context beyond the given sentence. 
-            if > 0, the number of sentences before and after the given sentence to provide as context.
-                This is good for tasks that require context beyond the given sentence. 
-        """
-        super().__init__(inference_engine=inference_engine, prompt_template=prompt_template, 
-                         system_prompt=system_prompt, context_sentences=context_sentences, **kwrs)
-
-        if review_mode not in {"addition", "revision"}: 
-            raise ValueError('review_mode must be one of {"addition", "revision"}.')
-        self.review_mode = review_mode
-
-        if review_prompt:
-            self.review_prompt = review_prompt
-        else:
-            file_path = importlib.resources.files('llm_ie.asset.default_prompts').\
-                joinpath(f"{self.__class__.__name__}_{self.review_mode}_review_prompt.txt")
-            with open(file_path, 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
-                self.review_prompt = f.read()
-
-            warnings.warn(f'Custom review prompt not provided. The default review prompt is used:\n"{self.review_prompt}"', UserWarning)
-
-
-    def extract(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], max_new_tokens:int=512, 
-                document_key:str=None, temperature:float=0.0, stream:bool=False, return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> List[Dict[str,str]]:
-        """
-        This method inputs a text and outputs a list of outputs per sentence. 
+        This method inputs a text and outputs a list of outputs per unit.
 
         Parameters:
         ----------
@@ -1064,281 +1112,371 @@ class SentenceReviewFrameExtractor(SentenceFrameExtractor):
             the input text content to put in prompt template. 
             If str, the prompt template must has only 1 placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}, regardless of placeholder name.
             If dict, all the keys must be included in the prompt template placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}.
-        max_new_tokens : str, Optional
+        max_new_tokens : int, Optional
             the max number of new tokens LLM should generate. 
         document_key : str, Optional
             specify the key in text_content where document text is. 
             If text_content is str, this parameter will be ignored.
         temperature : float, Optional
             the temperature for token sampling.
-        stream : bool, Optional
-            if True, LLM generated text will be printed in terminal in real-time. 
-        return_messages_log : bool, Optional
-            if True, a list of messages will be returned.
 
-        Return : str
-            the output from LLM. Need post-processing.
+        Return : List[FrameExtractionUnitResult]
+            the output from LLM for each unit. Contains the start, end, text, and generated text.
         """
-        # define output
-        output = []
-        # sentence tokenization
+        # unit chunking
         if isinstance(text_content, str):
-            sentences = self._get_sentences(text_content)
+            doc_text = text_content
+
         elif isinstance(text_content, dict):
             if document_key is None:
                 raise ValueError("document_key must be provided when text_content is dict.")
-            sentences = self._get_sentences(text_content[document_key])
+            doc_text = text_content[document_key]
         
-        if return_messages_log:
-            messages_log = []
+        units = self.unit_chunker.chunk(doc_text)
+        # context chunker init
+        self.context_chunker.fit(doc_text, units)
 
-        # generate sentence by sentence
-        for i, sent in enumerate(sentences):
+        # generate unit by unit
+        for i, unit in enumerate(units):
+            # <--- Initial generation step --->
             # construct chat messages
             messages = []
             if self.system_prompt:
                 messages.append({'role': 'system', 'content': self.system_prompt})
 
-            context = self._get_context_sentences(text_content, i, sentences, document_key)
+            context = self.context_chunker.chunk(unit)
             
-            if self.context_sentences == 0:
-                # no context, just place sentence of interest
+            if context == "":
+                # no context, just place unit in user prompt
                 if isinstance(text_content, str):
-                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(sent['sentence_text'])})
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(unit.text)})
                 else:
-                    sentence_content = text_content.copy()
-                    sentence_content[document_key] = sent['sentence_text']
-                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(sentence_content)})
+                    unit_content = text_content.copy()
+                    unit_content[document_key] = unit.text
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(unit_content)})
             else:
-                # insert context
+                # insert context to user prompt
                 if isinstance(text_content, str):
                     messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context)})
                 else:
                     context_content = text_content.copy()
                     context_content[document_key] = context
                     messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context_content)})
-                # simulate conversation
-                messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'Sure, please provide the sentence of interest.'})
-                # place sentence of interest
-                messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': sent['sentence_text']})
+                # simulate conversation where assistant confirms
+                messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'Sure, please provide the unit text (e.g., sentence, line, chunk) of interest.'})
+                # place unit of interest
+                messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': unit.text})
 
-            if stream:
-                print(f"\n\n{Fore.GREEN}Sentence {i}: {Style.RESET_ALL}\n{sent['sentence_text']}\n")
-                if isinstance(self.context_sentences, int) and self.context_sentences > 0:
-                    print(f"{Fore.YELLOW}Context:{Style.RESET_ALL}\n{context}\n")
-                print(f"{Fore.BLUE}Initial Output:{Style.RESET_ALL}")
 
-            initial = self.inference_engine.chat(
+            yield f"\n\n{Fore.GREEN}Unit {i}:{Style.RESET_ALL}\n{unit.text}\n"
+            if context != "":
+                yield f"{Fore.YELLOW}Context:{Style.RESET_ALL}\n{context}\n"
+            
+            yield f"{Fore.BLUE}Extraction:{Style.RESET_ALL}\n"
+
+            response_stream = self.inference_engine.chat(
                             messages=messages, 
                             max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
                             temperature=temperature,
-                            stream=stream,
+                            stream=True,
                             **kwrs
                         )
             
-            # Review
-            if stream:
-                print(f"\n{Fore.YELLOW}Review:{Style.RESET_ALL}")
+            initial = ""
+            for chunk in response_stream:
+                initial += chunk
+                yield chunk
+
+            # <--- Review step --->
+            yield f"\n{Fore.YELLOW}Review:{Style.RESET_ALL}"
 
             messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': initial})
             messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self.review_prompt})
 
-            review = self.inference_engine.chat(
+            response_stream = self.inference_engine.chat(
                             messages=messages, 
                             max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
                             temperature=temperature,
-                            stream=stream,
+                            stream=True,
                             **kwrs
                         )
             
-            # Output
-            if self.review_mode == "revision":
-                gen_text = review
-            elif self.review_mode == "addition":
-                gen_text = initial + '\n' + review
-
-            if return_messages_log:
-                messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": review})
-                messages_log.append(messages)
+            for chunk in response_stream:
+                yield chunk
 
-            # add to output
-            output.append({'sentence_start': sent['start'],
-                            'sentence_end': sent['end'],
-                            'sentence_text': sent['sentence_text'],
-                            'gen_text': gen_text})
-        
-        if return_messages_log:    
-            return output, messages_log
-        
-        return output
-    
-    async def extract_async(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], max_new_tokens:int=512, 
-                document_key:str=None, temperature:float=0.0, concurrent_batch_size:int=32, return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> List[Dict[str,str]]:
+    async def extract_async(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], max_new_tokens:int=2048, document_key:str=None, temperature:float=0.0,
+                            concurrent_batch_size:int=32, return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> List[FrameExtractionUnitResult]:
         """
-        The asynchronous version of the extract() method.
+        This is the asynchronous version of the extract() method with the review step.
 
         Parameters:
         ----------
         text_content : Union[str, Dict[str,str]]
-            the input text content to put in prompt template. 
+            the input text content to put in prompt template.
             If str, the prompt template must has only 1 placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}, regardless of placeholder name.
             If dict, all the keys must be included in the prompt template placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}.
-        max_new_tokens : str, Optional
-            the max number of new tokens LLM should generate. 
+        max_new_tokens : int, Optional
+            the max number of new tokens LLM should generate.
         document_key : str, Optional
-            specify the key in text_content where document text is. 
+            specify the key in text_content where document text is.
             If text_content is str, this parameter will be ignored.
         temperature : float, Optional
             the temperature for token sampling.
         concurrent_batch_size : int, Optional
-            the number of sentences to process in concurrent.
+            the batch size for concurrent processing.
         return_messages_log : bool, Optional
-            if True, a list of messages will be returned.
+            if True, a list of messages will be returned, including review steps.
 
-        Return : str
-            the output from LLM. Need post-processing.
+        Return : List[FrameExtractionUnitResult]
+            the output from LLM for each unit after review. Contains the start, end, text, and generated text.
         """
-        # Check if self.inference_engine.chat_async() is implemented
-        if not hasattr(self.inference_engine, 'chat_async'):
-            raise NotImplementedError(f"{self.inference_engine.__class__.__name__} does not have chat_async() method.")
-        
-        # define output
-        output = []
-        # sentence tokenization
         if isinstance(text_content, str):
-            sentences = self._get_sentences(text_content)
+            doc_text = text_content
         elif isinstance(text_content, dict):
             if document_key is None:
                 raise ValueError("document_key must be provided when text_content is dict.")
-            sentences = self._get_sentences(text_content[document_key])
+            if document_key not in text_content:
+                 raise ValueError(f"document_key '{document_key}' not found in text_content dictionary.")
+            doc_text = text_content[document_key]
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("text_content must be a string or a dictionary.")
 
-        if return_messages_log:
-            messages_log = []
+        units = self.unit_chunker.chunk(doc_text)
 
-        # generate initial outputs sentence by sentence
-        for i in range(0, len(sentences), concurrent_batch_size):
-            messages_list = []
-            init_tasks = []
-            review_tasks = []
-            batch = sentences[i:i + concurrent_batch_size]
-            for j, sent in enumerate(batch):
-                # construct chat messages
-                messages = []
-                if self.system_prompt:
-                    messages.append({'role': 'system', 'content': self.system_prompt})
+        # context chunker init
+        self.context_chunker.fit(doc_text, units)
 
-                context = self._get_context_sentences(text_content, i + j, sentences, document_key)
-                
-                if self.context_sentences == 0:
-                    # no context, just place sentence of interest
-                    if isinstance(text_content, str):
-                        messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(sent['sentence_text'])})
-                    else:
-                        sentence_content = text_content.copy()
-                        sentence_content[document_key] = sent['sentence_text']
-                        messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(sentence_content)})
+        # <--- Initial generation step --->
+        initial_tasks_input = []
+        for i, unit in enumerate(units):
+            # construct chat messages for initial generation
+            messages = []
+            if self.system_prompt:
+                messages.append({'role': 'system', 'content': self.system_prompt})
+
+            context = self.context_chunker.chunk(unit)
+
+            if context == "":
+                 # no context, just place unit in user prompt
+                if isinstance(text_content, str):
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(unit.text)})
                 else:
-                    # insert context
-                    if isinstance(text_content, str):
-                        messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context)})
-                    else:
-                        context_content = text_content.copy()
-                        context_content[document_key] = context
-                        messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context_content)})
-                    # simulate conversation
-                    messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'Sure, please provide the sentence of interest.'})
-                    # place sentence of interest
-                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': sent['sentence_text']})
-
-                messages_list.append(messages)
-
-                task = asyncio.create_task(
-                    self.inference_engine.chat_async(
-                                messages=messages, 
-                                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
-                                temperature=temperature,
-                                **kwrs
-                            )
+                    unit_content = text_content.copy()
+                    unit_content[document_key] = unit.text
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(unit_content)})
+            else:
+                # insert context to user prompt
+                if isinstance(text_content, str):
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context)})
+                else:
+                    context_content = text_content.copy()
+                    context_content[document_key] = context
+                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context_content)})
+                # simulate conversation where assistant confirms
+                messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'Sure, please provide the unit text (e.g., sentence, line, chunk) of interest.'})
+                # place unit of interest
+                messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': unit.text})
+
+            # Store unit and messages together for the initial task
+            initial_tasks_input.append({"unit": unit, "messages": messages, "original_index": i})
+
+        semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(concurrent_batch_size)
+
+        async def initial_semaphore_helper(task_data: Dict, max_new_tokens: int, temperature: float, **kwrs):
+            unit = task_data["unit"]
+            messages = task_data["messages"]
+            original_index = task_data["original_index"]
+
+            async with semaphore:
+                gen_text = await self.inference_engine.chat_async(
+                    messages=messages,
+                    max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens,
+                    temperature=temperature,
+                    **kwrs
                 )
-                init_tasks.append(task)
-
-            # Wait until the batch is done, collect results and move on to next batch
-            init_responses = await asyncio.gather(*init_tasks)
-            # Collect initials
-            initials = []
-            for gen_text, sent, messages in zip(init_responses, batch, messages_list):
-                initials.append({'sentence_start': sent['start'],
-                                'sentence_end': sent['end'],
-                                'sentence_text': sent['sentence_text'],
-                                'gen_text': gen_text,
-                                'messages': messages})
-
-            # Review
-            for init in initials:
-                messages = init["messages"]
-                initial = init["gen_text"]
-                messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': initial})
-                messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self.review_prompt})
-                task = asyncio.create_task(
-                                self.inference_engine.chat_async(
-                                messages=messages, 
-                                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
-                                temperature=temperature,
-                                **kwrs
-                                )
-                            )
-                review_tasks.append(task) 
-            
-            review_responses = await asyncio.gather(*review_tasks)
-
-            # Collect reviews
-            reviews = []
-            for gen_text, sent in zip(review_responses, batch):
-                reviews.append({'sentence_start': sent['start'],
-                                'sentence_end': sent['end'],
-                                'sentence_text': sent['sentence_text'],
-                                'gen_text': gen_text})
-
-            for init, rev in zip(initials, reviews):
-                if self.review_mode == "revision":
-                    gen_text = rev['gen_text']
-                elif self.review_mode == "addition":
-                    gen_text = init['gen_text'] + '\n' + rev['gen_text']
+            # Return initial generation result along with the messages used and the unit
+            return {"original_index": original_index, "unit": unit, "initial_gen_text": gen_text, "initial_messages": messages}
+
+        # Create and gather initial generation tasks
+        initial_tasks = [
+            asyncio.create_task(initial_semaphore_helper(
+                task_inp,
+                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens,
+                temperature=temperature,
+                **kwrs
+            ))
+            for task_inp in initial_tasks_input
+        ]
+
+        initial_results_raw = await asyncio.gather(*initial_tasks)
+
+        # Sort initial results back into original order
+        initial_results_raw.sort(key=lambda x: x["original_index"])
+
+        # <--- Review step --->
+        review_tasks_input = []
+        for result_data in initial_results_raw:
+            # Prepare messages for the review step
+            initial_messages = result_data["initial_messages"]
+            initial_gen_text = result_data["initial_gen_text"]
+            review_messages = initial_messages + [
+                {'role': 'assistant', 'content': initial_gen_text},
+                {'role': 'user', 'content': self.review_prompt}
+            ]
+            # Store data needed for review task
+            review_tasks_input.append({
+                "unit": result_data["unit"],
+                "initial_gen_text": initial_gen_text,
+                "messages": review_messages, 
+                "original_index": result_data["original_index"],
+                "full_initial_log": initial_messages + [{'role': 'assistant', 'content': initial_gen_text}] if return_messages_log else None # Log up to initial generation
+            })
+
+
+        async def review_semaphore_helper(task_data: Dict, max_new_tokens: int, temperature: float, **kwrs):
+            messages = task_data["messages"] 
+            original_index = task_data["original_index"]
+
+            async with semaphore:
+                review_gen_text = await self.inference_engine.chat_async(
+                    messages=messages,
+                    max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens,
+                    temperature=temperature,
+                    **kwrs
+                )
+            # Combine initial and review results
+            task_data["review_gen_text"] = review_gen_text
+            if return_messages_log:
+                # Log for the review call itself
+                 task_data["full_review_log"] = messages + [{'role': 'assistant', 'content': review_gen_text}]
+            return task_data # Return the augmented dictionary
+
+        # Create and gather review tasks
+        review_tasks = [
+             asyncio.create_task(review_semaphore_helper(
+                task_inp,
+                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens,
+                temperature=temperature,
+                **kwrs
+            ))
+           for task_inp in review_tasks_input
+        ]
+
+        final_results_raw = await asyncio.gather(*review_tasks)
+
+        # Sort final results back into original order (although gather might preserve order for tasks added sequentially)
+        final_results_raw.sort(key=lambda x: x["original_index"])
+
+        # <--- Process final results --->
+        output: List[FrameExtractionUnitResult] = []
+        messages_log: Optional[List[List[Dict[str, str]]]] = [] if return_messages_log else None
+
+        for result_data in final_results_raw:
+            unit = result_data["unit"]
+            initial_gen = result_data["initial_gen_text"]
+            review_gen = result_data["review_gen_text"]
+
+            # Combine based on review mode
+            if self.review_mode == "revision":
+                final_gen_text = review_gen
+            elif self.review_mode == "addition":
+                final_gen_text = initial_gen + '\n' + review_gen
+            else: # Should not happen due to init check
+                final_gen_text = review_gen # Default to revision if mode is somehow invalid
+
+            # Create final result object
+            result = FrameExtractionUnitResult(
+                start=unit.start,
+                end=unit.end,
+                text=unit.text,
+                gen_text=final_gen_text # Use the combined/reviewed text
+            )
+            output.append(result)
+
+            # Append full conversation log if requested
+            if return_messages_log:
+                full_log_for_unit = result_data.get("full_initial_log", []) + [{'role': 'user', 'content': self.review_prompt}] + [{'role': 'assistant', 'content': review_gen}]
+                messages_log.append(full_log_for_unit)
 
-                if return_messages_log:
-                    messages = init["messages"]
-                    messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": rev['gen_text']})
-                    messages_log.append(messages)
+        if return_messages_log:
+            return output, messages_log
+        else:
+            return output
+
+
+class BasicFrameExtractor(DirectFrameExtractor):
+    def __init__(self, inference_engine:InferenceEngine, prompt_template:str, system_prompt:str=None, **kwrs):
+        """
+        This class diretly prompt LLM for frame extraction.
+        Input system prompt (optional), prompt template (with instruction, few-shot examples), 
+        and specify a LLM.
 
-                # add to output
-                output.append({'sentence_start': init['sentence_start'],
-                                'sentence_end': init['sentence_end'],
-                                'sentence_text': init['sentence_text'],
-                                'gen_text': gen_text})
+        Parameters:
+        ----------
+        inference_engine : InferenceEngine
+            the LLM inferencing engine object. Must implements the chat() method.
+        prompt_template : str
+            prompt template with "{{<placeholder name>}}" placeholder.
+        system_prompt : str, Optional
+            system prompt.
+        """
+        super().__init__(inference_engine=inference_engine, 
+                         unit_chunker=WholeDocumentUnitChunker(),
+                         prompt_template=prompt_template, 
+                         system_prompt=system_prompt, 
+                         context_chunker=NoContextChunker(),
+                         **kwrs)
         
-        if return_messages_log:    
-            return output, messages_log
-        return output
+class BasicReviewFrameExtractor(ReviewFrameExtractor):
+    def __init__(self, inference_engine:InferenceEngine, prompt_template:str, review_mode:str, review_prompt:str=None, system_prompt:str=None, **kwrs):
+        """
+        This class add a review step after the BasicFrameExtractor.
+        The Review process asks LLM to review its output and:
+            1. add more frames while keep current. This is efficient for boosting recall. 
+            2. or, regenerate frames (add new and delete existing). 
+        Use the review_mode parameter to specify. Note that the review_prompt should instruct LLM accordingly.
+
+        Parameters:
+        ----------
+        inference_engine : InferenceEngine
+            the LLM inferencing engine object. Must implements the chat() method.
+        prompt_template : str
+            prompt template with "{{<placeholder name>}}" placeholder.
+        review_prompt : str: Optional
+            the prompt text that ask LLM to review. Specify addition or revision in the instruction.
+            if not provided, a default review prompt will be used. 
+        review_mode : str
+            review mode. Must be one of {"addition", "revision"}
+            addition mode only ask LLM to add new frames, while revision mode ask LLM to regenerate.
+        system_prompt : str, Optional
+            system prompt.
+        """
+        super().__init__(inference_engine=inference_engine, 
+                         unit_chunker=WholeDocumentUnitChunker(),
+                         prompt_template=prompt_template, 
+                         review_mode=review_mode,
+                         review_prompt=review_prompt,
+                         system_prompt=system_prompt, 
+                         context_chunker=NoContextChunker(),
+                         **kwrs)
         
 
-class SentenceCoTFrameExtractor(SentenceFrameExtractor):
-    from nltk.tokenize.punkt import PunktSentenceTokenizer
-    def __init__(self, inference_engine:InferenceEngine, prompt_template:str, system_prompt:str=None, 
+class SentenceFrameExtractor(DirectFrameExtractor):
+    def __init__(self, inference_engine:InferenceEngine, prompt_template:str, system_prompt:str=None,
                  context_sentences:Union[str, int]="all", **kwrs):
         """
-        This class performs sentence-based Chain-of-thoughts (CoT) information extraction.
-        A simulated chat follows this process:
+        This class performs sentence-by-sentence information extraction.
+        The process is as follows:
             1. system prompt (optional)
-            2. user instructions (schema, background, full text, few-shot example...)
-            3. user input first sentence
-            4. assistant analyze the sentence
-            5. assistant extract outputs
-            6. repeat #3, #4, #5
+            2. user prompt with instructions (schema, background, full text, few-shot example...)
+            3. feed a sentence (start with first sentence)
+            4. LLM extract entities and attributes from the sentence
+            5. iterate to the next sentence and repeat steps 3-4 until all sentences are processed.
 
         Input system prompt (optional), prompt template (with user instructions), 
         and specify a LLM.
 
-        Parameters
+        Parameters:
         ----------
         inference_engine : InferenceEngine
             the LLM inferencing engine object. Must implements the chat() method.
@@ -1354,104 +1492,77 @@ class SentenceCoTFrameExtractor(SentenceFrameExtractor):
             if > 0, the number of sentences before and after the given sentence to provide as context.
                 This is good for tasks that require context beyond the given sentence. 
         """
-        super().__init__(inference_engine=inference_engine, prompt_template=prompt_template, 
-                         system_prompt=system_prompt, context_sentences=context_sentences, **kwrs)
+        if not isinstance(context_sentences, int) and context_sentences != "all":
+            raise ValueError('context_sentences must be an integer (>= 0) or "all".')
+        
+        if isinstance(context_sentences, int) and context_sentences < 0:
+            raise ValueError("context_sentences must be a positive integer.")
+            
+        if isinstance(context_sentences, int):
+            context_chunker = SlideWindowContextChunker(window_size=context_sentences)
+        elif context_sentences == "all":
+            context_chunker = WholeDocumentContextChunker()
+
+        super().__init__(inference_engine=inference_engine, 
+                         unit_chunker=SentenceUnitChunker(),
+                         prompt_template=prompt_template, 
+                         system_prompt=system_prompt, 
+                         context_chunker=context_chunker,
+                         **kwrs)
         
 
-    def extract(self, text_content:Union[str, Dict[str,str]], max_new_tokens:int=512, 
-                document_key:str=None, temperature:float=0.0, stream:bool=False, return_messages_log:bool=False, **kwrs) -> List[Dict[str,str]]:
+class SentenceReviewFrameExtractor(ReviewFrameExtractor):
+    def __init__(self, inference_engine:InferenceEngine, prompt_template:str,  
+                 review_mode:str, review_prompt:str=None, system_prompt:str=None,
+                 context_sentences:Union[str, int]="all", **kwrs):
         """
-        This method inputs a text and outputs a list of outputs per sentence. 
+        This class adds a review step after the SentenceFrameExtractor.
+        For each sentence, the review process asks LLM to review its output and:
+            1. add more frames while keeping current. This is efficient for boosting recall. 
+            2. or, regenerate frames (add new and delete existing). 
+        Use the review_mode parameter to specify. Note that the review_prompt should instruct LLM accordingly.
 
         Parameters:
         ----------
-        text_content : Union[str, Dict[str,str]]
-            the input text content to put in prompt template. 
-            If str, the prompt template must has only 1 placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}, regardless of placeholder name.
-            If dict, all the keys must be included in the prompt template placeholder {{<placeholder name>}}.
-        max_new_tokens : str, Optional
-            the max number of new tokens LLM should generate. 
-        document_key : str, Optional
-            specify the key in text_content where document text is. 
-            If text_content is str, this parameter will be ignored.
-        temperature : float, Optional
-            the temperature for token sampling.
-        stream : bool, Optional
-            if True, LLM generated text will be printed in terminal in real-time. 
-        return_messages_log : bool, Optional
-            if True, a list of messages will be returned.
-
-        Return : str
-            the output from LLM. Need post-processing.
+        inference_engine : InferenceEngine
+            the LLM inferencing engine object. Must implements the chat() method.
+        prompt_template : str
+            prompt template with "{{<placeholder name>}}" placeholder.
+        review_prompt : str: Optional
+            the prompt text that ask LLM to review. Specify addition or revision in the instruction.
+            if not provided, a default review prompt will be used. 
+        review_mode : str
+            review mode. Must be one of {"addition", "revision"}
+            addition mode only ask LLM to add new frames, while revision mode ask LLM to regenerate.
+        system_prompt : str, Optional
+            system prompt.
+        context_sentences : Union[str, int], Optional
+            number of sentences before and after the given sentence to provide additional context. 
+            if "all", the full text will be provided in the prompt as context. 
+            if 0, no additional context will be provided.
+                This is good for tasks that does not require context beyond the given sentence. 
+            if > 0, the number of sentences before and after the given sentence to provide as context.
+                This is good for tasks that require context beyond the given sentence. 
         """
-        # define output
-        output = []
-        # sentence tokenization
-        if isinstance(text_content, str):
-            sentences = self._get_sentences(text_content)
-        elif isinstance(text_content, dict):
-            sentences = self._get_sentences(text_content[document_key])
-
-        if return_messages_log:
-            messages_log = []
-
-        # generate sentence by sentence
-        for i, sent in enumerate(sentences):
-            # construct chat messages
-            messages = []
-            if self.system_prompt:
-                messages.append({'role': 'system', 'content': self.system_prompt})
-
-            context = self._get_context_sentences(text_content, i, sentences, document_key)
-            
-            if self.context_sentences == 0:
-                # no context, just place sentence of interest
-                if isinstance(text_content, str):
-                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(sent['sentence_text'])})
-                else:
-                    sentence_content = text_content.copy()
-                    sentence_content[document_key] = sent['sentence_text']
-                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(sentence_content)})
-            else:
-                # insert context
-                if isinstance(text_content, str):
-                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context)})
-                else:
-                    context_content = text_content.copy()
-                    context_content[document_key] = context
-                    messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': self._get_user_prompt(context_content)})
-                # simulate conversation
-                messages.append({'role': 'assistant', 'content': 'Sure, please provide the sentence of interest.'})
-                # place sentence of interest
-                messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': sent['sentence_text']})
-
-            if stream:
-                print(f"\n\n{Fore.GREEN}Sentence: {Style.RESET_ALL}\n{sent['sentence_text']}\n")
-                if isinstance(self.context_sentences, int) and self.context_sentences > 0:
-                    print(f"{Fore.YELLOW}Context:{Style.RESET_ALL}\n{context}\n")
-                print(f"{Fore.BLUE}CoT:{Style.RESET_ALL}")
-
-            gen_text = self.inference_engine.chat(
-                            messages=messages, 
-                            max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens, 
-                            temperature=temperature,
-                            stream=stream,
-                            **kwrs
-                        )
-
-            if return_messages_log:
-                messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": gen_text})
-                messages_log.append(messages)
-
-            # add to output
-            output.append({'sentence_start': sent['start'],
-                            'sentence_end': sent['end'],
-                            'sentence_text': sent['sentence_text'],
-                            'gen_text': gen_text})
+        if not isinstance(context_sentences, int) and context_sentences != "all":
+            raise ValueError('context_sentences must be an integer (>= 0) or "all".')
         
-        if return_messages_log:    
-            return output, messages_log
-        return output
+        if isinstance(context_sentences, int) and context_sentences < 0:
+            raise ValueError("context_sentences must be a positive integer.")
+        
+        if isinstance(context_sentences, int):
+            context_chunker = SlideWindowContextChunker(window_size=context_sentences)
+        elif context_sentences == "all":
+            context_chunker = WholeDocumentContextChunker()
+
+        super().__init__(inference_engine=inference_engine, 
+                         unit_chunker=SentenceUnitChunker(),
+                         prompt_template=prompt_template,
+                         review_mode=review_mode,
+                         review_prompt=review_prompt, 
+                         system_prompt=system_prompt, 
+                         context_chunker=context_chunker,
+                         **kwrs)
     
 
 class RelationExtractor(Extractor):