kaggle-environments 1.17.3__py2.py3-none-any.whl → 1.17.5__py2.py3-none-any.whl

kaggle_environments/envs/open_spiel/open_spiel.py

@@ -1,89 +1,129 @@
 """Kaggle environment wrapper for OpenSpiel games."""
 
 import copy
+import importlib
+import logging
 import os
 import pathlib
 import random
+import sys
 from typing import Any, Callable
 
 from kaggle_environments import core
 from kaggle_environments import utils
 import numpy as np
 import pyspiel
-from .games.connect_four import connect_four_proxy
 
+_log = logging.getLogger(__name__) 
+_log.setLevel(logging.INFO) 
+_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout) 
+_formatter = logging.Formatter('[%(name)s] %(levelname)s: %(message)s')
+_handler.setFormatter(_formatter)
+_log.addHandler(_handler)
+
+# --- Import proxy games ---
+_log.debug("Auto-importing OpenSpiel game proxies...")
+GAMES_DIR = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / "games"
+for proxy_file in GAMES_DIR.glob("**/*_proxy.py"):
+  try:
+    relative_path = proxy_file.relative_to(GAMES_DIR.parent)
+    module_path = str(relative_path.with_suffix("")).replace(os.path.sep, ".")
+    importlib.import_module("." + module_path, package=__package__)
+    _log.debug(f"  - Imported: {module_path}")
+  except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+    _log.debug(f"  - FAILED to import proxy from {proxy_file.name}: {e}")
+
+
+# --- Constants ---
 DEFAULT_ACT_TIMEOUT = 5
 DEFAULT_RUN_TIMEOUT = 1200
-DEFAULT_EPISODE_STEP_BUFFER = 100  # To account for timeouts, retrys, etc...
+# Buffer in addition to max game length to account for timeouts, retrys, etc.
+DEFAULT_STEP_BUFFER = 100
+# TODO(jhtschultz): Add individual game descriptions.
+DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION = """
+Kaggle environment wrapper for OpenSpiel games.
+For game implementation details see:
+https://github.com/google-deepmind/open_spiel/tree/master/open_spiel/games
+""".strip()
 
-BASE_SPEC_TEMPLATE = {
-    "name": "PLACEHOLDER_NAME",
-    "title": "PLACEHOLDER_TITLE",
-    "description": "PLACEHOLDER_DESCRIPTION",
-    "version": "0.1.0",
-    "agents": ["PLACEHOLDER_NUM_AGENTS"],
+CONFIGURATION_SPEC_TEMPLATE = {
+    "episodeSteps": -1,
+    "actTimeout": DEFAULT_ACT_TIMEOUT,
+    "runTimeout": DEFAULT_RUN_TIMEOUT,
+    "openSpielGameString": {
+        "description": "The full game string including parameters.",
+        "type": "string",
+        "default": "PLACEHOLDER_GAME_STRING"
+    },
+    "openSpielGameName": {
+        "description": "The short_name of the OpenSpiel game to load.",
+        "type": "string",
+        "default": "PLACEHOLDER_GAME_SHORT_NAME"
+    },
+    "openSpielGameParameters": {
+        "description": "Game parameters for Open Spiel game.",
+        "type": "object",
+        "default": {}
+    },
+}
 
-    "configuration": {
-        "episodeSteps": -1,
-        "actTimeout": DEFAULT_ACT_TIMEOUT,
-        "runTimeout": DEFAULT_RUN_TIMEOUT,
+OBSERVATION_SPEC_TEMPLATE = {
+    "properties": {
         "openSpielGameString": {
-            "description": "The full game string including parameters.",
-            "type": "string",
-            "default": "PLACEHOLDER_GAME_STRING"
+            "description": "Full game string including parameters.",
+            "type": "string"
         },
         "openSpielGameName": {
-            "description": "The short_name of the OpenSpiel game to load.",
-            "type": "string",
-            "default": "PLACEHOLDER_GAME_SHORT_NAME"
+            "description": "Short name of the OpenSpiel game.",
+            "type": "string"
         },
-    },
-    "observation": {
-        "properties": {
-            "openSpielGameString": {
-                "description": "Full game string including parameters.",
-                "type": "string"
-            },
-            "openSpielGameName": {
-                "description": "Short name of the OpenSpiel game.",
-                "type": "string"
-            },
-            "observation_string": {
-                "description": "String representation of state.",
-                "type": "string"
-            },
-            # TODO(jhtschultz): add legal action strings
-            "legal_actions": {
-                "description": "List of OpenSpiel legal actions.",
-                "type": "array",
-                "items": {
-                    "type": "integer"
-                }
-            },
-            "chance_outcome_probs": {
-                "description": "List of probabilities for chance outcomes.",
-                "type": "array",
-                "items": {
-                    "type": "float"
-                }
-            },
-            "current_player": {
-                "description": "ID of player whose turn it is.",
-                "type": "integer"
-            },
-            "is_terminal": {
-                "description": "Boolean indicating game end.",
-                "type": "boolean"
-            },
-            "player_id": {
-                "description": "ID of the agent receiving this observation.",
+        "observation_string": {
+            "description": "String representation of state.",
+            "type": "string"
+        },
+        # TODO(jhtschultz): Use camel case for consistency with spec, or snake
+        # case for consistency with pyspiel?
+        "legal_actions": {
+            "description": "List of OpenSpiel legal action integers.",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
                 "type": "integer"
-            },
-            "remainingOverageTime": 60,
-            "step": 0
+            }
         },
-        "default": {}
+        "legal_action_strings": {
+            "description": "List of OpenSpiel legal actions strings.",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {
+                "type": "string"
+            }
+        },
+        "current_player": {
+            "description": "ID of player whose turn it is.",
+            "type": "integer"
+        },
+        "player_id": {
+            "description": "ID of the agent receiving this observation.",
+            "type": "integer"
+        },
+        "is_terminal": {
+            "description": "Boolean indicating game end.",
+            "type": "boolean"
+        },
+        "remainingOverageTime": 60,
+        "step": 0
     },
+    "default": {}
+}
+
+
+ENV_SPEC_TEMPLATE = {
+    "name": "PLACEHOLDER_NAME",
+    "title": "PLACEHOLDER_TITLE",
+    "description": DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION,
+    "version": "0.1.0",
+    "agents": ["PLACEHOLDER_NUM_AGENTS"],
+    "configuration": CONFIGURATION_SPEC_TEMPLATE,
+    "observation": OBSERVATION_SPEC_TEMPLATE,
     "action": {
         "type": ["integer"],
         "minimum": -1,
@@ -96,130 +136,120 @@ BASE_SPEC_TEMPLATE = {
 }
 
 
-_OS_GLOBAL_GAME = None
-_OS_GLOBAL_STATE = None
-
-
-def _get_open_spiel_game(env_config: utils.Struct) -> pyspiel.Game:
-  global _OS_GLOBAL_GAME
-  game_string = env_config.get("openSpielGameString")
-  if game_string == str(_OS_GLOBAL_GAME):
-    return _OS_GLOBAL_GAME
-  if _OS_GLOBAL_GAME is not None:
-    print(
-      f"WARNING: Overwriting game. Old: {_OS_GLOBAL_GAME}. New {game_string}"
-    )
-  _OS_GLOBAL_GAME = pyspiel.load_game(game_string)
-  return _OS_GLOBAL_GAME
-
+# --- Core step logic ---
 
 def interpreter(
   state: list[utils.Struct],
   env: core.Environment,
 ) -> list[utils.Struct]:
   """Updates environment using player responses and returns new observations."""
-  global _OS_GLOBAL_GAME, _OS_GLOBAL_STATE
-  kaggle_state = state
+  kaggle_state = state  # Not to be confused with OpenSpiel state.
   del state
 
+  # TODO(jhtschultz): Test reset behavior. Currently containers are restarted
+  # after each episode.
   if env.done:
     return kaggle_state
 
-  # --- Get Game Info ---
-  game = _get_open_spiel_game(env.configuration)
-  num_players = game.num_players()
+  # --- Get and maybe initialize game and state on the env object ---
+  if not hasattr(env, 'os_game'):
+    game_string = env.configuration.get("openSpielGameString")
+    env.os_game = pyspiel.load_game(game_string)
+  if not hasattr(env, 'os_state'):
+    env.os_state = env.os_game.new_initial_state()
+  if "state_history" not in env.info:
+    env.info['state_history'] = [str(env.os_state)]
+    env.info['action_history'] = []
+  
+  os_game = env.os_game
+  os_state = env.os_state
+  num_players = os_game.num_players()
   statuses = [
-      kaggle_state[os_current_player].status
-      for os_current_player in range(num_players)
+      kaggle_state[player_id].status for player_id in range(num_players)
   ]
   if not any(status == "ACTIVE" for status in statuses):
     raise ValueError("Environment not done and no active agents.")
 
-  # --- Initialization / Reset ---
-  # TODO(jhtschultz): test this behavior.
+  # TODO(jhtschultz): Test reset behavior.
   is_initial_step = len(env.steps) == 1
-  if _OS_GLOBAL_STATE is None or (not is_initial_step and env.done):
-    _OS_GLOBAL_STATE = game.new_initial_state()
+  if is_initial_step and os_state.is_terminal():
+    env.os_state = os_game.new_initial_state()
+    os_state = env.os_state
 
-  # --- Maybe apply agent action ---
-  os_current_player = _OS_GLOBAL_STATE.current_player()
+  # --- Apply agent action ---
+  acting_agent = os_state.current_player()
+  action_submitted = None
   action_applied = None
   if is_initial_step:
     pass
-  elif 0 <= os_current_player < num_players:
-    if kaggle_state[os_current_player].status != "ACTIVE":
+  elif 0 <= acting_agent < num_players:
+    if kaggle_state[acting_agent].status != "ACTIVE":
       pass
     else:
-      action_submitted = kaggle_state[os_current_player].action
-      legal = _OS_GLOBAL_STATE.legal_actions()
-      if action_submitted in legal:
+      action_submitted = kaggle_state[acting_agent].action
+      if action_submitted in os_state.legal_actions():
         try:
-          _OS_GLOBAL_STATE.apply_action(action_submitted)
+          os_state.apply_action(action_submitted)
           action_applied = action_submitted
-        except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
-          kaggle_state[os_current_player].status = "ERROR"
+          env.info['action_history'].append(str(action_applied))
+          env.info['state_history'].append(str(os_state))
+        except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+          _log.debug(e)
+          kaggle_state[acting_agent].status = "ERROR"
       else:
-        kaggle_state[os_current_player].status = "INVALID"
-  elif os_current_player == pyspiel.PlayerId.SIMULTANEOUS:
+        kaggle_state[acting_agent].status = "INVALID"
+  elif acting_agent == pyspiel.PlayerId.SIMULTANEOUS:
     raise NotImplementedError
-  elif os_current_player == pyspiel.PlayerId.TERMINAL:
+  elif acting_agent == pyspiel.PlayerId.TERMINAL:
     pass
-  elif os_current_player == pyspiel.PlayerId.CHANCE:
+  elif acting_agent == pyspiel.PlayerId.CHANCE:
     raise ValueError("Interpreter should not be called at chance nodes.")
   else:
-    raise ValueError(f"Unknown OpenSpiel player ID: {os_current_player}")
-
-  # --- Update state info ---
-  while _OS_GLOBAL_STATE.is_chance_node():
-    chance_outcomes = _OS_GLOBAL_STATE.chance_outcomes
-    outcomes = _OS_GLOBAL_STATE.chance_outcomes()
-    legal_actions, chance_outcome_probs = zip(*outcomes)
-    action = np.random.choice(legal_actions, p=chance_outcome_probs)
-    _OS_GLOBAL_STATE.apply_action(action)
-  is_terminal = _OS_GLOBAL_STATE.is_terminal()
-  agent_returns = _OS_GLOBAL_STATE.returns() + [None]
-  next_agent = _OS_GLOBAL_STATE.current_player()
-
-  for i, agent_state in enumerate(kaggle_state):
-    input_status = agent_state.status
-    status = ""
+    raise ValueError(f"Unknown OpenSpiel player ID: {acting_agent}")
+
+  # --- Step chance nodes ---
+  while os_state.is_chance_node():
+    outcomes, probs = zip(*os_state.chance_outcomes())
+    chance_action = np.random.choice(outcomes, p=probs)
+    os_state.apply_action(chance_action)
+    env.info['action_history'].append(str(chance_action))
+    env.info['state_history'].append(str(os_state))
+
+  # --- Update agent states ---
+  for player_id, agent_state in enumerate(kaggle_state):
     reward = None
-
-    if input_status in ["TIMEOUT", "ERROR", "INVALID"]:
-      status = input_status
-      reward = None
-    elif is_terminal:
+    if agent_state.status in ["TIMEOUT", "ERROR", "INVALID"]:
+      status = agent_state.status
+    elif os_state.is_terminal():
       status = "DONE"
-      reward = agent_returns[i]
-    elif next_agent == i:
+      reward = os_state.returns()[player_id]
+    elif os_state.current_player() == player_id:
       status = "ACTIVE"
-      reward = agent_returns[i]
+      if not os_state.legal_actions(player_id):
+        raise ValueError(
+          f"Active agent {i} has no legal actions in state {os_state}."
+        )
     else:
       status = "INACTIVE"
-      reward = agent_returns[i]
 
     info_dict = {}
-    # Store the applied action in info for potential debugging/analysis
-    if os_current_player == i and action_applied is not None:
+    if acting_agent == player_id:
+      info_dict["action_submitted"] = action_submitted
       info_dict["action_applied"] = action_applied
 
-    game_type = _OS_GLOBAL_GAME.get_type()
-    obs_str = str(_OS_GLOBAL_STATE)
-    legal_actions = _OS_GLOBAL_STATE.legal_actions(i)
-
-    if status == "ACTIVE" and not legal_actions:
-      raise ValueError(
-        f"Active agent {i} has no legal actions in state {_OS_GLOBAL_STATE}."
-      )
-
-    # Apply updates
     obs_update_dict = {
-      "observation_string": obs_str,
-      "legal_actions": legal_actions,
-      "current_player": next_agent,
-      "is_terminal": is_terminal,
-      "player_id": i,
+      "observation_string": os_state.observation_string(player_id),
+      "legal_actions": os_state.legal_actions(player_id),
+      "legal_action_strings": [
+          os_state.action_to_string(action) for action
+          in os_state.legal_actions(player_id)
+      ],
+      "current_player": os_state.current_player(),
+      "is_terminal": os_state.is_terminal(),
+      "player_id": player_id,
     }
+
+    # Apply updates
     for k, v in obs_update_dict.items():
       setattr(agent_state.observation, k, v)
     agent_state.reward = reward
@@ -229,31 +259,32 @@ def interpreter(
   return kaggle_state
 
 
+# --- Rendering ---
+
 def renderer(state: list[utils.Struct], env: core.Environment) -> str:
-  """Kaggle renderer function."""
-  try:
-    obs_str = state[-1].observation["observation_string"]
-    return obs_str if obs_str else "<Empty observation string>"
-  except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
-    print(f"Error rendering {env.name} at state: {state}.")
-    raise e
+  """Kaggle environment text renderer."""
+  if hasattr(env, 'os_state'):
+    return str(env.os_state)
+  else:
+    return "Game state uninitialized."
 
-# --- HTML Renderer Logic ---
 
+# TODO(jhtschultz): Use custom player.html that replays from env.info instead
+# of player steps. The full game state is stored in env.info, player steps only
+# contain player observations.
 def _default_html_renderer() -> str:
   """Provides the JavaScript string for the default HTML renderer."""
   return """
 function renderer(context) {
     const { parent, environment, step } = context;
-    parent.innerHTML = ''; // Clear previous rendering
+    parent.innerHTML = '';  // Clear previous rendering
 
     const currentStepData = environment.steps[step];
     if (!currentStepData) {
         parent.textContent = "Waiting for step data...";
         return;
     }
-    const numAgents = currentStepData.length;
-    const gameMasterIndex = numAgents - 1;
+    const agentObsIndex = 0
     let obsString = "Observation not available for this step.";
     let title = `Step: ${step}`;
 
@@ -262,16 +293,16 @@ function renderer(context) {
     }
 
     // Try to get obs_string from game_master of current step
-    if (currentStepData[gameMasterIndex] && 
-        currentStepData[gameMasterIndex].observation && 
-        typeof currentStepData[gameMasterIndex].observation.observation_string === 'string') {
-        obsString = currentStepData[gameMasterIndex].observation.observation_string;
+    if (currentStepData[agentObsIndex] && 
+        currentStepData[agentObsIndex].observation && 
+        typeof currentStepData[agentObsIndex].observation.observation_string === 'string') {
+        obsString = currentStepData[agentObsIndex].observation.observation_string;
     } 
     // Fallback to initial step if current is unavailable (e.g. very first render call)
-    else if (step === 0 && environment.steps[0] && environment.steps[0][gameMasterIndex] && 
-             environment.steps[0][gameMasterIndex].observation &&
-             typeof environment.steps[0][gameMasterIndex].observation.observation_string === 'string') {
-        obsString = environment.steps[0][gameMasterIndex].observation.observation_string;
+    else if (step === 0 && environment.steps[0] && environment.steps[0][agentObsIndex] && 
+             environment.steps[0][agentObsIndex].observation &&
+             typeof environment.steps[0][agentObsIndex].observation.observation_string === 'string') {
+        obsString = environment.steps[0][agentObsIndex].observation.observation_string;
     }
 
     const pre = document.createElement("pre");
@@ -293,31 +324,25 @@ def _get_html_renderer_content(
     base_path_for_custom_renderers: pathlib.Path,
     default_renderer_func: Callable[[], str]
 ) -> str:
-  """
-  Tries to load a custom JS renderer for the game.
-  Falls back to the default renderer if not found or on error.
-  """
-  if "proxy" not in open_spiel_short_name:
-    return default_renderer_func()
-  sanitized_game_name = open_spiel_short_name.replace('-', '_').replace('.', '_')
-  sanitized_game_name = sanitized_game_name.removesuffix("_proxy")
-  custom_renderer_js_path = (
-      base_path_for_custom_renderers /
-      sanitized_game_name /
-      f"{sanitized_game_name}.js"
+  """Tries to load a custom JS renderer for the game, falls back to default."""
+  custom_renderer_js_path = pathlib.Path(
+      base_path_for_custom_renderers,
+      open_spiel_short_name,
+      f"{open_spiel_short_name}.js",
   )
   if custom_renderer_js_path.is_file():
     try:
       with open(custom_renderer_js_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
         content = f.read()
-      print(f"INFO: Using custom HTML renderer for {open_spiel_short_name} from {custom_renderer_js_path}")
+      _log.debug(f"Using custom HTML renderer for {open_spiel_short_name} from {custom_renderer_js_path}")
       return content
-    except Exception as e_render:
-      pass
+    except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+      _log.debug(e)
   return default_renderer_func()
 
 
 # --- Agents ---
+
 def random_agent(
   observation: dict[str, Any],
   configuration: dict[str, Any],
@@ -331,86 +356,100 @@ def random_agent(
   return int(action)
 
 
-agents = {
+AGENT_REGISTRY = {
   "random": random_agent,
 }
 
 
-def _register_open_spiel_envs(
-  games_list: list[str] | None = None,
-) -> dict[str, Any]:
-  successfully_loaded_games = []
+# --- Build and register environments --- 
+
+def _build_env(game_string: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+  game = pyspiel.load_game(game_string)
+  short_name = game.get_type().short_name
+
+  proxy_path = GAMES_DIR / short_name / f"{short_name}_proxy.py"
+  if proxy_path.is_file():
+    game = pyspiel.load_game(short_name + "_proxy", game.get_parameters())
+
+  game_type = game.get_type()
+  if not game_type.provides_observation_string:
+    raise ValueError(f"No observation string for game: {game_string}")
+
+  env_spec = copy.deepcopy(ENV_SPEC_TEMPLATE)
+  env_spec["name"] = f"open_spiel_{short_name}"
+  env_spec["title"] = f"Open Spiel: {short_name}"
+  env_spec["agents"] = [game.num_players()]
+
+  env_config = copy.deepcopy(CONFIGURATION_SPEC_TEMPLATE)
+  env_spec["configuration"] = env_config
+  env_config["episodeSteps"] = game.max_history_length() + DEFAULT_STEP_BUFFER
+  env_config["openSpielGameString"]["default"] = str(game)
+  env_config["openSpielGameName"]["default"] = short_name
+
+  env_obs = copy.deepcopy(OBSERVATION_SPEC_TEMPLATE)
+  env_spec["observation"] = env_obs
+  env_obs["properties"]["openSpielGameString"]["default"] = str(game)
+  env_obs["properties"]["openSpielGameName"]["default"] = short_name
+
+  # Building html_renderer_callable is a bit convoluted but other approaches
+  # fail for a variety of reasons. Returning a simple lambda function
+  # doesn't work because of late-binding -- the last env registered will
+  # overwrite all previous renderers.
+  js_string_content = _get_html_renderer_content(
+      open_spiel_short_name=short_name,
+      base_path_for_custom_renderers=GAMES_DIR,
+      default_renderer_func=_default_html_renderer,
+  )
+
+  def create_html_renderer_closure(captured_content):
+      def html_renderer_callable_no_args():
+          return captured_content
+      return html_renderer_callable_no_args
+
+  html_renderer_callable = create_html_renderer_closure(js_string_content)
+
+  return {
+      "specification": env_spec,
+      "interpreter": interpreter,
+      "renderer": renderer,
+      "html_renderer": html_renderer_callable,
+      "agents": AGENT_REGISTRY,
+  }
+
+
+def _register_game_envs(games_list: list[str]) -> dict[str, Any]:
   skipped_games = []
   registered_envs = {}
-  current_file_dir = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
-  custom_renderers_base = current_file_dir / "games"
-  if games_list is None:
-    games_list = pyspiel.registered_names()
-  for short_name in games_list:
+  for game_string in games_list:
     try:
-      game = pyspiel.load_game(short_name)
-      game_type = game.get_type()
-      if not any([
-        game_type.provides_information_state_string,
-        game_type.provides_observation_string,
-      ]):
+      env_config = _build_env(game_string)
+      if env_config is None:
         continue
-      game_spec = copy.deepcopy(BASE_SPEC_TEMPLATE)
-      env_name = f"open_spiel_{short_name.replace('-', '_').replace('.', '_')}"
-      game_spec["name"] = env_name
-      game_spec["title"] = f"Open Spiel: {short_name}"
-      game_spec["description"] = """
-Kaggle environment wrapper for OpenSpiel games.
-For game implementation details see:
-https://github.com/google-deepmind/open_spiel/tree/master/open_spiel/games
-""".strip()
-      game_spec["agents"] = [game.num_players()]
-      game_spec["configuration"]["episodeSteps"] = (
-          game.max_history_length() + DEFAULT_EPISODE_STEP_BUFFER
-      )
-      game_spec["configuration"]["openSpielGameString"]["default"] = str(game)
-      game_spec["configuration"]["openSpielGameName"]["default"] = short_name
-      game_spec["observation"]["properties"]["openSpielGameString"][
-          "default"] = str(game)
-      game_spec["observation"]["properties"]["openSpielGameName"][
-          "default"] = short_name
-
-      # Building html_renderer_callable is a bit convoluted but other approaches
-      # failed for a variety of reasons. Returning a simple lambda function
-      # doesn't work because of late-binding. The last env registered will
-      # overwrite all previous renderers.
-      js_string_content = _get_html_renderer_content(
-          open_spiel_short_name=short_name,
-          base_path_for_custom_renderers=custom_renderers_base,
-          default_renderer_func=_default_html_renderer,
-      )
-
-      def create_html_renderer_closure(captured_content):
-          def html_renderer_callable_no_args():
-              return captured_content
-          return html_renderer_callable_no_args
-
-      html_renderer_callable = create_html_renderer_closure(js_string_content)
-
-      registered_envs[env_name] = {
-          "specification": game_spec,
-          "interpreter": interpreter,
-          "renderer": renderer,
-          "html_renderer": html_renderer_callable,
-          "agents": agents,
-      }
-      successfully_loaded_games.append(short_name)
-
+      env_name = env_config["specification"]["name"]
+      if env_name in registered_envs:
+        raise ValueError(f"Attempting to overwrite existing env: {env_name}")
+      registered_envs[env_name] = env_config
     except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
-      skipped_games.append(short_name)
-      continue
+      _log.debug(e)
+      skipped_games.append(game_string)
 
-  print(f"""
-Successfully loaded OpenSpiel environments: {len(successfully_loaded_games)}.
-OpenSpiel games skipped: {len(skipped_games)}.
-""".strip())
+  _log.info(f"Successfully loaded OpenSpiel environments: {len(registered_envs)}.")
+  for env_name in registered_envs:
+    _log.info(f"   {env_name}")
+  _log.info(f"OpenSpiel games skipped: {len(skipped_games)}.")
+  for game_string in skipped_games:
+    _log.info(f"   {game_string}")
 
   return registered_envs
 
 
-registered_open_spiel_envs = _register_open_spiel_envs()
+GAMES_LIST = [
+    "chess",
+    "connect_four",
+    "gin_rummy",
+    "go(board_size=9)",
+    "tic_tac_toe",
+    "universal_poker(betting=nolimit,bettingAbstraction=fullgame,blind=1 2,firstPlayer=2 1 1 1,numBoardCards=0 3 1 1,numHoleCards=2,numPlayers=2,numRanks=13,numRounds=4,numSuits=4,stack=400 400)",
+]
+
+ENV_REGISTRY = _register_game_envs(GAMES_LIST)