gcj-rectify 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

gcj_rectify-0.1.0.dist-info/METADATA

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+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: gcj-rectify
+Version: 0.1.0
+Summary: Add your description here
+License-File: LICENSE
+Requires-Python: >=3.12
+Requires-Dist: fastapi>=0.116.1
+Requires-Dist: httpx>=0.28.1
+Requires-Dist: pillow>=11.3.0
+Requires-Dist: uvicorn>=0.35.0
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# gcj-rectify
+
+
+```bash
+uv run uvicorn gcj_rectify_server.main:app --reload
+```

gcj_rectify-0.1.0.dist-info/RECORD

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+gcj_rectify_server/__init__.py,sha256=QTYqXqSTHFRkM9TEgpDFcHvwLbvqHDqvqfQ9EiXkcAM,23
+gcj_rectify_server/fetch.py,sha256=EUMcJR9HDnolHHT3qrPAuOXr81GbdnUKojhhvwt0kuQ,2243
+gcj_rectify_server/main.py,sha256=qGA5_6Q94L18syCKGGdX0AF6OQcF8lyjJU8AFU-vl1k,2768
+gcj_rectify_server/maps.json,sha256=ztMPq4PaPgMUE9DqxlOM_Qv6tws_Q8L_XzwPZu3Khh4,520
+gcj_rectify_server/rectify.py,sha256=WdMCTBKokniqn3RNprMIneCm-I8-5i7nXvIbPAkTx7s,6547
+gcj_rectify_server/transform.py,sha256=pB4ICCAxY7E503RHB0zMhdeUcce1J7JkgtmFiOAJQT0,4927
+gcj_rectify_server/utils.py,sha256=qzd12AFRxAf_C0O7SjhHfzzbXk6SySiiFxTs-KuDXCM,3568
+gcj_rectify-0.1.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=epKL0BfvsftNtWiainAYiJIjqkSqE92Qh1Usm3b_Tas,378
+gcj_rectify-0.1.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=qtCwoSJWgHk21S1Kb4ihdzI2rlJ1ZKaIurTj_ngOhyQ,87
+gcj_rectify-0.1.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=KnPECyS9pEuDVsb5_0QbrX0sIdK8FLYfqX7npk1-qws,60
+gcj_rectify-0.1.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=LTlWKOboZ-3SJpK_6wg152Q-3W1GV2-HeAtRkNLjgaI,1086
+gcj_rectify-0.1.0.dist-info/RECORD,,

gcj_rectify-0.1.0.dist-info/WHEEL

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+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.27.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any

gcj_rectify-0.1.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt

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+[console_scripts]
+gcj_rectify = gcj_rectify_server.main:run

gcj_rectify-0.1.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 liuxspro
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

gcj_rectify_server/__init__.py

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+__version__ = "0.1.0"

gcj_rectify_server/fetch.py

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+from typing import Optional
+
+from httpx import AsyncClient
+
+# 全局异步HTTP客户端
+_async_client: Optional[AsyncClient] = None
+
+
+def get_async_client() -> AsyncClient:
+    """获取或创建异步HTTP客户端"""
+    global _async_client
+    if _async_client is None:
+        _async_client = AsyncClient(timeout=30.0)
+    return _async_client
+
+
+def close_async_client():
+    """关闭异步HTTP客户端（同步版本）"""
+    global _async_client
+    if _async_client is not None:
+        # 强制设置为 None，让下次调用时重新创建
+        _async_client = None
+
+
+async def close_async_client_async():
+    """关闭异步HTTP客户端（异步版本）"""
+    global _async_client
+    if _async_client is not None:
+        await _async_client.aclose()
+        _async_client = None
+
+
+def reset_async_client():
+    """重置异步HTTP客户端，强制重新创建"""
+    global _async_client
+    if _async_client is not None:
+        _async_client = None
+
+
+async def fetch_tile(url: str) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Fetch a tile image from the specified URL using an asynchronous HTTP client.
+
+    Args:
+        url (str): The URL to fetch the tile from.
+
+    Returns:
+        bytes: The content of the url and its content type.
+    Raises:
+        Exception: If the request fails or the response status is not 200.
+    """
+    try:
+        client = get_async_client()
+        async with client.stream("GET", url) as response:
+            if response.status_code != 200:
+                raise Exception(f"Failed to fetch tile from {url}")
+            content = await response.aread()
+            return content
+    except Exception as e:
+        # 如果出现事件循环相关错误，重置客户端并重试一次
+        if "Event loop is closed" in str(e) or "RuntimeError" in str(e):
+            reset_async_client()
+            client = get_async_client()
+            async with client.stream("GET", url) as response:
+                if response.status_code != 200:
+                    raise Exception(f"Failed to fetch tile from {url}")
+                content = await response.aread()
+                return content
+        else:
+            raise e

gcj_rectify_server/main.py

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+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+import argparse
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Response, Request
+import uvicorn
+
+from .fetch import reset_async_client
+from .rectify import get_tile_gcj_cached, get_tile_wgs_cached
+from .utils import get_cache_dir
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
+    """应用生命周期管理"""
+    # 启动时执行
+    # 在启动服务器前重置异步客户端，确保使用新的事件循环
+    reset_async_client()
+    yield
+    # 关闭时执行
+    from .fetch import close_async_client_async
+
+    await close_async_client_async()
+
+
+app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)
+
+
+app.state.cache_dir = Path(get_cache_dir())
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def index():
+    return {"message": "Server is Running"}
+
+
+@app.get("/config")
+def get_config(request: Request):
+    return {"cache_dir": str(request.app.state.cache_dir)}
+
+
+@app.get("/tiles/{map_id}/{z}/{x}/{y}")
+async def tile(map_id: str, z: int, x: int, y: int, request: Request):
+    """
+    Get a tile image for the specified map ID, zoom level, and row/column numbers.
+
+    Args:
+        map_id (str): The ID of the map.
+        z (int): Zoom level.
+        x (int): Tile column number.
+        y (int): Tile row number.
+        request: Fastapi Request
+    """
+    state_cache_dir = request.app.state.cache_dir
+    try:
+        if z <= 9:
+            # For zoom levels 9 and below, use GCJ02 tiles directly
+            img_bytes = await get_tile_gcj_cached(x, y, z, map_id, state_cache_dir)
+        else:
+            img_bytes = await get_tile_wgs_cached(x, y, z, map_id, state_cache_dir)
+
+        if img_bytes is None:
+            # 如果获取瓦片失败，返回空图片或错误响应
+            return Response(status_code=500, content="Failed to fetch tile")
+
+        return Response(content=img_bytes, media_type="image/png")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"获取瓦片时发生错误: {e}")
+        return Response(status_code=500, content="Internal server error")
+
+
+def run(host: str = "0.0.0.0", port: int = 8000):
+    """运行 GCJ Rectify 服务器
+
+    Args:
+        host: 服务器主机地址，默认为0.0.0.0
+        port: 服务器端口，默认为8000
+    """
+    # 解析命令行参数
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="GCJ Rectify 服务器")
+    parser.add_argument("--host", default=host, help="服务器主机地址 (默认: 0.0.0.0)")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--port", type=int, default=port, help="服务器端口 (默认: 8000)"
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    print(f"启动服务器: http://{args.host}:{args.port}")
+    uvicorn.run(app, host=args.host, port=args.port)

gcj_rectify_server/maps.json

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+{
+  "amap-vec": {
+    "name": "高德地图 - 矢量地图",
+    "url": "https://wprd02.is.autonavi.com//appmaptile?lang=zh_cn&size=1&scale=1&style=7&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}"
+  },
+  "amap-sat": {
+    "name": "高德地图 - 卫星影像",
+    "url": "https://wprd02.is.autonavi.com//appmaptile?lang=zh_cn&size=1&scale=1&style=6&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}"
+  },
+  "tencent-vec": {
+    "name": "腾讯地图 - 矢量地图",
+    "url": "http://rt0.map.gtimg.com/realtimerender?z={z}&x={x}&y={-y}&type=vector&style=0"
+  }
+}

gcj_rectify_server/rectify.py

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+import asyncio
+from io import BytesIO
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from PIL import Image
+
+from .fetch import fetch_tile
+from .utils import (
+    xyz_to_bbox,
+    wgsbbox_to_gcjbbox,
+    lonlat_to_xyz,
+    image_to_bytes,
+    bytes_to_image,
+    get_maps,
+)
+
+map_data = get_maps()
+
+
+async def get_tile_gcj(x: int, y: int, z: int, mapid: str) -> bytes:
+    """
+    获取指定瓦片的图像，这里下载的是原始瓦片(GCJ02 坐标系)。
+    Args:
+        x (int): Tile X coordinate.
+        y (int): Tile Y coordinate.
+        z (int): Zoom level.
+        mapid (str): Map Id
+    Returns:
+        bytes: Tile image bytes.
+    """
+    url = map_data[mapid]["url"]
+    if "-y" in url:
+        # 如果 URL 中包含 -y，认为是TMS格式，需要调整 Y 值
+        url = url.replace("-y", "y")
+        url = url.format(x=x, y=(2**z - 1 - y), z=z)
+    else:
+        url = url.format(x=x, y=y, z=z)
+
+    # 使用异步HTTP客户端获取瓦片
+    content = await fetch_tile(url)
+
+    return content
+
+
+async def get_tile_gcj_cached(
+    x: int, y: int, z: int, mapid: str, cache_dir: Path = Path.cwd().joinpath("cache")
+) -> Image:
+    """
+    获取指定瓦片的图像，使用缓存。
+    Args:
+        x (int): Tile X coordinate.
+        y (int): Tile Y coordinate.
+        z (int): Zoom level.
+        mapid (str): Map Id
+        cache_dir (str): 缓存目录
+    Returns:
+        Image: Tile image.
+    """
+    tile_file_path = cache_dir.joinpath(f"{mapid}/GCJ/{z}/{x}/{y}.png")
+    if tile_file_path.exists():
+        # print(f"从缓存中获取了瓦片: {tile_file_path}")
+        image = Image.open(tile_file_path)
+        return image_to_bytes(image)
+    # 如果缓存不存在，则下载瓦片并保存到缓存
+    tile_file_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    try:
+        image_bytes = await get_tile_gcj(x, y, z, mapid)
+        image = bytes_to_image(image_bytes)
+        image.save(tile_file_path, "PNG")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"获取瓦片失败: {e}")
+        # 如果是事件循环错误，尝试重置客户端并重试
+        if "Event loop is closed" in str(e) or "RuntimeError" in str(e):
+            from .fetch import reset_async_client
+
+            reset_async_client()
+            try:
+                image_bytes = await get_tile_gcj(x, y, z, mapid)
+                image = bytes_to_image(image_bytes)
+                image.save(tile_file_path, "PNG")
+            except Exception as retry_e:
+                print(f"重试获取瓦片失败: {retry_e}")
+                return None
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    return image_bytes
+
+
+async def get_tile_wgs(x: int, y: int, z: int, mapid: str) -> Image:
+    """
+    获取瓦片(调整为 WGS84 坐标系)
+    """
+    if z <= 9:
+        print("Z 小于 9 时 没有明显的偏移 直接使用 GCJ02 坐标系的瓦片")
+        return
+
+    wgs_bbox = xyz_to_bbox(x, y, z)
+    gcj_bbox = wgsbbox_to_gcjbbox(wgs_bbox)
+    left_upper, right_lower = gcj_bbox
+
+    # 计算左上角和右下角的瓦片行列号
+    x_min, y_min = lonlat_to_xyz(left_upper[0], left_upper[1], z)  # 左上角
+    x_max, y_max = lonlat_to_xyz(right_lower[0], right_lower[1], z)  # 右下角
+
+    # 创建任务列表，异步获取所有需要的瓦片
+    tasks = []
+    for ax in range(x_min, x_max + 1):
+        for ay in range(y_min, y_max + 1):
+            tasks.append(get_tile_gcj_cached(ax, ay, z, mapid))
+
+    # 并发执行所有瓦片下载任务
+    tiles = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+    tile_images = [Image.open(BytesIO(content)) for content in tiles]
+
+    # 拼合瓦片
+    composite = Image.new(
+        "RGBA", ((x_max - x_min + 1) * 256, (y_max - y_min + 1) * 256)
+    )
+
+    tile_index = 0
+    for i, ax in enumerate(range(x_min, x_max + 1)):
+        for j, ay in enumerate(range(y_min, y_max + 1)):
+            tile = tile_images[tile_index]
+            if tile:
+                composite.paste(tile, (i * 256, j * 256))
+            tile_index += 1
+
+    # 计算拼合后的瓦片范围
+    megred_bbox = xyz_to_bbox(x_min, y_min, z)[0], xyz_to_bbox(x_max, y_max, z)[1]
+
+    x_range = megred_bbox[1][0] - megred_bbox[0][0]
+    y_range = megred_bbox[0][1] - megred_bbox[1][1]
+
+    left_percent = (gcj_bbox[0][0] - megred_bbox[0][0]) / x_range
+    top_percent = (megred_bbox[0][1] - gcj_bbox[0][1]) / y_range
+    img_width, img_height = composite.size
+    # 裁剪选区(left, top, right, bottom)
+    crop_bbox = (
+        int(left_percent * img_width),
+        int(top_percent * img_height),
+        int(left_percent * img_width) + 256,
+        int(top_percent * img_height) + 256,
+    )
+
+    # 从拼合的瓦片中裁剪出对应的区域
+    croped_image = composite.crop(crop_bbox)
+    return image_to_bytes(croped_image)
+
+
+async def get_tile_wgs_cached(
+    x: int, y: int, z: int, mapid: str, cache_dir: Path = Path.cwd().joinpath("cache")
+) -> Image:
+    """
+    获取指定瓦片的图像，使用缓存。
+    Args:
+        x (int): Tile X coordinate.
+        y (int): Tile Y coordinate.
+        z (int): Zoom level.
+        mapid (str): Map Id
+        cache_dir (str): 缓存目录
+    Returns:
+        Image: Tile image.
+    """
+    tile_file_path = cache_dir.joinpath(f"{mapid}/WGS/{z}/{x}/{y}.png")
+    if tile_file_path.exists():
+        # print(f"从缓存中获取了瓦片: {tile_file_path}")
+        image = Image.open(tile_file_path)
+        return image_to_bytes(image)
+    # 如果缓存不存在，则下载瓦片并保存到缓存
+    tile_file_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    try:
+        image_bytes = await get_tile_wgs(x, y, z, mapid)
+        image = bytes_to_image(image_bytes)
+        image.save(tile_file_path, "PNG")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"获取WGS瓦片失败: {e}")
+        # 如果是事件循环错误，尝试重置客户端并重试
+        if "Event loop is closed" in str(e) or "RuntimeError" in str(e):
+            from .fetch import reset_async_client
+
+            reset_async_client()
+            try:
+                image_bytes = await get_tile_wgs(x, y, z, mapid)
+                image = bytes_to_image(image_bytes)
+                image.save(tile_file_path, "PNG")
+            except Exception as retry_e:
+                print(f"重试获取WGS瓦片失败: {retry_e}")
+                return None
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    return image_bytes
+
+
+# 测试
+
+
+# http://127.0.0.1:8000/tiles/amap-sat/11/1661/807
+# https://wprd02.is.autonavi.com//appmaptile?lang=zh_cn&size=1&scale=1&style=6&x=1661&y=807&z=11

gcj_rectify_server/transform.py

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+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+##########################################################################################
+"""
+/***************************************************************************
+ OffsetWGS84Core
+                                 A QGIS plugin
+ Class with methods for geometry and attributes processing
+                              -------------------
+        begin                : 2016-10-11
+        git sha              : $Format:%H$
+        copyright            : (C) 2017 by sshuair
+        email                : sshuair@gmail.com
+ ***************************************************************************/
+
+/***************************************************************************
+ *                                                                         *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
+ *   (at your option) any later version.                                   *
+ *                                                                         *
+ ***************************************************************************/
+"""
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import math
+
+##########################################################################################
+from builtins import zip
+from math import atan2, cos, fabs
+from math import pi as PI
+from math import sin, sqrt
+
+# from numba import jit
+
+
+# =================================================sshuair=============================================================
+# define ellipsoid
+a = 6378245.0
+f = 1 / 298.3
+b = a * (1 - f)
+ee = 1 - (b * b) / (a * a)
+
+
+# check if the point in china
+def outOfChina(lng, lat):
+    return not (72.004 <= lng <= 137.8347 and 0.8293 <= lat <= 55.8271)
+
+
+# @jit
+def geohey_transformLat(x, y):
+    ret = -100.0 + 2.0 * x + 3.0 * y + 0.2 * y * y + 0.1 * x * y + 0.2 * sqrt(fabs(x))
+    ret = ret + (20.0 * sin(6.0 * x * PI) + 20.0 * sin(2.0 * x * PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0
+    ret = ret + (20.0 * sin(y * PI) + 40.0 * sin(y / 3.0 * PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0
+    ret = ret + (160.0 * sin(y / 12.0 * PI) + 320.0 * sin(y * PI / 30.0)) * 2.0 / 3.0
+    return ret
+
+
+# @jit
+def geohey_transformLon(x, y):
+    ret = 300.0 + x + 2.0 * y + 0.1 * x * x + 0.1 * x * y + 0.1 * sqrt(fabs(x))
+    ret = ret + (20.0 * sin(6.0 * x * PI) + 20.0 * sin(2.0 * x * PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0
+    ret = ret + (20.0 * sin(x * PI) + 40.0 * sin(x / 3.0 * PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0
+    ret = ret + (150.0 * sin(x / 12.0 * PI) + 300.0 * sin(x * PI / 30.0)) * 2.0 / 3.0
+    return ret
+
+
+# @jit
+def wgs2gcj(wgsLon, wgsLat):
+    if outOfChina(wgsLon, wgsLat):
+        return wgsLon, wgsLat
+    dLat = geohey_transformLat(wgsLon - 105.0, wgsLat - 35.0)
+    dLon = geohey_transformLon(wgsLon - 105.0, wgsLat - 35.0)
+    radLat = wgsLat / 180.0 * PI
+    magic = math.sin(radLat)
+    magic = 1 - ee * magic * magic
+    sqrtMagic = sqrt(magic)
+    dLat = (dLat * 180.0) / ((a * (1 - ee)) / (magic * sqrtMagic) * PI)
+    dLon = (dLon * 180.0) / (a / sqrtMagic * cos(radLat) * PI)
+    gcjLat = wgsLat + dLat
+    gcjLon = wgsLon + dLon
+    return (gcjLon, gcjLat)
+
+
+def gcj2wgs(gcjLon, gcjLat):
+    g0 = (gcjLon, gcjLat)
+    w0 = g0
+    g1 = wgs2gcj(w0[0], w0[1])
+    # w1 = w0 - (g1 - g0)
+    w1 = tuple([x[0] - (x[1] - x[2]) for x in zip(w0, g1, g0)])
+    # delta = w1 - w0
+    delta = tuple([x[0] - x[1] for x in zip(w1, w0)])
+    while abs(delta[0]) >= 1e-6 or abs(delta[1]) >= 1e-6:
+        w0 = w1
+        g1 = wgs2gcj(w0[0], w0[1])
+        # w1 = w0 - (g1 - g0)
+        w1 = tuple([x[0] - (x[1] - x[2]) for x in zip(w0, g1, g0)])
+        # delta = w1 - w0
+        delta = tuple([x[0] - x[1] for x in zip(w1, w0)])
+    return w1
+
+
+def gcj2bd(gcjLon, gcjLat):
+    z = sqrt(gcjLon * gcjLon + gcjLat * gcjLat) + 0.00002 * sin(
+        gcjLat * PI * 3000.0 / 180.0
+    )
+    theta = atan2(gcjLat, gcjLon) + 0.000003 * cos(gcjLon * PI * 3000.0 / 180.0)
+    bdLon = z * cos(theta) + 0.0065
+    bdLat = z * sin(theta) + 0.006
+    return (bdLon, bdLat)
+
+
+def bd2gcj(bdLon, bdLat):
+    x = bdLon - 0.0065
+    y = bdLat - 0.006
+    z = sqrt(x * x + y * y) - 0.00002 * sin(y * PI * 3000.0 / 180.0)
+    theta = atan2(y, x) - 0.000003 * cos(x * PI * 3000.0 / 180.0)
+    gcjLon = z * cos(theta)
+    gcjLat = z * sin(theta)
+    return (gcjLon, gcjLat)
+
+
+def wgs2bd(wgsLon, wgsLat):
+    gcj = wgs2gcj(wgsLon, wgsLat)
+    return gcj2bd(gcj[0], gcj[1])
+
+
+def bd2wgs(bdLon, bdLat):
+    gcj = bd2gcj(bdLon, bdLat)
+    return gcj2wgs(gcj[0], gcj[1])
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # wgs2gcj
+    # coord = (112, 40)
+    # trans = WGS2GCJ()
+    print(wgs2gcj(117.136230, 34.252676))
+    print(gcj2wgs(112.00678230985764, 40.00112245823686))
+
+    # gcj2wgs

gcj_rectify_server/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+import json
+from io import BytesIO
+import os
+from math import atan, cos, log, pi, sinh, tan
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from PIL import Image
+
+from .transform import wgs2gcj
+
+APP_DIR = Path(__file__).parent
+
+
+def get_cache_dir() -> str:
+    """
+    Get the cache directory from the environment variable or default to the app directory.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: The path to the cache directory.
+    """
+    env_cache = os.getenv("GCJRE_CACHE", "")
+    if env_cache:
+        print(f"Using cache directory from environment: {env_cache}")
+        return env_cache
+    print(f"Using current directory for cache: {Path.cwd().joinpath('cache')}")
+    return str(Path.cwd().joinpath("cache"))
+
+
+def get_maps():
+    return json.load(open(str(APP_DIR.joinpath("maps.json")), "r", encoding="utf-8"))
+
+
+def bytes_to_image(content: bytes) -> Image:
+    """
+    Convert bytes to a PIL Image.
+
+    Args:
+        content (bytes): Image data in bytes.
+
+    Returns:
+        Image: PIL Image object.
+    """
+    return Image.open(BytesIO(content))
+
+
+def image_to_bytes(image: Image, format: str = "PNG") -> bytes:
+    """
+    Convert a PIL Image to bytes.
+
+    Args:
+        image (Image): PIL Image object.
+        format (str): Format to save the image, default is "PNG".
+
+    Returns:
+        bytes: Image data in bytes.
+    """
+    img_buffer = BytesIO()
+    image.save(img_buffer, format=format)
+    img_bytes = img_buffer.getvalue()
+    img_buffer.close()
+    return img_bytes
+
+
+def xyz_to_lonlat(x: int, y: int, z: int) -> tuple:
+    """
+    将XYZ瓦片坐标转换为经纬度（左上角点）。
+
+    Args:
+        x (int): Tile X coordinate.
+        y (int): Tile Y coordinate.
+        z (int): Zoom level.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple: Longitude and latitude in degrees.
+    """
+    n = 2.0**z
+    lon_deg = x / n * 360.0 - 180.0
+    lat_rad = atan(sinh(pi * (1 - 2 * y / n)))
+    lat_deg = lat_rad * 180.0 / pi
+    return lon_deg, lat_deg
+
+
+def lonlat_to_xyz(lon: float, lat: float, z: int) -> tuple:
+    """
+    Convert longitude and latitude to XYZ tile coordinates.
+
+    Args:
+        lon (float): Longitude in degrees.
+        lat (float): Latitude in degrees.
+        z (int): Zoom level.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple: Tile X and Y coordinates.
+    """
+    n = 2.0**z
+    x = (lon + 180.0) / 360.0 * n
+    lat_rad = lat * pi / 180.0
+    t = log(tan(lat_rad) + 1 / cos(lat_rad))
+    y = (1 - t / pi) * n / 2
+    return int(x), int(y)
+
+
+def xyz_to_bbox(x, y, z):
+    """
+    Convert XYZ tile coordinates to bounding box coordinates.
+
+    Args:
+        x (int): Tile X coordinate.
+        y (int): Tile Y coordinate.
+        z (int): Zoom level.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple: Bounding box in the format (min_lon, min_lat, max_lon, max_lat).
+    """
+    left_upper_lon, left_upper_lat = xyz_to_lonlat(x, y, z)
+    right_lower_lon, right_lower_lat = xyz_to_lonlat(x + 1, y + 1, z)
+
+    return (left_upper_lon, left_upper_lat), (right_lower_lon, right_lower_lat)
+
+
+def wgsbbox_to_gcjbbox(wgs_bbox):
+    """
+    Convert WGS84 bounding box to GCJ02 bounding box.
+
+    Args:
+        wgs_bbox (tuple): Bounding box in the format (min_lon, min_lat, max_lon, max_lat).
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple: GCJ02 bounding box in the same format.
+    """
+    left_upper, right_lower = wgs_bbox
+    gcj_left_upper = wgs2gcj(left_upper[0], left_upper[1])
+    gcj_right_lower = wgs2gcj(right_lower[0], right_lower[1])
+    return gcj_left_upper, gcj_right_lower