google-meridian 1.3.2__py3-none-any.whl → 1.5.0__py3-none-any.whl

meridian/model/prior_sampler.py

@@ -15,12 +15,16 @@
 """Module for sampling prior distributions in a Meridian model."""
 
 from collections.abc import Mapping
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+import functools
+from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+import warnings
 
-import arviz as az
 from meridian import backend
 from meridian import constants
+from meridian.model import context
+from meridian.model import equations
 
+# TODO: Break this circular dependency.
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
   from meridian.model import model  # pylint: disable=g-bad-import-order,g-import-not-at-top
 
@@ -63,8 +67,34 @@ def _get_tau_g(
 class PriorDistributionSampler:
   """A callable that samples from a model spec's prior distributions."""
 
-  def __init__(self, meridian: "model.Meridian"):
-    self._meridian = meridian
+  # TODO: Deprecate direct injection of `model.Meridian`.
+  def __init__(
+      self,
+      meridian: Optional["model.Meridian"] = None,
+      *,
+      model_context: context.ModelContext | None = None,
+  ):
+    if meridian is not None:
+      warnings.warn(
+          "Initializing PriorDistributionSampler with a Meridian object is"
+          " deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Please use"
+          " `model_context` instead.",
+          DeprecationWarning,
+          stacklevel=2,
+      )
+      self._meridian = meridian
+      self._model_context = meridian.model_context
+    elif model_context is not None:
+      self._meridian = None
+      self._model_context = model_context
+    else:
+      raise ValueError(
+          "Either `meridian` or `model_context` must be provided."
+      )
+
+  @functools.cached_property
+  def _model_equations(self) -> equations.ModelEquations:
+    return equations.ModelEquations(self._model_context)
 
   def _sample_media_priors(
       self,
@@ -82,9 +112,9 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
       n_media_channels]` or `[n_draws, n_media_channels]` containing the
       samples.
     """
-    mmm = self._meridian
+    ctx = self._model_context
 
-    prior = mmm.prior_broadcast
+    prior = ctx.prior_broadcast
     sample_shape = [1, n_draws]
 
     media_vars = {
@@ -103,11 +133,11 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
     }
     beta_gm_dev = backend.tfd.Sample(
         backend.tfd.Normal(0, 1),
-        [mmm.n_geos, mmm.n_media_channels],
+        [ctx.n_geos, ctx.n_media_channels],
         name=constants.BETA_GM_DEV,
     ).sample(sample_shape=sample_shape, seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed())
 
-    prior_type = mmm.model_spec.effective_media_prior_type
+    prior_type = ctx.model_spec.effective_media_prior_type
     if prior_type == constants.TREATMENT_PRIOR_TYPE_COEFFICIENT:
       media_vars[constants.BETA_M] = prior.beta_m.sample(
           sample_shape=sample_shape, seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed()
@@ -131,24 +161,22 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
       else:
         raise ValueError(f"Unsupported prior type: {prior_type}")
       incremental_outcome_m = (
-          treatment_parameter_m * mmm.media_tensors.prior_denominator
+          treatment_parameter_m * ctx.media_tensors.prior_denominator
       )
-      media_transformed = mmm.adstock_hill_media(
-          media=mmm.media_tensors.media_scaled,
+      media_transformed = self._model_equations.adstock_hill_media(
+          media=ctx.media_tensors.media_scaled,
           alpha=media_vars[constants.ALPHA_M],
           ec=media_vars[constants.EC_M],
           slope=media_vars[constants.SLOPE_M],
-          decay_functions=mmm.adstock_decay_spec.media,
+          decay_functions=ctx.adstock_decay_spec.media,
       )
-      linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference = (
-          mmm.linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference_media(
-              media_transformed=media_transformed,
-              alpha_m=media_vars[constants.ALPHA_M],
-              ec_m=media_vars[constants.EC_M],
-              slope_m=media_vars[constants.SLOPE_M],
-          )
+      linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference = self._model_equations.linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference_media(
+          media_transformed=media_transformed,
+          alpha_m=media_vars[constants.ALPHA_M],
+          ec_m=media_vars[constants.EC_M],
+          slope_m=media_vars[constants.SLOPE_M],
       )
-      beta_m_value = mmm.calculate_beta_x(
+      beta_m_value = self._model_equations.calculate_beta_x(
           is_non_media=False,
           incremental_outcome_x=incremental_outcome_m,
           linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference=linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference,
@@ -165,7 +193,7 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
     )
     beta_gm_value = (
         beta_eta_combined
-        if mmm.media_effects_dist == constants.MEDIA_EFFECTS_NORMAL
+        if ctx.media_effects_dist == constants.MEDIA_EFFECTS_NORMAL
         else backend.exp(beta_eta_combined)
     )
     media_vars[constants.BETA_GM] = backend.tfd.Deterministic(
@@ -190,9 +218,9 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
       `[n_draws, n_geos, n_rf_channels]` or `[n_draws, n_rf_channels]`
       containing the samples.
     """
-    mmm = self._meridian
+    ctx = self._model_context
 
-    prior = mmm.prior_broadcast
+    prior = ctx.prior_broadcast
     sample_shape = [1, n_draws]
 
     rf_vars = {
@@ -211,11 +239,11 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
     }
     beta_grf_dev = backend.tfd.Sample(
         backend.tfd.Normal(0, 1),
-        [mmm.n_geos, mmm.n_rf_channels],
+        [ctx.n_geos, ctx.n_rf_channels],
         name=constants.BETA_GRF_DEV,
     ).sample(sample_shape=sample_shape, seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed())
 
-    prior_type = mmm.model_spec.effective_rf_prior_type
+    prior_type = ctx.model_spec.effective_rf_prior_type
     if prior_type == constants.TREATMENT_PRIOR_TYPE_COEFFICIENT:
       rf_vars[constants.BETA_RF] = prior.beta_rf.sample(
           sample_shape=sample_shape, seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed()
@@ -239,25 +267,25 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
       else:
         raise ValueError(f"Unsupported prior type: {prior_type}")
       incremental_outcome_rf = (
-          treatment_parameter_rf * mmm.rf_tensors.prior_denominator
+          treatment_parameter_rf * ctx.rf_tensors.prior_denominator
       )
-      rf_transformed = mmm.adstock_hill_rf(
-          reach=mmm.rf_tensors.reach_scaled,
-          frequency=mmm.rf_tensors.frequency,
+      rf_transformed = self._model_equations.adstock_hill_rf(
+          reach=ctx.rf_tensors.reach_scaled,
+          frequency=ctx.rf_tensors.frequency,
           alpha=rf_vars[constants.ALPHA_RF],
           ec=rf_vars[constants.EC_RF],
           slope=rf_vars[constants.SLOPE_RF],
-          decay_functions=mmm.adstock_decay_spec.rf,
+          decay_functions=ctx.adstock_decay_spec.rf,
       )
       linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference = (
-          mmm.linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference_rf(
+          self._model_equations.linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference_rf(
               rf_transformed=rf_transformed,
               alpha_rf=rf_vars[constants.ALPHA_RF],
               ec_rf=rf_vars[constants.EC_RF],
               slope_rf=rf_vars[constants.SLOPE_RF],
           )
       )
-      beta_rf_value = mmm.calculate_beta_x(
+      beta_rf_value = self._model_equations.calculate_beta_x(
           is_non_media=False,
           incremental_outcome_x=incremental_outcome_rf,
           linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference=linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference,
@@ -275,7 +303,7 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
     )
     beta_grf_value = (
         beta_eta_combined
-        if mmm.media_effects_dist == constants.MEDIA_EFFECTS_NORMAL
+        if ctx.media_effects_dist == constants.MEDIA_EFFECTS_NORMAL
         else backend.exp(beta_eta_combined)
     )
     rf_vars[constants.BETA_GRF] = backend.tfd.Deterministic(
@@ -300,9 +328,9 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
       `[n_draws, n_geos, n_organic_media_channels]` or
       `[n_draws, n_organic_media_channels]` containing the samples.
     """
-    mmm = self._meridian
+    ctx = self._model_context
 
-    prior = mmm.prior_broadcast
+    prior = ctx.prior_broadcast
     sample_shape = [1, n_draws]
 
     organic_media_vars = {
@@ -321,11 +349,11 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
     }
     beta_gom_dev = backend.tfd.Sample(
         backend.tfd.Normal(0, 1),
-        [mmm.n_geos, mmm.n_organic_media_channels],
+        [ctx.n_geos, ctx.n_organic_media_channels],
         name=constants.BETA_GOM_DEV,
     ).sample(sample_shape=sample_shape, seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed())
 
-    prior_type = mmm.model_spec.organic_media_prior_type
+    prior_type = ctx.model_spec.organic_media_prior_type
     if prior_type == constants.TREATMENT_PRIOR_TYPE_COEFFICIENT:
       organic_media_vars[constants.BETA_OM] = prior.beta_om.sample(
           sample_shape=sample_shape, seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed()
@@ -337,16 +365,16 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
           )
       )
       incremental_outcome_om = (
-          organic_media_vars[constants.CONTRIBUTION_OM] * mmm.total_outcome
+          organic_media_vars[constants.CONTRIBUTION_OM] * ctx.total_outcome
       )
-      organic_media_transformed = mmm.adstock_hill_media(
-          media=mmm.organic_media_tensors.organic_media_scaled,
+      organic_media_transformed = self._model_equations.adstock_hill_media(
+          media=ctx.organic_media_tensors.organic_media_scaled,
           alpha=organic_media_vars[constants.ALPHA_OM],
           ec=organic_media_vars[constants.EC_OM],
           slope=organic_media_vars[constants.SLOPE_OM],
-          decay_functions=mmm.adstock_decay_spec.organic_media,
+          decay_functions=ctx.adstock_decay_spec.organic_media,
       )
-      beta_om_value = mmm.calculate_beta_x(
+      beta_om_value = self._model_equations.calculate_beta_x(
           is_non_media=False,
           incremental_outcome_x=incremental_outcome_om,
           linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference=organic_media_transformed,
@@ -367,7 +395,7 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
     )
     beta_gom_value = (
         beta_eta_combined
-        if mmm.media_effects_dist == constants.MEDIA_EFFECTS_NORMAL
+        if ctx.media_effects_dist == constants.MEDIA_EFFECTS_NORMAL
         else backend.exp(beta_eta_combined)
     )
     organic_media_vars[constants.BETA_GOM] = backend.tfd.Deterministic(
@@ -392,9 +420,9 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
       `[n_draws, n_geos, n_organic_rf_channels]` or
       `[n_draws, n_organic_rf_channels]` containing the samples.
     """
-    mmm = self._meridian
+    ctx = self._model_context
 
-    prior = mmm.prior_broadcast
+    prior = ctx.prior_broadcast
     sample_shape = [1, n_draws]
 
     organic_rf_vars = {
@@ -413,11 +441,11 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
     }
     beta_gorf_dev = backend.tfd.Sample(
         backend.tfd.Normal(0, 1),
-        [mmm.n_geos, mmm.n_organic_rf_channels],
+        [ctx.n_geos, ctx.n_organic_rf_channels],
         name=constants.BETA_GORF_DEV,
     ).sample(sample_shape=sample_shape, seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed())
 
-    prior_type = mmm.model_spec.organic_media_prior_type
+    prior_type = ctx.model_spec.organic_media_prior_type
     if prior_type == constants.TREATMENT_PRIOR_TYPE_COEFFICIENT:
       organic_rf_vars[constants.BETA_ORF] = prior.beta_orf.sample(
           sample_shape=sample_shape, seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed()
@@ -429,17 +457,17 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
           )
       )
       incremental_outcome_orf = (
-          organic_rf_vars[constants.CONTRIBUTION_ORF] * mmm.total_outcome
+          organic_rf_vars[constants.CONTRIBUTION_ORF] * ctx.total_outcome
       )
-      organic_rf_transformed = mmm.adstock_hill_rf(
-          reach=mmm.organic_rf_tensors.organic_reach_scaled,
-          frequency=mmm.organic_rf_tensors.organic_frequency,
+      organic_rf_transformed = self._model_equations.adstock_hill_rf(
+          reach=ctx.organic_rf_tensors.organic_reach_scaled,
+          frequency=ctx.organic_rf_tensors.organic_frequency,
           alpha=organic_rf_vars[constants.ALPHA_ORF],
           ec=organic_rf_vars[constants.EC_ORF],
           slope=organic_rf_vars[constants.SLOPE_ORF],
-          decay_functions=mmm.adstock_decay_spec.organic_rf,
+          decay_functions=ctx.adstock_decay_spec.organic_rf,
       )
-      beta_orf_value = mmm.calculate_beta_x(
+      beta_orf_value = self._model_equations.calculate_beta_x(
           is_non_media=False,
           incremental_outcome_x=incremental_outcome_orf,
           linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference=organic_rf_transformed,
@@ -460,7 +488,7 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
     )
     beta_gorf_value = (
         beta_eta_combined
-        if mmm.media_effects_dist == constants.MEDIA_EFFECTS_NORMAL
+        if ctx.media_effects_dist == constants.MEDIA_EFFECTS_NORMAL
         else backend.exp(beta_eta_combined)
     )
     organic_rf_vars[constants.BETA_GORF] = backend.tfd.Deterministic(
@@ -485,9 +513,9 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
       `[n_draws, n_geos, n_non_media_channels]` or
       `[n_draws, n_non_media_channels]` containing the samples.
     """
-    mmm = self._meridian
+    ctx = self._model_context
 
-    prior = mmm.prior_broadcast
+    prior = ctx.prior_broadcast
     sample_shape = [1, n_draws]
 
     non_media_treatments_vars = {
@@ -497,10 +525,10 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
     }
     gamma_gn_dev = backend.tfd.Sample(
         backend.tfd.Normal(0, 1),
-        [mmm.n_geos, mmm.n_non_media_channels],
+        [ctx.n_geos, ctx.n_non_media_channels],
         name=constants.GAMMA_GN_DEV,
     ).sample(sample_shape=sample_shape, seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed())
-    prior_type = mmm.model_spec.non_media_treatments_prior_type
+    prior_type = ctx.model_spec.non_media_treatments_prior_type
     if prior_type == constants.TREATMENT_PRIOR_TYPE_COEFFICIENT:
       non_media_treatments_vars[constants.GAMMA_N] = prior.gamma_n.sample(
           sample_shape=sample_shape, seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed()
@@ -513,15 +541,15 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
       )
       incremental_outcome_n = (
           non_media_treatments_vars[constants.CONTRIBUTION_N]
-          * mmm.total_outcome
+          * ctx.total_outcome
       )
-      baseline_scaled = mmm.non_media_transformer.forward(  # pytype: disable=attribute-error
-          mmm.compute_non_media_treatments_baseline()
+      baseline_scaled = ctx.non_media_transformer.forward(  # pytype: disable=attribute-error
+          self._model_equations.compute_non_media_treatments_baseline()
       )
       linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference = (
-          mmm.non_media_treatments_normalized - baseline_scaled
+          ctx.non_media_treatments_normalized - baseline_scaled
       )
-      gamma_n_value = mmm.calculate_beta_x(
+      gamma_n_value = self._model_equations.calculate_beta_x(
           is_non_media=True,
           incremental_outcome_x=incremental_outcome_n,
           linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference=linear_predictor_counterfactual_difference,
@@ -541,13 +569,23 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
     ).sample(seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed())
     return non_media_treatments_vars
 
-  def _sample_prior(
+  def __call__(
       self,
       n_draws: int,
       seed: int | None = None,
   ) -> Mapping[str, backend.Tensor]:
-    """Returns a mapping of prior parameters to tensors of the samples."""
-    mmm = self._meridian
+    """Draws samples from prior distributions.
+
+    Args:
+      n_draws: Number of samples drawn from the prior distribution.
+      seed: Used to set the seed for reproducible results. For more information,
+        see [PRNGS and seeds]
+        (https://github.com/tensorflow/probability/blob/main/PRNGS.md).
+
+    Returns:
+      A mapping of prior parameter names to tensors of the samples.
+    """
+    ctx = self._model_context
 
     # For stateful sampling, the random seed must be set to ensure that any
     # random numbers that are generated are deterministic.
@@ -556,7 +594,7 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
 
     rng_handler = backend.RNGHandler(seed)
 
-    prior = mmm.prior_broadcast
+    prior = ctx.prior_broadcast
     # `sample_shape` is prepended to the shape of each BatchBroadcast in `prior`
     # when it is sampled.
     sample_shape = [1, n_draws]
@@ -574,7 +612,7 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
         constants.TAU_G: (
             _get_tau_g(
                 tau_g_excl_baseline=tau_g_excl_baseline,
-                baseline_geo_idx=mmm.baseline_geo_idx,
+                baseline_geo_idx=ctx.baseline_geo_idx,
             ).sample(seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed())
         ),
     }
@@ -583,14 +621,14 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
         backend.einsum(
             "...k,kt->...t",
             base_vars[constants.KNOT_VALUES],
-            backend.to_tensor(mmm.knot_info.weights),
+            backend.to_tensor(ctx.knot_info.weights),
         ),
         name=constants.MU_T,
     ).sample(seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed())
 
     # Omit gamma_c, xi_c, and gamma_gc parameters from sampled distributions if
     # there are no control variables in the model.
-    if mmm.n_controls:
+    if ctx.n_controls:
       base_vars |= {
           constants.GAMMA_C: prior.gamma_c.sample(
               sample_shape=sample_shape, seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed()
@@ -602,7 +640,7 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
 
       gamma_gc_dev = backend.tfd.Sample(
           backend.tfd.Normal(0, 1),
-          [mmm.n_geos, mmm.n_controls],
+          [ctx.n_geos, ctx.n_controls],
           name=constants.GAMMA_GC_DEV,
       ).sample(sample_shape=sample_shape, seed=rng_handler.get_next_seed())
       base_vars[constants.GAMMA_GC] = backend.tfd.Deterministic(
@@ -613,27 +651,27 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
 
     media_vars = (
         self._sample_media_priors(n_draws, rng_handler)
-        if mmm.media_tensors.media is not None
+        if ctx.media_tensors.media is not None
         else {}
     )
     rf_vars = (
         self._sample_rf_priors(n_draws, rng_handler)
-        if mmm.rf_tensors.reach is not None
+        if ctx.rf_tensors.reach is not None
         else {}
     )
     organic_media_vars = (
         self._sample_organic_media_priors(n_draws, rng_handler)
-        if mmm.organic_media_tensors.organic_media is not None
+        if ctx.organic_media_tensors.organic_media is not None
         else {}
     )
     organic_rf_vars = (
         self._sample_organic_rf_priors(n_draws, rng_handler)
-        if mmm.organic_rf_tensors.organic_reach is not None
+        if ctx.organic_rf_tensors.organic_reach is not None
         else {}
     )
     non_media_treatments_vars = (
         self._sample_non_media_treatments_priors(n_draws, rng_handler)
-        if mmm.non_media_treatments_normalized is not None
+        if ctx.non_media_treatments_normalized is not None
         else {}
     )
 
@@ -645,21 +683,3 @@ class PriorDistributionSampler:
         | organic_rf_vars
         | non_media_treatments_vars
     )
-
-  def __call__(self, n_draws: int, seed: int | None = None) -> None:
-    """Draws samples from prior distributions.
-
-    Args:
-      n_draws: Number of samples drawn from the prior distribution.
-      seed: Used to set the seed for reproducible results. For more information,
-        see [PRNGS and seeds]
-        (https://github.com/tensorflow/probability/blob/main/PRNGS.md).
-    """
-    prior_draws = self._sample_prior(n_draws=n_draws, seed=seed)
-    # Create Arviz InferenceData for prior draws.
-    prior_coords = self._meridian.create_inference_data_coords(1, n_draws)
-    prior_dims = self._meridian.create_inference_data_dims()
-    prior_inference_data = az.convert_to_inference_data(
-        prior_draws, coords=prior_coords, dims=prior_dims, group=constants.PRIOR
-    )
-    self._meridian.inference_data.extend(prior_inference_data, join="right")

meridian/model/spec.py

@@ -14,11 +14,10 @@
 
 """Defines model specification parameters for Meridian."""
 
-from collections.abc import Mapping
+from collections.abc import Collection, Mapping
 import dataclasses
 from typing import Sequence
 import warnings
-
 from meridian import constants
 from meridian.model import prior_distribution
 import numpy as np
@@ -166,17 +165,17 @@ class ModelSpec:
       given non_media treatments channel). If `None`, the minimum value is used
       as baseline for each non-media treatments channel. This attribute is used
       as the default value for the corresponding argument to `Analyzer` methods.
-    knots: An optional integer or list of integers indicating the knots used to
-      estimate time effects. When `knots` is a list of integers, the knot
-      locations are provided by that list. Zero corresponds to a knot at the
-      first time period, one corresponds to a knot at the second time period,
-      ..., and `(n_times - 1)` corresponds to a knot at the last time period).
-      Typically, we recommend including knots at `0` and `(n_times - 1)`, but
-      this is not required. When `knots` is an integer, then there are knots
-      with locations equally spaced across the time periods, (including knots at
-      zero and `(n_times - 1)`. When `knots` is` 1`, there is a single common
-      regression coefficient used for all time periods. If `knots` is set to
-      `None`, then the numbers of knots used is equal to the number of time
+    knots: An optional integer or collection of integers indicating the knots
+      used to estimate time effects. When `knots` is a collection of integers,
+      the knot locations are provided by that list. Zero corresponds to a knot
+      at the first time period, one corresponds to a knot at the second time
+      period, ..., and `(n_times - 1)` corresponds to a knot at the last time
+      period). Typically, we recommend including knots at `0` and `(n_times -
+      1)`, but this is not required. When `knots` is an integer, then there are
+      knots with locations equally spaced across the time periods, (including
+      knots at zero and `(n_times - 1)`. When `knots` is` 1`, there is a single
+      common regression coefficient used for all time periods. If `knots` is set
+      to `None`, then the numbers of knots used is equal to the number of time
       periods in the case of a geo model. This is equivalent to each time period
       having its own regression coefficient. If `knots` is set to `None` in the
       case of a national model, then the number of knots used is `1`. Default:
@@ -235,7 +234,7 @@ class ModelSpec:
       constants.TREATMENT_PRIOR_TYPE_CONTRIBUTION
   )
   non_media_baseline_values: Sequence[float | str] | None = None
-  knots: int | list[int] | None = None
+  knots: int | Collection[int] | None = None
   baseline_geo: int | str | None = None
   holdout_id: np.ndarray | None = None
   control_population_scaling_id: np.ndarray | None = None
@@ -321,6 +320,12 @@ class ModelSpec:
         prior_type_name="rf_prior_type",
     )
 
+    if isinstance(self.knots, Collection):
+      knots_list = list(self.knots)
+      if not all(isinstance(x, (int, np.integer)) for x in knots_list):
+        raise ValueError("`knots` must be a sequence of integers.")
+      object.__setattr__(self, "knots", [int(x) for x in knots_list])
+
     # Validate knots.
     if isinstance(self.knots, list) and not self.knots:
       raise ValueError("The `knots` parameter cannot be an empty list.")
@@ -330,6 +335,10 @@ class ModelSpec:
       raise ValueError(
           "The `knots` parameter cannot be set when `enable_aks` is True."
       )
+    if not (self.knots is None or isinstance(self.knots, (int, list))):
+      raise ValueError(
+          f"Unsupported type for `knots` parameter: {type(self.knots)}."
+      )
 
   @property
   def effective_media_prior_type(self) -> str:

meridian/templates/card.html.jinja

@@ -18,13 +18,15 @@ limitations under the License.
   <card-title>
     {{ title }}
   </card-title>
-  <card-insights>
-    <card-insights-icon>
-      <img src="https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/svg/insights_24px.svg"
-            alt="insights icon" />
-    </card-insights-icon>
-    {{ insights }} {# `insights` is a pre-rendered HTML snippet. #}
-  </card-insights>
+  {% if insights %}
+    <card-insights>
+      <card-insights-icon>
+        <img src="https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/svg/insights_24px.svg"
+              alt="insights icon" />
+      </card-insights-icon>
+      {{ insights }} {# `insights` is a pre-rendered HTML snippet. #}
+    </card-insights>
+  {% endif %}
   {% if stats %}
     <stats-section>
       {% for item in stats %} {# Each `item` is a pre-rendered HTML snippet. #}

meridian/templates/chart.html.jinja

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ limitations under the License.
 #}
 
 <chart>
+  {% include "findings.html.jinja" %}
   <chart-embed id="{{ id }}"></chart-embed>
   {% if description %}
     <chart-description>
@@ -25,13 +26,7 @@ limitations under the License.
 
 <script type="text/javascript">
   (() => {
-    const opt = {
-      mode: 'vega-lite',
-      width: 'container',
-      autosize: { type: 'fit', contains: 'padding' }
-    };
     const spec = JSON.parse({{ chart_json|tojson }});
-    const chartDiv = document.getElementById('{{ id }}');
     vegaEmbed('#{{ id }}', spec).catch(console.error);
   })();
 </script>

meridian/templates/finding.html.jinja

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{#
+Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+#}
+
+<finding class="{{ finding_class }}">
+  {{ text }}
+</finding>

meridian/templates/findings.html.jinja

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{#
+Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+#}
+
+{% macro render_findings(finding_type, findings, icon_alt, icon_url) %}
+  {% if findings %}
+    {% for finding in findings %}
+      <{{ finding_type }}s>
+        <{{ finding_type }}s-icon>
+          <img src="{{ icon_url }}"
+                alt="{{ icon_alt }}" />
+        </{{ finding_type }}s-icon>
+        <p class="{{ finding_type }}-text">{{ finding }}</p>
+      </{{ finding_type }}s>
+    {% endfor %}
+  {% endif %}
+{% endmacro %}
+
+{{ render_findings('error', errors, 'error icon', 'https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/svg/error_outline_24px.svg') }}
+{{ render_findings('warning', warnings, 'warning icon', 'https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/svg/warning_amber_24px.svg') }}
+{{ render_findings('info', infos, 'info icon', 'https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/svg/info_outline_24px.svg') }}