lets-plot 4.8.1rc1__cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.whl

lets_plot/plot/scale_position.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1342 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2019. JetBrains s.r.o.
+# Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+#
+from .scale import _scale
+from .util import as_boolean
+
+#
+# Position Scales
+#
+
+__all__ = ['scale_x_discrete', 'scale_y_discrete',
+           'scale_x_discrete_reversed', 'scale_y_discrete_reversed',
+           'scale_x_continuous', 'scale_y_continuous',
+           'scale_x_log10', 'scale_y_log10',
+           'scale_x_log2', 'scale_y_log2',
+           'scale_x_reverse', 'scale_y_reverse',
+           'scale_x_datetime', 'scale_y_datetime',
+           'scale_x_time', 'scale_y_time',
+           ]
+
+
+#
+# Continuous Scales
+#
+
+def scale_x_continuous(name=None, *,
+                       breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                       limits=None,
+                       expand=None,
+                       na_value=None,
+                       trans=None,
+                       format=None,
+                       position=None
+                       ):
+    """
+    Continuous position scale x.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0.05, additive = 0.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    trans : {'identity', 'log10', 'log2', 'symlog', 'sqrt', 'reverse'}
+        Name of built-in transformation.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '.2f' -> '12.45'
+        - 'Num {}' -> 'Num 12.456789'
+        - 'TTL: {.2f}$' -> 'TTL: 12.45$'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 7-8
+
+        import numpy as np
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        x = np.random.randint(-10, 10, size=100)
+        ggplot({'x': x}, aes(x='x')) + geom_bar(stat='bin', bins=8) + \\
+            scale_x_continuous(name='observations', breaks=[-9, -3, 3, 9], \\
+                               limits=[-8, 11], expand=[.2], format='.1f')
+
+    """
+    return _scale('x',
+                  name=name,
+                  breaks=breaks,
+                  labels=labels,
+                  lablim=lablim,
+                  limits=limits,
+                  expand=expand,
+                  na_value=na_value,
+                  trans=trans,
+                  guide=None,
+                  format=format,
+                  position=position,
+                  )
+
+
+def scale_y_continuous(name=None, *,
+                       breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                       limits=None,
+                       expand=None,
+                       na_value=None,
+                       trans=None,
+                       format=None,
+                       position=None
+                       ):
+    """
+    Continuous position scale y.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0.05, additive = 0.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    trans : {'identity', 'log10', 'log2', 'symlog', 'sqrt', 'reverse'}
+        Name of built-in transformation.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '.2f' -> '12.45'
+        - 'Num {}' -> 'Num 12.456789'
+        - 'TTL: {.2f}$' -> 'TTL: 12.45$'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 7-8
+
+        import numpy as np
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        x = np.random.randint(-10, 10, size=1000)
+        ggplot({'x': x}, aes(x='x')) + geom_bar(stat='bin', bins=4) + \\
+            scale_y_continuous(name='hundreds', breaks=[100, 200, 300, 400], \\
+                               labels=['one', 'two', 'three', 'four'])
+
+    """
+    return _scale('y',
+                  name=name,
+                  breaks=breaks,
+                  labels=labels,
+                  lablim=lablim,
+                  limits=limits,
+                  expand=expand,
+                  na_value=na_value,
+                  trans=trans,
+                  guide=None,
+                  format=format,
+                  position=position,
+                  )
+
+
+def scale_x_log10(name=None, *,
+                  breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                  limits=None,
+                  expand=None,
+                  na_value=None,
+                  format=None,
+                  position=None
+                  ):
+    """
+    Continuous position scale x where trans='log10'.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0.05, additive = 0.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '.2f' -> '12.45'
+        - 'Num {}' -> 'Num 12.456789'
+        - 'TTL: {.2f}$' -> 'TTL: 12.45$'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 6
+
+        import numpy as np
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        x = np.power(10, np.random.randint(9, size=100))
+        ggplot({'x': x}, aes(x='x')) + geom_bar() + scale_x_log10()
+
+    """
+    return scale_x_continuous(name,
+                              breaks=breaks,
+                              labels=labels,
+                              lablim=lablim,
+                              limits=limits,
+                              expand=expand,
+                              na_value=na_value,
+                              trans='log10',
+                              format=format,
+                              position=position,
+                              )
+
+
+def scale_y_log10(name=None, *,
+                  breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                  limits=None,
+                  expand=None,
+                  na_value=None,
+                  format=None,
+                  position=None
+                  ):
+    """
+    Continuous position scales y where trans='log10'.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0.05, additive = 0.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '.2f' -> '12.45'
+        - 'Num {}' -> 'Num 12.456789'
+        - 'TTL: {.2f}$' -> 'TTL: 12.45$'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 6
+
+        import numpy as np
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        x = np.random.poisson(size=100)
+        ggplot({'x': x}, aes(x='x')) + geom_histogram() + scale_y_log10()
+
+    """
+    return scale_y_continuous(name,
+                              breaks=breaks,
+                              labels=labels,
+                              lablim=lablim,
+                              limits=limits,
+                              expand=expand,
+                              na_value=na_value,
+                              trans='log10',
+                              format=format,
+                              position=position,
+                              )
+
+
+def scale_x_log2(name=None, *,
+                 breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                 limits=None,
+                 expand=None,
+                 na_value=None,
+                 format=None,
+                 position=None
+                 ):
+    """
+    Continuous position scale x where trans='log2'.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0.05, additive = 0.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '.2f' -> '12.45'
+        - 'Num {}' -> 'Num 12.456789'
+        - 'TTL: {.2f}$' -> 'TTL: 12.45$'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 6
+
+        import numpy as np
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        x = np.power(2, np.random.randint(9, size=100))
+        ggplot({'x': x}, aes(x='x')) + geom_bar() + scale_x_log2()
+
+    """
+    return scale_x_continuous(name,
+                              breaks=breaks,
+                              labels=labels,
+                              lablim=lablim,
+                              limits=limits,
+                              expand=expand,
+                              na_value=na_value,
+                              trans='log2',
+                              format=format,
+                              position=position,
+                              )
+
+
+def scale_y_log2(name=None, *,
+                 breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                 limits=None,
+                 expand=None,
+                 na_value=None,
+                 format=None,
+                 position=None
+                 ):
+    """
+    Continuous position scales y where trans='log2'.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0.05, additive = 0.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '.2f' -> '12.45'
+        - 'Num {}' -> 'Num 12.456789'
+        - 'TTL: {.2f}$' -> 'TTL: 12.45$'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 6
+
+        import numpy as np
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        x = np.random.poisson(size=100)
+        ggplot({'x': x}, aes(x='x')) + geom_histogram() + scale_y_log2()
+
+    """
+    return scale_y_continuous(name,
+                              breaks=breaks,
+                              labels=labels,
+                              lablim=lablim,
+                              limits=limits,
+                              expand=expand,
+                              na_value=na_value,
+                              trans='log2',
+                              format=format,
+                              position=position,
+                              )
+
+
+def scale_x_reverse(name=None, *,
+                    breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                    limits=None,
+                    expand=None,
+                    na_value=None,
+                    format=None,
+                    position=None
+                    ):
+    """
+    Continuous position scale x where trans='reverse'.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0.05, additive = 0.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '.2f' -> '12.45'
+        - 'Num {}' -> 'Num 12.456789'
+        - 'TTL: {.2f}$' -> 'TTL: 12.45$'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 5
+
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        x = list(range(10))
+        ggplot({'x': x, 'y': x}, aes('x', 'y')) + \\
+            geom_point() + scale_x_reverse()
+
+    """
+
+    return scale_x_continuous(name,
+                              breaks=breaks,
+                              labels=labels,
+                              lablim=lablim,
+                              limits=limits,
+                              expand=expand,
+                              na_value=na_value,
+                              trans='reverse',
+                              format=format,
+                              position=position,
+                              )
+
+
+def scale_y_reverse(name=None, *,
+                    breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                    limits=None,
+                    expand=None,
+                    na_value=None,
+                    format=None,
+                    position=None
+                    ):
+    """
+    Continuous position scale y where trans='reverse'.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0.05, additive = 0.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '.2f' -> '12.45'
+        - 'Num {}' -> 'Num 12.456789'
+        - 'TTL: {.2f}$' -> 'TTL: 12.45$'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 5
+
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        x = list(range(10))
+        ggplot({'x': x, 'y': x}, aes('x', 'y')) + \\
+            geom_point() + scale_y_reverse(limits=[2, 6])
+
+    """
+
+    return scale_y_continuous(name,
+                              breaks=breaks,
+                              labels=labels,
+                              lablim=lablim,
+                              limits=limits,
+                              expand=expand,
+                              na_value=na_value,
+                              trans='reverse',
+                              format=format,
+                              position=position,
+                              )
+
+
+#
+# Discrete Scales
+#
+
+def scale_x_discrete(name=None, *,
+                     breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                     limits=None,
+                     expand=None,
+                     na_value=None,
+                     reverse=None,
+                     format=None,
+                     position=None
+                     ):
+    """
+    Discrete position scale x.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A vector specifying the data range for the scale and the default order of their display in guides.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0, additive = 0.2.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    reverse : bool
+        When True the scale is reversed.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '.2f' -> '12.45'
+        - 'Num {}' -> 'Num 12.456789'
+        - 'TTL: {.2f}$' -> 'TTL: 12.45$'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 7
+
+        import numpy as np
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        np.random.seed(43)
+        scores = {'rating': np.random.randint(3, 6, size=10)}
+        ggplot(scores, aes(x=as_discrete('rating'))) + geom_bar() + \\
+            scale_x_discrete(name='rating', format='.1f')
+
+    """
+
+    reverse = as_boolean(reverse, default=False)
+    return _scale('x',
+                  name=name,
+                  breaks=breaks,
+                  labels=labels,
+                  lablim=lablim,
+                  limits=limits,
+                  expand=expand,
+                  na_value=na_value,
+                  trans=None,
+                  guide=None,
+                  format=format,
+                  position=position,
+                  #
+                  discrete=True,
+                  reverse=reverse
+                  )
+
+
+def scale_x_discrete_reversed(name=None, *,
+                              breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                              limits=None,
+                              expand=None,
+                              na_value=None,
+                              format=None,
+                              position=None
+                              ):
+    """
+    Reversed discrete position scale x.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A vector specifying the data range for the scale and the default order of their display in guides.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0, additive = 0.2.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '.2f' -> '12.45'
+        - 'Num {}' -> 'Num 12.456789'
+        - 'TTL: {.2f}$' -> 'TTL: 12.45$'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 8
+
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        data = {
+            'time': ['Lunch', 'Dinner', 'Night'],
+            'bill': [15.5, 18.13, 30],
+        }
+        ggplot(data, aes('time', 'bill')) + geom_bar(stat='identity') + \\
+            scale_x_discrete_reversed()
+
+    """
+
+    return scale_x_discrete(name,
+                            breaks=breaks,
+                            labels=labels,
+                            lablim=lablim,
+                            limits=limits,
+                            expand=expand,
+                            na_value=na_value,
+                            format=format,
+                            position=position,
+                            #
+                            reverse=True,
+                            )
+
+
+def scale_y_discrete(name=None, *,
+                     breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                     limits=None,
+                     expand=None,
+                     na_value=None,
+                     reverse=None,
+                     format=None,
+                     position=None,
+                     ):
+    """
+    Discrete position scale y.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A vector specifying the data range for the scale and the default order of their display in guides.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0, additive = 0.2.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    reverse : bool
+        When True the scale is reversed.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '.2f' -> '12.45'
+        - 'Num {}' -> 'Num 12.456789'
+        - 'TTL: {.2f}$' -> 'TTL: 12.45$'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 8
+
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        data = {
+            'time': ['Breakfast', 'Lunch', 'Dinner', 'Night'],
+            'bill': [3.25, 15.5, 18.3, 30],
+        }
+        ggplot(data, aes('bill', 'time')) + geom_point(size=5) + \\
+            scale_y_discrete(limits=['Lunch', 'Dinner', 'Night'])
+
+    """
+    reverse = as_boolean(reverse, default=False)
+    return _scale('y',
+                  name=name,
+                  breaks=breaks,
+                  labels=labels,
+                  lablim=lablim,
+                  limits=limits,
+                  expand=expand,
+                  na_value=na_value,
+                  trans=None,
+                  guide=None,
+                  format=format,
+                  position=position,
+                  #
+                  discrete=True,
+                  reverse=reverse
+                  )
+
+
+def scale_y_discrete_reversed(name=None, *,
+                              breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                              limits=None,
+                              expand=None,
+                              na_value=None,
+                              format=None,
+                              position=None
+                              ):
+    """
+    Reversed discrete position scale y.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A vector specifying the data range for the scale and the default order of their display in guides.
+    expand : list of two numbers
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0, additive = 0.2.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '.2f' -> '12.45'
+        - 'Num {}' -> 'Num 12.456789'
+        - 'TTL: {.2f}$' -> 'TTL: 12.45$'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 8
+
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        data = {
+            'time': ['Breakfast', 'Lunch', 'Dinner', 'Night'],
+            'bill': [3.25, 15.5, 18.3, 30],
+        }
+        ggplot(data, aes('bill', 'time')) + geom_line() + \\
+            scale_y_discrete_reversed()
+
+    """
+
+    return scale_y_discrete(name,
+                            breaks=breaks,
+                            labels=labels,
+                            lablim=lablim,
+                            limits=limits,
+                            expand=expand,
+                            na_value=na_value,
+                            format=format,
+                            position=position,
+                            #
+                            reverse=True,
+                            )
+
+
+#
+# Date-time
+#
+
+
+def scale_x_datetime(name=None, *,
+                     breaks=None,
+                     labels=None,
+                     lablim=None,
+                     limits=None,
+                     expand=None,
+                     na_value=None,
+                     format=None,
+                     position=None
+                     ):
+    """
+    Position scale for the x-axis with date/time data.
+    The input is expected to be either a series of integers representing milliseconds since the Unix epoch, or Python datetime objects.
+    Assumes UTC timezone if no timezone information is present in the data (naive datetime).
+    For timezone-aware datetime objects, the timezone information from the data is preserved.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A vector of length two providing limits of the scale.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0.05, additive = 0.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '%d.%m.%y' -> '06.08.19'
+        - '%B %Y' -> 'August 2019'
+        - '%a, %e %b %Y %H:%M:%S' -> 'Tue, 6 Aug 2019 04:46:35'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 12
+
+        import datetime as dt
+        import numpy as np
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        n = 31
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        d = [dt.datetime(2021, 1, 1) + dt.timedelta(days=d)
+             for d in range(n)]
+        t = np.random.normal(loc=-5, scale=6, size=n)
+        ggplot({'d': d, 't': t}, aes('d', 't')) + \\
+            geom_histogram(aes(fill='t'), stat='identity', color='black') + \\
+            scale_x_datetime() + \\
+            scale_fill_gradient2(low='#2c7bb6', high='#d7191c')
+
+    """
+    return _scale('x',
+                  name=name,
+                  breaks=breaks,
+                  labels=labels,
+                  lablim=lablim,
+                  limits=limits,
+                  expand=expand,
+                  na_value=na_value,
+                  trans=None,
+                  guide=None,
+                  format=format,
+                  position=position,
+                  #
+                  datetime=True)
+
+
+def scale_y_datetime(name=None, *,
+                     breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                     limits=None,
+                     expand=None,
+                     na_value=None,
+                     format=None,
+                     position=None
+                     ):
+    """
+    Position scale for the y-axis with date/time data.
+    The input is expected to be either a series of integers representing milliseconds since the Unix epoch, or Python datetime objects.
+    Assumes UTC timezone if no timezone information is present in the data (naive datetime).
+    For timezone-aware datetime objects, the timezone information from the data is preserved.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A vector of length two providing limits of the scale.
+    expand : list of two numbers
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0.05, additive = 0.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    format : str
+        Define the format for labels on the scale. The syntax resembles Python's:
+
+        - '%d.%m.%y' -> '06.08.19'
+        - '%B %Y' -> 'August 2019'
+        - '%a, %e %b %Y %H:%M:%S' -> 'Tue, 6 Aug 2019 04:46:35'
+
+        For more info see `Formatting <https://lets-plot.org/python/pages/formats.html>`__.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 13
+
+        import datetime as dt
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        n = 12
+        rcount = lambda m: 1 if m < 2 else rcount(m - 1) + rcount(m - 2)
+        data = {
+            'date': [dt.datetime(2020, m, 1) for m in range(1, n + 1)],
+            'rabbits count': [rcount(m) for m in range(1, n + 1)],
+        }
+        ggplot(data) + \\
+            geom_segment(aes(x=[0] * n, y='date', xend='rabbits count', yend='date'), size=3, \\
+                         tooltips=layer_tooltips().line('@|@{rabbits count}')) + \\
+            scale_y_datetime(format='%b') + \\
+            xlab('rabbits count')
+
+    """
+    return _scale('y',
+                  name=name,
+                  breaks=breaks,
+                  labels=labels,
+                  lablim=lablim,
+                  limits=limits,
+                  expand=expand,
+                  na_value=na_value,
+                  trans=None,
+                  guide=None,
+                  format=format,
+                  position=position,
+                  #
+                  datetime=True)
+
+
+def scale_x_time(name=None, *,
+                 breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                 limits=None,
+                 expand=None,
+                 na_value=None,
+                 # format=None,
+                 position=None
+                 ):
+    """
+    Position scale x for data representing "time delta" values expressed in milliseconds.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0.05, additive = 0.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 13
+
+        import datetime as dt
+        import numpy as np
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        n = 31
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        data = {
+            'time': [dt.timedelta(days=v).total_seconds() * 1000 for v in range(n)],
+            'value': np.random.normal(loc=-5, scale=6, size=n)
+        }
+        ggplot(data) + \\
+            geom_line(aes('time', 'value')) + \\
+            scale_x_time()
+
+    """
+    return _scale('x',
+                  name=name,
+                  breaks=breaks,
+                  labels=labels,
+                  lablim=lablim,
+                  limits=limits,
+                  expand=expand,
+                  na_value=na_value,
+                  trans=None,
+                  guide=None,
+                  # format=format,
+                  position=position,
+                  #
+                  time=True)
+
+
+def scale_y_time(name=None, *,
+                 breaks=None, labels=None, lablim=None,
+                 limits=None,
+                 expand=None,
+                 na_value=None,
+                 # format=None,
+                 position=None
+                 ):
+    """
+    Position scale y for data representing "time delta" values expressed in milliseconds.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        The name of the scale - used as the axis label or the legend title.
+        If None, the default, the name of the scale
+        is taken from the first mapping used for that aesthetic.
+    breaks : list or dict
+        A list of data values specifying the positions of ticks, or a dictionary which maps the tick labels to the breaks values.
+    labels : list of str or dict
+        A list of labels on ticks, or a dictionary which maps the breaks values to the tick labels.
+    lablim : int, default=None
+        The maximum label length (in characters) before trimming is applied.
+    limits : list
+        A numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale.
+    expand : list
+        A numeric vector of length two giving multiplicative and additive expansion constants.
+        The vector size == 1 => only multiplicative expand (and additive expand by default).
+        Defaults: multiplicative = 0.05, additive = 0.
+    na_value
+        Missing values will be replaced with this value.
+    position : str
+        The position of the axis:
+
+        - 'left', 'right' or 'both' for y-axis;
+        - 'top', 'bottom' or 'both' for x-axis.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FeatureSpec``
+        Scale specification.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    .. jupyter-execute::
+        :linenos:
+        :emphasize-lines: 13
+
+        import datetime as dt
+        import numpy as np
+        from lets_plot import *
+        LetsPlot.setup_html()
+        n = 31
+        np.random.seed(42)
+        data = {
+            'time': [dt.timedelta(days=v).total_seconds() * 1000 for v in range(n)],
+            'value': np.random.normal(loc=-5, scale=6, size=n)
+        }
+        ggplot(data) + \\
+            geom_line(aes('value', 'time')) + \\
+            scale_y_time()
+
+    """
+    return _scale('y',
+                  name=name,
+                  breaks=breaks,
+                  labels=labels,
+                  lablim=lablim,
+                  limits=limits,
+                  expand=expand,
+                  na_value=na_value,
+                  trans=None,
+                  guide=None,
+                  # format=format,
+                  position=position,
+                  #
+                  time=True)