hestia-earth-models 0.61.6__py3-none-any.whl → 0.61.8__py3-none-any.whl

tests/models/ipcc2019/test_organicCarbonPerHa_tier_1_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+from itertools import product
+import json
+from numpy import array
+from numpy.testing import assert_array_almost_equal
+from pytest import mark
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+from hestia_earth.models.ipcc2019.organicCarbonPerHa import MODEL, TERM_ID
+from hestia_earth.models.ipcc2019.organicCarbonPerHa_utils import (
+    EcoClimateZone, IpccCarbonInputCategory, IpccLandUseCategory, IpccManagementCategory,
+    IpccSoilCategory, sample_constant, sample_plus_minus_error, sample_plus_minus_uncertainty
+)
+from hestia_earth.models.ipcc2019.organicCarbonPerHa_tier_1_utils import (
+    _assign_ipcc_carbon_input_category, _assign_ipcc_land_use_category, _assign_ipcc_management_category,
+    _assign_ipcc_soil_category, _calc_missing_equilibrium_years, _calc_regime_start_years, _calc_soc_stocks,
+    _check_cropland_low_category, _check_cropland_medium_category, _get_carbon_input_kwargs, _get_sample_func,
+    _get_soc_ref_preview, _InventoryKey, _sample_parameter, _EXCLUDED_ECO_CLIMATE_ZONES
+)
+
+from tests.utils import fixtures_path
+
+class_path = f"hestia_earth.models.{MODEL}.{TERM_ID}_tier_1_utils"
+utils_path = f"hestia_earth.models.{MODEL}.{TERM_ID}_utils"
+term_path = "hestia_earth.models.utils.term"
+property_path = "hestia_earth.models.utils.property"
+
+fixtures_folder = f"{fixtures_path}/{MODEL}/{TERM_ID}"
+
+ITERATIONS = 1000
+
+COVER_CROP_PROPERTY_TERM_IDS = [
+    "catchCrop",
+    "coverCrop",
+    "groundCover",
+    "longFallowCrop",
+    "shortFallowCrop"
+]
+
+IRRIGATED_TERM_IDS = [
+    "rainfedDeepWater",
+    "rainfedDeepWaterWaterDepth100Cm",
+    "rainfedDeepWaterWaterDepth50100Cm",
+    "irrigatedTypeUnspecified",
+    "irrigatedCenterPivotIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedContinuouslyFlooded",
+    "irrigatedDripIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedFurrowIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedLateralMoveIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedLocalizedIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedManualIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedSurfaceIrrigationMultipleDrainagePeriods",
+    "irrigatedSurfaceIrrigationSingleDrainagePeriod",
+    "irrigatedSprinklerIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedSubIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedSurfaceIrrigationDrainageRegimeUnspecified"
+]
+
+RESIDUE_REMOVED_OR_BURNT_TERM_IDS = [
+    "residueBurnt",
+    "residueRemoved"
+]
+
+UPLAND_RICE_LAND_COVER_TERM_IDS = [
+    "ricePlantUpland"
+]
+
+
+# kwargs, sample_func, expected_shape
+PARAMS_GET_SAMPLE_FUNC = [
+    ({"value": 1}, sample_constant),
+    ({"value": 1, "error": 10}, sample_plus_minus_error),
+    ({"value": 1, "uncertainty": 10}, sample_plus_minus_uncertainty)
+]
+IDS_GET_SAMPLE_FUNC = ["constant", "+/- error", "+/- uncertainty"]
+
+
+@mark.parametrize("kwargs, sample_func", PARAMS_GET_SAMPLE_FUNC, ids=IDS_GET_SAMPLE_FUNC)
+def test_get_sample_func(kwargs, sample_func):
+    result = _get_sample_func(kwargs)
+    assert result == sample_func
+
+
+SOC_REF_PARAMS = [p for p in product(IpccSoilCategory, EcoClimateZone) if _get_soc_ref_preview(*p)]
+FACTOR_PARAMS = list(product(
+    [c for c in IpccLandUseCategory] + [c for c in IpccManagementCategory] + [c for c in IpccCarbonInputCategory],
+    [e for e in EcoClimateZone if e not in _EXCLUDED_ECO_CLIMATE_ZONES]
+))
+
+# ipcc_category, eco_climate_zone
+PARAMS_SAMPLE_PARAMETER = SOC_REF_PARAMS + FACTOR_PARAMS
+IDS_SAMPLE_PARAMETER = [f"{p[0]} + {p[1].name}" for p in PARAMS_SAMPLE_PARAMETER]
+
+
+@mark.parametrize("ipcc_category, eco_climate_zone", PARAMS_SAMPLE_PARAMETER, ids=IDS_SAMPLE_PARAMETER)
+def test_sample_parameter(ipcc_category, eco_climate_zone):
+    """
+    Check that every combination of parameter and eco_climate_zone can be sampled without raising an error.
+    """
+    EXPECTED_SHAPE = (1, ITERATIONS)
+    result = _sample_parameter(ITERATIONS, ipcc_category, eco_climate_zone)
+    assert result.shape == EXPECTED_SHAPE
+
+
+# subfolder, expected
+SOIL_CATEGORY_PARAMS = [
+    ("fractional", IpccSoilCategory.WETLAND_SOILS),
+    ("no-measurements", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS),
+    ("sandy-override", IpccSoilCategory.SANDY_SOILS),
+    ("soilType/hac", IpccSoilCategory.HIGH_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS),
+    ("soilType/lac", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS),
+    ("soilType/org", IpccSoilCategory.ORGANIC_SOILS),
+    ("soilType/pod", IpccSoilCategory.SPODIC_SOILS),
+    ("soilType/san", IpccSoilCategory.SANDY_SOILS),
+    ("soilType/vol", IpccSoilCategory.VOLCANIC_SOILS),
+    ("soilType/wet", IpccSoilCategory.WETLAND_SOILS),
+    ("usdaSoilType/hac", IpccSoilCategory.HIGH_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS),
+    ("usdaSoilType/lac", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS),
+    ("usdaSoilType/org", IpccSoilCategory.ORGANIC_SOILS),
+    ("usdaSoilType/pod", IpccSoilCategory.SPODIC_SOILS),
+    ("usdaSoilType/san", IpccSoilCategory.SANDY_SOILS),
+    ("usdaSoilType/vol", IpccSoilCategory.VOLCANIC_SOILS),
+    ("usdaSoilType/wet", IpccSoilCategory.WETLAND_SOILS)
+]
+
+
+@mark.parametrize(
+    "subfolder, expected",
+    SOIL_CATEGORY_PARAMS,
+    ids=[params[0] for params in SOIL_CATEGORY_PARAMS]
+)
+def test_assign_ipcc_soil_category(subfolder: str, expected: IpccSoilCategory):
+    folder = f"{fixtures_folder}/IpccSoilCategory/{subfolder}"
+
+    with open(f"{folder}/site.jsonld", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        site = json.load(f)
+
+    result = _assign_ipcc_soil_category(site.get("measurements", []))
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+# subfolder, soil_category, expected
+LAND_USE_CATEGORY_PARAMS = [
+    ("annual-crops", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS, IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS),
+    ("annual-crops-wet", IpccSoilCategory.WETLAND_SOILS, IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS_WET),
+    ("forest", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS, IpccLandUseCategory.FOREST),
+    ("fractional", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS, IpccLandUseCategory.PERENNIAL_CROPS),
+    ("grassland", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS, IpccLandUseCategory.GRASSLAND),
+    ("irrigated-upland-rice", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS, IpccLandUseCategory.PADDY_RICE_CULTIVATION),
+    ("native", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS, IpccLandUseCategory.NATIVE),
+    ("other", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS, IpccLandUseCategory.OTHER),
+    ("paddy-rice-cultivation", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS, IpccLandUseCategory.PADDY_RICE_CULTIVATION),
+    ("perennial-crops", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS, IpccLandUseCategory.PERENNIAL_CROPS),
+    ("set-aside", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS, IpccLandUseCategory.SET_ASIDE),
+    ("set-aside-override", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS, IpccLandUseCategory.SET_ASIDE),
+    ("upland-rice", IpccSoilCategory.LOW_ACTIVITY_CLAY_SOILS, IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS),
+]
+
+
+@mark.parametrize(
+    "subfolder, soil_category, expected",
+    LAND_USE_CATEGORY_PARAMS,
+    ids=[params[0] for params in LAND_USE_CATEGORY_PARAMS]
+)
+@patch(f"{term_path}.search")
+@patch(f"{utils_path}.get_upland_rice_land_cover_terms", return_value=UPLAND_RICE_LAND_COVER_TERM_IDS)
+@patch(f"{utils_path}.get_irrigated_terms", return_value=IRRIGATED_TERM_IDS)
+def test_assign_ipcc_land_use_category(
+    mock_get_irrigated_terms: MagicMock,
+    mock_get_upland_rice_land_cover_terms: MagicMock,
+    mock_search: MagicMock,
+    subfolder: str,
+    soil_category: IpccSoilCategory,
+    expected: IpccLandUseCategory
+):
+    folder = f"{fixtures_folder}/IpccLandUseCategory/{subfolder}"
+
+    with open(f"{folder}/site.jsonld", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        site = json.load(f)
+
+    result = _assign_ipcc_land_use_category(site.get("management", []), soil_category)
+
+    # Ensure that API calls to retrieve term IDs are properly cached.
+    mock_get_irrigated_terms.call_count <= 1
+    mock_get_upland_rice_land_cover_terms.call_count <= 1
+
+    mock_search.assert_not_called()  # Ensure that the term utils are properly mocked.
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+# subfolder, land_use_category, expected
+MANAGEMENT_CATEGORY_PARAMS = [
+    ("fractional-annual-crops", IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS, IpccManagementCategory.REDUCED_TILLAGE),
+    ("fractional-annual-crops-wet", IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS_WET, IpccManagementCategory.REDUCED_TILLAGE),
+    ("fractional-grassland", IpccLandUseCategory.GRASSLAND, IpccManagementCategory.IMPROVED_GRASSLAND),
+    ("full-tillage", IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS, IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE),
+    ("high-intensity-grazing", IpccLandUseCategory.GRASSLAND, IpccManagementCategory.HIGH_INTENSITY_GRAZING),
+    ("improved-grassland", IpccLandUseCategory.GRASSLAND, IpccManagementCategory.IMPROVED_GRASSLAND),
+    ("no-management/annual-crops", IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS, IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE),
+    ("no-management/annual-crops-wet", IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS_WET, IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE),
+    ("no-management/grassland", IpccLandUseCategory.GRASSLAND, IpccManagementCategory.NOMINALLY_MANAGED),
+    ("no-tillage", IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS, IpccManagementCategory.NO_TILLAGE),
+    ("nominally-managed", IpccLandUseCategory.GRASSLAND, IpccManagementCategory.NOMINALLY_MANAGED),
+    ("other", IpccLandUseCategory.OTHER, IpccManagementCategory.OTHER),
+    ("reduced-tillage", IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS, IpccManagementCategory.REDUCED_TILLAGE),
+    ("severely-degraded", IpccLandUseCategory.GRASSLAND, IpccManagementCategory.SEVERELY_DEGRADED),
+]
+
+
+@mark.parametrize(
+    "subfolder, land_use_category, expected",
+    MANAGEMENT_CATEGORY_PARAMS,
+    ids=[params[0] for params in MANAGEMENT_CATEGORY_PARAMS]
+)
+def test_assign_ipcc_management_category(
+    subfolder: str, land_use_category: IpccLandUseCategory, expected: IpccManagementCategory
+):
+    folder = f"{fixtures_folder}/IpccManagementCategory/{subfolder}"
+
+    with open(f"{folder}/site.jsonld", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        site = json.load(f)
+
+    result = _assign_ipcc_management_category(site.get("management", []), land_use_category)
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+@mark.parametrize("key", [1, 2, 3, 4], ids=lambda key: f"scenario-{key}")
+@patch(f"{term_path}.search")
+@patch(f"{utils_path}.get_residue_removed_or_burnt_terms", return_value=RESIDUE_REMOVED_OR_BURNT_TERM_IDS)
+@patch(f"{utils_path}.get_irrigated_terms", return_value=IRRIGATED_TERM_IDS)
+@patch(f"{utils_path}.get_cover_crop_property_terms", return_value=COVER_CROP_PROPERTY_TERM_IDS)
+def test_check_cropland_medium_category(
+    mock_get_cover_crop_property_terms: MagicMock,
+    mock_get_irrigated_terms: MagicMock,
+    mock_get_residue_removed_or_burnt_terms: MagicMock,
+    mock_search: MagicMock,
+    key: int
+):
+    """
+    Tests each set of cropland medium conditions against a list of nodes that such satisfy it. The function returns the
+    key of the matching condition set, which should match the suffix of the fixtures subfolder.
+    """
+    folder = f"{fixtures_folder}/IpccCarbonInputCategory/cropland-medium/scenario-{key}"
+
+    with open(f"{folder}/site.jsonld", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        site = json.load(f)
+
+    result = _check_cropland_medium_category(**_get_carbon_input_kwargs(site.get("management", [])))
+
+    # Ensure that API calls to retrieve term IDs are properly cached.
+    mock_get_cover_crop_property_terms.call_count <= 1
+    mock_get_irrigated_terms.call_count <= 1
+    mock_get_residue_removed_or_burnt_terms.call_count <= 1
+
+    mock_search.assert_not_called()  # Ensure that the term utils are properly mocked.
+    assert result == key
+
+
+@mark.parametrize("key", [1, 2, 3], ids=lambda key: f"scenario-{key}")
+@patch(f"{term_path}.search")
+@patch(f"{utils_path}.get_residue_removed_or_burnt_terms", return_value=RESIDUE_REMOVED_OR_BURNT_TERM_IDS)
+@patch(f"{utils_path}.get_irrigated_terms", return_value=IRRIGATED_TERM_IDS)
+@patch(f"{utils_path}.get_cover_crop_property_terms", return_value=COVER_CROP_PROPERTY_TERM_IDS)
+def test_check_cropland_low_category(
+    mock_get_cover_crop_property_terms: MagicMock,
+    mock_get_irrigated_terms: MagicMock,
+    mock_get_residue_removed_or_burnt_terms: MagicMock,
+    mock_search: MagicMock,
+    key: int
+):
+    """
+    Tests each set of cropland low conditions against a list of nodes that such satisfy it. The function returns the
+    key of the matching condition set, which should match the suffix of the fixtures subfolder.
+    """
+    folder = f"{fixtures_folder}/IpccCarbonInputCategory/cropland-low/scenario-{key}"
+
+    with open(f"{folder}/site.jsonld", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        site = json.load(f)
+
+    result = _check_cropland_low_category(**_get_carbon_input_kwargs(site.get("management", [])))
+
+    # Ensure that API calls to retrieve term IDs are properly cached.
+    mock_get_cover_crop_property_terms.call_count <= 1
+    mock_get_irrigated_terms.call_count <= 1
+    mock_get_residue_removed_or_burnt_terms.call_count <= 1
+
+    mock_search.assert_not_called()  # Ensure that the term utils are properly mocked.
+    assert result == key
+
+
+# subfolder, management_category, expected
+CARBON_INPUT_CATEGORY_PARAMS = [
+    (
+        "cropland-high-with-manure",
+        IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE,
+        IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_HIGH_WITH_MANURE
+    ),
+    (
+        "cropland-high-without-manure/organic-fertiliser",  # Closes issue 743
+        IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE,
+        IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_HIGH_WITHOUT_MANURE
+    ),
+    (
+        "cropland-high-without-manure/soil-amendment",  # Closes issue 743
+        IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE,
+        IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_HIGH_WITHOUT_MANURE
+    ),
+    ("cropland-low/scenario-1", IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE, IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_LOW),
+    ("cropland-low/scenario-2", IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE, IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_LOW),
+    ("cropland-low/scenario-3", IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE, IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_LOW),
+    ("cropland-medium/scenario-1", IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE, IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_MEDIUM),
+    ("cropland-medium/scenario-2", IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE, IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_MEDIUM),
+    ("cropland-medium/scenario-3", IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE, IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_MEDIUM),
+    ("cropland-medium/scenario-4", IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE, IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_MEDIUM),
+    ("grassland-high", IpccManagementCategory.IMPROVED_GRASSLAND, IpccCarbonInputCategory.GRASSLAND_HIGH),
+    (
+        "grassland-medium/0-improvements",
+        IpccManagementCategory.IMPROVED_GRASSLAND,
+        IpccCarbonInputCategory.GRASSLAND_MEDIUM
+    ),
+    (
+        "grassland-medium/1-improvements",
+        IpccManagementCategory.IMPROVED_GRASSLAND,
+        IpccCarbonInputCategory.GRASSLAND_MEDIUM
+    )
+]
+
+
+@mark.parametrize(
+    "subfolder, management_category, expected",
+    CARBON_INPUT_CATEGORY_PARAMS,
+    ids=[params[0] for params in CARBON_INPUT_CATEGORY_PARAMS]
+)
+@patch(f"{term_path}.search")
+@patch(f"{utils_path}.get_residue_removed_or_burnt_terms", return_value=RESIDUE_REMOVED_OR_BURNT_TERM_IDS)
+@patch(f"{utils_path}.get_irrigated_terms", return_value=IRRIGATED_TERM_IDS)
+@patch(f"{utils_path}.get_cover_crop_property_terms", return_value=COVER_CROP_PROPERTY_TERM_IDS)
+def test_assign_ipcc_carbon_input_category(
+    mock_get_cover_crop_property_terms: MagicMock,
+    mock_get_irrigated_terms: MagicMock,
+    mock_get_residue_removed_or_burnt_terms: MagicMock,
+    mock_search: MagicMock,
+    subfolder: str,
+    management_category: IpccManagementCategory,
+    expected: IpccCarbonInputCategory
+):
+    folder = f"{fixtures_folder}/IpccCarbonInputCategory/{subfolder}"
+
+    with open(f"{folder}/site.jsonld", encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        site = json.load(f)
+
+    result = _assign_ipcc_carbon_input_category(site.get("management", []), management_category)
+
+    # Ensure that API calls to retrieve term IDs are properly cached.
+    mock_get_cover_crop_property_terms.call_count <= 1
+    mock_get_irrigated_terms.call_count <= 1
+    mock_get_residue_removed_or_burnt_terms.call_count <= 1
+
+    mock_search.assert_not_called()  # Ensure that the term utils are properly mocked.
+    assert result == expected
+
+
+TIMESTAMPS_CALC_SOC_STOCK = [1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020]
+
+# regime_start_years, soc_equilibriums, expected
+PARAMS_CALC_SOC_STOCK = [
+    (
+        [1970, 1995, 1995, 1995, 1995, 1995, 1995],
+        array([[77.000], [70.840], [70.840], [70.840], [70.840], [70.840], [70.840]]),
+        array([[77.000], [75.460], [73.920], [72.380], [70.840], [70.840], [70.840]])
+    ),
+    (
+        [1970, 1995, 1995, 1995, 2010, 2010, 2010],
+        array([[77.000], [70.840], [70.840], [70.840], [80.850], [80.850], [80.850]]),
+        array([[77.000], [75.460], [73.920], [72.380], [74.498], [76.615], [78.733]])
+    ),
+    (
+        [1970, 1995, 1995, 1995, 1995, 2015, 2015],
+        array([[80.850], [70.840], [70.840], [70.840], [70.840], [80.850], [80.850]]),
+        array([[80.850], [78.348], [75.845], [73.343], [70.840], [73.343], [75.845]])
+    ),
+    (
+        [1970, 1970, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000],
+        array([[80.850], [80.850], [77.000], [77.000], [77.000], [77.000], [77.000]]),
+        array([[80.850], [80.850], [79.888], [78.925], [77.963], [77.000], [77.000]])
+    ),
+    (
+        [1970, 1970, 1970, 1970, 2010, 2010, 2010],
+        array([[70.840], [70.840], [70.840], [70.840], [80.850], [80.850], [80.850]]),
+        array([[70.840], [70.840], [70.840], [70.840], [73.343], [75.845], [78.348]])
+    ),
+    (
+        [1970, 1970, 2000, 2000, 2000, 2015, 2020],
+        array([[70.840], [70.840], [80.850], [80.850], [80.850], [70.840], [80.850]]),
+        array([[70.840], [70.840], [73.343], [75.845], [78.348], [76.471], [77.565]])
+    )
+]
+IDS_CALC_SOC_STOCK = [f"land-unit-{i+1}" for i in range(len(PARAMS_CALC_SOC_STOCK))]
+
+
+@mark.parametrize("regime_start_years, soc_equilibriums, expected", PARAMS_CALC_SOC_STOCK, ids=IDS_CALC_SOC_STOCK)
+def test_calc_soc_stocks(regime_start_years, soc_equilibriums, expected):
+    """
+    Test the interpolation between SOC equilibriums using test data provided in IPCC (2019).
+    """
+    result = _calc_soc_stocks(
+        TIMESTAMPS_CALC_SOC_STOCK, regime_start_years, soc_equilibriums
+    )
+    assert_array_almost_equal(result, expected, decimal=3)
+
+
+TEST_INVENTORY = {
+        1960: {
+            _InventoryKey.LU_CATEGORY: IpccLandUseCategory.FOREST,
+            _InventoryKey.MG_CATEGORY: IpccManagementCategory.OTHER,
+            _InventoryKey.CI_CATEGORY: IpccCarbonInputCategory.OTHER
+        },
+        1965: {
+            _InventoryKey.LU_CATEGORY: IpccLandUseCategory.FOREST,
+            _InventoryKey.MG_CATEGORY: IpccManagementCategory.OTHER,
+            _InventoryKey.CI_CATEGORY: IpccCarbonInputCategory.OTHER
+        },
+        1970: {
+            _InventoryKey.LU_CATEGORY: IpccLandUseCategory.GRASSLAND,
+            _InventoryKey.MG_CATEGORY: IpccManagementCategory.NOMINALLY_MANAGED,
+            _InventoryKey.CI_CATEGORY: IpccCarbonInputCategory.OTHER
+        },
+        1995: {
+            _InventoryKey.LU_CATEGORY: IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS,
+            _InventoryKey.MG_CATEGORY: IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE,
+            _InventoryKey.CI_CATEGORY: IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_LOW
+        },
+        2003: {
+            _InventoryKey.LU_CATEGORY: IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS,
+            _InventoryKey.MG_CATEGORY: IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE,
+            _InventoryKey.CI_CATEGORY: IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_MEDIUM
+        },
+        2025: {
+            _InventoryKey.LU_CATEGORY: IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS,
+            _InventoryKey.MG_CATEGORY: IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE,
+            _InventoryKey.CI_CATEGORY: IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_MEDIUM
+        },
+        2026: {
+            _InventoryKey.LU_CATEGORY: IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS,
+            _InventoryKey.MG_CATEGORY: IpccManagementCategory.REDUCED_TILLAGE,
+            _InventoryKey.CI_CATEGORY: IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_MEDIUM
+        }
+    }
+
+EXPECTED_MISSING_YEARS = {
+    1990: {
+        _InventoryKey.LU_CATEGORY: IpccLandUseCategory.GRASSLAND,
+        _InventoryKey.MG_CATEGORY: IpccManagementCategory.NOMINALLY_MANAGED,
+        _InventoryKey.CI_CATEGORY: IpccCarbonInputCategory.OTHER
+    },
+    2023: {
+        _InventoryKey.LU_CATEGORY: IpccLandUseCategory.ANNUAL_CROPS,
+        _InventoryKey.MG_CATEGORY: IpccManagementCategory.FULL_TILLAGE,
+        _InventoryKey.CI_CATEGORY: IpccCarbonInputCategory.CROPLAND_MEDIUM
+    }
+}
+
+
+def test_calc_missing_equilibrium_years():
+    result = _calc_missing_equilibrium_years(TEST_INVENTORY)
+    assert result == EXPECTED_MISSING_YEARS
+
+
+def test_calc_regime_start_years():
+    EXPECTED = [1940, 1940, 1970, 1995, 2003, 2003, 2026]
+    result = _calc_regime_start_years(TEST_INVENTORY)
+    assert result == EXPECTED

tests/models/ipcc2019/test_organicCarbonPerHa_tier_2_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+from numpy import array
+from numpy.testing import assert_array_almost_equal
+from numpy.typing import NDArray
+from pytest import mark
+
+from hestia_earth.models.utils.array_builders import discrete_uniform_2d, repeat_single
+
+from hestia_earth.models.ipcc2019.organicCarbonPerHa import MODEL, TERM_ID
+from hestia_earth.models.ipcc2019.organicCarbonPerHa_tier_2_utils import (
+    _calc_temperature_factor_annual, _calc_water_factor_annual, _Parameter, _sample_parameter
+)
+
+from tests.utils import fixtures_path
+
+class_path = f"hestia_earth.models.{MODEL}.{TERM_ID}_tier_2_utils"
+utils_path = f"hestia_earth.models.{MODEL}.{TERM_ID}_utils"
+term_path = "hestia_earth.models.utils.term"
+property_path = "hestia_earth.models.utils.property"
+
+fixtures_folder = f"{fixtures_path}/{MODEL}/{TERM_ID}"
+
+ITERATIONS = 1000
+SEED = 0
+YEARS = 100
+MONTHS = 12
+
+
+CROP_RESIDUE_INCORP_TERM_IDS = [
+    "aboveGroundCropResidueIncorporated",
+    "aboveGroundCropResidueLeftOnField",
+    "belowGroundCropResidue",
+    "discardedCropIncorporated",
+    "discardedCropLeftOnField"
+]
+
+IRRIGATED_TERM_IDS = [
+    "rainfedDeepWater",
+    "rainfedDeepWaterWaterDepth100Cm",
+    "rainfedDeepWaterWaterDepth50100Cm",
+    "irrigatedTypeUnspecified",
+    "irrigatedCenterPivotIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedContinuouslyFlooded",
+    "irrigatedDripIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedFurrowIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedLateralMoveIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedLocalizedIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedManualIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedSurfaceIrrigationMultipleDrainagePeriods",
+    "irrigatedSurfaceIrrigationSingleDrainagePeriod",
+    "irrigatedSprinklerIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedSubIrrigation",
+    "irrigatedSurfaceIrrigationDrainageRegimeUnspecified"
+]
+
+
+UPLAND_RICE_LAND_COVER_TERM_IDS = [
+    "ricePlantUpland"
+]
+
+UPLAND_RICE_CROP_TERM_IDS = [
+    "riceGrainInHuskUpland"
+]
+
+DEFAULT_PROPERTIES = {
+    "manureDryKgMass": {
+        "carbonContent": {
+            "value": 38.4
+        },
+        "nitrogenContent": {
+            "value": 2.65
+        },
+        "ligninContent": {
+            "value": 9.67
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+def fake_find_term_property(term: dict, property: str, *_):
+    term_id = term.get('@id', None)
+    return DEFAULT_PROPERTIES.get(term_id, {}).get(property, {})
+
+
+def fake_calc_descriptive_stats(arr: NDArray, *_args, **_kwargs):
+    return {"value": [row[0] for row in arr]}
+
+
+def assert_elements_between(arr: NDArray, min: float, max: float):
+    assert ((min <= arr) & (arr <= max)).all()
+
+
+def assert_rows_unique(arr: NDArray):
+    """
+    Covert array to a set to remove repeated rows and check that number remaining rows is the same as the number of
+    original rows.
+    """
+    assert len(set(map(tuple, arr))) == len(arr)
+
+
+PARAMS_SAMPLE_PARAMETER = [p for p in _Parameter]
+IDS_SAMPLE_PARAMETER = [p.name for p in _Parameter]
+
+
+@mark.parametrize("parameter", PARAMS_SAMPLE_PARAMETER, ids=IDS_SAMPLE_PARAMETER)
+def test_sample_parameter(parameter):
+    """
+    Check that every parameter can be sampled without raising an error.
+    """
+    EXPECTED_SHAPE = (1, ITERATIONS)
+    result = _sample_parameter(ITERATIONS, parameter)
+    assert result.shape == EXPECTED_SHAPE
+
+
+# temperature_monthly, expected
+PARAMS_TEMPERATURE_FACTOR = [
+    (array([[-100] for _ in range(12)]), array([[1.4946486e-27]])),
+    (array([[0] for _ in range(12)]), array([[0.0803555]])),
+    (array([[33.69] for _ in range(12)]), array([[1]])),
+    (array([[45] for _ in range(12)]), array([[0]])),
+    (array([[50] for _ in range(12)]), array([[0]])),
+    (
+        array([
+            [22.71129032258065], [20.310714285714287], [19.479032258064514],
+            [14.993333333333334], [11.206451612903225], [9.055],
+            [8.008064516129034], [11.254838709677419], [11.276666666666666],
+            [14.148387096774192], [19.980000000000004], [16.372580645161293]
+        ]),
+        array([[0.4904241436936742]])
+    )
+]
+IDS_TEMPERATURE_FACTOR = ["-100", "0", "33.69", "45", "50", "ipcc"]
+
+
+@mark.parametrize("temperature_monthly, expected", PARAMS_TEMPERATURE_FACTOR, ids=IDS_TEMPERATURE_FACTOR)
+def test_calc_annual_temperature_factors(temperature_monthly, expected):
+    result = _calc_temperature_factor_annual(temperature_monthly)
+    assert_array_almost_equal(result, expected)
+
+
+def test_calc_annual_temperature_factors_random():
+    SHAPE = (YEARS * MONTHS, ITERATIONS)
+    MIN, MAX = 0, 1
+
+    TEMPERATURE_MONTHLY = discrete_uniform_2d(SHAPE, -60, 60, seed=SEED)
+
+    result = _calc_temperature_factor_annual(TEMPERATURE_MONTHLY)
+
+    assert_elements_between(result, MIN, MAX)
+    assert_rows_unique(result)
+    assert result.shape == (YEARS, ITERATIONS)
+
+
+# precipitation_monthly, pet_monthly, expected
+PARAMS_WATER_FACTOR = [
+    (array([[0] for _ in range(12)]), array([[0] for _ in range(12)]), array([[2.24942813]])),  # Closes issue 771
+    (array([[1] for _ in range(12)]), array([[10000] for _ in range(12)]), array([[0.3195496]])),
+    (array([[10000] for _ in range(12)]), array([[1] for _ in range(12)]), array([[2.24942813]])),
+    (
+        array([
+            [4.8], [23.900000000000002], [24.7],
+            [3.5999999999999996], [11.3], [11.200000000000001],
+            [27.400000000000006], [53], [30.7],
+            [39.3], [9.399999999999999], [41.8]
+        ]),
+        array([
+            [253.80000000000007], [214.4], [176.59999999999994],
+            [104.19999999999997], [62.79999999999997], [41.59999999999999],
+            [45.60000000000001], [64.80000000000001], [91.60000000000001],
+            [140.00000000000006], [189.99999999999994], [233.00000000000006]
+        ]),
+        array([[0.7793321739983536]])
+    )
+]
+IDS_WATER_FACTOR = ["0/0", "1/10000", "10000/1", "ipcc"]
+
+
+@mark.parametrize("precipitation_monthly, pet_monthly, expected", PARAMS_WATER_FACTOR, ids=IDS_WATER_FACTOR)
+def test_calc_calc_annual_water_factors(precipitation_monthly, pet_monthly, expected):
+    result = _calc_water_factor_annual(precipitation_monthly, pet_monthly)
+    assert_array_almost_equal(result, expected)
+
+
+def test_calc_calc_annual_water_factors_random():
+    SHAPE = (YEARS * MONTHS, ITERATIONS)
+    MIN, MAX = 0.31935, 2.24942813
+
+    PRECIPITATION_MONTHLY = discrete_uniform_2d(SHAPE, 0, 1000, seed=SEED)
+    PET_MONTHLY = discrete_uniform_2d(SHAPE, 0, 2500, seed=SEED+1)
+
+    result = _calc_water_factor_annual(PRECIPITATION_MONTHLY, PET_MONTHLY)
+
+    assert_elements_between(result, MIN, MAX)
+    assert_rows_unique(result)
+    assert result.shape == (YEARS, ITERATIONS)
+
+
+def test_calc_calc_annual_water_factors_irrigated():
+    EXPECTED = 0.775 * 1.5
+
+    SHAPE = (YEARS * MONTHS, ITERATIONS)
+    PRECIPITATION_MONTHLY = discrete_uniform_2d(SHAPE, 0, 1000, seed=SEED)
+    PET_MONTHLY = discrete_uniform_2d(SHAPE, 0, 2500, seed=SEED+1)
+    IRRIGATED_MONTHLY = repeat_single(SHAPE, True)
+
+    result = _calc_water_factor_annual(PRECIPITATION_MONTHLY, PET_MONTHLY, IRRIGATED_MONTHLY)
+
+    (result == EXPECTED).all()  # assert all elements in result are the expected value
+    assert result.shape == (YEARS, ITERATIONS)