gstaichi 0.1.23.dev0__cp310-cp310-macosx_15_0_arm64.whl → 1.0.1__cp310-cp310-macosx_15_0_arm64.whl

taichi/_lib/c_api/include/taichi/taichi_core.h

@@ -1,1111 +0,0 @@
-// # Core Functionality
-//
-// Taichi Core exposes all necessary interfaces for offloading the AOT modules
-// to Taichi. The following is a list of features that are available regardless
-// of your backend. The corresponding APIs are still under development and
-// subject to change.
-//
-// ## Availability
-//
-// Taichi C-API intends to support the following backends:
-//
-// |Backend     |Offload Target   |Maintenance Tier | Stabilized? |
-// |------------|-----------------|-----------------|-------------|
-// |Vulkan      |GPU              |Tier 1           | Yes         |
-// |Metal       |GPU (macOS, iOS) |Tier 2           | No          |
-// |CUDA (LLVM) |GPU (NVIDIA)     |Tier 2           | No          |
-// |CPU (LLVM)  |CPU              |Tier 2           | No          |
-// |OpenGL      |GPU              |Tier 2           | No          |
-// |OpenGL ES   |GPU              |Tier 2           | No          |
-// |DirectX 11  |GPU (Windows)    |N/A              | No          |
-//
-// The backends with tier-1 support are being developed and tested more
-// intensively. And most new features will be available on Vulkan first because
-// it has the most outstanding cross-platform compatibility among all the tier-1
-// backends. For the backends with tier-2 support, you should expect a delay in
-// the fixes to minor issues.
-//
-// For convenience, in the following text and other C-API documents, the term
-// *host* refers to the user of the C-API; the term *device* refers to the
-// logical (conceptual) compute device, to which Taichi's runtime offloads its
-// compute tasks. A *device* may not be a physical discrete processor other than
-// the CPU and the *host* may *not* be able to access the memory allocated on
-// the *device*.
-//
-// Unless otherwise specified, **device**, **backend**, **offload target**, and
-// **GPU** are interchangeable; **host**, **user code**, **user procedure**, and
-// **CPU** are interchangeable.
-//
-// ## HowTo
-//
-// The following section provides a brief introduction to the Taichi C-API.
-//
-// ### Create and destroy a Runtime Instance
-//
-// You *must* create a runtime instance before working with Taichi, and *only*
-// one runtime per thread. Currently, we do not officially claim that multiple
-// runtime instances can coexist in a process, but please feel free to [file an
-// issue with us](https://github.com/taichi-dev/taichi/issues) if you run into
-// any problem with runtime instance coexistence.
-//
-// ```cpp
-// // Create a Taichi Runtime on Vulkan device at index 0.
-// TiRuntime runtime = ti_create_runtime(TI_ARCH_VULKAN, 0);
-// ```
-//
-// When your program runs to the end, ensure that:
-// - You destroy the runtime instance,
-// - All related resources are destroyed before the
-// [`TiRuntime`](#handle-tiruntime) itself.
-//
-// ```cpp
-// ti_destroy_runtime(runtime);
-// ```
-//
-// ### Allocate and free memory
-//
-// Allocate a piece of memory that is visible only to the device. On the GPU
-// backends, it usually means that the memory is located in the graphics memory
-// (GRAM).
-//
-// ```cpp
-// TiMemoryAllocateInfo mai {};
-// mai.size = 1024; // Size in bytes.
-// mai.usage = TI_MEMORY_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT;
-// TiMemory memory = ti_allocate_memory(runtime, &mai);
-// ```
-//
-// Allocated memory is automatically freed when the related
-// [`TiRuntime`](#handle-tiruntime) is destroyed. You can also manually free the
-// allocated memory.
-//
-// ```cpp
-// ti_free_memory(runtime, memory);
-// ```
-//
-// ### Allocate host-accessible memory
-//
-// By default, memory allocations are physically or conceptually local to the
-// offload target for performance reasons. You can configure the
-// [`TiMemoryAllocateInfo`](#structure-timemoryallocateinfo) to enable host
-// access to memory allocations. But please note that host-accessible
-// allocations *may* slow down computation on GPU because of the limited bus
-// bandwidth between the host memory and the device.
-//
-// You *must* set `host_write` to [`TI_TRUE`](#definition-ti_true) to allow
-// zero-copy data streaming to the memory.
-//
-// ```cpp
-// TiMemoryAllocateInfo mai {};
-// mai.size = 1024; // Size in bytes.
-// mai.host_write = TI_TRUE;
-// mai.usage = TI_MEMORY_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT;
-// TiMemory steaming_memory = ti_allocate_memory(runtime, &mai);
-//
-// // ...
-//
-// std::vector<uint8_t> src = some_random_data_source();
-//
-// void* dst = ti_map_memory(runtime, steaming_memory);
-// std::memcpy(dst, src.data(), src.size());
-// ti_unmap_memory(runtime, streaming_memory);
-// ```
-//
-// To read data back to the host, `host_read` *must* be set to
-// [`TI_TRUE`](#definition-ti_true).
-//
-// ```cpp
-// TiMemoryAllocateInfo mai {};
-// mai.size = 1024; // Size in bytes.
-// mai.host_read = TI_TRUE;
-// mai.usage = TI_MEMORY_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT;
-// TiMemory read_back_memory = ti_allocate_memory(runtime, &mai);
-//
-// // ...
-//
-// std::vector<uint8_t> dst(1024);
-// void* src = ti_map_memory(runtime, read_back_memory);
-// std::memcpy(dst.data(), src, dst.size());
-// ti_unmap_memory(runtime, read_back_memory);
-//
-// ti_free_memory(runtime, read_back_memory);
-// ```
-//
-// > You can set `host_read` and `host_write` at the same time.
-//
-// ### Load and destroy a Taichi AOT module
-//
-// You can load a Taichi AOT module from the filesystem.
-//
-// ```cpp
-// TiAotModule aot_module = ti_load_aot_module(runtime, "/path/to/aot/module");
-// ```
-//
-// `/path/to/aot/module` should point to the directory that contains a
-// `metadata.json`.
-//
-// You can destroy an unused AOT module, but please ensure that there is no
-// kernel or compute graph related to it pending to
-// [`ti_flush`](#function-ti_flush).
-//
-// ```cpp
-// ti_destroy_aot_module(aot_module);
-// ```
-//
-// ### Launch kernels and compute graphs
-//
-// You can extract kernels and compute graphs from an AOT module. Kernel and
-// compute graphs are a part of the module, so you don't have to destroy them.
-//
-// ```cpp
-// TiKernel kernel = ti_get_aot_module_kernel(aot_module, "foo");
-// TiComputeGraph compute_graph = ti_get_aot_module_compute_graph(aot_module,
-// "bar");
-// ```
-//
-// You can launch a kernel with positional arguments. Please ensure the types,
-// the sizes and the order matches the source code in Python.
-//
-// ```cpp
-// TiNdArray ndarray{};
-// ndarray.memory = get_some_memory();
-// ndarray.shape.dim_count = 1;
-// ndarray.shape.dims[0] = 16;
-// ndarray.elem_shape.dim_count = 2;
-// ndarray.elem_shape.dims[0] = 4;
-// ndarray.elem_shape.dims[1] = 4;
-// ndarray.elem_type = TI_DATA_TYPE_F32;
-//
-// std::array<TiArgument, 3> args{};
-//
-// TiArgument& arg0 = args[0];
-// arg0.type = TI_ARGUMENT_TYPE_I32;
-// arg0.value.i32 = 123;
-//
-// TiArgument& arg1 = args[1];
-// arg1.type = TI_ARGUMENT_TYPE_F32;
-// arg1.value.f32 = 123.0f;
-//
-// TiArgument& arg2 = args[2];
-// arg2.type = TI_ARGUMENT_TYPE_NDARRAY;
-// arg2.value.ndarray = ndarray;
-//
-// ti_launch_kernel(runtime, kernel, args.size(), args.data());
-// ```
-//
-// You can launch a compute graph in a similar way. But additionally please
-// ensure the argument names matches those in the Python source.
-//
-// ```cpp
-// std::array<TiNamedArgument, 3> named_args{};
-// TiNamedArgument& named_arg0 = named_args[0];
-// named_arg0.name = "foo";
-// named_arg0.argument = args[0];
-// TiNamedArgument& named_arg1 = named_args[1];
-// named_arg1.name = "bar";
-// named_arg1.argument = args[1];
-// TiNamedArgument& named_arg2 = named_args[2];
-// named_arg2.name = "baz";
-// named_arg2.argument = args[2];
-//
-// ti_launch_compute_graph(runtime, compute_graph, named_args.size(),
-// named_args.data());
-// ```
-//
-// When you have launched all kernels and compute graphs for this batch, you
-// should [`ti_flush`](#function-ti_flush) and [`ti_wait`](#function-ti_wait)
-// for the execution to finish.
-//
-// ```cpp
-// ti_flush(runtime);
-// ti_wait(runtime);
-// ```
-//
-// **WARNING** This part is subject to change. We will introduce multi-queue in
-// the future.
-//
-#pragma once
-
-#ifndef TI_C_API_VERSION
-#define TI_C_API_VERSION 1007000
-#endif  // TI_C_API_VERSION
-
-#ifndef TAICHI_H
-#include "taichi.h"
-#endif  // TAICHI_H
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif  // __cplusplus
-
-// Alias `TiBool` (1.4.0)
-//
-// A boolean value. Can be either [`TI_TRUE`](#definition-ti_true) or
-// [`TI_FALSE`](#definition-ti_false). Assignment with other values could lead
-// to undefined behavior.
-typedef uint32_t TiBool;
-
-// Definition `TI_FALSE` (1.4.0)
-//
-// A condition or a predicate is not satisfied; a statement is invalid.
-#define TI_FALSE 0
-
-// Definition `TI_TRUE` (1.4.0)
-//
-// A condition or a predicate is satisfied; a statement is valid.
-#define TI_TRUE 1
-
-// Alias `TiFlags` (1.4.0)
-//
-// A bit field that can be used to represent 32 orthogonal flags. Bits
-// unspecified in the corresponding flag enum are ignored.
-//
-// > Enumerations and bit-field flags in the C-API have a `TI_XXX_MAX_ENUM` case
-// to ensure the enum has a 32-bit range and in-memory size. It has no
-// semantical impact and can be safely ignored.
-typedef uint32_t TiFlags;
-
-// Definition `TI_NULL_HANDLE` (1.4.0)
-//
-// A sentinal invalid handle that will never be produced from a valid call to
-// Taichi C-API.
-#define TI_NULL_HANDLE 0
-
-// Handle `TiRuntime` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Taichi runtime represents an instance of a logical backend and its internal
-// dynamic state. The user is responsible to synchronize any use of
-// [`TiRuntime`](#handle-tiruntime). The user *must not* manipulate multiple
-// [`TiRuntime`](#handle-tiruntime)s in the same thread.
-typedef struct TiRuntime_t *TiRuntime;
-
-// Handle `TiAotModule` (1.4.0)
-//
-// An ahead-of-time (AOT) compiled Taichi module, which contains a collection of
-// kernels and compute graphs.
-typedef struct TiAotModule_t *TiAotModule;
-
-// Handle `TiMemory` (1.4.0)
-//
-// A contiguous allocation of device memory.
-typedef struct TiMemory_t *TiMemory;
-
-// Handle `TiImage` (1.4.0)
-//
-// A contiguous allocation of device image.
-typedef struct TiImage_t *TiImage;
-
-// Handle `TiSampler`
-//
-// An image sampler. [`TI_NULL_HANDLE`](#definition-ti_null_handle) represents a
-// default image sampler provided by the runtime implementation. The filter
-// modes and address modes of default samplers depend on backend implementation.
-typedef struct TiSampler_t *TiSampler;
-
-// Handle `TiKernel` (1.4.0)
-//
-// A Taichi kernel that can be launched on the offload target for execution.
-typedef struct TiKernel_t *TiKernel;
-
-// Handle `TiComputeGraph` (1.4.0)
-//
-// A collection of Taichi kernels (a compute graph) to launch on the offload
-// target in a predefined order.
-typedef struct TiComputeGraph_t *TiComputeGraph;
-
-// Enumeration `TiError` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Errors reported by the Taichi C-API.
-typedef enum TiError {
-  // The Taichi C-API invocation finished gracefully.
-  TI_ERROR_SUCCESS = 0,
-  // The invoked API, or the combination of parameters is not supported by the
-  // Taichi C-API.
-  TI_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED = -1,
-  // Provided data is corrupted.
-  TI_ERROR_CORRUPTED_DATA = -2,
-  // Provided name does not refer to any existing item.
-  TI_ERROR_NAME_NOT_FOUND = -3,
-  // One or more function arguments violate constraints specified in C-API
-  // documents, or kernel arguments mismatch the kernel argument list defined in
-  // the AOT module.
-  TI_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT = -4,
-  // One or more by-reference (pointer) function arguments point to null.
-  TI_ERROR_ARGUMENT_NULL = -5,
-  // One or more function arguments are out of its acceptable range; or
-  // enumeration arguments have undefined value.
-  TI_ERROR_ARGUMENT_OUT_OF_RANGE = -6,
-  // One or more kernel arguments are missing.
-  TI_ERROR_ARGUMENT_NOT_FOUND = -7,
-  // The intended interoperation is not possible on the current arch. For
-  // example, attempts to export a Vulkan object from a CUDA runtime are not
-  // allowed.
-  TI_ERROR_INVALID_INTEROP = -8,
-  // The Taichi C-API enters an unrecoverable invalid state. Related Taichi
-  // objects are potentially corrupted. The users *should* release the
-  // contaminated resources for stability. Please feel free to file an issue if
-  // you encountered this error in a normal routine.
-  TI_ERROR_INVALID_STATE = -9,
-  // The AOT module is not compatible with the current runtime.
-  TI_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_MODULE = -10,
-  TI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY = -11,
-  TI_ERROR_MAX_ENUM = 0xffffffff,
-} TiError;
-
-// Enumeration `TiArch` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Types of backend archs.
-typedef enum TiArch {
-  TI_ARCH_RESERVED = 0,
-  // Vulkan GPU backend.
-  TI_ARCH_VULKAN = 1,
-  // Metal GPU backend.
-  TI_ARCH_METAL = 2,
-  // NVIDIA CUDA GPU backend.
-  TI_ARCH_CUDA = 3,
-  // x64 native CPU backend.
-  TI_ARCH_X64 = 4,
-  // Arm64 native CPU backend.
-  TI_ARCH_ARM64 = 5,
-  // OpenGL GPU backend.
-  TI_ARCH_OPENGL = 6,
-  // OpenGL ES GPU backend.
-  TI_ARCH_GLES = 7,
-  TI_ARCH_MAX_ENUM = 0xffffffff,
-} TiArch;
-
-// Enumeration `TiCapability` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Device capabilities.
-typedef enum TiCapability {
-  TI_CAPABILITY_RESERVED = 0,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_VERSION = 1,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_INT8 = 2,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_INT16 = 3,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_INT64 = 4,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_FLOAT16 = 5,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_FLOAT64 = 6,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_ATOMIC_INT64 = 7,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_ATOMIC_FLOAT16 = 8,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_ATOMIC_FLOAT16_ADD = 9,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_ATOMIC_FLOAT16_MINMAX = 10,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_ATOMIC_FLOAT = 11,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_ATOMIC_FLOAT_ADD = 12,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_ATOMIC_FLOAT_MINMAX = 13,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_ATOMIC_FLOAT64 = 14,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_ATOMIC_FLOAT64_ADD = 15,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_ATOMIC_FLOAT64_MINMAX = 16,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_VARIABLE_PTR = 17,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_PHYSICAL_STORAGE_BUFFER = 18,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_SUBGROUP_BASIC = 19,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_SUBGROUP_VOTE = 20,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_SUBGROUP_ARITHMETIC = 21,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_SUBGROUP_BALLOT = 22,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_NON_SEMANTIC_INFO = 23,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_SPIRV_HAS_NO_INTEGER_WRAP_DECORATION = 24,
-  TI_CAPABILITY_MAX_ENUM = 0xffffffff,
-} TiCapability;
-
-// Structure `TiCapabilityLevelInfo` (1.4.0)
-//
-// An integral device capability level. It currently is not guaranteed that a
-// higher level value is compatible with a lower level value.
-typedef struct TiCapabilityLevelInfo {
-  TiCapability capability;
-  uint32_t level;
-} TiCapabilityLevelInfo;
-
-// Enumeration `TiDataType` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Elementary (primitive) data types. There might be vendor-specific constraints
-// on the available data types so it's recommended to use 32-bit data types if
-// multi-platform distribution is desired.
-typedef enum TiDataType {
-  // 16-bit IEEE 754 half-precision floating-point number.
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_F16 = 0,
-  // 32-bit IEEE 754 single-precision floating-point number.
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_F32 = 1,
-  // 64-bit IEEE 754 double-precision floating-point number.
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_F64 = 2,
-  // 8-bit one's complement signed integer.
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_I8 = 3,
-  // 16-bit one's complement signed integer.
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_I16 = 4,
-  // 32-bit one's complement signed integer.
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_I32 = 5,
-  // 64-bit one's complement signed integer.
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_I64 = 6,
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_U1 = 7,
-  // 8-bit unsigned integer.
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_U8 = 8,
-  // 16-bit unsigned integer.
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_U16 = 9,
-  // 32-bit unsigned integer.
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_U32 = 10,
-  // 64-bit unsigned integer.
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_U64 = 11,
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_GEN = 12,
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 13,
-  TI_DATA_TYPE_MAX_ENUM = 0xffffffff,
-} TiDataType;
-
-// Enumeration `TiArgumentType` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Types of kernel and compute graph argument.
-typedef enum TiArgumentType {
-  // 32-bit one's complement signed integer.
-  TI_ARGUMENT_TYPE_I32 = 0,
-  // 32-bit IEEE 754 single-precision floating-point number.
-  TI_ARGUMENT_TYPE_F32 = 1,
-  // ND-array wrapped around a `handle.memory`.
-  TI_ARGUMENT_TYPE_NDARRAY = 2,
-  // Texture wrapped around a `handle.image`.
-  TI_ARGUMENT_TYPE_TEXTURE = 3,
-  // Typed scalar.
-  TI_ARGUMENT_TYPE_SCALAR = 4,
-  // Typed tensor.
-  TI_ARGUMENT_TYPE_TENSOR = 5,
-  TI_ARGUMENT_TYPE_MAX_ENUM = 0xffffffff,
-} TiArgumentType;
-
-// BitField `TiMemoryUsageFlags` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Usages of a memory allocation. Taichi requires kernel argument memories to be
-// allocated with `TI_MEMORY_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT`.
-typedef enum TiMemoryUsageFlagBits {
-  // The memory can be read/write accessed by any kernel.
-  TI_MEMORY_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT = 1 << 0,
-  // The memory can be used as a uniform buffer in graphics pipelines.
-  TI_MEMORY_USAGE_UNIFORM_BIT = 1 << 1,
-  // The memory can be used as a vertex buffer in graphics pipelines.
-  TI_MEMORY_USAGE_VERTEX_BIT = 1 << 2,
-  // The memory can be used as an index buffer in graphics pipelines.
-  TI_MEMORY_USAGE_INDEX_BIT = 1 << 3,
-} TiMemoryUsageFlagBits;
-typedef TiFlags TiMemoryUsageFlags;
-
-// Structure `TiMemoryAllocateInfo` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Parameters of a newly allocated memory.
-typedef struct TiMemoryAllocateInfo {
-  // Size of the allocation in bytes.
-  uint64_t size;
-  // True if the host needs to write to the allocated memory.
-  TiBool host_write;
-  // True if the host needs to read from the allocated memory.
-  TiBool host_read;
-  // True if the memory allocation needs to be exported to other backends (e.g.,
-  // from Vulkan to CUDA).
-  TiBool export_sharing;
-  // All possible usage of this memory allocation. In most cases,
-  // `bit_field.memory_usage.storage` is enough.
-  TiMemoryUsageFlags usage;
-} TiMemoryAllocateInfo;
-
-// Structure `TiMemorySlice` (1.4.0)
-//
-// A subsection of a memory allocation. The sum of `offset` and `size` cannot
-// exceed the size of `memory`.
-typedef struct TiMemorySlice {
-  // The subsectioned memory allocation.
-  TiMemory memory;
-  // Offset from the beginning of the allocation.
-  uint64_t offset;
-  // Size of the subsection.
-  uint64_t size;
-} TiMemorySlice;
-
-// Structure `TiNdShape` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Multi-dimensional size of an ND-array. Dimension sizes after `dim_count` are
-// ignored.
-typedef struct TiNdShape {
-  // Number of dimensions.
-  uint32_t dim_count;
-  // Dimension sizes.
-  uint32_t dims[16];
-} TiNdShape;
-
-// Structure `TiNdArray` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Multi-dimensional array of dense primitive data.
-typedef struct TiNdArray {
-  // Memory bound to the ND-array.
-  TiMemory memory;
-  // Shape of the ND-array.
-  TiNdShape shape;
-  // Shape of the ND-array elements. It *must not* be empty for vector or matrix
-  // ND-arrays.
-  TiNdShape elem_shape;
-  // Primitive data type of the ND-array elements.
-  TiDataType elem_type;
-} TiNdArray;
-
-// BitField `TiImageUsageFlags` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Usages of an image allocation. Taichi requires kernel argument images to be
-// allocated with `TI_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT` and `TI_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`.
-typedef enum TiImageUsageFlagBits {
-  // The image can be read/write accessed by any kernel.
-  TI_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT = 1 << 0,
-  // The image can be read-only accessed by any kernel.
-  TI_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT = 1 << 1,
-  // The image can be used as a color or depth-stencil attachment depending on
-  // its format.
-  TI_IMAGE_USAGE_ATTACHMENT_BIT = 1 << 2,
-} TiImageUsageFlagBits;
-typedef TiFlags TiImageUsageFlags;
-
-// Enumeration `TiImageDimension` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Dimensions of an image allocation.
-typedef enum TiImageDimension {
-  // The image is 1-dimensional.
-  TI_IMAGE_DIMENSION_1D = 0,
-  // The image is 2-dimensional.
-  TI_IMAGE_DIMENSION_2D = 1,
-  // The image is 3-dimensional.
-  TI_IMAGE_DIMENSION_3D = 2,
-  // The image is 1-dimensional and it has one or more layers.
-  TI_IMAGE_DIMENSION_1D_ARRAY = 3,
-  // The image is 2-dimensional and it has one or more layers.
-  TI_IMAGE_DIMENSION_2D_ARRAY = 4,
-  // The image is 2-dimensional and it has 6 layers for the faces towards +X,
-  // -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z in sequence.
-  TI_IMAGE_DIMENSION_CUBE = 5,
-  TI_IMAGE_DIMENSION_MAX_ENUM = 0xffffffff,
-} TiImageDimension;
-
-// Enumeration `TiImageLayout` (1.4.0)
-typedef enum TiImageLayout {
-  // Undefined layout. An image in this layout does not contain any semantical
-  // information.
-  TI_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED = 0,
-  // Optimal layout for read-only access, including sampling.
-  TI_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ = 1,
-  // Optimal layout for write-only access.
-  TI_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_WRITE = 2,
-  // Optimal layout for read/write access.
-  TI_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_WRITE = 3,
-  // Optimal layout as a color attachment.
-  TI_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT = 4,
-  // Optimal layout as an input color attachment.
-  TI_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ = 5,
-  // Optimal layout as a depth attachment.
-  TI_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT = 6,
-  // Optimal layout as an input depth attachment.
-  TI_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_READ = 7,
-  // Optimal layout as a data copy destination.
-  TI_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST = 8,
-  // Optimal layout as a data copy source.
-  TI_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC = 9,
-  // Optimal layout as a presentation source.
-  TI_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC = 10,
-  TI_IMAGE_LAYOUT_MAX_ENUM = 0xffffffff,
-} TiImageLayout;
-
-// Enumeration `TiFormat` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Texture formats. The availability of texture formats depends on runtime
-// support.
-typedef enum TiFormat {
-  TI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN = 0,
-  TI_FORMAT_R8 = 1,
-  TI_FORMAT_RG8 = 2,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGBA8 = 3,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGBA8SRGB = 4,
-  TI_FORMAT_BGRA8 = 5,
-  TI_FORMAT_BGRA8SRGB = 6,
-  TI_FORMAT_R8U = 7,
-  TI_FORMAT_RG8U = 8,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGBA8U = 9,
-  TI_FORMAT_R8I = 10,
-  TI_FORMAT_RG8I = 11,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGBA8I = 12,
-  TI_FORMAT_R16 = 13,
-  TI_FORMAT_RG16 = 14,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGB16 = 15,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGBA16 = 16,
-  TI_FORMAT_R16U = 17,
-  TI_FORMAT_RG16U = 18,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGB16U = 19,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGBA16U = 20,
-  TI_FORMAT_R16I = 21,
-  TI_FORMAT_RG16I = 22,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGB16I = 23,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGBA16I = 24,
-  TI_FORMAT_R16F = 25,
-  TI_FORMAT_RG16F = 26,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGB16F = 27,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGBA16F = 28,
-  TI_FORMAT_R32U = 29,
-  TI_FORMAT_RG32U = 30,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGB32U = 31,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGBA32U = 32,
-  TI_FORMAT_R32I = 33,
-  TI_FORMAT_RG32I = 34,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGB32I = 35,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGBA32I = 36,
-  TI_FORMAT_R32F = 37,
-  TI_FORMAT_RG32F = 38,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGB32F = 39,
-  TI_FORMAT_RGBA32F = 40,
-  TI_FORMAT_DEPTH16 = 41,
-  TI_FORMAT_DEPTH24STENCIL8 = 42,
-  TI_FORMAT_DEPTH32F = 43,
-  TI_FORMAT_MAX_ENUM = 0xffffffff,
-} TiFormat;
-
-// Structure `TiImageOffset` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Offsets of an image in X, Y, Z, and array layers.
-typedef struct TiImageOffset {
-  // Image offset in the X direction.
-  uint32_t x;
-  // Image offset in the Y direction. *Must* be 0 if the image has a dimension
-  // of `enumeration.image_dimension.1d` or
-  // `enumeration.image_dimension.1d_array`.
-  uint32_t y;
-  // Image offset in the Z direction. *Must* be 0 if the image has a dimension
-  // of `enumeration.image_dimension.1d`, `enumeration.image_dimension.2d`,
-  // `enumeration.image_dimension.1d_array`,
-  // `enumeration.image_dimension.2d_array` or
-  // `enumeration.image_dimension.cube_array`.
-  uint32_t z;
-  // Image offset in array layers. *Must* be 0 if the image has a dimension of
-  // `enumeration.image_dimension.1d`, `enumeration.image_dimension.2d` or
-  // `enumeration.image_dimension.3d`.
-  uint32_t array_layer_offset;
-} TiImageOffset;
-
-// Structure `TiImageExtent` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Extents of an image in X, Y, Z, and array layers.
-typedef struct TiImageExtent {
-  // Image extent in the X direction.
-  uint32_t width;
-  // Image extent in the Y direction. *Must* be 1 if the image has a dimension
-  // of `enumeration.image_dimension.1d` or
-  // `enumeration.image_dimension.1d_array`.
-  uint32_t height;
-  // Image extent in the Z direction. *Must* be 1 if the image has a dimension
-  // of `enumeration.image_dimension.1d`, `enumeration.image_dimension.2d`,
-  // `enumeration.image_dimension.1d_array`,
-  // `enumeration.image_dimension.2d_array` or
-  // `enumeration.image_dimension.cube_array`.
-  uint32_t depth;
-  // Image extent in array layers. *Must* be 1 if the image has a dimension of
-  // `enumeration.image_dimension.1d`, `enumeration.image_dimension.2d` or
-  // `enumeration.image_dimension.3d`. *Must* be 6 if the image has a dimension
-  // of `enumeration.image_dimension.cube_array`.
-  uint32_t array_layer_count;
-} TiImageExtent;
-
-// Structure `TiImageAllocateInfo` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Parameters of a newly allocated image.
-typedef struct TiImageAllocateInfo {
-  // Image dimension.
-  TiImageDimension dimension;
-  // Image extent.
-  TiImageExtent extent;
-  // Number of mip-levels.
-  uint32_t mip_level_count;
-  // Image texel format.
-  TiFormat format;
-  // True if the memory allocation needs to be exported to other backends (e.g.,
-  // from Vulkan to CUDA).
-  TiBool export_sharing;
-  // All possible usages of this image allocation. In most cases,
-  // `bit_field.image_usage.storage` and `bit_field.image_usage.sampled` enough.
-  TiImageUsageFlags usage;
-} TiImageAllocateInfo;
-
-// Structure `TiImageSlice` (1.4.0)
-//
-// A subsection of a memory allocation. The sum of `offset` and `extent` in each
-// dimension cannot exceed the size of `image`.
-typedef struct TiImageSlice {
-  // The subsectioned image allocation.
-  TiImage image;
-  // Offset from the beginning of the allocation in each dimension.
-  TiImageOffset offset;
-  // Size of the subsection in each dimension.
-  TiImageExtent extent;
-  // The subsectioned mip-level.
-  uint32_t mip_level;
-} TiImageSlice;
-
-// Enumeration `TiFilter`
-typedef enum TiFilter {
-  TI_FILTER_NEAREST = 0,
-  TI_FILTER_LINEAR = 1,
-  TI_FILTER_MAX_ENUM = 0xffffffff,
-} TiFilter;
-
-// Enumeration `TiAddressMode`
-typedef enum TiAddressMode {
-  TI_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT = 0,
-  TI_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRRORED_REPEAT = 1,
-  TI_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE = 2,
-  TI_ADDRESS_MODE_MAX_ENUM = 0xffffffff,
-} TiAddressMode;
-
-// Structure `TiSamplerCreateInfo`
-typedef struct TiSamplerCreateInfo {
-  TiFilter mag_filter;
-  TiFilter min_filter;
-  TiAddressMode address_mode;
-  float max_anisotropy;
-} TiSamplerCreateInfo;
-
-// Structure `TiTexture` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Image data bound to a sampler.
-typedef struct TiTexture {
-  // Image bound to the texture.
-  TiImage image;
-  // The bound sampler that controls the sampling behavior of
-  // `structure.texture.image`.
-  TiSampler sampler;
-  // Image Dimension.
-  TiImageDimension dimension;
-  // Image extent.
-  TiImageExtent extent;
-  // Image texel format.
-  TiFormat format;
-} TiTexture;
-
-// Union `TiScalarValue` (1.5.0)
-//
-// Scalar value represented by a power-of-two number of bits.
-//
-// **NOTE** The unsigned integer types merely hold the number of bits in memory
-// and doesn't reflect any type of the underlying data. For example, a 32-bit
-// floating-point scalar value is assigned by `*(float*)&scalar_value.x32 =
-// 0.0f`; a 16-bit signed integer is assigned by `*(int16_t)&scalar_vaue.x16 =
-// 1`. The actual type of the scalar is hinted via `type`.
-typedef union TiScalarValue {
-  // Scalar value that fits into 8 bits.
-  uint8_t x8;
-  // Scalar value that fits into 16 bits.
-  uint16_t x16;
-  // Scalar value that fits into 32 bits.
-  uint32_t x32;
-  // Scalar value that fits into 64 bits.
-  uint64_t x64;
-} TiScalarValue;
-
-// Structure `TiScalar` (1.5.0)
-//
-// A typed scalar value.
-typedef struct TiScalar {
-  TiDataType type;
-  TiScalarValue value;
-} TiScalar;
-
-// Union `TiTensorValue`
-//
-// Tensor value represented by a power-of-two number of bits.
-typedef union TiTensorValue {
-  // Tensor value that fits into 8 bits.
-  uint8_t x8[128];
-  // Tensor value that fits into 16 bits.
-  uint16_t x16[64];
-  // Tensor value that fits into 32 bits.
-  uint32_t x32[32];
-  // Tensor value that fits into 64 bits.
-  uint64_t x64[16];
-} TiTensorValue;
-
-// Structure `TiTensorValueWithLength`
-//
-// A tensor value with a length.
-typedef struct TiTensorValueWithLength {
-  uint32_t length;
-  TiTensorValue data;
-} TiTensorValueWithLength;
-
-// Structure `TiTensor`
-//
-// A typed tensor value.
-typedef struct TiTensor {
-  TiDataType type;
-  TiTensorValueWithLength contents;
-} TiTensor;
-
-// Union `TiArgumentValue` (1.4.0)
-//
-// A scalar or structured argument value.
-typedef union TiArgumentValue {
-  // Value of a 32-bit one's complement signed integer. This is equivalent to
-  // `union.scalar_value.x32` with `enumeration.data_type.i32`.
-  int32_t i32;
-  // Value of a 32-bit IEEE 754 single-precision floating-poing number. This is
-  // equivalent to `union.scalar_value.x32` with `enumeration.data_type.f32`.
-  float f32;
-  // An ND-array to be bound.
-  TiNdArray ndarray;
-  // A texture to be bound.
-  TiTexture texture;
-  // An scalar to be bound.
-  TiScalar scalar;
-  // A tensor to be bound.
-  TiTensor tensor;
-} TiArgumentValue;
-
-// Structure `TiArgument` (1.4.0)
-//
-// An argument value to feed kernels.
-typedef struct TiArgument {
-  // Type of the argument.
-  TiArgumentType type;
-  // Value of the argument.
-  TiArgumentValue value;
-} TiArgument;
-
-// Structure `TiNamedArgument` (1.4.0)
-//
-// A named argument value to feed compute graphs.
-typedef struct TiNamedArgument {
-  // Name of the argument.
-  const char *name;
-  // Argument body.
-  TiArgument argument;
-} TiNamedArgument;
-
-// Function `ti_get_version` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Get the current taichi version. It has the same value as `TI_C_API_VERSION`
-// as defined in `taichi_core.h`.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT uint32_t TI_API_CALL ti_get_version();
-
-// Function `ti_get_available_archs` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Gets a list of available archs on the current platform. An arch is only
-// available if:
-//
-// 1. The Runtime library is compiled with its support;
-// 2. The current platform is installed with a capable hardware or an emulation
-// software.
-//
-// An available arch has at least one device available, i.e., device index 0 is
-// always available. If an arch is not available on the current platform, a call
-// to [`ti_create_runtime`](#function-ti_create_runtime) with that arch is
-// guaranteed failing.
-//
-// **WARNING** Please also note that the order or returned archs is *undefined*.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL ti_get_available_archs(uint32_t *arch_count,
-                                                      TiArch *archs);
-
-// Function `ti_get_last_error` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Gets the last error raised by Taichi C-API invocations. Returns the
-// semantical error code.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT TiError TI_API_CALL ti_get_last_error(
-    // Size of textual error message in `function.get_last_error.message`
-    uint64_t *message_size,
-    // Text buffer for the textual error message. Ignored when `message_size` is
-    // 0.
-    char *message);
-
-// Function `ti_set_last_error` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Sets the provided error as the last error raised by Taichi C-API invocations.
-// It can be useful in extended validation procedures in Taichi C-API wrappers
-// and helper libraries.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL ti_set_last_error(
-    // Semantical error code.
-    TiError error,
-    // A null-terminated string of the textual error message or `nullptr` for
-    // empty error message.
-    const char *message);
-
-// Function `ti_create_runtime` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Creates a Taichi Runtime with the specified [`TiArch`](#enumeration-tiarch).
-TI_DLL_EXPORT TiRuntime TI_API_CALL ti_create_runtime(
-    // Arch of Taichi Runtime.
-    TiArch arch,
-    // The index of device in `function.create_runtime.arch` to create Taichi
-    // Runtime on.
-    uint32_t device_index);
-
-// Function `ti_destroy_runtime` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Destroys a Taichi Runtime.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL ti_destroy_runtime(TiRuntime runtime);
-
-// Function `ti_set_runtime_capabilities_ext` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Force override the list of available capabilities in the runtime instance.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL
-ti_set_runtime_capabilities_ext(TiRuntime runtime,
-                                uint32_t capability_count,
-                                const TiCapabilityLevelInfo *capabilities);
-
-// Function `ti_get_runtime_capabilities` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Gets all capabilities available on the runtime instance.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL
-ti_get_runtime_capabilities(TiRuntime runtime,
-                            // The total number of capabilities available.
-                            uint32_t *capability_count,
-                            // Returned capabilities.
-                            TiCapabilityLevelInfo *capabilities);
-
-// Function `ti_allocate_memory` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Allocates a contiguous device memory with provided parameters.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT TiMemory TI_API_CALL
-ti_allocate_memory(TiRuntime runtime,
-                   const TiMemoryAllocateInfo *allocate_info);
-
-// Function `ti_free_memory` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Frees a memory allocation.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL ti_free_memory(TiRuntime runtime,
-                                              TiMemory memory);
-
-// Function `ti_map_memory` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Maps a device memory to a host-addressable space. You *must* ensure that the
-// device is not being used by any device command before the mapping.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void *TI_API_CALL ti_map_memory(TiRuntime runtime,
-                                              TiMemory memory);
-
-// Function `ti_unmap_memory` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Unmaps a device memory and makes any host-side changes about the memory
-// visible to the device. You *must* ensure that there is no further access to
-// the previously mapped host-addressable space.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL ti_unmap_memory(TiRuntime runtime,
-                                               TiMemory memory);
-
-// Function `ti_allocate_image` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Allocates a device image with provided parameters.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT TiImage TI_API_CALL
-ti_allocate_image(TiRuntime runtime, const TiImageAllocateInfo *allocate_info);
-
-// Function `ti_free_image` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Frees an image allocation.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL ti_free_image(TiRuntime runtime, TiImage image);
-
-// Function `ti_create_sampler`
-TI_DLL_EXPORT TiSampler TI_API_CALL
-ti_create_sampler(TiRuntime runtime, const TiSamplerCreateInfo *create_info);
-
-// Function `ti_destroy_sampler`
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL ti_destroy_sampler(TiRuntime runtime,
-                                                  TiSampler sampler);
-
-// Function `ti_copy_memory_device_to_device` (Device Command) (1.4.0)
-//
-// Copies the data in a contiguous subsection of the device memory to another
-// subsection. The two subsections *must not* overlap.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL
-ti_copy_memory_device_to_device(TiRuntime runtime,
-                                const TiMemorySlice *dst_memory,
-                                const TiMemorySlice *src_memory);
-
-// Function `ti_copy_image_device_to_device` (Device Command)
-//
-// Copies the image data in a contiguous subsection of the device image to
-// another subsection. The two subsections *must not* overlap.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL
-ti_copy_image_device_to_device(TiRuntime runtime,
-                               const TiImageSlice *dst_image,
-                               const TiImageSlice *src_image);
-
-// Function `ti_track_image_ext` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Tracks the device image with the provided image layout. Because Taichi tracks
-// image layouts internally, it is *only* useful to inform Taichi that the image
-// is transitioned to a new layout by external procedures.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL ti_track_image_ext(TiRuntime runtime,
-                                                  TiImage image,
-                                                  TiImageLayout layout);
-
-// Function `ti_transition_image` (Device Command) (1.4.0)
-//
-// Transitions the image to the provided image layout. Because Taichi tracks
-// image layouts internally, it is *only* useful to enforce an image layout for
-// external procedures to use.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL ti_transition_image(TiRuntime runtime,
-                                                   TiImage image,
-                                                   TiImageLayout layout);
-
-// Function `ti_launch_kernel` (Device Command) (1.4.0)
-//
-// Launches a Taichi kernel with the provided arguments. The arguments *must*
-// have the same count and types in the same order as in the source code.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL ti_launch_kernel(TiRuntime runtime,
-                                                TiKernel kernel,
-                                                uint32_t arg_count,
-                                                const TiArgument *args);
-
-// Function `ti_launch_compute_graph` (Device Command) (1.4.0)
-//
-// Launches a Taichi compute graph with provided named arguments. The named
-// arguments *must* have the same count, names, and types as in the source code.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL
-ti_launch_compute_graph(TiRuntime runtime,
-                        TiComputeGraph compute_graph,
-                        uint32_t arg_count,
-                        const TiNamedArgument *args);
-
-// Function `ti_flush` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Submits all previously invoked device commands to the offload device for
-// execution.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL ti_flush(TiRuntime runtime);
-
-// Function `ti_wait` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Waits until all previously invoked device commands are executed. Any invoked
-// command that has not been submitted is submitted first.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL ti_wait(TiRuntime runtime);
-
-// Function `ti_load_aot_module` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Loads a pre-compiled AOT module from the file system.
-// Returns [`TI_NULL_HANDLE`](#definition-ti_null_handle) if the runtime fails
-// to load the AOT module from the specified path.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT TiAotModule TI_API_CALL
-ti_load_aot_module(TiRuntime runtime, const char *module_path);
-
-// Function `ti_create_aot_module` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Creates a pre-compiled AOT module from TCM data.
-// Returns [`TI_NULL_HANDLE`](#definition-ti_null_handle) if the runtime fails
-// to create the AOT module from TCM data.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT TiAotModule TI_API_CALL ti_create_aot_module(TiRuntime runtime,
-                                                           const void *tcm,
-                                                           uint64_t size);
-
-// Function `ti_destroy_aot_module` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Destroys a loaded AOT module and releases all related resources.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT void TI_API_CALL ti_destroy_aot_module(TiAotModule aot_module);
-
-// Function `ti_get_aot_module_kernel` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Retrieves a pre-compiled Taichi kernel from the AOT module.
-// Returns [`TI_NULL_HANDLE`](#definition-ti_null_handle) if the module does not
-// have a kernel of the specified name.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT TiKernel TI_API_CALL
-ti_get_aot_module_kernel(TiAotModule aot_module, const char *name);
-
-// Function `ti_get_aot_module_compute_graph` (1.4.0)
-//
-// Retrieves a pre-compiled compute graph from the AOT module.
-// Returns [`TI_NULL_HANDLE`](#definition-ti_null_handle) if the module does not
-// have a compute graph of the specified name.
-TI_DLL_EXPORT TiComputeGraph TI_API_CALL
-ti_get_aot_module_compute_graph(TiAotModule aot_module, const char *name);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}  // extern "C"
-#endif  // __cplusplus