justhtml 0.6.0__py3-none-any.whl

justhtml/treebuilder.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1231 @@
+# ruff: noqa: S101, PLW2901
+
+
+from .constants import (
+    BUTTON_SCOPE_TERMINATORS,
+    DEFAULT_SCOPE_TERMINATORS,
+    DEFINITION_SCOPE_TERMINATORS,
+    FOREIGN_ATTRIBUTE_ADJUSTMENTS,
+    FOREIGN_BREAKOUT_ELEMENTS,
+    FORMAT_MARKER,
+    FORMATTING_ELEMENTS,
+    HTML_INTEGRATION_POINT_SET,
+    IMPLIED_END_TAGS,
+    LIST_ITEM_SCOPE_TERMINATORS,
+    MATHML_ATTRIBUTE_ADJUSTMENTS,
+    MATHML_TEXT_INTEGRATION_POINT_SET,
+    SPECIAL_ELEMENTS,
+    SVG_ATTRIBUTE_ADJUSTMENTS,
+    SVG_TAG_NAME_ADJUSTMENTS,
+    TABLE_ALLOWED_CHILDREN,
+    TABLE_FOSTER_TARGETS,
+    TABLE_SCOPE_TERMINATORS,
+)
+from .errors import generate_error_message
+from .node import ElementNode, SimpleDomNode, TemplateNode, TextNode
+from .tokens import CharacterTokens, CommentToken, DoctypeToken, EOFToken, ParseError, Tag, TokenSinkResult
+from .treebuilder_modes import TreeBuilderModesMixin
+from .treebuilder_utils import (
+    InsertionMode,
+    is_all_whitespace,
+)
+
+
+class TreeBuilder(TreeBuilderModesMixin):
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_body_end_handlers",
+        "_body_start_handlers",
+        "_body_token_handlers",
+        "_mode_handlers",
+        "active_formatting",
+        "collect_errors",
+        "document",
+        "errors",
+        "form_element",
+        "fragment_context",
+        "fragment_context_element",
+        "frameset_ok",
+        "head_element",
+        "iframe_srcdoc",
+        "ignore_lf",
+        "insert_from_table",
+        "mode",
+        "open_elements",
+        "original_mode",
+        "pending_table_text",
+        "quirks_mode",
+        "table_text_original_mode",
+        "template_modes",
+        "tokenizer",
+        "tokenizer_state_override",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fragment_context=None,
+        iframe_srcdoc=False,
+        collect_errors=False,
+    ):
+        self.fragment_context = fragment_context
+        self.iframe_srcdoc = iframe_srcdoc
+        self.collect_errors = collect_errors
+        self.errors = []
+        self.tokenizer = None  # Set by parser after tokenizer is created
+        self.fragment_context_element = None
+        if fragment_context is not None:
+            self.document = SimpleDomNode("#document-fragment")
+        else:
+            self.document = SimpleDomNode("#document")
+        self.mode = InsertionMode.INITIAL
+        self.original_mode = None
+        self.table_text_original_mode = None
+        self.open_elements = []
+        self.head_element = None
+        self.form_element = None
+        self.frameset_ok = True
+        self.quirks_mode = "no-quirks"
+        self.ignore_lf = False
+        self.active_formatting = []
+        self.insert_from_table = False
+        self.pending_table_text = []
+        self.template_modes = []
+        self.tokenizer_state_override = None
+        if fragment_context is not None:
+            # Fragment parsing per HTML5 spec
+            root = self._create_element("html", None, {})
+            self.document.append_child(root)
+            self.open_elements.append(root)
+            # Set mode based on context element name
+            namespace = fragment_context.namespace
+            context_name = fragment_context.tag_name or ""
+            name = context_name.lower()
+
+            # Create a fake context element to establish foreign content context
+            # Per spec: "Create an element for the token in the given namespace"
+            if namespace and namespace not in {None, "html"}:
+                adjusted_name = context_name
+                if namespace == "svg":
+                    adjusted_name = self._adjust_svg_tag_name(context_name)
+                context_element = self._create_element(adjusted_name, namespace, {})
+                root.append_child(context_element)
+                self.open_elements.append(context_element)
+                self.fragment_context_element = context_element
+
+            # For html context, don't pre-create head/body - start in BEFORE_HEAD mode
+            # This allows frameset and other elements to be inserted properly
+            if name == "html":
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.BEFORE_HEAD
+            # Table modes only apply to HTML namespace fragments (namespace is None or "html")
+            elif namespace in {None, "html"} and name in {"tbody", "thead", "tfoot"}:
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_TABLE_BODY
+            elif namespace in {None, "html"} and name == "tr":
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_ROW
+            elif namespace in {None, "html"} and name in {"td", "th"}:
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_CELL
+            elif namespace in {None, "html"} and name == "caption":
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_CAPTION
+            elif namespace in {None, "html"} and name == "colgroup":
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_COLUMN_GROUP
+            elif namespace in {None, "html"} and name == "table":
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_TABLE
+            else:
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_BODY
+            # For fragments, frameset_ok starts as False per HTML5 spec
+            # This prevents frameset from being inserted in fragment contexts
+            self.frameset_ok = False
+
+    def _set_quirks_mode(self, mode):
+        self.quirks_mode = mode
+
+    def _parse_error(self, code, tag_name=None, token=None):
+        if not self.collect_errors:
+            return
+        # Use the position of the last emitted token (set by tokenizer before emit)
+        line = None
+        column = None
+        end_column = None
+        if self.tokenizer:  # pragma: no branch
+            line = self.tokenizer.last_token_line
+            column = self.tokenizer.last_token_column
+
+            # Calculate start and end columns based on token type for precise highlighting
+            # Note: column from tokenizer points AFTER the last character (0-indexed)
+            if token is not None and isinstance(token, Tag):
+                # Tag: <name> or </name> plus attributes
+                tag_len = len(token.name) + 2  # < + name + >
+                if token.kind == Tag.END:
+                    tag_len += 1  # </name>
+                # Add attribute lengths
+                for attr_name, attr_value in token.attrs.items():
+                    tag_len += 1 + len(attr_name)  # space + name
+                    if attr_value:
+                        tag_len += 1 + 2 + len(attr_value)  # = + "value"
+                if token.self_closing:
+                    tag_len += 1  # /
+                # column points after >, so start is column - tag_len + 1 (for 1-indexed)
+                start_column = column - tag_len + 1
+                column = start_column
+                end_column = column + tag_len
+
+        message = generate_error_message(code, tag_name)
+        source_html = self.tokenizer.buffer if self.tokenizer else None
+        self.errors.append(
+            ParseError(
+                code,
+                line=line,
+                column=column,
+                message=message,
+                source_html=source_html,
+                end_column=end_column,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def _has_element_in_scope(self, target, terminators=None, check_integration_points=True):
+        if terminators is None:
+            terminators = DEFAULT_SCOPE_TERMINATORS
+        for node in reversed(self.open_elements):
+            if node.name == target:
+                return True
+            ns = node.namespace
+            if ns == "html" or ns is None:
+                if node.name in terminators:
+                    return False
+            elif check_integration_points and (
+                self._is_html_integration_point(node) or self._is_mathml_text_integration_point(node)
+            ):
+                return False
+        return False
+
+    def _has_element_in_button_scope(self, target):
+        return self._has_element_in_scope(target, BUTTON_SCOPE_TERMINATORS)
+
+    def _pop_until_inclusive(self, name):
+        # Callers ensure element exists on stack
+        while self.open_elements:  # pragma: no branch
+            node = self.open_elements.pop()
+            if node.name == name:
+                break
+
+    def _pop_until_any_inclusive(self, names):
+        # Pop elements until we find one in names (callers ensure element exists)
+        while self.open_elements:
+            node = self.open_elements.pop()
+            if node.name in names:
+                return
+
+    def _close_p_element(self):
+        if self._has_element_in_button_scope("p"):
+            self._generate_implied_end_tags("p")
+            if self.open_elements[-1].name != "p":
+                self._parse_error("end-tag-too-early", tag_name="p")
+            self._pop_until_inclusive("p")
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def process_token(self, token):
+        # Optimization: Use type() identity check instead of isinstance
+        token_type = type(token)
+        if token_type is DoctypeToken:
+            # Check for foreign content first - DOCTYPE in SVG/MathML is a parse error
+            if self.open_elements:
+                current = self.open_elements[-1]
+                if current.namespace not in {None, "html"}:
+                    self._parse_error("unexpected-doctype")
+                    return TokenSinkResult.Continue
+            return self._handle_doctype(token)
+
+        current_token = token
+        force_html_mode = False
+
+        # Cache mode handlers list for speed
+        mode_handlers = self._MODE_HANDLERS
+
+        while True:
+            # Update token type for current token (it might have changed if reprocessed)
+            token_type = type(current_token)
+
+            # Optimization: Check for HTML namespace first (common case)
+            current_node = self.open_elements[-1] if self.open_elements else None
+            is_html_namespace = current_node is None or current_node.namespace in {None, "html"}
+
+            if force_html_mode or is_html_namespace:
+                force_html_mode = False
+                if self.mode == InsertionMode.IN_BODY:
+                    # Inline _mode_in_body for performance
+                    if token_type is Tag:
+                        # Inline _handle_tag_in_body
+                        if current_token.kind == 0:  # Tag.START
+                            name = current_token.name
+                            if name == "div" or name == "ul" or name == "ol":
+                                # Inline _handle_body_start_block_with_p
+                                # Check if p is in button scope (html always terminates)
+                                has_p = False
+                                idx = len(self.open_elements) - 1
+                                while idx >= 0:  # pragma: no branch
+                                    node = self.open_elements[idx]
+                                    if node.name == "p":
+                                        has_p = True
+                                        break
+                                    if node.namespace in {None, "html"} and node.name in BUTTON_SCOPE_TERMINATORS:
+                                        break
+                                    idx -= 1
+
+                                if has_p:
+                                    self._close_p_element()
+
+                                self._insert_element(current_token, push=True)
+                                result = None
+                            elif name == "p":
+                                result = self._handle_body_start_paragraph(current_token)
+                            elif name == "span":
+                                if self.active_formatting:
+                                    self._reconstruct_active_formatting_elements()
+                                self._insert_element(current_token, push=True)
+                                self.frameset_ok = False
+                                result = None
+                            elif name == "a":
+                                result = self._handle_body_start_a(current_token)
+                            elif name == "br" or name == "img":
+                                if self.active_formatting:
+                                    self._reconstruct_active_formatting_elements()
+                                self._insert_element(current_token, push=False)
+                                self.frameset_ok = False
+                                result = None
+                            elif name == "hr":
+                                has_p = False
+                                idx = len(self.open_elements) - 1
+                                while idx >= 0:  # pragma: no branch
+                                    node = self.open_elements[idx]
+                                    if node.name == "p":
+                                        has_p = True
+                                        break
+                                    if node.namespace in {None, "html"} and node.name in BUTTON_SCOPE_TERMINATORS:
+                                        break
+                                    idx -= 1
+
+                                if has_p:
+                                    self._close_p_element()
+
+                                self._insert_element(current_token, push=False)
+                                self.frameset_ok = False
+                                result = None
+                            else:
+                                handler = self._BODY_START_HANDLERS.get(name)
+                                if handler:
+                                    result = handler(self, current_token)
+                                else:
+                                    # Inline _handle_body_start_default
+                                    # Elements here have no special handler - never in FRAMESET_NEUTRAL/FORMATTING_ELEMENTS
+                                    if self.active_formatting:
+                                        self._reconstruct_active_formatting_elements()
+                                    self._insert_element(current_token, push=True)
+                                    if current_token.self_closing:
+                                        self._parse_error(
+                                            "non-void-html-element-start-tag-with-trailing-solidus",
+                                            tag_name=current_token.name,
+                                        )
+                                    self.frameset_ok = False
+                                    result = None
+                        else:
+                            name = current_token.name
+                            if name == "br":
+                                self._parse_error("unexpected-end-tag", tag_name=name)
+                                br_tag = Tag(0, "br", {}, False)
+                                result = self._handle_body_start_br(br_tag)
+                            elif name in FORMATTING_ELEMENTS:
+                                self._adoption_agency(name)
+                                result = None
+                            else:
+                                handler = self._BODY_END_HANDLERS.get(name)
+                                if handler:
+                                    result = handler(self, current_token)
+                                else:
+                                    self._any_other_end_tag(name)
+                                    result = None
+                    elif token_type is CharacterTokens:
+                        # Inline _handle_characters_in_body
+                        # Only non-whitespace data reaches here (whitespace handled in process_characters)
+                        self.frameset_ok = False
+                        self._reconstruct_active_formatting_elements()
+                        self._append_text(current_token.data)
+                        result = None
+                    elif token_type is CommentToken:
+                        result = self._handle_comment_in_body(current_token)
+                    else:  # EOFToken
+                        result = self._handle_eof_in_body(current_token)
+                else:
+                    result = mode_handlers[self.mode](self, current_token)
+            elif self._should_use_foreign_content(current_token):
+                result = self._process_foreign_content(current_token)
+            else:
+                # Foreign content stack logic
+                current = current_node
+                # Only pop foreign elements if we're NOT at an HTML/MathML integration point
+                # and NOT about to insert a new foreign element (svg/math)
+                if not isinstance(current_token, EOFToken):
+                    # Don't pop at integration points - they stay on stack to receive content
+                    if self._is_html_integration_point(current) or self._is_mathml_text_integration_point(current):
+                        pass
+                    # Don't pop when inserting new svg/math elements
+                    if isinstance(current_token, Tag) and current_token.kind == Tag.START:
+                        # Optimization: Tokenizer already lowercases tag names
+                        name_lower = current_token.name
+                        if name_lower in {"svg", "math"}:
+                            pass
+
+                # Special handling: text at integration points inserts directly, bypassing mode dispatch
+                if isinstance(current_token, CharacterTokens):
+                    if self._is_mathml_text_integration_point(current):
+                        # Tokenizer guarantees non-empty data
+                        data = current_token.data
+                        if "\x00" in data:
+                            self._parse_error("invalid-codepoint")
+                            data = data.replace("\x00", "")
+                        if "\x0c" in data:
+                            self._parse_error("invalid-codepoint")
+                            data = data.replace("\x0c", "")
+                        if data:
+                            if not is_all_whitespace(data):
+                                self._reconstruct_active_formatting_elements()
+                                self.frameset_ok = False
+                            self._append_text(data)
+                        result = None
+                    else:
+                        result = mode_handlers[self.mode](self, current_token)
+                else:
+                    # At integration points inside foreign content, check if table tags make sense.
+                    if (
+                        (self._is_mathml_text_integration_point(current) or self._is_html_integration_point(current))
+                        and isinstance(current_token, Tag)
+                        and current_token.kind == Tag.START
+                        and self.mode not in {InsertionMode.IN_BODY}
+                    ):
+                        # Check if we're in a table mode but without an actual table in scope
+                        # If so, table tags should be ignored (use IN_BODY mode)
+                        is_table_mode = self.mode in {
+                            InsertionMode.IN_TABLE,
+                            InsertionMode.IN_TABLE_BODY,
+                            InsertionMode.IN_ROW,
+                            InsertionMode.IN_CELL,
+                            InsertionMode.IN_CAPTION,
+                            InsertionMode.IN_COLUMN_GROUP,
+                        }
+                        has_table_in_scope = self._has_in_table_scope("table")
+                        if is_table_mode and not has_table_in_scope:
+                            # Temporarily use IN_BODY mode for this tag
+                            saved_mode = self.mode
+                            self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_BODY
+                            result = mode_handlers[self.mode](self, current_token)
+                            # Restore mode if no mode change was requested
+                            if self.mode == InsertionMode.IN_BODY:  # pragma: no branch
+                                self.mode = saved_mode
+                        else:
+                            result = mode_handlers[self.mode](self, current_token)
+                    else:
+                        result = mode_handlers[self.mode](self, current_token)
+
+            if result is None:
+                result_to_return = self.tokenizer_state_override or TokenSinkResult.Continue
+                self.tokenizer_state_override = None
+                return result_to_return
+            # Result is (instruction, mode, token) or (instruction, mode, token, force_html)
+            _instruction, mode, token_override = result[0], result[1], result[2]
+            if len(result) == 4:
+                force_html_mode = result[3]
+            # All mode handlers that return a tuple use "reprocess" instruction
+            self.mode = mode
+            current_token = token_override
+            # Continue loop to reprocess
+
+    def finish(self):
+        if self.fragment_context is not None:
+            # For fragments, remove the html wrapper and promote its children
+            # Note: html element is always created in fragment setup, so children[0] is always "html"
+            root = self.document.children[0]
+            context_elem = self.fragment_context_element
+            if context_elem is not None and context_elem.parent is root:
+                for child in list(context_elem.children):
+                    context_elem.remove_child(child)
+                    root.append_child(child)
+                root.remove_child(context_elem)
+            for child in list(root.children):
+                root.remove_child(child)
+                self.document.append_child(child)
+            self.document.remove_child(root)
+
+        # Populate selectedcontent elements per HTML5 spec
+        self._populate_selectedcontent(self.document)
+
+        return self.document
+
+    # Insertion mode dispatch ------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _append_comment_to_document(self, text):
+        node = SimpleDomNode("#comment", data=text)
+        self.document.append_child(node)
+
+    def _append_comment(self, text, parent=None):
+        if parent is None:
+            parent = self._current_node_or_html()
+        # If parent is a template, insert into its content fragment
+        if type(parent) is TemplateNode and parent.template_content:
+            parent = parent.template_content
+        node = SimpleDomNode("#comment", data=text)
+        parent.append_child(node)
+
+    def _append_text(self, text):
+        if self.ignore_lf:
+            self.ignore_lf = False
+            if text.startswith("\n"):
+                text = text[1:]
+                if not text:
+                    return
+
+        # Guard against empty stack
+        if not self.open_elements:  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+
+        # Fast path optimization for common case
+        target = self.open_elements[-1]
+
+        if target.name not in TABLE_FOSTER_TARGETS and type(target) is not TemplateNode:
+            children = target.children
+            if children:
+                last_child = children[-1]
+                if type(last_child) is TextNode:
+                    last_child.data += text
+                    return
+
+            node = TextNode(text)
+            children.append(node)
+            node.parent = target
+            return
+
+        target = self._current_node_or_html()
+        foster_parenting = self._should_foster_parenting(target, is_text=True)
+
+        # Reconstruct active formatting BEFORE getting insertion location when foster parenting
+        if foster_parenting:
+            self._reconstruct_active_formatting_elements()
+
+        # Always use appropriate insertion location to handle templates
+        parent, position = self._appropriate_insertion_location(foster_parenting=foster_parenting)
+
+        # Coalesce with adjacent text node if possible
+        if position > 0 and parent.children[position - 1].name == "#text":
+            parent.children[position - 1].data = (parent.children[position - 1].data or "") + text
+            return
+
+        node = TextNode(text)
+        reference_node = parent.children[position] if position < len(parent.children) else None
+        parent.insert_before(node, reference_node)
+
+    def _current_node_or_html(self):
+        if self.open_elements:
+            return self.open_elements[-1]
+        # Stack empty - find html element in document children
+        # (may not be first if there are comments/doctype before it)
+        for child in self.document.children:
+            if child.name == "html":
+                return child
+        # Edge case: no html found, return first child or None
+        return self.document.children[0] if self.document.children else None  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def _create_root(self, attrs):
+        node = SimpleDomNode("html", attrs=attrs, namespace="html")
+        self.document.append_child(node)
+        self.open_elements.append(node)
+        return node
+
+    def _insert_element(self, tag, *, push, namespace="html"):
+        if tag.name == "template" and namespace == "html":
+            node = TemplateNode(tag.name, attrs=tag.attrs, namespace=namespace)
+        else:
+            node = ElementNode(tag.name, attrs=tag.attrs, namespace=namespace)
+
+        # Fast path for common case: not inserting from table
+        if not self.insert_from_table:
+            target = self._current_node_or_html()
+
+            # Handle template content insertion
+            if type(target) is TemplateNode:
+                parent = target.template_content
+            else:
+                parent = target
+
+            parent.append_child(node)
+
+            if push:
+                self.open_elements.append(node)
+            return node
+
+        target = self._current_node_or_html()
+        foster_parenting = self._should_foster_parenting(target, for_tag=tag.name)
+        parent, position = self._appropriate_insertion_location(foster_parenting=foster_parenting)
+        self._insert_node_at(parent, position, node)
+        if push:
+            self.open_elements.append(node)
+        return node
+
+    def _insert_phantom(self, name):
+        tag = Tag(Tag.START, name, {}, False)
+        return self._insert_element(tag, push=True)
+
+    def _insert_body_if_missing(self):
+        html_node = self._find_last_on_stack("html")
+        node = SimpleDomNode("body", namespace="html")
+        html_node.append_child(node)
+        node.parent = html_node
+        self.open_elements.append(node)
+
+    def _create_element(self, name, namespace, attrs):
+        ns = namespace or "html"
+        return ElementNode(name, attrs, ns)
+
+    def _pop_current(self):
+        return self.open_elements.pop()
+
+    def _in_scope(self, name):
+        return self._has_element_in_scope(name, DEFAULT_SCOPE_TERMINATORS)
+
+    def _close_element_by_name(self, name):
+        # Simple element closing - pops from the named element onwards
+        # Used for explicit closing (e.g., when button start tag closes existing button)
+        # Caller guarantees name is on the stack via _has_in_scope check
+        index = len(self.open_elements) - 1
+        while index >= 0:  # pragma: no branch
+            if self.open_elements[index].name == name:
+                del self.open_elements[index:]
+                return
+            index -= 1
+
+    def _any_other_end_tag(self, name):
+        # Spec: "Any other end tag" in IN_BODY mode
+        # Loop through stack backwards (always terminates: html is special)
+        index = len(self.open_elements) - 1
+        while index >= 0:  # pragma: no branch
+            node = self.open_elements[index]
+
+            # If node's name matches the end tag name
+            if node.name == name:
+                # Generate implied end tags (except for this name)
+                # If current node is not this node, parse error
+                if index != len(self.open_elements) - 1:
+                    self._parse_error("end-tag-too-early")
+                # Pop all elements from this node onwards
+                del self.open_elements[index:]
+                return
+
+            # If node is a special element, parse error and ignore the tag
+            if self._is_special_element(node):
+                self._parse_error("unexpected-end-tag", tag_name=name)
+                return  # Ignore the end tag
+
+            # Continue to next node (previous in stack)
+            index -= 1
+
+    def _add_missing_attributes(self, node, attrs):
+        if not attrs:
+            return
+        existing = node.attrs
+        for name, value in attrs.items():
+            if name not in existing:
+                existing[name] = value
+
+    def _remove_from_open_elements(self, node):
+        for index, current in enumerate(self.open_elements):
+            if current is node:
+                del self.open_elements[index]
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def _is_special_element(self, node):
+        if node.namespace not in {None, "html"}:
+            return False
+        return node.name in SPECIAL_ELEMENTS
+
+    def _find_active_formatting_index(self, name):
+        for index in range(len(self.active_formatting) - 1, -1, -1):
+            entry = self.active_formatting[index]
+            if entry is FORMAT_MARKER:
+                break
+            if entry["name"] == name:
+                return index
+        return None
+
+    def _find_active_formatting_index_by_node(self, node):
+        for index in range(len(self.active_formatting) - 1, -1, -1):
+            entry = self.active_formatting[index]
+            if entry is not FORMAT_MARKER and entry["node"] is node:
+                return index
+        return None
+
+    def _clone_attributes(self, attrs):
+        return attrs.copy() if attrs else {}
+
+    def _attrs_signature(self, attrs):
+        if not attrs:
+            return ()
+        items = []
+        for name, value in attrs.items():
+            items.append((name, value or ""))
+        items.sort()
+        return tuple(items)
+
+    def _find_active_formatting_duplicate(self, name, attrs):
+        signature = self._attrs_signature(attrs)
+        matches = []
+        for index, entry in enumerate(self.active_formatting):
+            if entry is FORMAT_MARKER:
+                matches.clear()
+                continue
+            existing_signature = entry["signature"]
+            if entry["name"] == name and existing_signature == signature:
+                matches.append(index)
+        if len(matches) >= 3:
+            return matches[0]
+        return None
+
+    def _has_active_formatting_entry(self, name):
+        for index in range(len(self.active_formatting) - 1, -1, -1):
+            entry = self.active_formatting[index]
+            if entry is FORMAT_MARKER:
+                break
+            if entry["name"] == name:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def _remove_last_active_formatting_by_name(self, name):
+        for index in range(len(self.active_formatting) - 1, -1, -1):
+            entry = self.active_formatting[index]
+            if entry is FORMAT_MARKER:
+                break
+            if entry["name"] == name:
+                del self.active_formatting[index]
+                return
+
+    def _remove_last_open_element_by_name(self, name):
+        for index in range(len(self.open_elements) - 1, -1, -1):
+            if self.open_elements[index].name == name:
+                del self.open_elements[index]
+                return
+
+    def _append_active_formatting_entry(self, name, attrs, node):
+        entry_attrs = self._clone_attributes(attrs)
+        signature = self._attrs_signature(entry_attrs)
+        self.active_formatting.append(
+            {
+                "name": name,
+                "attrs": entry_attrs,
+                "node": node,
+                "signature": signature,
+            },
+        )
+
+    def _clear_active_formatting_up_to_marker(self):
+        while self.active_formatting:
+            entry = self.active_formatting.pop()
+            if entry is FORMAT_MARKER:
+                break
+
+    def _push_formatting_marker(self):
+        self.active_formatting.append(FORMAT_MARKER)
+
+    def _remove_formatting_entry(self, index):
+        assert 0 <= index < len(self.active_formatting), f"Invalid index: {index}"
+        del self.active_formatting[index]
+
+    def _reconstruct_active_formatting_elements(self):
+        if not self.active_formatting:
+            return
+        last_entry = self.active_formatting[-1]
+        if last_entry is FORMAT_MARKER or last_entry["node"] in self.open_elements:
+            return
+
+        index = len(self.active_formatting) - 1
+        while True:
+            index -= 1
+            if index < 0:
+                break
+            entry = self.active_formatting[index]
+            if entry is FORMAT_MARKER or entry["node"] in self.open_elements:
+                index += 1
+                break
+        if index < 0:
+            index = 0
+        while index < len(self.active_formatting):
+            entry = self.active_formatting[index]
+            tag = Tag(Tag.START, entry["name"], self._clone_attributes(entry["attrs"]), False)
+            new_node = self._insert_element(tag, push=True)
+            entry["node"] = new_node
+            index += 1
+
+    def _insert_node_at(self, parent, index, node):
+        reference_node = None
+        if index is not None and index < len(parent.children):
+            reference_node = parent.children[index]
+        parent.insert_before(node, reference_node)
+
+    def _find_last_on_stack(self, name):
+        for node in reversed(self.open_elements):
+            if node.name == name:
+                return node
+        return None
+
+    def _clear_stack_until(self, names):
+        # All callers include "html" in names, so this always terminates via break
+        while self.open_elements:
+            node = self.open_elements[-1]
+            if node.name in names and node.namespace in {None, "html"}:
+                break
+            self.open_elements.pop()
+
+    def _generate_implied_end_tags(self, exclude=None):
+        # Always terminates: html is not in IMPLIED_END_TAGS
+        while self.open_elements:  # pragma: no branch
+            node = self.open_elements[-1]
+            if node.name in IMPLIED_END_TAGS and node.name != exclude:
+                self.open_elements.pop()
+                continue
+            break
+
+    def _has_in_table_scope(self, name):
+        return self._has_element_in_scope(name, TABLE_SCOPE_TERMINATORS, check_integration_points=False)
+
+    def _close_table_cell(self):
+        if self._has_in_table_scope("td"):
+            self._end_table_cell("td")
+            return True
+        if self._has_in_table_scope("th"):
+            self._end_table_cell("th")
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def _end_table_cell(self, name):
+        self._generate_implied_end_tags(name)
+        while self.open_elements:
+            node = self.open_elements.pop()
+            if node.name == name and node.namespace in {None, "html"}:
+                break
+        self._clear_active_formatting_up_to_marker()
+        self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_ROW
+
+    def _flush_pending_table_text(self):
+        data = "".join(self.pending_table_text)
+        self.pending_table_text.clear()
+        if not data:
+            return
+        if is_all_whitespace(data):
+            self._append_text(data)
+            return
+        self._parse_error("foster-parenting-character")
+        previous = self.insert_from_table
+        self.insert_from_table = True
+        try:
+            self._reconstruct_active_formatting_elements()
+            self._append_text(data)
+        finally:
+            self.insert_from_table = previous
+
+    def _close_table_element(self):
+        if not self._has_in_table_scope("table"):
+            self._parse_error("unexpected-end-tag", tag_name="table")
+            return False
+        self._generate_implied_end_tags()
+        # Table verified in scope above
+        while self.open_elements:  # pragma: no branch
+            node = self.open_elements.pop()
+            if node.name == "table":
+                break
+        self._reset_insertion_mode()
+        return True
+
+    def _reset_insertion_mode(self):
+        # Walk stack backwards - html element always terminates
+        idx = len(self.open_elements) - 1
+        while idx >= 0:
+            node = self.open_elements[idx]
+            name = node.name
+            if name == "select":
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_SELECT
+                return
+            if name == "td" or name == "th":
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_CELL
+                return
+            if name == "tr":
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_ROW
+                return
+            if name in {"tbody", "tfoot", "thead"}:
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_TABLE_BODY
+                return
+            if name == "caption":
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_CAPTION
+                return
+            if name == "table":
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_TABLE
+                return
+            if name == "template":
+                # Return the last template mode from the stack
+                if self.template_modes:
+                    self.mode = self.template_modes[-1]
+                    return
+            if name == "head":
+                # If we're resetting and head is on stack, stay in IN_HEAD
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_HEAD
+                return
+            if name == "html":
+                self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_BODY
+                return
+            idx -= 1
+        # Empty stack fallback
+        self.mode = InsertionMode.IN_BODY
+
+    def _should_foster_parenting(self, target, *, for_tag=None, is_text=False):
+        if not self.insert_from_table:
+            return False
+        if target.name not in TABLE_FOSTER_TARGETS:
+            return False
+        if is_text:
+            return True
+        if for_tag in TABLE_ALLOWED_CHILDREN:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def _lower_ascii(self, value):
+        return value.lower() if value else ""
+
+    def _adjust_svg_tag_name(self, name):
+        lowered = self._lower_ascii(name)
+        return SVG_TAG_NAME_ADJUSTMENTS.get(lowered, name)
+
+    def _prepare_foreign_attributes(self, namespace, attrs):
+        if not attrs:
+            return {}
+        adjusted = {}
+        for name, value in attrs.items():
+            lower_name = self._lower_ascii(name)
+            if namespace == "math" and lower_name in MATHML_ATTRIBUTE_ADJUSTMENTS:
+                name = MATHML_ATTRIBUTE_ADJUSTMENTS[lower_name]
+                lower_name = self._lower_ascii(name)
+            elif namespace == "svg" and lower_name in SVG_ATTRIBUTE_ADJUSTMENTS:
+                name = SVG_ATTRIBUTE_ADJUSTMENTS[lower_name]
+                lower_name = self._lower_ascii(name)
+
+            foreign_adjustment = FOREIGN_ATTRIBUTE_ADJUSTMENTS.get(lower_name)
+            if foreign_adjustment is not None:
+                prefix, local, _ = foreign_adjustment
+                name = f"{prefix}:{local}"
+
+            # Tokenizer deduplicates attributes, so name collision impossible here
+            adjusted[name] = value
+        return adjusted
+
+    def _node_attribute_value(self, node, name):
+        target = self._lower_ascii(name)
+        for attr_name, attr_value in node.attrs.items():
+            if self._lower_ascii(attr_name) == target:
+                return attr_value or ""
+        return None
+
+    def _is_html_integration_point(self, node):
+        # annotation-xml is an HTML integration point only with specific encoding values
+        if node.namespace == "math" and node.name == "annotation-xml":
+            encoding = self._node_attribute_value(node, "encoding")
+            if encoding:
+                enc_lower = encoding.lower()
+                if enc_lower in {"text/html", "application/xhtml+xml"}:
+                    return True
+            return False  # annotation-xml without proper encoding is NOT an integration point
+        # SVG foreignObject, desc, and title are always HTML integration points
+        return (node.namespace, node.name) in HTML_INTEGRATION_POINT_SET
+
+    def _is_mathml_text_integration_point(self, node):
+        if node.namespace != "math":
+            return False
+        return (node.namespace, node.name) in MATHML_TEXT_INTEGRATION_POINT_SET
+
+    def _adjusted_current_node(self):
+        return self.open_elements[-1]
+
+    def _should_use_foreign_content(self, token):
+        current = self._adjusted_current_node()
+        # HTML namespace elements don't use foreign content rules
+        # (unreachable in practice as foreign content mode only entered for foreign elements)
+        if current.namespace in {None, "html"}:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+
+        if isinstance(token, EOFToken):
+            return False
+
+        if self._is_mathml_text_integration_point(current):
+            if isinstance(token, CharacterTokens):
+                return False
+            if isinstance(token, Tag) and token.kind == Tag.START:
+                name_lower = self._lower_ascii(token.name)
+                if name_lower not in {"mglyph", "malignmark"}:
+                    return False
+
+        if current.namespace == "math" and current.name == "annotation-xml":
+            if isinstance(token, Tag) and token.kind == Tag.START:
+                if self._lower_ascii(token.name) == "svg":
+                    return False
+
+        if self._is_html_integration_point(current):
+            if isinstance(token, CharacterTokens):
+                return False
+            if isinstance(token, Tag) and token.kind == Tag.START:
+                return False
+
+        return True
+
+    def _foreign_breakout_font(self, tag):
+        for name in tag.attrs.keys():
+            if self._lower_ascii(name) in {"color", "face", "size"}:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def _pop_until_html_or_integration_point(self):
+        # Always terminates: html element has html namespace
+        while self.open_elements:  # pragma: no branch
+            node = self.open_elements[-1]
+            if node.namespace in {None, "html"}:
+                return
+            if self._is_html_integration_point(node):
+                return
+            if self.fragment_context_element is not None and node is self.fragment_context_element:
+                return
+            self.open_elements.pop()
+
+    def _process_foreign_content(self, token):
+        current = self._adjusted_current_node()
+
+        if isinstance(token, CharacterTokens):
+            raw = token.data or ""
+            cleaned = []
+            has_non_null_non_ws = False
+            for ch in raw:
+                if ch == "\x00":
+                    self._parse_error("invalid-codepoint-in-foreign-content")
+                    cleaned.append("\ufffd")
+                    continue
+                cleaned.append(ch)
+                if ch not in "\t\n\f\r ":
+                    has_non_null_non_ws = True
+            data = "".join(cleaned)
+            if has_non_null_non_ws:
+                self.frameset_ok = False
+            self._append_text(data)
+            return None
+
+        if isinstance(token, CommentToken):
+            self._append_comment(token.data)
+            return None
+
+        # Foreign content only receives CharacterTokens, CommentToken, or Tag (not EOF)
+        assert isinstance(token, Tag), f"Unexpected token type in foreign content: {type(token)}"
+        name_lower = self._lower_ascii(token.name)
+        if token.kind == Tag.START:
+            if name_lower in FOREIGN_BREAKOUT_ELEMENTS or (
+                name_lower == "font" and self._foreign_breakout_font(token)
+            ):
+                self._parse_error("unexpected-html-element-in-foreign-content")
+                self._pop_until_html_or_integration_point()
+                self._reset_insertion_mode()
+                return ("reprocess", self.mode, token, True)
+
+            namespace = current.namespace
+            adjusted_name = token.name
+            if namespace == "svg":
+                adjusted_name = self._adjust_svg_tag_name(token.name)
+            attrs = self._prepare_foreign_attributes(namespace, token.attrs)
+            new_tag = Tag(Tag.START, adjusted_name, attrs, token.self_closing)
+            # For foreign elements, honor the self-closing flag
+            self._insert_element(new_tag, push=not token.self_closing, namespace=namespace)
+            return None
+
+        # Only START and END tag kinds exist, and START returns above
+        assert token.kind == Tag.END, f"Unexpected tag kind: {token.kind}"
+        name_lower = self._lower_ascii(token.name)
+
+        # Special case: </br> and </p> end tags trigger breakout from foreign content
+        if name_lower in {"br", "p"}:
+            self._parse_error("unexpected-html-element-in-foreign-content")
+            self._pop_until_html_or_integration_point()
+            self._reset_insertion_mode()
+            return ("reprocess", self.mode, token, True)
+
+        # Process foreign end tag per spec: walk stack backwards looking for match
+        idx = len(self.open_elements) - 1
+        first = True
+        while idx >= 0:
+            node = self.open_elements[idx]
+            is_html = node.namespace in {None, "html"}
+            name_eq = self._lower_ascii(node.name) == name_lower
+
+            # Check if this node matches the end tag (case-insensitive)
+            if name_eq:
+                if self.fragment_context_element is not None and node is self.fragment_context_element:
+                    self._parse_error("unexpected-end-tag-in-fragment-context")
+                    return None
+                # If matched element is HTML namespace, break out to HTML mode
+                if is_html:
+                    return ("reprocess", self.mode, token, True)
+                # Otherwise it's a foreign element - pop everything from this point up
+                del self.open_elements[idx:]
+                return None
+
+            # Per HTML5 spec: if first node doesn't match, it's a parse error
+            if first:
+                self._parse_error("unexpected-end-tag-in-foreign-content", tag_name=token.name)
+                first = False
+
+            # If we hit an HTML element that doesn't match, process in secondary mode
+            if is_html:
+                return ("reprocess", self.mode, token, True)
+
+            idx -= 1
+        # Stack exhausted without finding match - ignore tag (defensive, html always terminates)
+        return None  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def _appropriate_insertion_location(self, override_target=None, *, foster_parenting=False):
+        if override_target is not None:
+            target = override_target
+        else:
+            target = self._current_node_or_html()
+
+        if foster_parenting and target.name in {"table", "tbody", "tfoot", "thead", "tr"}:
+            last_template = self._find_last_on_stack("template")
+            last_table = self._find_last_on_stack("table")
+            if last_template is not None and (
+                last_table is None or self.open_elements.index(last_template) > self.open_elements.index(last_table)
+            ):
+                return last_template.template_content, len(last_template.template_content.children)
+            # No table on stack - fall back to inserting in target
+            if last_table is None:
+                return target, len(target.children)
+            parent = last_table.parent
+            # Table has no parent (e.g., detached) - fall back to target
+            if parent is None:  # pragma: no cover
+                return target, len(target.children)
+            position = parent.children.index(last_table)
+            return parent, position
+
+        # If target is a template element, insert into its content document fragment
+        if type(target) is TemplateNode and target.template_content:
+            return target.template_content, len(target.template_content.children)
+
+        return target, len(target.children)
+
+    def _populate_selectedcontent(self, root):
+        """Populate selectedcontent elements with content from selected option.
+
+        Per HTML5 spec: selectedcontent mirrors the content of the selected option,
+        or the first option if none is selected.
+        """
+        # Find all select elements
+        selects = []
+        self._find_elements(root, "select", selects)
+
+        for select in selects:
+            # Find selectedcontent element in this select
+            selectedcontent = self._find_element(select, "selectedcontent")
+            if not selectedcontent:
+                continue
+
+            # Find all option elements
+            options = []
+            self._find_elements(select, "option", options)
+
+            # Find selected option or use first one
+            selected_option = None
+            for opt in options:
+                if opt.attrs:
+                    for attr_name in opt.attrs.keys():
+                        if attr_name == "selected":
+                            selected_option = opt
+                            break
+                if selected_option:
+                    break
+
+            if not selected_option:
+                selected_option = options[0]
+
+            # Clone content from selected option to selectedcontent
+            self._clone_children(selected_option, selectedcontent)
+
+    def _find_elements(self, node, name, result):
+        """Recursively find all elements with given name."""
+        if node.name == name:
+            result.append(node)
+
+        if node.has_child_nodes():
+            for child in node.children:
+                self._find_elements(child, name, result)
+
+    def _find_element(self, node, name):
+        """Find first element with given name."""
+        if node.name == name:
+            return node
+
+        if node.has_child_nodes():
+            for child in node.children:
+                result = self._find_element(child, name)
+                if result:
+                    return result
+        return None
+
+    def _clone_children(self, source, target):
+        """Deep clone all children from source to target."""
+        for child in source.children:
+            target.append_child(child.clone_node(deep=True))
+
+    def _has_in_scope(self, name):
+        return self._has_element_in_scope(name, DEFAULT_SCOPE_TERMINATORS)
+
+    def _has_in_list_item_scope(self, name):
+        return self._has_element_in_scope(name, LIST_ITEM_SCOPE_TERMINATORS)
+
+    def _has_in_definition_scope(self, name):
+        return self._has_element_in_scope(name, DEFINITION_SCOPE_TERMINATORS)
+
+    def _has_any_in_scope(self, names):
+        # Always terminates: html is in DEFAULT_SCOPE_TERMINATORS
+        terminators = DEFAULT_SCOPE_TERMINATORS
+        idx = len(self.open_elements) - 1
+        while idx >= 0:
+            node = self.open_elements[idx]
+            if node.name in names:
+                return True
+            if node.namespace in {None, "html"} and node.name in terminators:
+                return False
+            idx -= 1
+        return False  # pragma: no cover - html always terminates
+
+    def process_characters(self, data):
+        """Optimized path for character tokens."""
+        # Check for foreign content first
+        current_node = self.open_elements[-1] if self.open_elements else None
+        is_html_namespace = current_node is None or current_node.namespace in {None, "html"}
+
+        if not is_html_namespace:
+            return self.process_token(CharacterTokens(data))
+
+        if self.mode == InsertionMode.IN_BODY:
+            if "\x00" in data:
+                self._parse_error("invalid-codepoint")
+                data = data.replace("\x00", "")
+
+            if not data:
+                return TokenSinkResult.Continue
+
+            if is_all_whitespace(data):
+                self._reconstruct_active_formatting_elements()
+                self._append_text(data)
+                return TokenSinkResult.Continue
+
+            self._reconstruct_active_formatting_elements()
+            self.frameset_ok = False
+            self._append_text(data)
+            return TokenSinkResult.Continue
+
+        return self.process_token(CharacterTokens(data))