imap-processing 0.7.0__py3-none-any.whl → 0.9.0__py3-none-any.whl

imap_processing/ialirt/l0/process_codicelo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+"""Functions to support I-ALiRT CoDICE Lo processing."""
+
+import logging
+from typing import Any
+
+import numpy as np
+import xarray as xr
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def find_groups(data: xr.Dataset) -> xr.Dataset:
+    """
+    Find all occurrences of the sequential set of 233 values 0-232.
+
+    If a value is missing, or we are starting/ending
+    in the middle of a sequence we do not count that as a valid group.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : xr.Dataset
+        CoDICE Lo Dataset.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    grouped_data : xr.Dataset
+        Grouped data.
+    """
+    subcom_range = (0, 232)
+
+    data = data.sortby("cod_lo_acq", ascending=True)
+
+    # Use cod_lo_counter == 0 to define the beginning of the group.
+    # Find cod_lo_acq at this index and use it as the beginning time for the group.
+    start_sc_ticks = data["cod_lo_acq"][(data["cod_lo_counter"] == subcom_range[0])]
+    start_sc_tick = start_sc_ticks.min()
+    # Use cod_lo_counter == 232 to define the end of the group.
+    last_sc_ticks = data["cod_lo_acq"][
+        ([data["cod_lo_counter"] == subcom_range[-1]][-1])
+    ]
+    last_sc_tick = last_sc_ticks.max()
+
+    # Filter out data before the first cod_lo_counter=0 and
+    # after the last cod_lo_counter=232.
+    grouped_data = data.where(
+        (data["cod_lo_acq"] >= start_sc_tick) & (data["cod_lo_acq"] <= last_sc_tick),
+        drop=True,
+    )
+
+    # Assign labels based on the cod_lo_acq times.
+    group_labels = np.searchsorted(
+        start_sc_ticks, grouped_data["cod_lo_acq"], side="right"
+    )
+    # Example:
+    # grouped_data.coords
+    # Coordinates:
+    #   * epoch    (epoch) int64 7kB 315922822184000000 ... 315923721184000000
+    #   * group    (group) int64 7kB 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
+    grouped_data["group"] = ("group", group_labels)
+
+    return grouped_data
+
+
+def append_cod_lo_data(dataset: xr.Dataset) -> xr.Dataset:
+    """
+    Append the cod_lo_## data values and create an xarray.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    dataset : xr.Dataset
+        Original dataset of group.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    appended_dataset : xr.Dataset
+        Dataset with cod_lo_## stacked.
+    """
+    # Number of codice lo data rows
+    num_cod_lo_rows = 15
+    cod_lo_data = np.stack(
+        [dataset[f"cod_lo_data_{i:02}"].values for i in range(num_cod_lo_rows)], axis=1
+    )
+
+    repeated_data = {
+        var: np.repeat(dataset[var].values, num_cod_lo_rows)
+        for var in dataset.data_vars
+        if not var.startswith("cod_lo_data_")
+    }
+
+    repeated_data["cod_lo_appended"] = cod_lo_data.flatten()
+    repeated_epoch = np.repeat(dataset["epoch"].values, num_cod_lo_rows)
+
+    appended_dataset = xr.Dataset(
+        data_vars={name: ("epoch", values) for name, values in repeated_data.items()},
+        coords={"epoch": repeated_epoch},
+    )
+
+    return appended_dataset
+
+
+def process_codicelo(xarray_data: xr.Dataset) -> list[dict]:
+    """
+    Create final data products.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    xarray_data : xr.Dataset
+        Parsed data.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    codicelo_data : list[dict]
+        Dictionary of final data product.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This function is incomplete and will need to be updated to include the
+    necessary calculations and data products.
+    - Calculate species counts (pg 27 of Algorithm Document)
+    - Calculate rates (assume 4 minutes per group)
+    - Calculate L2 CoDICE pseudodensities (pg 37 of Algorithm Document)
+    - Calculate the public data products
+    """
+    grouped_data = find_groups(xarray_data)
+    unique_groups = np.unique(grouped_data["group"])
+    codicelo_data: list[dict[str, Any]] = [{}]
+
+    for group in unique_groups:
+        # cod_lo_counter values for the group should be 0-232 with no duplicates.
+        subcom_values = grouped_data["cod_lo_counter"][
+            (grouped_data["group"] == group).values
+        ]
+
+        # Ensure no duplicates and all values from 0 to 232 are present
+        if not np.array_equal(subcom_values, np.arange(233)):
+            logger.warning(
+                f"Group {group} does not contain all values from 0 to "
+                f"232 without duplicates."
+            )
+            continue
+
+        mask = grouped_data["group"] == group
+        filtered_indices = np.where(mask)[0]
+        group_data = grouped_data.isel(epoch=filtered_indices)
+
+        append_cod_lo_data(group_data)
+
+        # TODO: calculate species counts
+        # TODO: calculate rates
+        # TODO: calculate L2 CoDICE pseudodensities
+        # TODO: calculate the public data products
+
+    return codicelo_data

imap_processing/ialirt/l0/process_hit.py

@@ -161,13 +161,12 @@ def process_hit(xarray_data: xr.Dataset) -> list[dict]:
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    xarray_data : dict(xr.Dataset)
-        Dictionary of xarray data including a single
-        set for processing.
+    xarray_data : xr.Dataset
+        Parsed data.
 
     Returns
     -------
-    hit_data : dict
+    hit_data : list[dict]
         Dictionary final data product.
     """
     hit_data = []
@@ -182,10 +181,11 @@ def process_hit(xarray_data: xr.Dataset) -> list[dict]:
 
         # Ensure no duplicates and all values from 0 to 59 are present
         if not np.array_equal(subcom_values, np.arange(60)):
-            raise ValueError(
+            logger.warning(
                 f"Group {group} does not contain all values from 0 to "
                 f"59 without duplicates."
             )
+            continue
 
         fast_rate_1 = grouped_data["hit_fast_rate_1"][
             (grouped_data["group"] == group).values

imap_processing/ialirt/packet_definitions/ialirt_codicelo.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
+<xtce:SpaceSystem xmlns:xtce="http://www.omg.org/space/xtce" name="ialirt">
+	<xtce:Header date="2023-08-24T07:53:00MST" version="1.0" author="IMAP SDC" />
+	<xtce:TelemetryMetaData>
+		<xtce:ParameterTypeSet>
+			<!-- This file was manually created using content from:
+			I-ALiRT Packet Definitions: https://lasp.colorado.edu/galaxy/x/44nKCQ
+            -->
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint0" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="0" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint1" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="1" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint2" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="2" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint3" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="3" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint4" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="4" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint5" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="5" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint6" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="6" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint7" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="7" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint8" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="8" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint9" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="9" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint10" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="10" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint11" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="11" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint12" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="12" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint13" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="13" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint14" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="14" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint15" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="15" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint16" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="16" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint17" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="17" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint18" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="18" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint19" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="19" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint20" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="20" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint21" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="21" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint22" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="22" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint23" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="23" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint24" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="24" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint25" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="25" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint26" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="26" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint27" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="27" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint28" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="28" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint29" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="29" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint30" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="30" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint31" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="31" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint32" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="32" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+			<xtce:IntegerParameterType name="uint48" signed="false">
+				<xtce:IntegerDataEncoding sizeInBits="48" encoding="unsigned" />
+				<xtce:UnitSet />
+			</xtce:IntegerParameterType>
+		</xtce:ParameterTypeSet>
+        <xtce:ParameterSet>
+            <!-- Within the ParameterSet, utilize the data types defined in the ParameterTypeSet to create variables
+            with their respective data types. -->
+
+            <!--CCSDS Header Elements-->
+			<xtce:Parameter name="VERSION" parameterTypeRef="uint3">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CCSDS Packet Version Number (always 0)</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="TYPE" parameterTypeRef="uint1">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CCSDS Packet Type Indicator (0=telemetry)</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="SEC_HDR_FLG" parameterTypeRef="uint1">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CCSDS Packet Secondary Header Flag (always 1)</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="PKT_APID" parameterTypeRef="uint11">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CCSDS Packet Application Process ID</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="SEQ_FLGS" parameterTypeRef="uint2">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CCSDS Packet Grouping Flags (3=not part of group)</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="SRC_SEQ_CTR" parameterTypeRef="uint14">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CCSDS Packet Sequence Count (increments with each new packet)</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="PKT_LEN" parameterTypeRef="uint16">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CCSDS Packet Length (number of bytes after Packet length minus 1)</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<!-- CoDICE LO -->
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_SHCOARSE" parameterTypeRef="uint32">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO MET at End of Data Acquisition</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_ACQ" parameterTypeRef="uint32">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO MET at End of Data Acquisition</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_STATUS" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Status</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_COUNTER" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Counter</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_00" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_00</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_01" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_01</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_02" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_02</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_03" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_03</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_04" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_04</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_05" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_05</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_06" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_06</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_07" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_07</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_08" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_08</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_09" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_09</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_10" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_10</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_11" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_11</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_12" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_12</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_13" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_13</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_DATA_14" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Data_14</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<xtce:Parameter name="COD_LO_SPARE_0" parameterTypeRef="uint8">
+				<xtce:LongDescription>CODICE LO Spare 0</xtce:LongDescription>
+			</xtce:Parameter>
+			<!-- CoDICE LO -->
+		</xtce:ParameterSet>
+		<!-- End metadata -->
+		<xtce:ContainerSet>
+			<xtce:SequenceContainer name="CCSDSPacket" >
+				<xtce:EntryList>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="VERSION" />
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="TYPE" />
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="SEC_HDR_FLG" />
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="PKT_APID" />
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="SEQ_FLGS" />
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="SRC_SEQ_CTR" />
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="PKT_LEN" />
+				</xtce:EntryList>
+			</xtce:SequenceContainer>
+			<xtce:SequenceContainer name="IALiRTPacket">
+				<xtce:BaseContainer containerRef="CCSDSPacket">
+					<xtce:RestrictionCriteria>
+						<xtce:Comparison parameterRef="PKT_APID" value="1152" useCalibratedValue="false" />
+					</xtce:RestrictionCriteria>
+				</xtce:BaseContainer>
+				<xtce:EntryList>
+					<!-- CoDICE LO -->
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_SHCOARSE"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_ACQ"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_STATUS"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_COUNTER"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_00"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_01"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_02"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_03"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_04"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_05"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_06"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_07"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_08"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_09"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_10"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_11"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_12"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_13"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_DATA_14"/>
+					<xtce:ParameterRefEntry parameterRef="COD_LO_SPARE_0"/>
+					<!-- CoDICE LO -->
+				</xtce:EntryList>
+			</xtce:SequenceContainer>
+		</xtce:ContainerSet>
+	</xtce:TelemetryMetaData>
+</xtce:SpaceSystem>

imap_processing/ialirt/process_ephemeris.py

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+"""
+Find azimuth (degrees), elevation (degrees), and doppler shift (Hz).
+
+Based on ephemeris data and ground station location (longitude, latitude, altitude).
+
+Reference: https://spiceypy.readthedocs.io/en/main/documentation.html.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import typing
+from typing import Union
+
+import numpy as np
+import spiceypy as spice
+from numpy import ndarray
+
+from imap_processing.spice.geometry import SpiceBody
+from imap_processing.spice.kernels import ensure_spice
+from imap_processing.spice.time import et_to_utc, str_to_et
+
+# Logger setup
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@typing.no_type_check
+def calculate_doppler(
+    observation_time: Union[float, np.ndarray],
+) -> Union[int, ndarray[float]]:
+    """
+    Calculate the doppler shift. Placeholder for now.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    observation_time : float or np.ndarray
+        Time at which the state of the target relative to the observer
+        is to be computed. Expressed as ephemeris time, seconds past J2000 TDB.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    doppler : float or np.ndarray[float]
+        Doppler shift. Currently a throwaway value.
+    """
+    if isinstance(observation_time, np.ndarray):
+        return np.ones(len(observation_time), dtype=float)
+    else:
+        return 1
+
+
+@typing.no_type_check
+@ensure_spice
+def latitude_longitude_to_ecef(
+    longitude: float, latitude: float, altitude: float
+) -> ndarray:
+    """
+    Convert geodetic coordinates to rectangular coordinates.
+
+    Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinates are a Cartesian coordinate system
+    with an origin at the center of the Earth.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    longitude : float
+        Longitude in decimal degrees. Positive east of prime meridian, negative to west.
+    latitude : float
+        Latitude in decimal degrees. Positive north of equator, negative to south.
+    altitude : float
+        Altitude in kilometers.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    rect_coords : ndarray
+        Rectangular coordinates in kilometers.
+    """
+    latitude_radians = np.deg2rad(latitude)
+    longitude_radians = np.deg2rad(longitude)
+
+    # Retrieve Earth's radii from SPICE
+    # https://spiceypy.readthedocs.io/en/main/documentation.html#spiceypy.spiceypy.bod
+    # (url cont.) vrd
+    radii = spice.bodvrd("EARTH", "RADII", 3)[1]
+    equatorial_radius = radii[0]  # Equatorial radius in km
+    polar_radius = radii[2]  # Polar radius in km
+    flattening = (equatorial_radius - polar_radius) / equatorial_radius
+
+    # Convert geodetic coordinates to rectangular coordinates
+    # https://spiceypy.readthedocs.io/en/main/documentation.html#spiceypy.spiceypy.geo
+    # (url cont.) rec
+    rect_coords = spice.georec(
+        longitude_radians, latitude_radians, altitude, equatorial_radius, flattening
+    )
+
+    return rect_coords
+
+
+@typing.no_type_check
+@ensure_spice
+def calculate_azimuth_and_elevation(
+    longitude: float,
+    latitude: float,
+    altitude: float,
+    observation_time: Union[float, np.ndarray],
+    target: SpiceBody = SpiceBody.IMAP.name,
+) -> tuple:
+    """
+    Calculate azimuth and elevation.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    longitude : float
+        Longitude in decimal degrees. Positive east of prime meridian,
+        negative to west.
+    latitude : float
+        Latitude in decimal degrees. Positive north of equator, negative
+        to south.
+    altitude : float
+        Altitude in kilometers.
+    observation_time : float or np.ndarray
+        Time at which the state of the target relative to the observer
+        is to be computed. Expressed as ephemeris time, seconds past J2000 TDB.
+    target : str (Optional)
+        The target body. Default is "IMAP".
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    azimuth : np.ndarray
+        Azimuth in degrees.
+    elevation : np.ndarray
+        Elevation in degrees.
+    """
+    observer_position_ecef = latitude_longitude_to_ecef(longitude, latitude, altitude)
+
+    if not isinstance(observation_time, np.ndarray):
+        observation_time = [observation_time]
+
+    azimuth = []
+    elevation = []
+
+    # https://spiceypy.readthedocs.io/en/main/documentation.html#spiceypy.spiceypy.azlcpo
+    for timestamp in observation_time:
+        azel_results = spice.azlcpo(
+            method="Ellipsoid",  # Only method supported
+            target=target,  # target ephemeris object
+            et=timestamp,  # time of observation
+            abcorr="LT+S",  # Aberration correction
+            azccw=False,  # Azimuth measured clockwise from the positive y-axis
+            elplsz=True,  # Elevation increases from the XY plane toward +Z
+            obspos=observer_position_ecef,  # observer pos. to center of motion
+            obsctr="EARTH",  # Name of the center of motion
+            obsref="IAU_EARTH",  # Body-fixed, body-centered reference frame wrt
+            # observer's center
+        )
+        azimuth.append(np.rad2deg(azel_results[0][1]))
+        elevation.append(np.rad2deg(azel_results[0][2]))
+
+    # TODO: potentially use the velocity components returned from azlcpo to
+    # TODO: calculate doppler
+
+    return np.asarray(azimuth), np.asarray(elevation)
+
+
+def build_output(
+    longitude: float,
+    latitude: float,
+    altitude: float,
+    time_endpoints: tuple[str, str],
+    time_step: float,
+) -> dict[str, np.ndarray]:
+    """
+    Build the output dictionary containing time, azimuth, elevation, and doppler.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    longitude : float
+        Longitude in decimal degrees. Positive east of prime meridian, negative to west.
+    latitude : float
+        Latitude in decimal degrees. Positive north of equator, negative to south.
+    altitude : float
+        Altitude in kilometers.
+    time_endpoints : tuple[str, str]
+        Start and stop times in UTC.
+    time_step : float
+        Seconds between data points.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    output_dict: dict[str, np.ndarray]
+        Keys are time, azimuth, elevation and doppler. Values are calculated for every
+        timestamp between start_utc_input and stop_utc_input, spaced by time_step.
+    """
+    output_dict: dict[str, np.ndarray] = {}
+
+    start_et_input = str_to_et(time_endpoints[0])
+    stop_et_input = str_to_et(time_endpoints[1])
+    time_range = np.arange(start_et_input, stop_et_input, time_step)
+
+    # For now, assume that kernel management will be handled by ensure spice
+    # for obs_time in np.arange(start_et_input, stop_et_input, time_step):
+    azimuth, elevation = calculate_azimuth_and_elevation(
+        longitude, latitude, altitude, time_range
+    )
+
+    output_dict["time"] = et_to_utc(time_range, format_str="ISOC")
+    output_dict["azimuth"] = azimuth
+    output_dict["elevation"] = elevation
+    output_dict["doppler"] = calculate_doppler(time_range)
+
+    logger.info(
+        f"Calculated azimuth, elevation and doppler for time range from "
+        f"{start_et_input} to {stop_et_input}."
+    )
+
+    return output_dict