kailash 0.1.4__py3-none-any.whl → 0.2.0__py3-none-any.whl

kailash/access_control.py

@@ -0,0 +1,740 @@
+"""
+Access Control System for Kailash SDK
+
+This module provides fine-grained access control at the workflow and node level,
+enabling permission-based execution paths and data access restrictions.
+
+Key Features:
+- Node-level permissions (execute, read_output, write_input)
+- Workflow-level permissions (view, execute, modify)
+- Permission-based conditional routing
+- Data masking for restricted nodes
+- Audit logging of access attempts
+- Integration with JWT authentication
+
+Design Philosophy:
+- Fail-safe defaults (deny by default)
+- Minimal performance overhead
+- Transparent to existing workflows
+- Flexible permission models
+
+Usage:
+    >>> from kailash.access_control import AccessControlManager, NodePermission, UserContext
+    >>> acm = AccessControlManager()
+    >>> user_context = UserContext(user_id="test", tenant_id="test", email="test@test.com")
+    >>> node_id = "test_node"
+    >>> decision = acm.check_node_access(user_context, node_id, NodePermission.EXECUTE)
+    >>> decision.allowed
+    False
+
+Implementation:
+    Access control is enforced at multiple levels:
+    1. Workflow level - Can user execute/view the workflow?
+    2. Node level - Can user execute specific nodes?
+    3. Data level - Can user see outputs from specific nodes?
+    4. Routing level - Which path should user take based on permissions?
+
+Security Considerations:
+    - Permissions are cached per execution for performance
+    - Access denied by default for unknown users/nodes
+    - All access attempts are logged for audit
+    - Sensitive data is masked, not just hidden
+
+Testing:
+    See tests/test_access_control.py for comprehensive tests
+
+Future Enhancements:
+    - Dynamic permission evaluation based on data
+    - Time-based access restrictions
+    - Delegation and impersonation support
+"""
+
+import logging
+import threading
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Union
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class WorkflowPermission(Enum):
+    """Workflow-level permissions"""
+
+    VIEW = "view"  # Can see workflow exists
+    EXECUTE = "execute"  # Can run workflow
+    MODIFY = "modify"  # Can edit workflow
+    DELETE = "delete"  # Can delete workflow
+    SHARE = "share"  # Can share with others
+    ADMIN = "admin"  # Full control
+
+
+class NodePermission(Enum):
+    """Node-level permissions"""
+
+    EXECUTE = "execute"  # Can execute node
+    READ_OUTPUT = "read_output"  # Can see node outputs
+    WRITE_INPUT = "write_input"  # Can provide inputs
+    SKIP = "skip"  # Node is skipped for user
+    MASK_OUTPUT = "mask_output"  # Output is masked/redacted
+
+
+class PermissionEffect(Enum):
+    """Effect of a permission rule"""
+
+    ALLOW = "allow"
+    DENY = "deny"
+    CONDITIONAL = "conditional"  # Depends on runtime evaluation
+
+
+@dataclass
+class UserContext:
+    """
+    User context for access control decisions.
+
+    Contains all information needed to make access control decisions for a user,
+    including identity, tenant membership, roles, and session information.
+
+    Design Purpose:
+        Provides a standardized way to represent user identity and permissions
+        across the entire access control system. Enables fine-grained access
+        control based on user attributes, roles, and context.
+
+    Upstream Dependencies:
+        - Authentication systems (JWT, API keys)
+        - User management systems
+        - Tenant management systems
+
+    Downstream Consumers:
+        - AccessControlManager for permission checking
+        - AccessControlledRuntime for workflow execution
+        - Audit logging systems for tracking access
+
+    Usage Patterns:
+        - Created during authentication/login process
+        - Passed to all access control functions
+        - Used in workflow and node execution contexts
+        - Logged for audit and compliance purposes
+
+    Implementation Details:
+        Uses dataclass for efficient attribute access and comparison.
+        Immutable once created to prevent privilege escalation.
+        Supports custom attributes for extensible authorization.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> user = UserContext(
+        ...     user_id="user123",
+        ...     tenant_id="tenant001",
+        ...     email="user@example.com",
+        ...     roles=["analyst", "viewer"]
+        ... )
+        >>> print(user.user_id)
+        user123
+    """
+
+    user_id: str
+    tenant_id: str
+    email: str
+    roles: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    permissions: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    attributes: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)  # Custom attributes
+    session_id: Optional[str] = None
+    ip_address: Optional[str] = None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class PermissionRule:
+    """
+    A single permission rule defining access control policies.
+
+    Represents a single access control rule that grants or denies permissions
+    to users for specific resources (workflows or nodes) based on their
+    identity, roles, and contextual conditions.
+
+    Design Purpose:
+        Provides a flexible, declarative way to define access control policies.
+        Supports role-based access control (RBAC), attribute-based access control (ABAC),
+        and conditional permissions based on runtime context.
+
+    Upstream Dependencies:
+        - Administrative interfaces for rule creation
+        - Policy management systems
+        - Configuration files or databases
+
+    Downstream Consumers:
+        - AccessControlManager for rule evaluation
+        - Audit systems for logging policy decisions
+        - Policy analysis tools for rule validation
+
+    Usage Patterns:
+        - Created by administrators to define access policies
+        - Evaluated during workflow and node execution
+        - Cached for performance optimization
+        - Updated when policies change
+
+    Implementation Details:
+        Uses dataclass for efficient serialization and comparison.
+        Supports priority-based rule ordering for conflict resolution.
+        Includes expiration for time-limited permissions.
+        Conditions enable complex policy logic.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> rule = PermissionRule(
+        ...     id="allow_analysts_read",
+        ...     resource_type="node",
+        ...     resource_id="sensitive_data",
+        ...     permission=NodePermission.READ_OUTPUT,
+        ...     effect=PermissionEffect.ALLOW,
+        ...     role="analyst"
+        ... )
+        >>> print(rule.id)
+        allow_analysts_read
+    """
+
+    id: str
+    resource_type: str  # "workflow" or "node"
+    resource_id: str  # workflow_id or node_id
+    permission: Union[WorkflowPermission, NodePermission]
+    effect: PermissionEffect
+
+    # Who does this apply to?
+    user_id: Optional[str] = None  # Specific user
+    role: Optional[str] = None  # Any user with role
+    tenant_id: Optional[str] = None  # All users in tenant
+
+    # Conditions
+    conditions: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+    # Metadata
+    created_at: datetime = field(default_factory=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc))
+    created_by: Optional[str] = None
+    expires_at: Optional[datetime] = None
+    priority: int = 0  # Higher priority rules evaluated first
+
+
+@dataclass
+class AccessDecision:
+    """
+    Result of an access control decision.
+
+    Contains the outcome of evaluating access control rules for a specific
+    user and resource, including whether access is allowed, the reasoning,
+    and any additional actions required (like data masking).
+
+    Design Purpose:
+        Provides a comprehensive result object that captures not just the
+        allow/deny decision, but also the context and reasoning behind it.
+        Enables audit logging, debugging, and conditional execution.
+
+    Upstream Dependencies:
+        - AccessControlManager rule evaluation
+        - Permission rule matching logic
+        - Conditional evaluation systems
+
+    Downstream Consumers:
+        - AccessControlledRuntime for execution decisions
+        - Audit logging systems for compliance
+        - Error handling for access denial messages
+        - Data masking systems for output filtering
+
+    Usage Patterns:
+        - Returned by all access control check methods
+        - Logged for audit and debugging purposes
+        - Used to determine execution flow
+        - Provides user-friendly error messages
+
+    Implementation Details:
+        Immutable after creation to ensure decision integrity.
+        Includes applied rules for transparency and debugging.
+        Supports conditional decisions for complex scenarios.
+        Contains masking information for data protection.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> decision = AccessDecision(
+        ...     allowed=True,
+        ...     reason="User has analyst role",
+        ...     masked_fields=["ssn", "phone"]
+        ... )
+        >>> print(decision.allowed)
+        True
+    """
+
+    allowed: bool
+    reason: str
+    applied_rules: List[PermissionRule] = field(default_factory=list)
+    conditions_met: Dict[str, bool] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    masked_fields: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)  # Fields to mask in output
+    redirect_node: Optional[str] = None  # Alternative node to execute
+
+
+class ConditionEvaluator:
+    """Evaluates conditions for conditional permissions"""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.evaluators: Dict[str, Callable] = {
+            "time_range": self._eval_time_range,
+            "data_contains": self._eval_data_contains,
+            "user_attribute": self._eval_user_attribute,
+            "ip_range": self._eval_ip_range,
+            "custom": self._eval_custom,
+        }
+
+    def evaluate(
+        self, condition_type: str, condition_value: Any, context: Dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Evaluate a condition"""
+        evaluator = self.evaluators.get(condition_type)
+        if not evaluator:
+            logger.warning(f"Unknown condition type: {condition_type}")
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            return evaluator(condition_value, context)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error evaluating condition {condition_type}: {e}")
+            return False
+
+    def _eval_time_range(self, value: Dict[str, str], context: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        """Check if current time is within range"""
+        from datetime import datetime, time
+
+        now = datetime.now().time()
+        start = time.fromisoformat(value.get("start", "00:00"))
+        end = time.fromisoformat(value.get("end", "23:59"))
+        return start <= now <= end
+
+    def _eval_data_contains(
+        self, value: Dict[str, Any], context: Dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Check if data contains specific values"""
+        data = context.get("data", {})
+        field = value.get("field")
+        expected = value.get("value")
+
+        if field and field in data:
+            return data[field] == expected
+        return False
+
+    def _eval_user_attribute(
+        self, value: Dict[str, Any], context: Dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Check user attributes"""
+        user = context.get("user")
+        if not user:
+            return False
+
+        attr_name = value.get("attribute")
+        expected = value.get("value")
+
+        return user.attributes.get(attr_name) == expected
+
+    def _eval_ip_range(self, value: Dict[str, Any], context: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        """Check if IP is in allowed range"""
+        # Simplified IP check - in production use ipaddress module
+        allowed_ips = value.get("allowed", [])
+        user_ip = context.get("user", {}).get("ip_address")
+
+        return user_ip in allowed_ips
+
+    def _eval_custom(self, value: Dict[str, Any], context: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
+        """Evaluate custom condition"""
+        # This would call a custom function registered by the user
+        return True
+
+
+class AccessControlManager:
+    """
+    Main access control manager for the Kailash SDK.
+
+    Centralized manager for evaluating access control policies, managing permission
+    rules, and making authorization decisions for workflows and nodes. Provides
+    caching, audit logging, and conditional permission evaluation.
+
+    Design Purpose:
+        Serves as the single source of truth for access control decisions.
+        Separates policy definition from policy enforcement, enabling
+        flexible and maintainable security policies.
+
+    Upstream Dependencies:
+        - Administrative interfaces for rule management
+        - Configuration systems for policy definition
+        - Authentication systems for user context
+
+    Downstream Consumers:
+        - AccessControlledRuntime for workflow execution
+        - Node execution systems for permission checks
+        - Audit and monitoring systems for compliance
+        - Administrative tools for policy analysis
+
+    Usage Patterns:
+        - Created once per application/service instance
+        - Rules added during startup or configuration
+        - Permission checks made during execution
+        - Cache managed automatically for performance
+
+    Implementation Details:
+        Thread-safe with locking for cache management.
+        Rules evaluated in priority order with fail-safe defaults.
+        Conditional evaluation supports complex policies.
+        Audit logging for all access decisions.
+
+    Error Handling:
+        - Invalid rules are logged and ignored
+        - Missing permissions default to deny
+        - Evaluation errors are logged and treated as deny
+        - Cache errors fall back to direct evaluation
+
+    Side Effects:
+        - Logs audit events for all access decisions
+        - Caches results for performance optimization
+        - May trigger security alerts on repeated denials
+
+    Example:
+        >>> acm = AccessControlManager(enabled=True)
+        >>> rule = PermissionRule(
+        ...     id="allow_admin",
+        ...     resource_type="workflow",
+        ...     resource_id="sensitive_workflow",
+        ...     permission=WorkflowPermission.EXECUTE,
+        ...     effect=PermissionEffect.ALLOW,
+        ...     role="admin"
+        ... )
+        >>> acm.add_rule(rule)
+        >>> user = UserContext(user_id="admin1", tenant_id="test", email="admin@test.com", roles=["admin"])
+        >>> decision = acm.check_workflow_access(user, "sensitive_workflow", WorkflowPermission.EXECUTE)
+        >>> decision.allowed
+        True
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, enabled: bool = False):
+        self.enabled = enabled  # Disabled by default
+        self.rules: List[PermissionRule] = []
+        self.condition_evaluator = ConditionEvaluator()
+        self._cache = {}  # Cache access decisions
+        self._cache_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+        # Audit logger
+        self.audit_logger = logging.getLogger("kailash.access_control.audit")
+
+    def add_rule(self, rule: PermissionRule):
+        """Add a permission rule"""
+        self.rules.append(rule)
+        # Clear cache when rules change
+        with self._cache_lock:
+            self._cache.clear()
+
+    def remove_rule(self, rule_id: str):
+        """Remove a permission rule"""
+        self.rules = [r for r in self.rules if r.id != rule_id]
+        with self._cache_lock:
+            self._cache.clear()
+
+    def check_workflow_access(
+        self, user: UserContext, workflow_id: str, permission: WorkflowPermission
+    ) -> AccessDecision:
+        """Check if user has permission on workflow"""
+        cache_key = f"workflow:{workflow_id}:{user.user_id}:{permission.value}"
+
+        # Check cache
+        with self._cache_lock:
+            if cache_key in self._cache:
+                return self._cache[cache_key]
+
+        # Evaluate rules
+        decision = self._evaluate_rules(user, "workflow", workflow_id, permission, {})
+
+        # Cache decision
+        with self._cache_lock:
+            self._cache[cache_key] = decision
+
+        # Audit log
+        self._audit_log(user, "workflow", workflow_id, permission, decision)
+
+        return decision
+
+    def check_node_access(
+        self,
+        user: UserContext,
+        node_id: str,
+        permission: NodePermission,
+        runtime_context: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+    ) -> AccessDecision:
+        """Check if user has permission on node"""
+        cache_key = f"node:{node_id}:{user.user_id}:{permission.value}"
+
+        # For runtime-dependent permissions, don't use cache
+        if runtime_context and any(
+            r.effect == PermissionEffect.CONDITIONAL
+            for r in self.rules
+            if r.resource_id == node_id
+        ):
+            return self._evaluate_rules(
+                user, "node", node_id, permission, runtime_context or {}
+            )
+
+        # Check cache
+        with self._cache_lock:
+            if cache_key in self._cache:
+                return self._cache[cache_key]
+
+        # Evaluate rules
+        decision = self._evaluate_rules(
+            user, "node", node_id, permission, runtime_context or {}
+        )
+
+        # Cache decision
+        with self._cache_lock:
+            self._cache[cache_key] = decision
+
+        # Audit log
+        self._audit_log(user, "node", node_id, permission, decision)
+
+        return decision
+
+    def get_accessible_nodes(
+        self, user: UserContext, workflow_id: str, permission: NodePermission
+    ) -> Set[str]:
+        """Get all nodes user can access in a workflow"""
+        accessible = set()
+
+        # Get all node rules for this workflow
+        node_rules = [
+            r
+            for r in self.rules
+            if r.resource_type == "node" and r.permission == permission
+        ]
+
+        for rule in node_rules:
+            if self._rule_applies_to_user(rule, user):
+                if rule.effect == PermissionEffect.ALLOW:
+                    accessible.add(rule.resource_id)
+                elif rule.effect == PermissionEffect.DENY:
+                    accessible.discard(rule.resource_id)
+
+        return accessible
+
+    def get_permission_based_route(
+        self,
+        user: UserContext,
+        conditional_node_id: str,
+        true_path_nodes: List[str],
+        false_path_nodes: List[str],
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        """Determine which path user should take based on permissions"""
+        # Check if user has access to nodes in true path
+        true_path_accessible = all(
+            self.check_node_access(user, node_id, NodePermission.EXECUTE).allowed
+            for node_id in true_path_nodes
+        )
+
+        if true_path_accessible:
+            return true_path_nodes
+        else:
+            # Check false path
+            false_path_accessible = all(
+                self.check_node_access(user, node_id, NodePermission.EXECUTE).allowed
+                for node_id in false_path_nodes
+            )
+
+            if false_path_accessible:
+                return false_path_nodes
+            else:
+                # User can't access either path
+                return []
+
+    def mask_node_output(
+        self, user: UserContext, node_id: str, output: Dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Mask sensitive fields in node output"""
+        decision = self.check_node_access(user, node_id, NodePermission.READ_OUTPUT)
+
+        if not decision.allowed:
+            # Completely mask output
+            return {"_masked": True, "reason": "Access denied"}
+
+        if decision.masked_fields:
+            # Mask specific fields
+            masked_output = output.copy()
+            for field in decision.masked_fields:
+                if field in masked_output:
+                    masked_output[field] = "***MASKED***"
+            return masked_output
+
+        return output
+
+    def _evaluate_rules(
+        self,
+        user: UserContext,
+        resource_type: str,
+        resource_id: str,
+        permission: Union[WorkflowPermission, NodePermission],
+        runtime_context: Dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> AccessDecision:
+        """Evaluate all applicable rules"""
+        applicable_rules = []
+
+        # Find applicable rules
+        for rule in sorted(self.rules, key=lambda r: r.priority, reverse=True):
+            if (
+                rule.resource_type == resource_type
+                and rule.resource_id == resource_id
+                and rule.permission == permission
+                and self._rule_applies_to_user(rule, user)
+            ):
+
+                # Check expiration
+                if rule.expires_at and rule.expires_at < datetime.now(timezone.utc):
+                    continue
+
+                applicable_rules.append(rule)
+
+        # Evaluate rules
+        context = {
+            "user": user,
+            "runtime": runtime_context,
+            "timestamp": datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+        }
+
+        final_effect = PermissionEffect.DENY  # Default deny
+        conditions_met = {}
+        masked_fields = []
+
+        for rule in applicable_rules:
+            if rule.effect == PermissionEffect.CONDITIONAL:
+                # Evaluate conditions
+                all_conditions_met = True
+                for cond_type, cond_value in rule.conditions.items():
+                    met = self.condition_evaluator.evaluate(
+                        cond_type, cond_value, context
+                    )
+                    conditions_met[f"{rule.id}:{cond_type}"] = met
+                    if not met:
+                        all_conditions_met = False
+                        break
+
+                if all_conditions_met:
+                    final_effect = PermissionEffect.ALLOW
+                    if "masked_fields" in rule.conditions:
+                        masked_fields.extend(rule.conditions["masked_fields"])
+            else:
+                final_effect = rule.effect
+
+            # Explicit deny takes precedence
+            if final_effect == PermissionEffect.DENY:
+                break
+
+        allowed = final_effect == PermissionEffect.ALLOW
+        reason = f"Permission {permission.value} {'granted' if allowed else 'denied'} for {resource_type} {resource_id}"
+
+        return AccessDecision(
+            allowed=allowed,
+            reason=reason,
+            applied_rules=applicable_rules,
+            conditions_met=conditions_met,
+            masked_fields=masked_fields,
+        )
+
+    def _rule_applies_to_user(self, rule: PermissionRule, user: UserContext) -> bool:
+        """Check if a rule applies to a user"""
+        # Specific user
+        if rule.user_id and rule.user_id == user.user_id:
+            return True
+
+        # Role-based
+        if rule.role and rule.role in user.roles:
+            return True
+
+        # Tenant-based
+        if rule.tenant_id and rule.tenant_id == user.tenant_id:
+            return True
+
+        # No restrictions means it applies to all
+        if not rule.user_id and not rule.role and not rule.tenant_id:
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def _audit_log(
+        self,
+        user: UserContext,
+        resource_type: str,
+        resource_id: str,
+        permission: Union[WorkflowPermission, NodePermission],
+        decision: AccessDecision,
+    ):
+        """Log access attempt for audit"""
+        self.audit_logger.info(
+            f"Access {'granted' if decision.allowed else 'denied'}: "
+            f"user={user.user_id}, resource={resource_type}:{resource_id}, "
+            f"permission={permission.value}, reason={decision.reason}"
+        )
+
+
+# Global access control manager
+_access_control_manager = AccessControlManager()
+
+
+def get_access_control_manager() -> AccessControlManager:
+    """Get the global access control manager"""
+    return _access_control_manager
+
+
+def set_access_control_manager(manager: AccessControlManager):
+    """Set a custom access control manager"""
+    global _access_control_manager
+    _access_control_manager = manager
+
+
+# Decorators for easy integration
+def require_workflow_permission(permission: WorkflowPermission):
+    """Decorator to require workflow permission"""
+
+    def decorator(func):
+        def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            # Extract user context and workflow ID from self
+            user = getattr(self, "user_context", None)
+            workflow_id = getattr(self, "workflow_id", None)
+
+            if user and workflow_id:
+                acm = get_access_control_manager()
+                decision = acm.check_workflow_access(user, workflow_id, permission)
+
+                if not decision.allowed:
+                    raise PermissionError(f"Access denied: {decision.reason}")
+
+            return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return wrapper
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def require_node_permission(permission: NodePermission):
+    """Decorator to require node permission"""
+
+    def decorator(func):
+        def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            # Extract user context and node ID from self
+            user = getattr(self, "user_context", None)
+            node_id = getattr(self, "node_id", self.__class__.__name__)
+
+            if user:
+                acm = get_access_control_manager()
+                runtime_context = kwargs.get("_runtime_context", {})
+                decision = acm.check_node_access(
+                    user, node_id, permission, runtime_context
+                )
+
+                if not decision.allowed:
+                    if permission == NodePermission.EXECUTE and decision.redirect_node:
+                        # Redirect to alternative node
+                        kwargs["_redirect_to"] = decision.redirect_node
+                    else:
+                        raise PermissionError(f"Access denied: {decision.reason}")
+
+            return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return wrapper
+
+    return decorator