gammasimtools 0.18.0__py3-none-any.whl → 0.19.0__py3-none-any.whl

simtools/simtel/simtel_io_event_histograms.py

@@ -0,0 +1,746 @@
+"""Histograms for shower and triggered events."""
+
+import logging
+
+import astropy.units as u
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import numpy as np
+from matplotlib.colors import LogNorm
+
+from simtools.simtel.simtel_io_event_reader import SimtelIOEventDataReader
+
+
+class SimtelIOEventHistograms:
+    """
+    Generate and fill histograms for shower and triggered events.
+
+    Event data is read from the reduced MC event data file.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    event_data_file : str
+        Path to the event-data file.
+    array_name : str, optional
+        Name of the telescope array configuration (default is None).
+    telescope_list : list, optional
+        List of telescope IDs to filter the events (default is None).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, event_data_file, array_name=None, telescope_list=None):
+        """Initialize."""
+        self._logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        self.event_data_file = event_data_file
+        self.array_name = array_name
+        self.telescope_list = telescope_list
+
+        self.histograms = {}
+        self.file_info = {}
+
+        self.reader = SimtelIOEventDataReader(event_data_file, telescope_list=telescope_list)
+
+    def _fill_histogram_and_bin_edges(self, name, data, bins, hist1d=True):
+        """
+        Fill histogram and bin edges and it both to histogram dictionary.
+
+        Adds histogram to existing histogram if it exists, otherwise initializes it.
+
+        """
+        if name in self.histograms:
+            if hist1d:
+                bins = self.histograms[f"{name}_bin_edges"]
+                hist, _ = np.histogram(data, bins=bins)
+                self.histograms[name] += hist
+            else:
+                x_bins = self.histograms[f"{name}_bin_x_edges"]
+                y_bins = self.histograms[f"{name}_bin_y_edges"]
+                hist, _, _ = np.histogram2d(data[0], data[1], bins=[x_bins, y_bins])
+                self.histograms[name] += hist
+        else:
+            if hist1d:
+                hist, bin_edges = np.histogram(data, bins=bins)
+                self.histograms[name] = hist
+                self.histograms[f"{name}_bin_edges"] = bin_edges
+            else:
+                hist, x_edges, y_edges = np.histogram2d(data[0], data[1], bins=bins)
+                self.histograms[name] = hist
+                self.histograms[f"{name}_bin_x_edges"] = x_edges
+                self.histograms[f"{name}_bin_y_edges"] = y_edges
+
+    def fill(self):
+        """
+        Fill histograms with event data.
+
+        Involves looping over all event data, and therefore is the slowest part of the
+        limit calculation. Adds the histograms to the histogram dictionary.
+
+        Assume that all event data files are generated with similar configurations
+        (self.file_info contains the latest file info).
+        """
+        for data_set in self.reader.data_sets:
+            self._logger.info(f"Reading event data from {self.event_data_file} for {data_set}")
+            _file_info_table, _, event_data, triggered_data = self.reader.read_event_data(
+                self.event_data_file, table_name_map=data_set
+            )
+            _file_info_table = self.reader.get_reduced_simulation_file_info(_file_info_table)
+            self.file_info = {
+                "energy_min": _file_info_table["energy_min"].to("TeV"),
+                "core_scatter_max": _file_info_table["core_scatter_max"].to("m"),
+                "viewcone_max": _file_info_table["viewcone_max"].to("deg"),
+            }
+
+            self._fill_histogram_and_bin_edges(
+                "energy", event_data.simulated_energy, self.energy_bins
+            )
+            self._fill_histogram_and_bin_edges(
+                "core_distance", event_data.core_distance_shower, self.core_distance_bins
+            )
+            self._fill_histogram_and_bin_edges(
+                "angular_distance", triggered_data.angular_distance, self.view_cone_bins
+            )
+
+            xy_bins = np.linspace(
+                -1.0 * self.core_distance_bins.max(),
+                self.core_distance_bins.max(),
+                len(self.core_distance_bins),
+            )
+            self._fill_histogram_and_bin_edges(
+                "shower_cores",
+                (event_data.x_core_shower, event_data.y_core_shower),
+                [xy_bins, xy_bins],
+                hist1d=False,
+            )
+            self._fill_histogram_and_bin_edges(
+                "core_vs_energy",
+                (event_data.core_distance_shower, event_data.simulated_energy),
+                [self.core_distance_bins, self.energy_bins],
+                hist1d=False,
+            )
+            self._fill_histogram_and_bin_edges(
+                "angular_distance_vs_energy",
+                (triggered_data.angular_distance, event_data.simulated_energy),
+                [self.view_cone_bins, self.energy_bins],
+                hist1d=False,
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def energy_bins(self):
+        """Return bins for the energy histogram."""
+        if "energy_bin_edges" in self.histograms:
+            return self.histograms["energy_bin_edges"]
+        return np.logspace(
+            np.log10(self.file_info.get("energy_min", 1.0e-3 * u.TeV).to("TeV").value),
+            np.log10(self.file_info.get("energy_max", 1.0e3 * u.TeV).to("TeV").value),
+            100,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def core_distance_bins(self):
+        """Return bins for the core distance histogram."""
+        if "core_distance_bin_edges" in self.histograms:
+            return self.histograms["core_distance_bin_edges"]
+        return np.linspace(
+            self.file_info.get("core_scatter_min", 0.0 * u.m).to("m").value,
+            self.file_info.get("core_scatter_max", 1.0e5 * u.m).to("m").value,
+            100,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def view_cone_bins(self):
+        """Return bins for the viewcone histogram."""
+        if "viewcone_bin_edges" in self.histograms:
+            return self.histograms["viewcone_bin_edges"]
+        return np.linspace(
+            self.file_info.get("viewcone_min", 0.0 * u.deg).to("deg").value,
+            self.file_info.get("viewcone_max", 20.0 * u.deg).to("deg").value,
+            100,
+        )
+
+    def plot_data(self, output_path=None, limits=None, rebin_factor=2):
+        """
+        Histogram plotting.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        output_path: Path or str, optional
+            Directory to save plots. If None, plots will be displayed.
+        limits: dict, optional
+            Dictionary containing limits for plotting. Keys can include:
+            - "upper_radius_limit": Upper limit for core distance
+            - "lower_energy_limit": Lower limit for energy
+            - "viewcone_radius": Radius for the viewcone
+        rebin_factor: int, optional
+            Factor by which to reduce the number of bins in 2D histograms for rebinned plots.
+            Default is 2 (merge every 2 bins). Set to 0 or 1 to disable rebinning.
+        """
+        # Plot label constants
+        core_distance_label = "Core Distance [m]"
+        energy_label = "Energy [TeV]"
+        pointing_direction_label = "Distance to pointing direction [deg]"
+        cumulative_prefix = "Cumulative "
+        event_count_label = "Event Count"
+        core_x_label = "Core X [m]"
+        core_y_label = "Core Y [m]"
+
+        # Plot parameter constants
+        hist_1d_params = {"color": "tab:green", "edgecolor": "tab:green", "lw": 1}
+        hist_1d_cumulative_params = {"color": "tab:blue", "edgecolor": "tab:blue", "lw": 1}
+        hist_2d_params = {"norm": "log", "cmap": "viridis", "show_contour": False}
+        hist_2d_equal_params = {
+            "norm": "log",
+            "cmap": "viridis",
+            "aspect": "equal",
+            "show_contour": False,
+        }
+        hist_2d_normalized_params = {"norm": "linear", "cmap": "viridis", "show_contour": True}
+
+        self._logger.info(f"Plotting histograms written to {output_path}")
+
+        angular_dist_vs_energy = self.histograms.get("angular_distance_vs_energy")
+        normalized_cumulative_angular_vs_energy = self._calculate_cumulative_histogram(
+            angular_dist_vs_energy, axis=0, normalize=True
+        )
+
+        core_vs_energy = self.histograms.get("core_vs_energy")
+        normalized_cumulative_core_vs_energy = self._calculate_cumulative_histogram(
+            core_vs_energy, axis=0, normalize=True
+        )
+
+        energy_hist = self.histograms.get("energy")
+        cumulative_energy = self._calculate_cumulative_histogram(energy_hist, reverse=True)
+
+        core_distance_hist = self.histograms.get("core_distance")
+        cumulative_core_distance = self._calculate_cumulative_histogram(core_distance_hist)
+
+        angular_distance_hist = self.histograms.get("angular_distance")
+        cumulative_angular_distance = self._calculate_cumulative_histogram(angular_distance_hist)
+
+        upper_radius_limit, lower_energy_limit, viewcone_radius = self._get_limits(limits)
+
+        plots = {
+            "core_vs_energy": {
+                "data": self.histograms.get("core_vs_energy"),
+                "bins": [
+                    self.histograms.get("core_vs_energy_bin_x_edges"),
+                    self.histograms.get("core_vs_energy_bin_y_edges"),
+                ],
+                "plot_type": "histogram2d",
+                "plot_params": hist_2d_params,
+                "labels": {
+                    "x": core_distance_label,
+                    "y": energy_label,
+                    "title": "Triggered events: core distance vs energy",
+                },
+                "lines": {"x": upper_radius_limit, "y": lower_energy_limit},
+                "scales": {"y": "log"},
+                "colorbar_label": event_count_label,
+                "filename": "core_vs_energy_distribution",
+            },
+            "energy_distribution": {
+                "data": self.histograms.get("energy"),
+                "bins": self.histograms.get("energy_bin_edges"),
+                "plot_type": "histogram",
+                "plot_params": hist_1d_params,
+                "labels": {
+                    "x": energy_label,
+                    "y": event_count_label,
+                    "title": "Triggered events: energy distribution",
+                },
+                "scales": {"x": "log", "y": "log"},
+                "lines": {"x": lower_energy_limit},
+                "filename": "energy_distribution",
+            },
+            "energy_distribution_cumulative": {
+                "data": cumulative_energy,
+                "bins": self.histograms.get("energy_bin_edges"),
+                "plot_type": "histogram",
+                "plot_params": hist_1d_cumulative_params,
+                "labels": {
+                    "x": energy_label,
+                    "y": cumulative_prefix + event_count_label,
+                    "title": "Triggered events: cumulative energy distribution",
+                },
+                "scales": {"x": "log", "y": "log"},
+                "lines": {"x": lower_energy_limit},
+                "filename": "energy_distribution_cumulative",
+            },
+            "core_distance": {
+                "data": self.histograms.get("core_distance"),
+                "bins": self.histograms.get("core_distance_bin_edges"),
+                "plot_type": "histogram",
+                "plot_params": hist_1d_params,
+                "labels": {
+                    "x": core_distance_label,
+                    "y": event_count_label,
+                    "title": "Triggered events: core distance distribution",
+                },
+                "lines": {"x": upper_radius_limit},
+                "filename": "core_distance_distribution",
+            },
+            "core_distance_cumulative": {
+                "data": cumulative_core_distance,
+                "bins": self.histograms.get("core_distance_bin_edges"),
+                "plot_type": "histogram",
+                "plot_params": hist_1d_cumulative_params,
+                "labels": {
+                    "x": core_distance_label,
+                    "y": cumulative_prefix + event_count_label,
+                    "title": "Triggered events: cumulative core distance distribution",
+                },
+                "lines": {"x": upper_radius_limit},
+                "filename": "core_distance_cumulative_distribution",
+            },
+            "core_xy": {
+                "data": self.histograms.get("shower_cores"),
+                "bins": [
+                    self.histograms.get("shower_cores_bin_x_edges"),
+                    self.histograms.get("shower_cores_bin_y_edges"),
+                ],
+                "plot_type": "histogram2d",
+                "plot_params": hist_2d_equal_params,
+                "labels": {
+                    "x": core_x_label,
+                    "y": core_y_label,
+                    "title": "Triggered events: core x vs core y",
+                },
+                "colorbar_label": event_count_label,
+                "lines": {
+                    "r": upper_radius_limit,
+                },
+                "filename": "core_xy_distribution",
+            },
+            "angular_distance": {
+                "data": self.histograms.get("angular_distance"),
+                "bins": self.histograms.get("angular_distance_bin_edges"),
+                "plot_type": "histogram",
+                "plot_params": hist_1d_params,
+                "labels": {
+                    "x": pointing_direction_label,
+                    "y": event_count_label,
+                    "title": "Triggered events: angular distance distribution",
+                },
+                "lines": {"x": viewcone_radius},
+                "filename": "angular_distance_distribution",
+            },
+            "angular_distance_cumulative": {
+                "data": cumulative_angular_distance,
+                "bins": self.histograms.get("angular_distance_bin_edges"),
+                "plot_type": "histogram",
+                "plot_params": hist_1d_cumulative_params,
+                "labels": {
+                    "x": pointing_direction_label,
+                    "y": cumulative_prefix + event_count_label,
+                    "title": "Triggered events: cumulative angular distance distribution",
+                },
+                "lines": {"x": viewcone_radius},
+                "filename": "angular_distance_cumulative_distribution",
+            },
+            "angular_distance_vs_energy": {
+                "data": self.histograms.get("angular_distance_vs_energy"),
+                "bins": [
+                    self.histograms.get("angular_distance_vs_energy_bin_x_edges"),
+                    self.histograms.get("angular_distance_vs_energy_bin_y_edges"),
+                ],
+                "plot_type": "histogram2d",
+                "plot_params": hist_2d_params,
+                "labels": {
+                    "x": pointing_direction_label,
+                    "y": energy_label,
+                    "title": "Triggered events: angular distance distance vs energy",
+                },
+                "lines": {
+                    "x": viewcone_radius,
+                    "y": lower_energy_limit,
+                },
+                "scales": {"y": "log"},
+                "colorbar_label": event_count_label,
+                "filename": "angular_distance_vs_energy_distribution",
+            },
+            "angular_distance_vs_energy_cumulative": {
+                "data": normalized_cumulative_angular_vs_energy,
+                "bins": [
+                    self.histograms.get("angular_distance_vs_energy_bin_x_edges"),
+                    self.histograms.get("angular_distance_vs_energy_bin_y_edges"),
+                ],
+                "plot_type": "histogram2d",
+                "plot_params": hist_2d_normalized_params,  # Includes contour line at value=1
+                "labels": {
+                    "x": pointing_direction_label,
+                    "y": energy_label,
+                    "title": "Triggered events: fraction of events by angular distance vs energy",
+                },
+                "lines": {
+                    "x": viewcone_radius,
+                    "y": lower_energy_limit,
+                },
+                "scales": {"y": "log"},
+                "colorbar_label": "Fraction of events",
+                "filename": "angular_distance_vs_energy_cumulative_distribution",
+            },
+            "core_vs_energy_cumulative": {
+                "data": normalized_cumulative_core_vs_energy,
+                "bins": [
+                    self.histograms.get("core_vs_energy_bin_x_edges"),
+                    self.histograms.get("core_vs_energy_bin_y_edges"),
+                ],
+                "plot_type": "histogram2d",
+                "plot_params": hist_2d_normalized_params,
+                "labels": {
+                    "x": core_distance_label,
+                    "y": energy_label,
+                    "title": "Triggered events: fraction of events by core distance vs energy",
+                },
+                "lines": {
+                    "x": upper_radius_limit,
+                    "y": lower_energy_limit,
+                },
+                "scales": {"y": "log"},
+                "colorbar_label": "Fraction of events",
+                "filename": "core_vs_energy_cumulative_distribution",
+            },
+        }
+
+        for plot_key, plot_args in plots.items():
+            plot_filename = plot_args.pop("filename")
+            if self.array_name and plot_args.get("labels", {}).get("title"):
+                plot_args["labels"]["title"] += f" ({self.array_name} array)"
+
+            filename = self._build_plot_filename(plot_filename, self.array_name)
+            output_file = output_path / filename if output_path else None
+            self._create_plot(**plot_args, output_file=output_file)
+
+            if self._should_create_rebinned_plot(rebin_factor, plot_args, plot_key):
+                self._create_rebinned_plot(plot_args, filename, output_path, rebin_factor)
+
+    def _get_limits(self, limits):
+        """Extract limits from the provided dictionary for plotting."""
+        upper_radius_limit = None
+        lower_energy_limit = None
+        viewcone_radius = None
+        if limits:
+            upper_radius_limit = (
+                limits["upper_radius_limit"].value if "upper_radius_limit" in limits else None
+            )
+            lower_energy_limit = (
+                limits["lower_energy_limit"].value if "lower_energy_limit" in limits else None
+            )
+            viewcone_radius = (
+                limits["viewcone_radius"].value if "viewcone_radius" in limits else None
+            )
+        return upper_radius_limit, lower_energy_limit, viewcone_radius
+
+    def _build_plot_filename(self, base_filename, array_name=None):
+        """
+        Build the full plot filename with appropriate extensions.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        base_filename : str
+            The base filename without extension
+        array_name : str, optional
+            Name of the array to append to filename
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        str
+            Complete filename with extension
+        """
+        if array_name:
+            return f"{base_filename}_{array_name}.png"
+        return f"{base_filename}.png"
+
+    def _should_create_rebinned_plot(self, rebin_factor, plot_args, plot_key):
+        """
+        Check if a rebinned version of the plot should be created.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        rebin_factor : int
+            Factor by which to rebin the energy axis
+        plot_args : dict
+            Plot arguments
+        plot_key : str
+            Key identifying the plot type
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bool
+            True if a rebinned plot should be created, False otherwise
+        """
+        return (
+            rebin_factor > 1
+            and plot_args["plot_type"] == "histogram2d"
+            and plot_key.endswith("_cumulative")
+            and plot_args.get("plot_params", {}).get("norm") == "linear"
+        )
+
+    def _create_rebinned_plot(self, plot_args, filename, output_path, rebin_factor):
+        """
+        Create a rebinned version of a 2D histogram plot.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        plot_args : dict
+            Plot arguments for the original plot
+        filename : str
+            Filename of the original plot
+        output_path : Path or None
+            Path to save the plot to, or None
+        rebin_factor : int
+            Factor by which to rebin the energy axis
+        """
+        data = plot_args["data"]
+        bins = plot_args["bins"]
+
+        rebinned_data, rebinned_x_bins, rebinned_y_bins = self._rebin_2d_histogram(
+            data, bins[0], bins[1], rebin_factor
+        )
+
+        rebinned_plot_args = plot_args.copy()
+        rebinned_plot_args["data"] = rebinned_data
+        rebinned_plot_args["bins"] = [rebinned_x_bins, rebinned_y_bins]
+
+        if rebinned_plot_args.get("labels", {}).get("title"):
+            rebinned_plot_args["labels"]["title"] += f" (Energy rebinned {rebin_factor}x)"
+
+        rebinned_filename = f"{filename.replace('.png', '')}_rebinned.png"
+        rebinned_output_file = output_path / rebinned_filename if output_path else None
+        self._create_plot(**rebinned_plot_args, output_file=rebinned_output_file)
+
+    def _create_plot(
+        self,
+        data,
+        bins=None,
+        plot_type="histogram",
+        plot_params=None,
+        labels=None,
+        scales=None,
+        colorbar_label=None,
+        output_file=None,
+        lines=None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Create and save a plot with the given parameters.
+
+        For normalized 2D histograms, a contour line is drawn at the value of 1.0
+        to indicate the boundary where each energy bin reaches complete containment.
+        This can be controlled with the 'show_contour' parameter in plot_params.
+        """
+        plot_params = plot_params or {}
+        labels = labels or {}
+        scales = scales or {}
+        lines = lines or {}
+
+        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6))
+
+        if plot_type == "histogram":
+            plt.bar(bins[:-1], data, width=np.diff(bins), **plot_params)
+        elif plot_type == "histogram2d":
+            pcm = self._create_2d_histogram_plot(data, bins, plot_params)
+            plt.colorbar(pcm, label=colorbar_label)
+
+        if "x" in lines:
+            plt.axvline(lines["x"], color="r", linestyle="--", linewidth=0.5)
+        if "y" in lines:
+            plt.axhline(lines["y"], color="r", linestyle="--", linewidth=0.5)
+        if "r" in lines:
+            circle = plt.Circle(
+                (0, 0), lines["r"], color="r", fill=False, linestyle="--", linewidth=0.5
+            )
+            plt.gca().add_artist(circle)
+
+        ax.set(
+            xlabel=labels.get("x", ""),
+            ylabel=labels.get("y", ""),
+            title=labels.get("title", ""),
+            xscale=scales.get("x", "linear"),
+            yscale=scales.get("y", "linear"),
+        )
+
+        if output_file:
+            self._logger.info(f"Saving plot to {output_file}")
+            plt.savefig(output_file, dpi=300, bbox_inches="tight")
+            plt.close()
+        else:
+            plt.tight_layout()
+            plt.show()
+
+        return fig
+
+    def _create_2d_histogram_plot(self, data, bins, plot_params):
+        """
+        Create a 2D histogram plot with the given parameters.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        data : np.ndarray
+            2D histogram data
+        bins : tuple of np.ndarray
+            Bin edges for x and y axes
+        plot_params : dict
+            Plot parameters including norm, cmap, and show_contour
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh
+            The created pcolormesh object for colorbar attachment
+        """
+        if plot_params.get("norm") == "linear":
+            pcm = plt.pcolormesh(
+                bins[0],
+                bins[1],
+                data.T,
+                vmin=0,
+                vmax=1,
+                cmap=plot_params.get("cmap", "viridis"),
+            )
+            # Add contour line at value=1.0 for normalized histograms
+            if plot_params.get("show_contour", True):
+                x_centers = (bins[0][1:] + bins[0][:-1]) / 2
+                y_centers = (bins[1][1:] + bins[1][:-1]) / 2
+                x_mesh, y_mesh = np.meshgrid(x_centers, y_centers)
+                plt.contour(
+                    x_mesh,
+                    y_mesh,
+                    data.T,
+                    levels=[0.999999],  # very close to 1 for floating point precision
+                    colors=["tab:red"],
+                    linestyles=["--"],
+                    linewidths=[0.5],
+                )
+        else:
+            pcm = plt.pcolormesh(
+                bins[0], bins[1], data.T, norm=LogNorm(vmin=1, vmax=data.max()), cmap="viridis"
+            )
+
+        return pcm
+
+    def _calculate_cumulative_histogram(self, hist, reverse=False, axis=None, normalize=False):
+        """
+        Calculate cumulative distribution of a histogram.
+
+        Works with both 1D and 2D histograms.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        hist : np.ndarray
+            Histogram (1D or 2D)
+        reverse : bool, optional
+            If True, sum from high to low values
+        axis : int, optional
+            For 2D histograms, axis along which to compute cumulative sum
+            None means default behavior: for 1D just cumsum, for 2D along rows
+        normalize : bool, optional
+            If True, normalize by the total sum for each slice along the specified axis
+            For 1D histograms, normalizes by the total sum
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        np.ndarray
+            Histogram with cumulative counts, optionally normalized
+        """
+        if hist is None:
+            return None
+
+        if hist.ndim == 1:
+            result = self._calculate_cumulative_1d(hist, reverse)
+            if normalize and np.sum(hist) > 0:
+                result = result / np.sum(hist)
+            return result
+
+        if axis is None:
+            axis = 1
+
+        result = self._apply_cumsum_along_axis(hist.copy(), axis, reverse)
+
+        if normalize:
+            self._normalize_along_axis(result, hist, axis)
+
+        return result
+
+    def _normalize_along_axis(self, result, hist, axis):
+        """
+        Normalize cumulative histogram along the specified axis.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        result : np.ndarray
+            Cumulative histogram to normalize (modified in-place)
+        hist : np.ndarray
+            Original histogram (for calculating totals)
+        axis : int
+            Axis along which normalization should be applied
+        """
+        normalized = np.zeros_like(result, dtype=float)
+
+        if axis == 0:
+            for i in range(result.shape[1]):
+                col_total = np.sum(hist[:, i])
+                if col_total > 0:
+                    normalized[:, i] = result[:, i] / col_total
+        else:  # axis == 1
+            for i in range(result.shape[0]):
+                row_total = np.sum(hist[i, :])
+                if row_total > 0:
+                    normalized[i, :] = result[i, :] / row_total
+
+        np.copyto(result, normalized)
+
+    def _calculate_cumulative_1d(self, hist, reverse):
+        """Calculate cumulative distribution for 1D histogram."""
+        if reverse:
+            return np.cumsum(hist[::-1])[::-1]
+        return np.cumsum(hist)
+
+    def _calculate_cumulative_2d(self, hist, reverse, axis=None):
+        """Calculate cumulative distribution for 2D histogram."""
+        if axis is None:
+            axis = 1
+
+        return self._apply_cumsum_along_axis(hist, axis, reverse)
+
+    def _apply_cumsum_along_axis(self, hist, axis, reverse):
+        """Apply cumulative sum along the specified axis of a 2D histogram."""
+
+        def cumsum_func(arr):
+            return np.cumsum(arr[::-1])[::-1] if reverse else np.cumsum(arr)
+
+        return np.apply_along_axis(cumsum_func, axis, hist)
+
+    def _rebin_2d_histogram(self, hist, x_bins, y_bins, rebin_factor=2):
+        """
+        Rebin a 2D histogram by merging neighboring bins along the energy dimension (y-axis) only.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        hist : np.ndarray
+            Original 2D histogram data
+        x_bins : np.ndarray
+            Original x-axis bin edges (preserved)
+        y_bins : np.ndarray
+            Original y-axis (energy) bin edges
+        rebin_factor : int, optional
+            Factor by which to reduce the number of bins in the energy dimension
+            Default is 2 (merge every 2 bins)
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        tuple
+            (rebinned_hist, x_bins, rebinned_y_bins)
+        """
+        if rebin_factor <= 1:
+            return hist, x_bins, y_bins
+
+        x_size = hist.shape[0]
+        new_y_size = hist.shape[1] // rebin_factor
+
+        new_hist = np.zeros((x_size, new_y_size), dtype=float)
+
+        for i in range(x_size):
+            for j in range(new_y_size):
+                y_start = j * rebin_factor
+                y_end = (j + 1) * rebin_factor
+                new_hist[i, j] = np.sum(hist[i, y_start:y_end])
+
+        new_y_bins = y_bins[::rebin_factor]
+
+        return new_hist, x_bins, new_y_bins