homesec 0.1.1__py3-none-any.whl → 1.0.0__py3-none-any.whl

homesec/plugins/storage/dropbox.py

@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path, PurePosixPath
 from typing import BinaryIO
+
 import dropbox  # type: ignore
 
+from homesec.interfaces import StorageBackend
 from homesec.models.config import DropboxStorageConfig
 from homesec.models.storage import StorageUploadResult
-from homesec.interfaces import StorageBackend
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -20,10 +21,10 @@ CHUNK_SIZE = 4 * 1024 * 1024
 
 class DropboxStorage(StorageBackend):
     """Dropbox storage backend.
-    
+
     Uses dropbox SDK for file operations.
     Implements idempotent uploads with overwrite mode.
-    
+
     Supports two auth modes:
     1. Simple token: Set DROPBOX_TOKEN env var
     2. Refresh token flow: Set DROPBOX_APP_KEY, DROPBOX_APP_SECRET, DROPBOX_REFRESH_TOKEN
@@ -31,10 +32,10 @@ class DropboxStorage(StorageBackend):
 
     def __init__(self, config: DropboxStorageConfig) -> None:
         """Initialize Dropbox storage with config validation.
-        
+
         Required config:
             root: Root path in Dropbox (e.g., /homecam)
-            
+
         Optional config:
             token_env: Env var name for simple token auth (default: DROPBOX_TOKEN)
             app_key_env: Env var name for app key (default: DROPBOX_APP_KEY)
@@ -44,16 +45,16 @@ class DropboxStorage(StorageBackend):
         """
         self.root = str(config.root).rstrip("/")
         self.web_url_prefix = str(config.web_url_prefix)
-        
+
         # Initialize Dropbox client using env vars
         self.client = self._create_client(config)
         self._shutdown_called = False
-        
+
         logger.info("DropboxStorage initialized: root=%s", self.root)
 
     def _create_client(self, config: DropboxStorageConfig) -> dropbox.Dropbox:
         """Create Dropbox client from env vars.
-        
+
         Tries simple token first, then falls back to refresh token flow.
         """
         # Try simple token auth first
@@ -62,16 +63,16 @@ class DropboxStorage(StorageBackend):
         if token:
             logger.info("Using Dropbox simple token auth")
             return dropbox.Dropbox(token)
-        
+
         # Try refresh token flow
         app_key_var = str(config.app_key_env)
         app_secret_var = str(config.app_secret_env)
         refresh_token_var = str(config.refresh_token_env)
-        
+
         app_key = os.getenv(app_key_var)
         app_secret = os.getenv(app_secret_var)
         refresh_token = os.getenv(refresh_token_var)
-        
+
         if app_key and app_secret and refresh_token:
             logger.info("Using Dropbox refresh token auth")
             return dropbox.Dropbox(
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ class DropboxStorage(StorageBackend):
                 app_secret=app_secret,
                 oauth2_refresh_token=refresh_token,
             )
-        
+
         raise ValueError(
             f"Missing Dropbox credentials. Set {token_var} or "
             f"({app_key_var}, {app_secret_var}, {refresh_token_var})."
@@ -150,13 +151,13 @@ class DropboxStorage(StorageBackend):
     async def get(self, storage_uri: str, local_path: Path) -> None:
         """Download file from Dropbox."""
         self._ensure_open()
-        
+
         # Parse storage_uri
         if not storage_uri.startswith("dropbox:"):
             raise ValueError(f"Invalid storage_uri: {storage_uri}")
-        
+
         remote_path = storage_uri[8:]  # Strip "dropbox:"
-        
+
         # Run blocking download in executor
         await asyncio.to_thread(self._download_file, remote_path, local_path)
 
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ class DropboxStorage(StorageBackend):
         _ = timeout
         if self._shutdown_called:
             return
-        
+
         self._shutdown_called = True
         logger.info("DropboxStorage closed")
 
@@ -247,9 +248,11 @@ class DropboxStorage(StorageBackend):
 
 # Plugin registration
 from typing import cast
+
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from homesec.plugins.storage import StoragePlugin, storage_plugin
+
 from homesec.interfaces import StorageBackend
+from homesec.plugins.storage import StoragePlugin, storage_plugin
 
 
 @storage_plugin(name="dropbox")

homesec/plugins/storage/local.py

@@ -83,9 +83,11 @@ class LocalStorage(StorageBackend):
 
 # Plugin registration
 from typing import cast
+
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from homesec.plugins.storage import StoragePlugin, storage_plugin
+
 from homesec.interfaces import StorageBackend
+from homesec.plugins.storage import StoragePlugin, storage_plugin
 
 
 @storage_plugin(name="local")

homesec/plugins/utils.py

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from importlib import metadata
-from typing import Iterable, TypeVar, cast
+from typing import TypeVar, cast
 
 PluginT = TypeVar("PluginT")
 

homesec/repository/clip_repository.py

@@ -4,16 +4,17 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
 import logging
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
 from datetime import datetime
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Awaitable, Callable, TypeVar
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, TypeVar
 
 from homesec.models.clip import Clip, ClipStateData
 from homesec.models.config import RetryConfig
 from homesec.models.events import (
     AlertDecisionMadeEvent,
     ClipDeletedEvent,
-    ClipRecheckedEvent,
     ClipLifecycleEvent,
+    ClipRecheckedEvent,
     ClipRecordedEvent,
     FilterCompletedEvent,
     FilterFailedEvent,
@@ -25,16 +26,16 @@ from homesec.models.events import (
     UploadStartedEvent,
     VLMCompletedEvent,
     VLMFailedEvent,
-    VLMStartedEvent,
     VLMSkippedEvent,
+    VLMStartedEvent,
 )
 from homesec.state.postgres import is_retryable_pg_error
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from homesec.interfaces import EventStore, StateStore
     from homesec.models.alert import AlertDecision
     from homesec.models.filter import FilterResult
     from homesec.models.vlm import AnalysisResult
-    from homesec.interfaces import EventStore, StateStore
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 

homesec/sources/base.py

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ import asyncio
 import logging
 import time
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from threading import Event, Thread
-from typing import Callable
 
-from homesec.models.clip import Clip
 from homesec.interfaces import ClipSource
+from homesec.models.clip import Clip
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 

homesec/sources/local_folder.py

@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@ import asyncio
 import logging
 import time
 from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Callable, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from anyio import Path as AsyncPath
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ class LocalFolderSource(AsyncClipSource):
         self,
         config: LocalFolderSourceConfig,
         camera_name: str = "local",
-        state_store: "StateStore | None" = None,
+        state_store: StateStore | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Initialize folder watcher.
 
@@ -61,8 +62,11 @@ class LocalFolderSource(AsyncClipSource):
         self._seen_files: OrderedDict[str, None] = OrderedDict()
         self._max_seen_files = 10000
 
-        logger.info("LocalFolderSource initialized: watch_dir=%s, has_state_store=%s",
-                   self.watch_dir, state_store is not None)
+        logger.info(
+            "LocalFolderSource initialized: watch_dir=%s, has_state_store=%s",
+            self.watch_dir,
+            state_store is not None,
+        )
 
     def register_callback(self, callback: Callable[[Clip], None]) -> None:
         """Register callback to be invoked when new clip is ready."""
@@ -163,9 +167,7 @@ class LocalFolderSource(AsyncClipSource):
 
             # Sleep before next poll
             try:
-                await asyncio.wait_for(
-                    self._stop_event.wait(), timeout=self.poll_interval
-                )
+                await asyncio.wait_for(self._stop_event.wait(), timeout=self.poll_interval)
             except asyncio.TimeoutError:
                 pass  # Normal - just means poll_interval elapsed
 

homesec/sources/rtsp.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from typing import Any, cast
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
 import numpy.typing as npt
+
 from homesec.models.clip import Clip
 from homesec.models.source import RTSPSourceConfig
 from homesec.sources.base import ThreadedClipSource
@@ -386,9 +387,7 @@ class RTSPSource(ThreadedClipSource):
         try:
             return shlex.join([str(x) for x in cmd])
         except Exception as exc:
-            logger.warning(
-                "Failed to format command with shlex.join: %s", exc, exc_info=True
-            )
+            logger.warning("Failed to format command with shlex.join: %s", exc, exc_info=True)
             return " ".join([str(x) for x in cmd])
 
     def detect_motion(self, frame: npt.NDArray[np.uint8]) -> bool:
@@ -469,7 +468,7 @@ class RTSPSource(ThreadedClipSource):
 
             if log_file:
                 try:
-                    with open(log_file, "r") as f:
+                    with open(log_file) as f:
                         error_lines = f.read()
                         if error_lines:
                             logger.warning("Recording error log:\n%s", error_lines[-1000:])
@@ -572,7 +571,7 @@ class RTSPSource(ThreadedClipSource):
                 logger.error("Recording process died immediately (exit code: %s)", proc.returncode)
                 logger.error("Check logs at: %s", stderr_log)
                 try:
-                    with open(stderr_log, "r") as f:
+                    with open(stderr_log) as f:
                         error_lines = f.read()
                     if error_lines:
                         logger.error("Error output: %s", error_lines[:500])
@@ -832,7 +831,9 @@ class RTSPSource(ThreadedClipSource):
             except Exception as exc:
                 logger.warning("Failed to close stderr log: %s", exc, exc_info=True)
             stderr_tail = _read_tail(stderr_log)
-            logger.error("Frame pipeline died immediately (%s, exit code: %s)", label, process.returncode)
+            logger.error(
+                "Frame pipeline died immediately (%s, exit code: %s)", label, process.returncode
+            )
             if stderr_tail:
                 logger.error("Frame pipeline stderr tail (%s):\n%s", label, stderr_tail)
             process = None
@@ -841,7 +842,9 @@ class RTSPSource(ThreadedClipSource):
 
         raise RuntimeError("Frame pipeline failed to start")
 
-    def _stop_process(self, proc: subprocess.Popen[bytes], name: str, terminate_timeout_s: float) -> None:
+    def _stop_process(
+        self, proc: subprocess.Popen[bytes], name: str, terminate_timeout_s: float
+    ) -> None:
         if proc.poll() is not None:
             return
         try:
@@ -890,7 +893,9 @@ class RTSPSource(ThreadedClipSource):
     def _start_frame_pipeline(self) -> None:
         self._stop_frame_pipeline()
 
-        self.frame_pipe, self._frame_pipe_stderr, self._frame_width, self._frame_height = self.get_frame_pipe()
+        self.frame_pipe, self._frame_pipe_stderr, self._frame_width, self._frame_height = (
+            self.get_frame_pipe()
+        )
         self._frame_size = int(self._frame_width) * int(self._frame_height)
         self._frame_queue = Queue(maxsize=self.frame_queue_size)
         self._frame_reader_stop = Event()
@@ -1168,13 +1173,20 @@ class RTSPSource(ThreadedClipSource):
                         self.recording_process is not None,
                     )
                     if self.frame_pipe and self.frame_pipe.poll() is not None:
-                        logger.error("Frame pipeline died! Exit code: %s", self.frame_pipe.returncode)
+                        logger.error(
+                            "Frame pipeline died! Exit code: %s", self.frame_pipe.returncode
+                        )
                         break
                     last_heartbeat = time.monotonic()
 
                 frame_count += 1
 
-                if not self._frame_queue or not self._frame_width or not self._frame_height or not self._frame_size:
+                if (
+                    not self._frame_queue
+                    or not self._frame_width
+                    or not self._frame_height
+                    or not self._frame_size
+                ):
                     break
 
                 try:

homesec/state/postgres.py

@@ -19,33 +19,36 @@ from sqlalchemy import (
     or_,
     select,
 )
-from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import JSONB, insert as pg_insert
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import JSONB
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import insert as pg_insert
 from sqlalchemy.exc import DBAPIError, OperationalError
-from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncConnection, AsyncEngine, create_async_engine
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncEngine, create_async_engine
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
 
+from homesec.interfaces import EventStore, StateStore
 from homesec.models.clip import ClipStateData
 from homesec.models.events import (
+    AlertDecisionMadeEvent,
     ClipDeletedEvent,
-    ClipRecheckedEvent,
-    ClipEvent as ClipEventModel,
     ClipLifecycleEvent,
+    ClipRecheckedEvent,
     ClipRecordedEvent,
-    UploadStartedEvent,
-    UploadCompletedEvent,
-    UploadFailedEvent,
-    FilterStartedEvent,
     FilterCompletedEvent,
     FilterFailedEvent,
-    VLMStartedEvent,
+    FilterStartedEvent,
+    NotificationFailedEvent,
+    NotificationSentEvent,
+    UploadCompletedEvent,
+    UploadFailedEvent,
+    UploadStartedEvent,
     VLMCompletedEvent,
     VLMFailedEvent,
     VLMSkippedEvent,
-    AlertDecisionMadeEvent,
-    NotificationSentEvent,
-    NotificationFailedEvent,
+    VLMStartedEvent,
+)
+from homesec.models.events import (
+    ClipEvent as ClipEventModel,
 )
-from homesec.interfaces import EventStore, StateStore
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -75,6 +78,7 @@ class Base(DeclarativeBase):
 
 class ClipState(Base):
     """Current state snapshot (lightweight, fast queries)."""
+
     __tablename__ = "clip_states"
 
     clip_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text, primary_key=True)
@@ -99,6 +103,7 @@ class ClipState(Base):
 
 class ClipEvent(Base):
     """Event history (append-only audit log)."""
+
     __tablename__ = "clip_events"
 
     id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(BigInteger, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
@@ -122,7 +127,6 @@ class ClipEvent(Base):
     )
 
 
-
 def _normalize_async_dsn(dsn: str) -> str:
     if "+asyncpg" in dsn:
         return dsn
@@ -135,14 +139,14 @@ def _normalize_async_dsn(dsn: str) -> str:
 
 class PostgresStateStore(StateStore):
     """Postgres implementation of StateStore interface.
-    
+
     Implements graceful degradation: operations return None/False
     instead of raising when DB is unavailable.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, dsn: str) -> None:
         """Initialize state store.
-        
+
         Args:
             dsn: Postgres connection string (e.g., "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@host/db")
         """
@@ -150,8 +154,10 @@ class PostgresStateStore(StateStore):
         self._engine: AsyncEngine | None = None
 
     async def initialize(self) -> bool:
-        """Initialize connection pool and create table if not exists.
-        
+        """Initialize connection pool.
+
+        Note: Tables are created via alembic migrations, not here.
+
         Returns:
             True if initialization succeeded, False otherwise
         """
@@ -162,26 +168,21 @@ class PostgresStateStore(StateStore):
                 pool_size=5,
                 max_overflow=0,
             )
-            async with self._engine.begin() as conn:
-                await self._create_tables(conn)
+            # Verify connection works
+            async with self._engine.connect() as conn:
+                await conn.execute(select(1))
             logger.info("PostgresStateStore initialized successfully")
             return True
         except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(
-                "Failed to initialize PostgresStateStore: %s", e, exc_info=True
-            )
+            logger.error("Failed to initialize PostgresStateStore: %s", e, exc_info=True)
             if self._engine is not None:
                 await self._engine.dispose()
             self._engine = None
             return False
 
-    async def _create_tables(self, conn: AsyncConnection) -> None:
-        """Create all tables (clip_states + clip_events)."""
-        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
-
     async def upsert(self, clip_id: str, data: ClipStateData) -> None:
         """Insert or update clip state.
-        
+
         Raises on execution errors so callers can retry/log appropriately.
         """
         if self._engine is None:
@@ -264,8 +265,7 @@ class PostgresStateStore(StateStore):
             conditions.append(camera_expr == camera_name)
         if older_than_days is not None:
             conditions.append(
-                ClipState.created_at
-                < func.now() - func.make_interval(days=int(older_than_days))
+                ClipState.created_at < func.now() - func.make_interval(days=int(older_than_days))
             )
 
         if cursor is not None:
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ class PostgresStateStore(StateStore):
 
     async def ping(self) -> bool:
         """Health check.
-        
+
         Returns True if database is reachable, False otherwise.
         """
         if self._engine is None:
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class PostgresStateStore(StateStore):
         """Parse JSONB payload from SQLAlchemy into a dict."""
         return _parse_jsonb_payload(raw)
 
-    def create_event_store(self) -> "PostgresEventStore | NoopEventStore":
+    def create_event_store(self) -> PostgresEventStore | NoopEventStore:
         """Create a Postgres-backed event store or a no-op fallback."""
         if self._engine is None:
             return NoopEventStore()
@@ -427,9 +427,8 @@ class PostgresEventStore(EventStore):
     ) -> list[ClipLifecycleEvent]:
         """Get all events for a clip, optionally after an event id."""
         try:
-            query = (
-                select(ClipEvent.id, ClipEvent.event_type, ClipEvent.event_data)
-                .where(ClipEvent.clip_id == clip_id)
+            query = select(ClipEvent.id, ClipEvent.event_type, ClipEvent.event_data).where(
+                ClipEvent.clip_id == clip_id
             )
             if after_id is not None:
                 query = query.where(ClipEvent.id > after_id)

homesec/telemetry/db_log_handler.py

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ from homesec.telemetry.db.log_table import logs
 from homesec.telemetry.db.log_table import metadata as db_metadata
 from homesec.telemetry.postgres_settings import PostgresConfig
 
-
 _STANDARD_LOGRECORD_ATTRS = {
     "name",
     "msg",
@@ -168,7 +167,9 @@ class AsyncPostgresJsonLogHandler(logging.Handler):
                     pass
             self._drop_count += 1
             if self._drop_count % 100 == 1:
-                sys.stderr.write(f"[db-log] queue full; dropping logs (dropped={self._drop_count})\n")
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    f"[db-log] queue full; dropping logs (dropped={self._drop_count})\n"
+                )
 
     def _drain_batch(self) -> list[_DbRow]:
         batch: list[_DbRow] = []

{homesec-0.1.1.dist-info → homesec-1.0.0.dist-info}/METADATA

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.4
 Name: homesec
-Version: 0.1.1
+Version: 1.0.0
 Summary: Pluggable async home security camera pipeline with detection, VLM analysis, and alerts.
 Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/lan17/homesec
 Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/lan17/homesec
@@ -247,11 +247,9 @@ Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
 [![Python: 3.10+](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.10%2B-blue)](https://www.python.org/)
 [![Typing: Typed](https://img.shields.io/badge/typing-typed-2b825b)](https://peps.python.org/pep-0561/)
 
-HomeSec is a pluggable, async pipeline for home security cameras. It records
-short clips, runs object detection, optionally calls a vision-language model
-(VLM) for a structured summary, and sends alerts via MQTT or email. The design
-leans toward reliability: clips land on disk first, state/event writes are
-best-effort, and non-critical stages can fail without losing the alert.
+HomeSec is a self-hosted, extensible network video recorder that puts you in control. Store clips wherever you want, analyze them with AI, and get smart notifications—all while keeping your footage private and off third-party clouds.
+
+Under the hood, it's a pluggable async pipeline for home security cameras. It records short clips, runs object detection, optionally calls a vision-language model (VLM) for a structured summary, and sends alerts via MQTT or email. The design leans toward reliability: clips land on disk first, state/event writes are best-effort, and non-critical stages can fail without losing the alert.
 
 ## Highlights
 
@@ -278,32 +276,42 @@ ClipSource -> (Upload + Filter) -> VLM (optional) -> Alert Policy -> Notifier(s)
 
 ### Requirements
 
-- Python 3.10+ (newest available is best; 3.14 is fine if your deps support it)
-- ffmpeg in PATH (required for RTSP source)
-- Postgres for state/events (`make db-up` starts a local instance). The pipeline
-  continues if the DB is down, but a DSN is still required.
+- Docker and Docker Compose
 - Optional: MQTT broker, Dropbox credentials, OpenAI-compatible API key
 
 ### Setup
 
-1. Install dependencies:
-   `uv sync`
-2. Create a config file:
-   - Start from `config/example.yaml` or `config/sample.yaml`
-3. Set environment variables (use `.env.example` as a template):
-   `cp .env.example .env`
-4. Start Postgres:
-   `make db-up`
-5. Validate config:
-   `uv run python -m homesec.cli validate --config config/example.yaml`
-6. Run:
-   `uv run python -m homesec.cli run --config config/example.yaml --log_level INFO`
-
-Tip: `make homesec` loads `.env` and runs `config/production.yaml`.
+1. Create a config file:
+   ```bash
+   cp config/example.yaml config/config.yaml
+   # Edit config/config.yaml with your settings
+   ```
+2. Set environment variables:
+   ```bash
+   cp .env.example .env
+   # Edit .env with your credentials
+   ```
+3. Start HomeSec + Postgres:
+   ```bash
+   make up
+   ```
+4. Stop:
+   ```bash
+   make down
+   ```
+
+### Running without Docker
+
+If you prefer to run locally:
+
+1. Install Python 3.10+ and ffmpeg
+2. `uv sync`
+3. `make db` (starts Postgres)
+4. `make run`
 
 ## Configuration
 
-Configs are YAML and validated with Pydantic. Start with any file in `config/`.
+Configs are YAML and validated with Pydantic. See `config/example.yaml` for all options.
 
 Minimal example (RTSP + Dropbox + MQTT):
 
@@ -363,8 +371,8 @@ per_camera_alert:
 A few things worth knowing:
 - Secrets never go in YAML. Use env var names (`*_env`) and set values in your shell or `.env`.
 - At least one notifier must be enabled (`mqtt` or `sendgrid_email`).
-- Built-in YOLO classes: `person`, `bird`, `cat`, `dog`, `horse`, `sheep`, `cow`,
-  `elephant`, `bear`, `zebra`, `giraffe`.
+- Built-in YOLO classes: `person`, `car`, `truck`, `motorcycle`, `bicycle`,
+  `dog`, `cat`, `bird`, `backpack`, `handbag`, `suitcase`.
 - Local storage for development:
 
 ```yaml
@@ -402,11 +410,11 @@ Extension points (all pluggable):
 ## CLI
 
 - Run the pipeline:
-  `uv run python -m homesec.cli run --config config/example.yaml --log_level INFO`
+  `uv run python -m homesec.cli run --config config/config.yaml --log_level INFO`
 - Validate config:
-  `uv run python -m homesec.cli validate --config config/example.yaml`
+  `uv run python -m homesec.cli validate --config config/config.yaml`
 - Cleanup (reanalyze and optionally delete empty clips):
-  `uv run python -m homesec.cli cleanup --config config/example.yaml --older_than_days 7 --dry_run True`
+  `uv run python -m homesec.cli cleanup --config config/config.yaml --older_than_days 7 --dry_run True`
 
 ## Built-in plugins
 
@@ -457,7 +465,7 @@ my_filters = "my_package.filters.custom"
 
 - Health endpoint: `GET /health` (configurable in `health.host`/`health.port`)
 - Optional telemetry logs to Postgres when `DB_DSN` is set:
-  - Start local DB: `make db-up`
+  - Start local DB: `make db`
   - Run migrations: `make db-migrate`
 
 ## Development