linkml 1.9.0rc1__py3-none-any.whl → 1.9.1__py3-none-any.whl

linkml/linter/config/datamodel/config.yaml

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ classes:
       configured by a configuration file. 
     attributes:
       no_empty_title:
-        range: RuleConfig
+        range: NoEmptyTitleConfig
         description: >-
           Disallow empty titles on schema elements. Autofix will transform the element's
           name into a title.
@@ -141,8 +141,14 @@ classes:
         multivalued: true
         description: >-
           Default: []
-          All elements except the ones with names specified in this list will be checked 
-        
+          All elements except the ones with names specified in this list will be checked
+      exclude_type:
+        range: MetamodelElementTypeEnum
+        multivalued: true
+        description: >-
+          Default: []
+          Elements of all types (ClassDefinition, SlotDefinition, EnumDefinition, PermissibleValue, etc.) except the types specified in this list will be checked
+
   StandardNamingConfig:
     description: >-
       Additional configuration options for the `standard_naming` rule
@@ -153,6 +159,24 @@ classes:
         description: >-
           Default: false
           If true, permissible values will be checked for snake_case, otherwise UPPER_SNAKE
+      exclude_type:
+        range: MetamodelElementTypeEnum
+        multivalued: true
+        description: >-
+          Default: []
+          Elements of all types (ClassDefinition, SlotDefinition, EnumDefinition, PermissibleValue, etc.) except the types specified in this list will be checked
+      class_pattern:
+        range: string
+        required: false
+        description: >
+          If specified, permissible format pattern for classes can be provided either as one of the following:
+          snake, uppersnake, camel, uppercamel, kebab or as regular expression (e.g. "[a-z][_a-z0-9]+" for snake case)
+      slot_pattern:
+        range: string
+        required: false
+        description: >
+          If specified, permissible format pattern for slots can be provided either as one of the following:
+          snake, uppersnake, camel, uppercamel, kebab or as regular expression (e.g. "[a-z][_a-z0-9]+" for snake case)
 
   CanonicalPrefixesConfig:
     description: >-
@@ -168,6 +192,18 @@ classes:
           validation. The order of names is meaningful and will be preserved. See:  
           https://github.com/linkml/prefixmaps#usage
 
+  NoEmptyTitleConfig:
+    description: >-
+      Additional configuration options for the no_empty_title rule
+    is_a: RuleConfig
+    attributes:
+      exclude_type:
+        range: MetamodelElementTypeEnum
+        multivalued: true
+        description: >-
+          Default: []
+          Elements of all types (ClassDefinition, SlotDefinition, EnumDefinition, PermissibleValue, etc.) except the types specified in this list will be checked 
+
 enums:
   ExtendableConfigs:
     description: The permissible values for the `extends` field of a config file
@@ -184,3 +220,15 @@ enums:
         description: A violation of a rule at this level is a minor issue that should be fixed
       error:
         description: A violation of a rule at this level is a major issue that must be fixed
+  MetamodelElementTypeEnum:
+    description: >-
+      The permissible values for the exclude_type slot
+    permissible_values:
+      class_definition:
+        meaning: linkml:ClassDefinition
+      enum_definition:
+        meaning: linkml:EnumDefinition
+      permissible_value:
+        meaning: linkml:PermissibleValue
+      slot_definition:
+        meaning: linkml:SlotDefinition

linkml/linter/config/default.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 rules:
   no_empty_title:
     level: disabled
+    exclude_type: []
   permissible_values_format:
     level: disabled
     format: uppersnake
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ rules:
     level: disabled
     include: []
     exclude: []
+    exclude_type: []
   no_xsd_int_type:
     level: disabled
   no_invalid_slot_usage:
@@ -19,6 +21,7 @@ rules:
   standard_naming:
     level: disabled
     permissible_values_upper_case: false
+    exclude_type: []
   canonical_prefixes:
     level: disabled
     prefixmaps_contexts:

linkml/linter/formatters/markdown_formatter.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import IO, Any, List, Optional
+from typing import IO, Any, Optional
 
 from linkml.linter.config.datamodel.config import RuleLevel
 from linkml.linter.linter import LinterProblem
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class MarkdownFormatter(Formatter):
                 self.write(f"### {name}")
                 self.write_schema_problems(problems)
 
-    def write_schema_problems(self, problems: List[LinterProblem]):
+    def write_schema_problems(self, problems: list[LinterProblem]):
         errors = [p for p in problems if str(p.level) == RuleLevel.error.text]
         warnings = [p for p in problems if str(p.level) == RuleLevel.warning.text]
         if errors:

linkml/linter/linter.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import inspect
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from copy import deepcopy
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from functools import lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, Union
+from typing import Any, Union
 
 import jsonschema
 import yaml
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ class LinterProblem:
 
 
 @lru_cache
-def get_named_config(name: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+def get_named_config(name: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     config_path = str(Path(__file__).parent / f"config/{name}.yaml")
     with open(config_path) as config_file:
         return yaml.safe_load(config_file)
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ def _format_path(path):
 
 
 class Linter:
-    def __init__(self, config: Dict[str, Any] = {}) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, config: dict[str, Any] = {}) -> None:
         default_config = deepcopy(get_named_config("default"))
         merged_config = config
         if config.get("extends") == ExtendableConfigs.recommended.text:

linkml/linter/rules.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import re
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from functools import lru_cache
-from typing import Callable, Iterable, List
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from functools import cache
+from typing import Callable
 
 from linkml_runtime.linkml_model import ClassDefinition, ClassDefinitionName, Element, SlotDefinition
 from linkml_runtime.utils.schemaview import SchemaView
@@ -55,8 +56,14 @@ class LinterRule(ABC):
 class NoEmptyTitleRule(LinterRule):
     id = "no_empty_title"
 
+    # todo PVs are not checked for titles yet
+
     def check(self, schema_view: SchemaView, fix: bool = False) -> Iterable[LinterProblem]:
+        excluded_types = [t.text if hasattr(t, "text") else str(t) for t in getattr(self.config, "exclude_type", [])]
         for e in schema_view.all_elements(imports=False).values():
+            element_type_name = type(e).class_name
+            if element_type_name in excluded_types:
+                continue
             if fix and e.title is None:
                 title = e.name.replace("_", " ")
                 title = self.uncamel(title).lower()
@@ -89,8 +96,8 @@ class PermissibleValuesFormatRule(LinterRule):
                     yield LinterProblem(f"{self.format_element(enum_def)} has permissible value '{value}'")
 
 
-@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-def _get_recommended_metamodel_slots() -> List[str]:
+@cache
+def _get_recommended_metamodel_slots() -> list[str]:
     meta_schema_view = SchemaView(LOCAL_METAMODEL_YAML_FILE)
     recommended_meta_slots = []
     for class_name in meta_schema_view.all_classes(imports=False).keys():
@@ -104,16 +111,22 @@ def _get_recommended_metamodel_slots() -> List[str]:
 class RecommendedRule(LinterRule):
     id = "recommended"
 
+    # todo PVs are not checked for recommended fields yet
+
     def __init__(self, config: RecommendedRuleConfig) -> None:
         self.config = config
 
     def check(self, schema_view: SchemaView, fix: bool = False):
         recommended_meta_slots = _get_recommended_metamodel_slots()
+        excluded_types = [t.text if hasattr(t, "text") else str(t) for t in getattr(self.config, "exclude_type", [])]
         for element_name, element_definition in schema_view.all_elements(imports=False).items():
+            element_type_name = type(element_definition).class_name
             if self.config.include and element_name not in self.config.include:
                 continue
             if element_name in self.config.exclude:
                 continue
+            if element_type_name in excluded_types:
+                continue
             for meta_slot_name, meta_slot_value in vars(element_definition).items():
                 key = f"{element_definition.class_name}__{meta_slot_name}"
                 if key in recommended_meta_slots and not meta_slot_value:
@@ -153,7 +166,7 @@ class TreeRootClassRule(LinterRule):
         must_have_identifier=False,
         slot_name_func: Callable = None,
         convert_camel_case=False,
-    ) -> List[SlotDefinition]:
+    ) -> list[SlotDefinition]:
         """
         Adds index slots to a container pointing at all top-level classes
 
@@ -216,6 +229,7 @@ class StandardNamingRule(LinterRule):
         self.config = config
 
     def check(self, schema_view: SchemaView, fix: bool = False) -> Iterable[LinterProblem]:
+        excluded_types = [t.text if hasattr(t, "text") else str(t) for t in getattr(self.config, "exclude_type", [])]
         class_pattern = (
             self.PATTERNS["uppercamel"]
             if not self.config.class_pattern
@@ -232,24 +246,29 @@ class StandardNamingRule(LinterRule):
             self.PATTERNS["uppersnake"] if self.config.permissible_values_upper_case else self.PATTERNS["snake"]
         )
 
-        for class_name in schema_view.all_classes(imports=False).keys():
-            if class_pattern.fullmatch(class_name) is None:
-                yield LinterProblem(f"Class has name '{class_name}'")
+        if "class_definition" not in excluded_types:
+            for class_name in schema_view.all_classes(imports=False).keys():
+                if class_pattern.fullmatch(class_name) is None:
+                    yield LinterProblem(f"Class has name '{class_name}'")
 
-        for slot_name in schema_view.all_slots(imports=False).keys():
-            if slot_pattern.fullmatch(slot_name) is None:
-                yield LinterProblem(f"Slot has name '{slot_name}'")
+        if "slot_definition" not in excluded_types:
+            for slot_name in schema_view.all_slots(imports=False).keys():
+                if slot_pattern.fullmatch(slot_name) is None:
+                    yield LinterProblem(f"Slot has name '{slot_name}'")
 
         for enum_name, enum_definition in schema_view.all_enums(imports=False).items():
-            if enum_pattern.fullmatch(enum_name) is None:
-                yield LinterProblem(f"Enum has name '{enum_name}'")
 
-            for permissible_value_name in enum_definition.permissible_values.keys():
-                if permissible_value_pattern.fullmatch(permissible_value_name) is None:
-                    yield LinterProblem(
-                        f"Permissible value of {self.format_element(enum_definition)} "
-                        f"has name '{permissible_value_name}'"
-                    )
+            if "enum_definition" not in excluded_types:
+                if enum_pattern.fullmatch(enum_name) is None:
+                    yield LinterProblem(f"Enum has name '{enum_name}'")
+
+            if "permissible_value" not in excluded_types:
+                for permissible_value_name in enum_definition.permissible_values.keys():
+                    if permissible_value_pattern.fullmatch(permissible_value_name) is None:
+                        yield LinterProblem(
+                            f"Permissible value of {self.format_element(enum_definition)} "
+                            f"has name '{permissible_value_name}'"
+                        )
 
 
 class CanonicalPrefixesRule(LinterRule):

linkml/reporting/model.py

@@ -6,14 +6,12 @@
 # description: A datamodel for reports on data
 # license: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
 
-import dataclasses
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any, ClassVar, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Optional, Union
 
 from jsonasobj2 import as_dict
 from linkml_runtime.linkml_model.meta import EnumDefinition, PermissibleValue
 from linkml_runtime.utils.curienamespace import CurieNamespace
-from linkml_runtime.utils.dataclass_extensions_376 import dataclasses_init_fn_with_kwargs
 from linkml_runtime.utils.enumerations import EnumDefinitionImpl
 from linkml_runtime.utils.metamodelcore import NodeIdentifier, URIorCURIE, empty_list
 from linkml_runtime.utils.slot import Slot
@@ -22,8 +20,6 @@ from rdflib import URIRef
 
 metamodel_version = "1.7.0"
 
-# Overwrite dataclasses _init_fn to add **kwargs in __init__
-dataclasses._init_fn = dataclasses_init_fn_with_kwargs
 
 # Namespaces
 LINKML = CurieNamespace("linkml", "https://w3id.org/linkml/")
@@ -49,16 +45,16 @@ class Report(YAMLRoot):
     A report object
     """
 
-    _inherited_slots: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
+    _inherited_slots: ClassVar[list[str]] = []
 
     class_class_uri: ClassVar[URIRef] = REPORTING.Report
     class_class_curie: ClassVar[str] = "reporting:Report"
     class_name: ClassVar[str] = "report"
     class_model_uri: ClassVar[URIRef] = REPORTING.Report
 
-    results: Optional[Union[Union[dict, "CheckResult"], List[Union[dict, "CheckResult"]]]] = empty_list()
+    results: Optional[Union[Union[dict, "CheckResult"], list[Union[dict, "CheckResult"]]]] = empty_list()
 
-    def __post_init__(self, *_: List[str], **kwargs: Dict[str, Any]):
+    def __post_init__(self, *_: list[str], **kwargs: dict[str, Any]):
         if not isinstance(self.results, list):
             self.results = [self.results] if self.results is not None else []
         self.results = [v if isinstance(v, CheckResult) else CheckResult(**as_dict(v)) for v in self.results]
@@ -72,7 +68,7 @@ class CheckResult(YAMLRoot):
     An individual check
     """
 
-    _inherited_slots: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
+    _inherited_slots: ClassVar[list[str]] = []
 
     class_class_uri: ClassVar[URIRef] = REPORTING.CheckResult
     class_class_curie: ClassVar[str] = "reporting:CheckResult"
@@ -88,7 +84,7 @@ class CheckResult(YAMLRoot):
     source: Optional[Union[str, NodeIdentifier]] = None
     info: Optional[str] = None
 
-    def __post_init__(self, *_: List[str], **kwargs: Dict[str, Any]):
+    def __post_init__(self, *_: list[str], **kwargs: dict[str, Any]):
         if self.type is not None and not isinstance(self.type, URIorCURIE):
             self.type = URIorCURIE(self.type)
 
@@ -117,7 +113,7 @@ class CheckResult(YAMLRoot):
 
 
 class Problem(CheckResult):
-    _inherited_slots: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
+    _inherited_slots: ClassVar[list[str]] = []
 
     class_class_uri: ClassVar[URIRef] = REPORTING.Problem
     class_class_curie: ClassVar[str] = "reporting:Problem"
@@ -130,7 +126,7 @@ class ProblemSlotUndeclared(Problem):
     A problem in which an undeclared slot is used
     """
 
-    _inherited_slots: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
+    _inherited_slots: ClassVar[list[str]] = []
 
     class_class_uri: ClassVar[URIRef] = REPORTING.ProblemSlotUndeclared
     class_class_curie: ClassVar[str] = "reporting:ProblemSlotUndeclared"
@@ -143,7 +139,7 @@ class ProblemSlotInapplicable(Problem):
     A problem in which a slot is used in an instance of a class where the slot is not applicable for that class
     """
 
-    _inherited_slots: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
+    _inherited_slots: ClassVar[list[str]] = []
 
     class_class_uri: ClassVar[URIRef] = REPORTING.ProblemSlotInapplicable
     class_class_curie: ClassVar[str] = "reporting:ProblemSlotInapplicable"
@@ -156,7 +152,7 @@ class ProblemSlotMissing(Problem):
     A problem in which an instance of a class has a required slot which is not filled in
     """
 
-    _inherited_slots: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
+    _inherited_slots: ClassVar[list[str]] = []
 
     class_class_uri: ClassVar[URIRef] = REPORTING.ProblemSlotMissing
     class_class_curie: ClassVar[str] = "reporting:ProblemSlotMissing"
@@ -268,5 +264,5 @@ slots.report__results = Slot(
     curie=REPORTING.curie("results"),
     model_uri=REPORTING.report__results,
     domain=None,
-    range=Optional[Union[Union[dict, CheckResult], List[Union[dict, CheckResult]]]],
+    range=Optional[Union[Union[dict, CheckResult], list[Union[dict, CheckResult]]]],
 )

linkml/transformers/logical_model_transformer.py

@@ -57,9 +57,10 @@ See logictools.py for the symbolic reasoning engine.
 """
 
 import logging
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from copy import deepcopy
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Union
 
 from linkml_runtime import SchemaView
 from linkml_runtime.dumpers import json_dumper
@@ -340,7 +341,7 @@ class LogicalModelTransformer(ModelTransformer):
     a lack of range assignment.
     """
 
-    reason_over_metamodel_slots: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    reason_over_metamodel_slots: Optional[list[str]] = None
     """
     If set, only reason over the specified metamodel slots.
     """
@@ -407,10 +408,10 @@ class LogicalModelTransformer(ModelTransformer):
         self,
         target_schema: SchemaDefinition,
         target_class_name: ClassDefinitionName,
-        ancestors: List[ClassDefinitionName],
+        ancestors: list[ClassDefinitionName],
     ):
         anc_classes = [self.schemaview.get_class(ancestor) for ancestor in ancestors]
-        attributes: Dict[SlotDefinitionName, SlotDefinition] = {}
+        attributes: dict[SlotDefinitionName, SlotDefinition] = {}
         for ancestor_class in anc_classes:
             top_level_slots = [(s, target_schema.slots[s]) for s in ancestor_class.slots]
             for slot_name, slot_expr in (
@@ -543,7 +544,7 @@ class LogicalModelTransformer(ModelTransformer):
         elif isinstance(expr, logictools.Not):
             self._simplify_member_ofs(expr.operand)
 
-    def _remove_redundant(self, elements: List[str]) -> List[str]:
+    def _remove_redundant(self, elements: list[str]) -> list[str]:
         sv = self.schemaview
         redundant = set()
         if not self.preserve_class_mixins:
@@ -568,7 +569,7 @@ class LogicalModelTransformer(ModelTransformer):
                 logger.warning(f"Unknown class {x} in {elements}")
         return [x for x in elements if x not in redundant]
 
-    def _type_descendants(self, type_name: str, imports=True, reflexive=True, depth_first=True) -> List[str]:
+    def _type_descendants(self, type_name: str, imports=True, reflexive=True, depth_first=True) -> list[str]:
         # TODO: move this to schemaview
         sv = self.schemaview
         from linkml_runtime.utils.schemaview import _closure
@@ -584,7 +585,7 @@ class LogicalModelTransformer(ModelTransformer):
             depth_first=depth_first,
         )
 
-    def _enum_descendants(self, enum_name: str, imports=True, reflexive=True, depth_first=True) -> List[str]:
+    def _enum_descendants(self, enum_name: str, imports=True, reflexive=True, depth_first=True) -> list[str]:
         # TODO: move this to schemaview
         sv = self.schemaview
         from linkml_runtime.utils.schemaview import _closure
@@ -754,7 +755,7 @@ class LogicalModelTransformer(ModelTransformer):
         self,
         attribute: Union[SlotDefinition, AnonymousSlotExpression],
         root_slot: SlotDefinition = None,
-        stack: List = None,
+        stack: list = None,
     ) -> str:
         # Note: in future versions of the metamodel, multivalued may move to the expression
         if stack is None:

linkml/transformers/relmodel_transformer.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 from copy import copy
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from linkml_runtime.linkml_model import (
     Annotation,
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class MultivaluedScalar(RelationalMapping):
     mapping_type: str = "MultivaluedScalar"
 
 
-def add_attribute(attributes: Dict[str, SlotDefinition], tgt_slot: SlotDefinition) -> None:
+def add_attribute(attributes: dict[str, SlotDefinition], tgt_slot: SlotDefinition) -> None:
     attributes[tgt_slot.name] = tgt_slot
 
 
@@ -114,11 +114,11 @@ def add_annotation(element: Definition, tag: str, value: str) -> None:
     element.annotations[ann.tag] = ann
 
 
-def get_primary_key_attributes(cls: ClassDefinition) -> List[SlotDefinitionName]:
+def get_primary_key_attributes(cls: ClassDefinition) -> list[SlotDefinitionName]:
     return [a.name for a in cls.attributes.values() if RelationalAnnotations.PRIMARY_KEY in a.annotations]
 
 
-def get_foreign_key_map(cls: ClassDefinition) -> Dict[SlotDefinitionName, str]:
+def get_foreign_key_map(cls: ClassDefinition) -> dict[SlotDefinitionName, str]:
     return {
         a.name: a.annotations[RelationalAnnotations.FOREIGN_KEY].value
         for a in cls.attributes.values()
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class TransformationResult:
     """
 
     schema: SchemaDefinition
-    mappings: List[RelationalMapping]
+    mappings: list[RelationalMapping]
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ class RelationalModelTransformer:
                 return a
         return None
 
-    def get_reference_map(self) -> List[Link]:
+    def get_reference_map(self) -> list[Link]:
         """
         Extract all class-slot-range references
 

linkml/transformers/schema_renamer.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from copy import deepcopy
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Type
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 import click
 from jsonasobj2 import as_dict
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class SchemaRenamer:
     Renames schema elements
     """
 
-    rename_function_map: Dict[Type, Callable] = field(default_factory=lambda: {})
+    rename_function_map: dict[type, Callable] = field(default_factory=lambda: {})
     schema: SchemaDefinition = None
 
     def rename_elements(self, schema: SchemaDefinition) -> SchemaDefinition:

linkml/utils/converter.py

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ def cli(
         prefix_path = pathlib.Path(prefix_file).resolve()
         if not prefix_path.exists():
             raise Exception(f"Path {prefix_file} to prefix map does not exists.")
-        with open(prefix_path, "r") as prefix_stream:
+        with open(prefix_path) as prefix_stream:
             raw_prefix_map = yaml.safe_load(prefix_stream)
         prefix_file_map = raw_prefix_map.get("prefixes", None)
         if prefix_file_map is None:

linkml/utils/deprecation.py

@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ DEPRECATIONS = (
     Deprecation(
         name="pydanticgen-v1",
         deprecated_in=SemVer.from_str("1.7.5"),
-        removed_in=SemVer.from_str("1.8.0"),
+        removed_in=SemVer.from_str("1.10.0"),
         message="Support for generating Pydantic v1.*.* models with pydanticgen is deprecated",
         recommendation="Migrate any existing models to Pydantic v2",
         issue=1925,
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ DEPRECATIONS = (
     Deprecation(
         name="pydantic-v1",
         deprecated_in=SemVer.from_str("1.7.5"),
-        removed_in=SemVer.from_str("1.9.0"),
+        removed_in=SemVer.from_str("1.10.0"),
         message=(
             "LinkML will set a dependency of pydantic>=2 and become incompatible "
             "with packages with pydantic<2 as a runtime dependency"
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ DEPRECATIONS = (
     Deprecation(
         name="validators",
         deprecated_in=SemVer.from_str("1.8.6"),
-        removed_in=SemVer.from_str("1.9.0"),
+        removed_in=SemVer.from_str("1.10.0"),
         message=(
             "linkml.validators and linkml.utils.validation are the older versions "
             "of linkml.validator and have unmaintained, duplicated functionality"

linkml/utils/execute_tutorial.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path, PurePath
-from typing import List
 
 import click
 
@@ -26,8 +25,8 @@ class Block:
     output: str = None
     error: str = None
     expected_fail: bool = None
-    prior_lines: List[str] = None
-    annotations: List[str] = None
+    prior_lines: list[str] = None
+    annotations: list[str] = None
 
     def is_file_block(self) -> bool:
         return self.title and "." in self.title
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ class Block:
         return self.category == "bash"
 
 
-def execute_blocks(directory: str, blocks: List[Block]) -> List[str]:
+def execute_blocks(directory: str, blocks: list[Block]) -> list[str]:
     """
     Execute the code blocks embedded in a tutorial
 
@@ -117,12 +116,12 @@ def execute_blocks(directory: str, blocks: List[Block]) -> List[str]:
     return errs
 
 
-def write_lines(lines: List[str]) -> None:
+def write_lines(lines: list[str]) -> None:
     for line in lines:
         print(f"+++ {line}")
 
 
-def parse_file_to_blocks(input) -> List[Block]:
+def parse_file_to_blocks(input) -> list[Block]:
     """
     Parses a markdown tutorial file to code blacks to be executed