fsspec 2024.12.0__py3-none-any.whl → 2025.3.0__py3-none-any.whl

fsspec/implementations/http_sync.py

@@ -0,0 +1,932 @@
+"""This file is largely copied from http.py"""
+
+import io
+import logging
+import re
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.parse
+from copy import copy
+from json import dumps, loads
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+try:
+    import yarl
+except (ImportError, ModuleNotFoundError, OSError):
+    yarl = False
+
+from fsspec.callbacks import _DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from fsspec.registry import register_implementation
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile, AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.utils import DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE, isfilelike, nullcontext, tokenize
+
+from ..caching import AllBytes
+
+# https://stackoverflow.com/a/15926317/3821154
+ex = re.compile(r"""<(a|A)\s+(?:[^>]*?\s+)?(href|HREF)=["'](?P<url>[^"']+)""")
+ex2 = re.compile(r"""(?P<url>http[s]?://[-a-zA-Z0-9@:%_+.~#?&/=]+)""")
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.http")
+
+
+class JsHttpException(urllib.error.HTTPError): ...
+
+
+class StreamIO(io.BytesIO):
+    # fake class, so you can set attributes on it
+    # will eventually actually stream
+    ...
+
+
+class ResponseProxy:
+    """Looks like a requests response"""
+
+    def __init__(self, req, stream=False):
+        self.request = req
+        self.stream = stream
+        self._data = None
+        self._headers = None
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self):
+        if self._data is None:
+            b = self.request.response.to_bytes()
+            if self.stream:
+                self._data = StreamIO(b)
+            else:
+                self._data = b
+        return self._data
+
+    def close(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "_data"):
+            del self._data
+
+    @property
+    def headers(self):
+        if self._headers is None:
+            self._headers = dict(
+                [
+                    _.split(": ")
+                    for _ in self.request.getAllResponseHeaders().strip().split("\r\n")
+                ]
+            )
+        return self._headers
+
+    @property
+    def status_code(self):
+        return int(self.request.status)
+
+    def raise_for_status(self):
+        if not self.ok:
+            raise JsHttpException(
+                self.url, self.status_code, self.reason, self.headers, None
+            )
+
+    def iter_content(self, chunksize, *_, **__):
+        while True:
+            out = self.raw.read(chunksize)
+            if out:
+                yield out
+            else:
+                break
+
+    @property
+    def reason(self):
+        return self.request.statusText
+
+    @property
+    def ok(self):
+        return self.status_code < 400
+
+    @property
+    def url(self):
+        return self.request.response.responseURL
+
+    @property
+    def text(self):
+        # TODO: encoding from headers
+        return self.content.decode()
+
+    @property
+    def content(self):
+        self.stream = False
+        return self.raw
+
+    @property
+    def json(self):
+        return loads(self.text)
+
+
+class RequestsSessionShim:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.headers = {}
+
+    def request(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        params=None,
+        data=None,
+        headers=None,
+        cookies=None,
+        files=None,
+        auth=None,
+        timeout=None,
+        allow_redirects=None,
+        proxies=None,
+        hooks=None,
+        stream=None,
+        verify=None,
+        cert=None,
+        json=None,
+    ):
+        from js import Blob, XMLHttpRequest
+
+        logger.debug("JS request: %s %s", method, url)
+
+        if cert or verify or proxies or files or cookies or hooks:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        if data and json:
+            raise ValueError("Use json= or data=, not both")
+        req = XMLHttpRequest.new()
+        extra = auth if auth else ()
+        if params:
+            url = f"{url}?{urllib.parse.urlencode(params)}"
+        req.open(method, url, False, *extra)
+        if timeout:
+            req.timeout = timeout
+        if headers:
+            for k, v in headers.items():
+                req.setRequestHeader(k, v)
+
+        req.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/octet-stream")
+        req.responseType = "arraybuffer"
+        if json:
+            blob = Blob.new([dumps(data)], {type: "application/json"})
+            req.send(blob)
+        elif data:
+            if isinstance(data, io.IOBase):
+                data = data.read()
+            blob = Blob.new([data], {type: "application/octet-stream"})
+            req.send(blob)
+        else:
+            req.send(None)
+        return ResponseProxy(req, stream=stream)
+
+    def get(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("GET", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def head(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("HEAD", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def post(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("POST}", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def put(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("PUT", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def patch(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("PATCH", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def delete(self, url, **kwargs):
+        return self.request("DELETE", url, **kwargs)
+
+
+class HTTPFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """
+    Simple File-System for fetching data via HTTP(S)
+
+    This is the BLOCKING version of the normal HTTPFileSystem. It uses
+    requests in normal python and the JS runtime in pyodide.
+
+    ***This implementation is extremely experimental, do not use unless
+    you are testing pyodide/pyscript integration***
+    """
+
+    protocol = ("http", "https", "sync_http", "sync_https")
+    sep = "/"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        simple_links=True,
+        block_size=None,
+        same_scheme=True,
+        cache_type="readahead",
+        cache_options=None,
+        client_kwargs=None,
+        encoded=False,
+        **storage_options,
+    ):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        block_size: int
+            Blocks to read bytes; if 0, will default to raw requests file-like
+            objects instead of HTTPFile instances
+        simple_links: bool
+            If True, will consider both HTML <a> tags and anything that looks
+            like a URL; if False, will consider only the former.
+        same_scheme: True
+            When doing ls/glob, if this is True, only consider paths that have
+            http/https matching the input URLs.
+        size_policy: this argument is deprecated
+        client_kwargs: dict
+            Passed to aiohttp.ClientSession, see
+            https://docs.aiohttp.org/en/stable/client_reference.html
+            For example, ``{'auth': aiohttp.BasicAuth('user', 'pass')}``
+        storage_options: key-value
+            Any other parameters passed on to requests
+        cache_type, cache_options: defaults used in open
+        """
+        super().__init__(self, **storage_options)
+        self.block_size = block_size if block_size is not None else DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE
+        self.simple_links = simple_links
+        self.same_schema = same_scheme
+        self.cache_type = cache_type
+        self.cache_options = cache_options
+        self.client_kwargs = client_kwargs or {}
+        self.encoded = encoded
+        self.kwargs = storage_options
+
+        try:
+            import js  # noqa: F401
+
+            logger.debug("Starting JS session")
+            self.session = RequestsSessionShim()
+            self.js = True
+        except Exception as e:
+            import requests
+
+            logger.debug("Starting cpython session because of: %s", e)
+            self.session = requests.Session(**(client_kwargs or {}))
+            self.js = False
+
+        request_options = copy(storage_options)
+        self.use_listings_cache = request_options.pop("use_listings_cache", False)
+        request_options.pop("listings_expiry_time", None)
+        request_options.pop("max_paths", None)
+        request_options.pop("skip_instance_cache", None)
+        self.kwargs = request_options
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return "http_sync"
+
+    def encode_url(self, url):
+        if yarl:
+            return yarl.URL(url, encoded=self.encoded)
+        return url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path: str) -> str:
+        """For HTTP, we always want to keep the full URL"""
+        path = path.replace("http_sync://", "http://").replace(
+            "https_sync://", "https://"
+        )
+        return path
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parent(cls, path):
+        # override, since _strip_protocol is different for URLs
+        par = super()._parent(path)
+        if len(par) > 7:  # "http://..."
+            return par
+        return ""
+
+    def _ls_real(self, url, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        # ignoring URL-encoded arguments
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(url)
+        r = self.session.get(self.encode_url(url), **self.kwargs)
+        self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+        text = r.text
+        if self.simple_links:
+            links = ex2.findall(text) + [u[2] for u in ex.findall(text)]
+        else:
+            links = [u[2] for u in ex.findall(text)]
+        out = set()
+        parts = urlparse(url)
+        for l in links:
+            if isinstance(l, tuple):
+                l = l[1]
+            if l.startswith("/") and len(l) > 1:
+                # absolute URL on this server
+                l = parts.scheme + "://" + parts.netloc + l
+            if l.startswith("http"):
+                if self.same_schema and l.startswith(url.rstrip("/") + "/"):
+                    out.add(l)
+                elif l.replace("https", "http").startswith(
+                    url.replace("https", "http").rstrip("/") + "/"
+                ):
+                    # allowed to cross http <-> https
+                    out.add(l)
+            else:
+                if l not in ["..", "../"]:
+                    # Ignore FTP-like "parent"
+                    out.add("/".join([url.rstrip("/"), l.lstrip("/")]))
+        if not out and url.endswith("/"):
+            out = self._ls_real(url.rstrip("/"), detail=False)
+        if detail:
+            return [
+                {
+                    "name": u,
+                    "size": None,
+                    "type": "directory" if u.endswith("/") else "file",
+                }
+                for u in out
+            ]
+        else:
+            return sorted(out)
+
+    def ls(self, url, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        if self.use_listings_cache and url in self.dircache:
+            out = self.dircache[url]
+        else:
+            out = self._ls_real(url, detail=detail, **kwargs)
+            self.dircache[url] = out
+        return out
+
+    def _raise_not_found_for_status(self, response, url):
+        """
+        Raises FileNotFoundError for 404s, otherwise uses raise_for_status.
+        """
+        if response.status_code == 404:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(url)
+        response.raise_for_status()
+
+    def cat_file(self, url, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(url)
+
+        if start is not None or end is not None:
+            if start == end:
+                return b""
+            headers = kw.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+
+            headers["Range"] = self._process_limits(url, start, end)
+            kw["headers"] = headers
+        r = self.session.get(self.encode_url(url), **kw)
+        self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+        return r.content
+
+    def get_file(
+        self, rpath, lpath, chunk_size=5 * 2**20, callback=_DEFAULT_CALLBACK, **kwargs
+    ):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        logger.debug(rpath)
+        r = self.session.get(self.encode_url(rpath), **kw)
+        try:
+            size = int(
+                r.headers.get("content-length", None)
+                or r.headers.get("Content-Length", None)
+            )
+        except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):
+            size = None
+
+        callback.set_size(size)
+        self._raise_not_found_for_status(r, rpath)
+        if not isfilelike(lpath):
+            lpath = open(lpath, "wb")
+        for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size, decode_unicode=False):
+            lpath.write(chunk)
+            callback.relative_update(len(chunk))
+
+    def put_file(
+        self,
+        lpath,
+        rpath,
+        chunk_size=5 * 2**20,
+        callback=_DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        method="post",
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        def gen_chunks():
+            # Support passing arbitrary file-like objects
+            # and use them instead of streams.
+            if isinstance(lpath, io.IOBase):
+                context = nullcontext(lpath)
+                use_seek = False  # might not support seeking
+            else:
+                context = open(lpath, "rb")
+                use_seek = True
+
+            with context as f:
+                if use_seek:
+                    callback.set_size(f.seek(0, 2))
+                    f.seek(0)
+                else:
+                    callback.set_size(getattr(f, "size", None))
+
+                chunk = f.read(chunk_size)
+                while chunk:
+                    yield chunk
+                    callback.relative_update(len(chunk))
+                    chunk = f.read(chunk_size)
+
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+
+        method = method.lower()
+        if method not in ("post", "put"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"method has to be either 'post' or 'put', not: {method!r}"
+            )
+
+        meth = getattr(self.session, method)
+        resp = meth(rpath, data=gen_chunks(), **kw)
+        self._raise_not_found_for_status(resp, rpath)
+
+    def _process_limits(self, url, start, end):
+        """Helper for "Range"-based _cat_file"""
+        size = None
+        suff = False
+        if start is not None and start < 0:
+            # if start is negative and end None, end is the "suffix length"
+            if end is None:
+                end = -start
+                start = ""
+                suff = True
+            else:
+                size = size or self.info(url)["size"]
+                start = size + start
+        elif start is None:
+            start = 0
+        if not suff:
+            if end is not None and end < 0:
+                if start is not None:
+                    size = size or self.info(url)["size"]
+                    end = size + end
+            elif end is None:
+                end = ""
+            if isinstance(end, int):
+                end -= 1  # bytes range is inclusive
+        return f"bytes={start}-{end}"
+
+    def exists(self, path, **kwargs):
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        try:
+            logger.debug(path)
+            r = self.session.get(self.encode_url(path), **kw)
+            return r.status_code < 400
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+
+    def isfile(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return self.exists(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=None,  # XXX: This differs from the base class.
+        cache_type=None,
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Make a file-like object
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Full URL with protocol
+        mode: string
+            must be "rb"
+        block_size: int or None
+            Bytes to download in one request; use instance value if None. If
+            zero, will return a streaming Requests file-like instance.
+        kwargs: key-value
+            Any other parameters, passed to requests calls
+        """
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        block_size = block_size if block_size is not None else self.block_size
+        kw = self.kwargs.copy()
+        kw.update(kwargs)
+        size = size or self.info(path, **kwargs)["size"]
+        if block_size and size:
+            return HTTPFile(
+                self,
+                path,
+                session=self.session,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                mode=mode,
+                size=size,
+                cache_type=cache_type or self.cache_type,
+                cache_options=cache_options or self.cache_options,
+                **kw,
+            )
+        else:
+            return HTTPStreamFile(
+                self,
+                path,
+                mode=mode,
+                session=self.session,
+                **kw,
+            )
+
+    def ukey(self, url):
+        """Unique identifier; assume HTTP files are static, unchanging"""
+        return tokenize(url, self.kwargs, self.protocol)
+
+    def info(self, url, **kwargs):
+        """Get info of URL
+
+        Tries to access location via HEAD, and then GET methods, but does
+        not fetch the data.
+
+        It is possible that the server does not supply any size information, in
+        which case size will be given as None (and certain operations on the
+        corresponding file will not work).
+        """
+        info = {}
+        for policy in ["head", "get"]:
+            try:
+                info.update(
+                    _file_info(
+                        self.encode_url(url),
+                        size_policy=policy,
+                        session=self.session,
+                        **self.kwargs,
+                        **kwargs,
+                    )
+                )
+                if info.get("size") is not None:
+                    break
+            except Exception as exc:
+                if policy == "get":
+                    # If get failed, then raise a FileNotFoundError
+                    raise FileNotFoundError(url) from exc
+                logger.debug(str(exc))
+
+        return {"name": url, "size": None, **info, "type": "file"}
+
+    def glob(self, path, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Find files by glob-matching.
+
+        This implementation is idntical to the one in AbstractFileSystem,
+        but "?" is not considered as a character for globbing, because it is
+        so common in URLs, often identifying the "query" part.
+        """
+        import re
+
+        ends = path.endswith("/")
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        indstar = path.find("*") if path.find("*") >= 0 else len(path)
+        indbrace = path.find("[") if path.find("[") >= 0 else len(path)
+
+        ind = min(indstar, indbrace)
+
+        detail = kwargs.pop("detail", False)
+
+        if not has_magic(path):
+            root = path
+            depth = 1
+            if ends:
+                path += "/*"
+            elif self.exists(path):
+                if not detail:
+                    return [path]
+                else:
+                    return {path: self.info(path)}
+            else:
+                if not detail:
+                    return []  # glob of non-existent returns empty
+                else:
+                    return {}
+        elif "/" in path[:ind]:
+            ind2 = path[:ind].rindex("/")
+            root = path[: ind2 + 1]
+            depth = None if "**" in path else path[ind2 + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+        else:
+            root = ""
+            depth = None if "**" in path else path[ind + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+
+        allpaths = self.find(
+            root, maxdepth=maxdepth or depth, withdirs=True, detail=True, **kwargs
+        )
+        # Escape characters special to python regex, leaving our supported
+        # special characters in place.
+        # See https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Pattern-Matching.html
+        # for shell globbing details.
+        pattern = (
+            "^"
+            + (
+                path.replace("\\", r"\\")
+                .replace(".", r"\.")
+                .replace("+", r"\+")
+                .replace("//", "/")
+                .replace("(", r"\(")
+                .replace(")", r"\)")
+                .replace("|", r"\|")
+                .replace("^", r"\^")
+                .replace("$", r"\$")
+                .replace("{", r"\{")
+                .replace("}", r"\}")
+                .rstrip("/")
+            )
+            + "$"
+        )
+        pattern = re.sub("[*]{2}", "=PLACEHOLDER=", pattern)
+        pattern = re.sub("[*]", "[^/]*", pattern)
+        pattern = re.compile(pattern.replace("=PLACEHOLDER=", ".*"))
+        out = {
+            p: allpaths[p]
+            for p in sorted(allpaths)
+            if pattern.match(p.replace("//", "/").rstrip("/"))
+        }
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        else:
+            return list(out)
+
+    def isdir(self, path):
+        # override, since all URLs are (also) files
+        try:
+            return bool(self.ls(path))
+        except (FileNotFoundError, ValueError):
+            return False
+
+
+class HTTPFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    """
+    A file-like object pointing to a remove HTTP(S) resource
+
+    Supports only reading, with read-ahead of a predermined block-size.
+
+    In the case that the server does not supply the filesize, only reading of
+    the complete file in one go is supported.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    url: str
+        Full URL of the remote resource, including the protocol
+    session: requests.Session or None
+        All calls will be made within this session, to avoid restarting
+        connections where the server allows this
+    block_size: int or None
+        The amount of read-ahead to do, in bytes. Default is 5MB, or the value
+        configured for the FileSystem creating this file
+    size: None or int
+        If given, this is the size of the file in bytes, and we don't attempt
+        to call the server to find the value.
+    kwargs: all other key-values are passed to requests calls.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        url,
+        session=None,
+        block_size=None,
+        mode="rb",
+        cache_type="bytes",
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise NotImplementedError("File mode not supported")
+        self.url = url
+        self.session = session
+        self.details = {"name": url, "size": size, "type": "file"}
+        super().__init__(
+            fs=fs,
+            path=url,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            cache_type=cache_type,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def read(self, length=-1):
+        """Read bytes from file
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        length: int
+            Read up to this many bytes. If negative, read all content to end of
+            file. If the server has not supplied the filesize, attempting to
+            read only part of the data will raise a ValueError.
+        """
+        if (
+            (length < 0 and self.loc == 0)  # explicit read all
+            # but not when the size is known and fits into a block anyways
+            and not (self.size is not None and self.size <= self.blocksize)
+        ):
+            self._fetch_all()
+        if self.size is None:
+            if length < 0:
+                self._fetch_all()
+        else:
+            length = min(self.size - self.loc, length)
+        return super().read(length)
+
+    def _fetch_all(self):
+        """Read whole file in one shot, without caching
+
+        This is only called when position is still at zero,
+        and read() is called without a byte-count.
+        """
+        logger.debug(f"Fetch all for {self}")
+        if not isinstance(self.cache, AllBytes):
+            r = self.session.get(self.fs.encode_url(self.url), **self.kwargs)
+            r.raise_for_status()
+            out = r.content
+            self.cache = AllBytes(size=len(out), fetcher=None, blocksize=None, data=out)
+            self.size = len(out)
+
+    def _parse_content_range(self, headers):
+        """Parse the Content-Range header"""
+        s = headers.get("Content-Range", "")
+        m = re.match(r"bytes (\d+-\d+|\*)/(\d+|\*)", s)
+        if not m:
+            return None, None, None
+
+        if m[1] == "*":
+            start = end = None
+        else:
+            start, end = [int(x) for x in m[1].split("-")]
+        total = None if m[2] == "*" else int(m[2])
+        return start, end, total
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Download a block of data
+
+        The expectation is that the server returns only the requested bytes,
+        with HTTP code 206. If this is not the case, we first check the headers,
+        and then stream the output - if the data size is bigger than we
+        requested, an exception is raised.
+        """
+        logger.debug(f"Fetch range for {self}: {start}-{end}")
+        kwargs = self.kwargs.copy()
+        headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+        headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end - 1}"
+        logger.debug("%s : %s", self.url, headers["Range"])
+        r = self.session.get(self.fs.encode_url(self.url), headers=headers, **kwargs)
+        if r.status_code == 416:
+            # range request outside file
+            return b""
+        r.raise_for_status()
+
+        # If the server has handled the range request, it should reply
+        # with status 206 (partial content). But we'll guess that a suitable
+        # Content-Range header or a Content-Length no more than the
+        # requested range also mean we have got the desired range.
+        cl = r.headers.get("Content-Length", r.headers.get("content-length", end + 1))
+        response_is_range = (
+            r.status_code == 206
+            or self._parse_content_range(r.headers)[0] == start
+            or int(cl) <= end - start
+        )
+
+        if response_is_range:
+            # partial content, as expected
+            out = r.content
+        elif start > 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The HTTP server doesn't appear to support range requests. "
+                "Only reading this file from the beginning is supported. "
+                "Open with block_size=0 for a streaming file interface."
+            )
+        else:
+            # Response is not a range, but we want the start of the file,
+            # so we can read the required amount anyway.
+            cl = 0
+            out = []
+            for chunk in r.iter_content(2**20, False):
+                out.append(chunk)
+                cl += len(chunk)
+            out = b"".join(out)[: end - start]
+        return out
+
+
+magic_check = re.compile("([*[])")
+
+
+def has_magic(s):
+    match = magic_check.search(s)
+    return match is not None
+
+
+class HTTPStreamFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def __init__(self, fs, url, mode="rb", session=None, **kwargs):
+        self.url = url
+        self.session = session
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError
+        self.details = {"name": url, "size": None}
+        super().__init__(fs=fs, path=url, mode=mode, cache_type="readahead", **kwargs)
+
+        r = self.session.get(self.fs.encode_url(url), stream=True, **kwargs)
+        self.fs._raise_not_found_for_status(r, url)
+        self.it = r.iter_content(1024, False)
+        self.leftover = b""
+
+        self.r = r
+
+    def seek(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        raise ValueError("Cannot seek streaming HTTP file")
+
+    def read(self, num=-1):
+        bufs = [self.leftover]
+        leng = len(self.leftover)
+        while leng < num or num < 0:
+            try:
+                out = self.it.__next__()
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+            if out:
+                bufs.append(out)
+            else:
+                break
+            leng += len(out)
+        out = b"".join(bufs)
+        if num >= 0:
+            self.leftover = out[num:]
+            out = out[:num]
+        else:
+            self.leftover = b""
+        self.loc += len(out)
+        return out
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.r.close()
+        self.closed = True
+
+
+def get_range(session, url, start, end, **kwargs):
+    # explicit get a range when we know it must be safe
+    kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+    headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {}).copy()
+    headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end - 1}"
+    r = session.get(url, headers=headers, **kwargs)
+    r.raise_for_status()
+    return r.content
+
+
+def _file_info(url, session, size_policy="head", **kwargs):
+    """Call HEAD on the server to get details about the file (size/checksum etc.)
+
+    Default operation is to explicitly allow redirects and use encoding
+    'identity' (no compression) to get the true size of the target.
+    """
+    logger.debug("Retrieve file size for %s", url)
+    kwargs = kwargs.copy()
+    ar = kwargs.pop("allow_redirects", True)
+    head = kwargs.get("headers", {}).copy()
+    # TODO: not allowed in JS
+    # head["Accept-Encoding"] = "identity"
+    kwargs["headers"] = head
+
+    info = {}
+    if size_policy == "head":
+        r = session.head(url, allow_redirects=ar, **kwargs)
+    elif size_policy == "get":
+        r = session.get(url, allow_redirects=ar, **kwargs)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f'size_policy must be "head" or "get", got {size_policy}')
+    r.raise_for_status()
+
+    # TODO:
+    #  recognise lack of 'Accept-Ranges',
+    #                 or 'Accept-Ranges': 'none' (not 'bytes')
+    #  to mean streaming only, no random access => return None
+    if "Content-Length" in r.headers:
+        info["size"] = int(r.headers["Content-Length"])
+    elif "Content-Range" in r.headers:
+        info["size"] = int(r.headers["Content-Range"].split("/")[1])
+    elif "content-length" in r.headers:
+        info["size"] = int(r.headers["content-length"])
+    elif "content-range" in r.headers:
+        info["size"] = int(r.headers["content-range"].split("/")[1])
+
+    for checksum_field in ["ETag", "Content-MD5", "Digest"]:
+        if r.headers.get(checksum_field):
+            info[checksum_field] = r.headers[checksum_field]
+
+    return info
+
+
+# importing this is enough to register it
+def register():
+    register_implementation("http", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+    register_implementation("https", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+    register_implementation("sync_http", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+    register_implementation("sync_https", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+
+
+register()
+
+
+def unregister():
+    from fsspec.implementations.http import HTTPFileSystem
+
+    register_implementation("http", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)
+    register_implementation("https", HTTPFileSystem, clobber=True)