fraudcrawler 0.4.7__py3-none-any.whl → 0.5.0__py3-none-any.whl

fraudcrawler/scraping/search.py

@@ -0,0 +1,664 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from enum import Enum
+import logging
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from typing import Dict, List
+from urllib.parse import quote_plus
+
+from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+import httpx
+from tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+from fraudcrawler.settings import SEARCH_DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODES
+from fraudcrawler.base.base import Host, Language, Location, DomainUtils
+from fraudcrawler.base.retry import get_async_retry
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SearchResult(BaseModel):
+    """Model for a single search result."""
+
+    url: str
+    domain: str
+    search_engine_name: str
+    filtered: bool = False
+    filtered_at_stage: str | None = None
+
+
+class SearchEngineName(Enum):
+    """Enum for search engine names."""
+
+    GOOGLE = "google"
+    GOOGLE_SHOPPING = "google_shopping"
+    TOPPREISE = "toppreise"
+
+
+class SearchEngine(ABC, DomainUtils):
+    """Abstract base class for search engines."""
+
+    _hostname_pattern = r"^(?:https?:\/\/)?([^\/:?#]+)"
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _search_engine_name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the search engine."""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def search(self, *args, **kwargs) -> List[SearchResult]:
+        """Apply the search with the given parameters and return results."""
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _log_before(
+        cls, search_string: str, retry_state: RetryCallState | None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Context aware logging before the request is made."""
+        if retry_state:
+            logger.debug(
+                f'Performing search in {cls.__name__} with q="{search_string}" '
+                f"(attempt {retry_state.attempt_number})."
+            )
+        else:
+            logger.debug(f"retry_state is {retry_state}; not logging before.")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _log_before_sleep(
+        cls, search_string: str, retry_state: RetryCallState | None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Context aware logging before sleeping after a failed request."""
+        if retry_state and retry_state.outcome:
+            logger.warning(
+                f'Attempt {retry_state.attempt_number} of {cls.__name__} search with q="{search_string}" '
+                f"failed with error: {retry_state.outcome.exception()}. "
+                f"Retrying in {retry_state.upcoming_sleep:.0f} seconds."
+            )
+        else:
+            logger.debug(f"retry_state is {retry_state}; not logging before_sleep.")
+
+    def _create_search_result(self, url: str) -> SearchResult:
+        """From a given url it creates the class:`SearchResult` instance."""
+        # Get marketplace name
+        domain = self._get_domain(url=url)
+
+        # Create and return the SearchResult object
+        result = SearchResult(
+            url=url,
+            domain=domain,
+            search_engine_name=self._search_engine_name,
+        )
+        return result
+
+
+class SerpAPI(SearchEngine):
+    """Base class for SerpAPI search engines."""
+
+    _endpoint = "https://serpapi.com/search"
+
+    def __init__(self, http_client: httpx.AsyncClient, api_key: str):
+        """Initializes the SerpAPI client with the given API key.
+
+        Args:
+            http_client: An httpx.AsyncClient to use for the async requests.
+            api_key: The API key for SerpAPI.
+        """
+        self._http_client = http_client
+        self._api_key = api_key
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _engine(self) -> str:
+        """The search engine name used in the SerpAPI request."""
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _extract_search_results_urls(data: dict) -> List[str]:
+        """Extracts search results urls from the response.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The json from the SerpAPI search response.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_search_string(search_term: str, marketplaces: List[Host] | None) -> str:
+        """Constructs the search string with site: parameters for marketplaces."""
+        search_string = search_term
+        if marketplaces:
+            sites = [dom for host in marketplaces for dom in host.domains]
+            search_string += " site:" + " OR site:".join(s for s in sites)
+        return search_string
+
+    async def _search(
+        self,
+        search_string: str,
+        language: Language,
+        location: Location,
+        num_results: int,
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        """Performs a search using SerpAPI and returns the URLs of the results.
+
+        Args:
+            search_string: The search string to use (with potentially added site: parameters).
+            language: The language to use for the query ('hl' parameter).
+            location: The location to use for the query ('gl' parameter).
+            num_results: Max number of results to return.
+
+        The SerpAPI parameters are:
+            engine: The search engine to use ('google', 'google_shopping' etc.).
+            q: The search string (with potentially added site: parameters).
+            google_domain: The Google domain to use for the search (e.g. google.[com]).
+            location_[requested|used]: The location to use for the search.
+            tbs: The to-be-searched  parameters (e.g. 'ctr:CH').
+            cr: The country code to limit the search to (e.g. 'countryCH').
+            gl: The country code to use for the search.
+            hl: The language code to use for the search.
+            num: The number of results to return.
+            api_key: The API key to use for the search.
+        """
+        engine = self._engine
+
+        # Log the search parameters
+        logger.debug(
+            f'Performing SerpAPI search with engine="{engine}", '
+            f'q="{search_string}", '
+            f'location="{location.name}", '
+            f'language="{language.code}", '
+            f"num_results={num_results}."
+        )
+
+        # Setup the parameters
+        params: Dict[str, str | int] = {
+            "engine": engine,
+            "q": search_string,
+            "google_domain": f"google.{location.code}",
+            "location_requested": location.name,
+            "location_used": location.name,
+            "tbs": f"ctr:{location.code.upper()}",
+            "cr": f"country{location.code.upper()}",
+            "gl": location.code,
+            "hl": language.code,
+            "num": num_results,
+            "api_key": self._api_key,
+        }
+        logger.debug(f"SerpAPI search with params: {params}")
+
+        # Perform the request and retry if necessary. There is some context aware logging:
+        #  - `before`: before the request is made (and before retrying)
+        #  - `before_sleep`: if the request fails before sleeping
+        retry = get_async_retry()
+        retry.before = lambda retry_state: self._log_before(
+            search_string=search_string, retry_state=retry_state
+        )
+        retry.before_sleep = lambda retry_state: self._log_before_sleep(
+            search_string=search_string, retry_state=retry_state
+        )
+        async for attempt in retry:
+            with attempt:
+                response = await self._http_client.get(
+                    url=self._endpoint, params=params
+                )
+                response.raise_for_status()
+
+        # Extract the URLs from the response
+        data = response.json()
+        urls = self._extract_search_results_urls(data=data)
+
+        logger.debug(
+            f'Found total of {len(urls)} URLs from SerpAPI search for q="{search_string}" and engine="{engine}".'
+        )
+        return urls
+
+
+class SerpAPIGoogle(SerpAPI):
+    """Search engine for Google in SerpAPI."""
+
+    def __init__(self, http_client: httpx.AsyncClient, api_key: str):
+        """Initializes the SerpAPIGoogle client with the given API key.
+
+        Args:
+            http_client: An httpx.AsyncClient to use for the async requests.
+            api_key: The API key for SerpAPI.
+        """
+        super().__init__(http_client=http_client, api_key=api_key)
+
+    @property
+    def _search_engine_name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the search engine."""
+        return SearchEngineName.GOOGLE.value
+
+    @property
+    def _engine(self) -> str:
+        """The search engine name used in the SerpAPI request."""
+        return "google"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_search_results_urls(data: dict) -> List[str]:
+        """Extracts search results urls from the response data.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The json data from the SerpApi search response.
+        """
+        results = data.get("organic_results")
+        if results is not None:
+            return [url for res in results if (url := res.get("link"))]
+        return []
+
+    async def search(
+        self,
+        search_term: str,
+        language: Language,
+        location: Location,
+        num_results: int,
+        marketplaces: List[Host] | None = None,
+    ) -> List[SearchResult]:
+        """Performs a google search using SerpApi and returns SearchResults.
+
+        Args:
+            search_term: The search term to use for the query.
+            language: The language to use for the query ('hl' parameter).
+            location: The location to use for the query ('gl' parameter).
+            num_results: Max number of results to return.
+            marketplaces: The marketplaces to include in the search.
+        """
+        # Construct the search string
+        search_string = self._get_search_string(
+            search_term=search_term,
+            marketplaces=marketplaces,
+        )
+
+        # Perform the search
+        urls = await self._search(
+            search_string=search_string,
+            language=language,
+            location=location,
+            num_results=num_results,
+        )
+
+        # Create and return SearchResult objects from the URLs
+        results = [self._create_search_result(url=url) for url in urls]
+        logger.debug(
+            f'Produced {len(results)} results from SerpAPI with engine="{self._engine}" and q="{search_string}".'
+        )
+        return results
+
+
+class SerpAPIGoogleShopping(SerpAPI):
+    """Search engine for Google Shopping in SerpAPI."""
+
+    def __init__(self, http_client: httpx.AsyncClient, api_key: str):
+        """Initializes the SerpAPIGoogleShopping client with the given API key.
+
+        Args:
+            http_client: An httpx.AsyncClient to use for the async requests.
+            api_key: The API key for SerpAPI.
+        """
+        super().__init__(http_client=http_client, api_key=api_key)
+
+    @property
+    def _search_engine_name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the search engine."""
+        return SearchEngineName.GOOGLE_SHOPPING.value
+
+    @property
+    def _engine(self) -> str:
+        """The search engine name used in the SerpAPI request."""
+        return "google_shopping"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_search_results_urls(data: dict) -> List[str]:
+        """Extracts search results urls from the response data.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The json data from the SerpApi search response.
+        """
+        results = data.get("shopping_results")
+        if results is not None:
+            return [url for res in results if (url := res.get("product_link"))]
+        return []
+
+    async def search(
+        self,
+        search_term: str,
+        language: Language,
+        location: Location,
+        num_results: int,
+        marketplaces: List[Host] | None = None,
+    ) -> List[SearchResult]:
+        """Performs a google shopping search using SerpApi and returns SearchResults.
+
+        Args:
+            search_term: The search term to use for the query.
+            language: The language to use for the query ('hl' parameter).
+            location: The location to use for the query ('gl' parameter).
+            num_results: Max number of results to return.
+            marketplaces: The marketplaces to include in the search.
+        """
+        # Construct the search string
+        search_string = self._get_search_string(
+            search_term=search_term,
+            marketplaces=marketplaces,
+        )
+
+        # Perform the search
+        urls = await self._search(
+            search_string=search_string,
+            language=language,
+            location=location,
+            num_results=num_results,
+        )
+
+        # !!! NOTE !!!: Google Shopping results do not properly support the 'num' parameter,
+        # so we might get more results than requested. This is a known issue with SerpAPI
+        # and Google Shopping searches (see https://github.com/serpapi/public-roadmap/issues/1858)
+        urls = urls[:num_results]
+
+        # Create and return SearchResult objects from the URLs
+        results = [self._create_search_result(url=url) for url in urls]
+        logger.debug(
+            f'Produced {len(results)} results from SerpAPI with engine="{self._engine}" and q="{search_string}".'
+        )
+        return results
+
+
+class Toppreise(SearchEngine):
+    """Search engine for toppreise.ch."""
+
+    _endpoint = "https://www.toppreise.ch/produktsuche"
+    _headers = {
+        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36",
+        "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
+        "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.5",
+        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
+        "Connection": "keep-alive",
+        "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, http_client: httpx.AsyncClient):
+        """Initializes the Toppreise client.
+
+        Args:
+            http_client: An httpx.AsyncClient to use for the async requests.
+        """
+        self._http_client = http_client
+
+    @property
+    def _search_engine_name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the search engine."""
+        return SearchEngineName.TOPPREISE.value
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_external_product_urls(content: bytes) -> List[str]:
+        """Extracts external product URLs from the Toppreise search results page."""
+
+        # Parse the HTML
+        soup = BeautifulSoup(content, "html.parser")
+        links = soup.find_all("a", href=True)
+
+        # Filter links to only include external product links
+        hrefs = [
+            href
+            for link in links
+            if (
+                hasattr(link, "get")  # Ensure we have a Tag object with href attribute
+                and (href := link.get("href"))  # Ensure href is not None
+                and not href.startswith("javascript:")  # Skip javascript links
+                and isinstance(href, str)  # Ensure href is a string
+                and "ext_" in href  # Skip links that are not external product link
+            )
+        ]
+
+        # Make relative URLs absolute
+        urls = []
+        for href in hrefs:
+            if href.startswith("/"):
+                href = f"https://www.toppreise.ch{href}"
+            elif not href.startswith("http"):
+                href = f"https://www.toppreise.ch/{href}"
+            urls.append(href)
+
+        # Return deduplicated urls
+        urls = list(set(urls))
+        logger.debug(
+            f"Found {len(urls)} external product URLs from Toppreise search results."
+        )
+        return urls
+
+    async def _search(self, search_string: str, num_results: int) -> List[str]:
+        """Performs a search on Toppreise and returns the URLs of the results.
+
+        Args:
+            search_string: The search string to use for the query.
+            num_results: Max number of results to return.
+        """
+        # Build the search URL for Toppreise
+        encoded_search = quote_plus(search_string)
+        url = f"{self._endpoint}?q={encoded_search}"
+        logger.debug(f"Toppreise search URL: {url}")
+
+        # Perform the request and retry if necessary. There is some context aware logging:
+        #  - `before`: before the request is made (and before retrying)
+        #  - `before_sleep`: if the request fails before sleeping
+        retry = get_async_retry()
+        retry.before = lambda retry_state: self._log_before(
+            search_string=search_string, retry_state=retry_state
+        )
+        retry.before_sleep = lambda retry_state: self._log_before_sleep(
+            search_string=search_string, retry_state=retry_state
+        )
+        async for attempt in retry:
+            with attempt:
+                response = await self._http_client.get(
+                    url=url,
+                    headers=self._headers,
+                )
+                response.raise_for_status()
+
+        # Get external product urls from the content
+        content = response.content
+        urls = self._get_external_product_urls(content=content)
+        urls = urls[:num_results]  # Limit to num_results if needed
+
+        return urls
+
+    async def search(
+        self,
+        search_term: str,
+        num_results: int,
+    ) -> List[SearchResult]:
+        """Performs a Toppreise search and returns SearchResults.
+
+        Args:
+            search_term: The search term to use for the query.
+            num_results: Max number of results to return.
+        """
+        # Perform the search
+        urls = await self._search(
+            search_string=search_term,
+            num_results=num_results,
+        )
+
+        # Create and return SearchResult objects from the URLs
+        results = [self._create_search_result(url=url) for url in urls]
+        logger.debug(
+            f'Produced {len(results)} results from Toppreise search with q="{search_term}".'
+        )
+        return results
+
+
+class Search(DomainUtils):
+    """Class to perform searches using different search engines."""
+
+    def __init__(self, http_client: httpx.AsyncClient, serpapi_key: str):
+        """Initializes the Search class with the given SerpAPI key.
+
+        Args:
+            http_client: An httpx.AsyncClient to use for the async requests.
+            serpapi_key: The API key for SERP API.
+        """
+        self._google = SerpAPIGoogle(http_client=http_client, api_key=serpapi_key)
+        self._google_shopping = SerpAPIGoogleShopping(
+            http_client=http_client, api_key=serpapi_key
+        )
+        self._toppreise = Toppreise(http_client=http_client)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _domain_in_host(domain: str, host: Host) -> bool:
+        """Checks if the domain is present in the host.
+
+        Note:
+            By checking `if domain == hst_dom or domain.endswith(f".{hst_dom}")`
+            it also checks for subdomains. For example, if the domain is
+            `link.springer.com` and the host domain is `springer.com`,
+            it will be detected as being present in the hosts.
+
+        Args:
+            domain: The domain to check.
+            host: The host to check against.
+        """
+        return any(
+            domain == hst_dom or domain.endswith(f".{hst_dom}")
+            for hst_dom in host.domains
+        )
+
+    def _domain_in_hosts(self, domain: str, hosts: List[Host]) -> bool:
+        """Checks if the domain is present in the list of hosts.
+
+        Args:
+            domain: The domain to check.
+            hosts: The list of hosts to check against.
+        """
+        return any(self._domain_in_host(domain=domain, host=hst) for hst in hosts)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _relevant_country_code(url: str, country_code: str) -> bool:
+        """Determines whether the url shows relevant country codes.
+
+        Args:
+            url: The URL to investigate.
+            country_code: The country code used to filter the products.
+        """
+        url = url.lower()
+        country_code_relevance = f".{country_code}" in url
+        default_relevance = any(cc in url for cc in SEARCH_DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODES)
+        return country_code_relevance or default_relevance
+
+    def _is_excluded_url(self, domain: str, excluded_urls: List[Host]) -> bool:
+        """Checks if the domain is in the excluded URLs.
+
+        Args:
+            domain: The domain to check.
+            excluded_urls: The list of excluded URLs.
+        """
+        return self._domain_in_hosts(domain=domain, hosts=excluded_urls)
+
+    def _apply_filters(
+        self,
+        result: SearchResult,
+        location: Location,
+        marketplaces: List[Host] | None = None,
+        excluded_urls: List[Host] | None = None,
+    ) -> SearchResult:
+        """Checks for filters and updates the SearchResult accordingly.
+
+        Args:
+            result: The SearchResult object to check.
+            location: The location to use for the query.
+            marketplaces: The list of marketplaces to compare the URL against.
+            excluded_urls: The list of excluded URLs.
+        """
+        domain = result.domain
+        # Check if the URL is in the marketplaces (if yes, keep the result un-touched)
+        if marketplaces:
+            if self._domain_in_hosts(domain=domain, hosts=marketplaces):
+                return result
+
+        # Check if the URL has a relevant country_code
+        if not self._relevant_country_code(url=result.url, country_code=location.code):
+            result.filtered = True
+            result.filtered_at_stage = "Search (country code filtering)"
+            return result
+
+        # Check if the URL is in the excluded URLs
+        if excluded_urls and self._is_excluded_url(result.domain, excluded_urls):
+            result.filtered = True
+            result.filtered_at_stage = "Search (excluded URLs filtering)"
+            return result
+
+        return result
+
+    async def apply(
+        self,
+        search_term: str,
+        language: Language,
+        location: Location,
+        num_results: int,
+        marketplaces: List[Host] | None = None,
+        excluded_urls: List[Host] | None = None,
+        search_engines: List[SearchEngineName | str] | None = None,
+    ) -> List[SearchResult]:
+        """Performs a search and returns SearchResults.
+
+        Args:
+            search_term: The search term to use for the query.
+            language: The language to use for the query ('hl' parameter).
+            location: The location to use for the query ('gl' parameter).
+            num_results: Max number of results per search engine.
+            marketplaces: The marketplaces to include in the search.
+            excluded_urls: The URLs to exclude from the search.
+            search_engines: The list of search engines to use for the search.
+        """
+        if search_engines is None:
+            search_engines = list(SearchEngineName)
+        else:
+            search_engines = [
+                SearchEngineName(sen) if isinstance(sen, str) else sen
+                for sen in search_engines
+            ]
+        results: List[SearchResult] = []
+
+        # Make SerpAPI google search
+        if SearchEngineName.GOOGLE in search_engines:
+            res = await self._google.search(
+                search_term=search_term,
+                language=language,
+                location=location,
+                num_results=num_results,
+                marketplaces=marketplaces,
+            )
+            results.extend(res)
+
+        # Make SerpAPI google shopping search
+        if SearchEngineName.GOOGLE_SHOPPING in search_engines:
+            res = await self._google_shopping.search(
+                search_term=search_term,
+                language=language,
+                location=location,
+                num_results=num_results,
+                marketplaces=marketplaces,
+            )
+            results.extend(res)
+
+        # Make Toppreise search
+        if SearchEngineName.TOPPREISE in search_engines:
+            res = await self._toppreise.search(
+                search_term=search_term,
+                num_results=num_results,
+            )
+            results.extend(res)
+
+        # Apply filters
+        results = [
+            self._apply_filters(
+                result=res,
+                location=location,
+                marketplaces=marketplaces,
+                excluded_urls=excluded_urls,
+            )
+            for res in results
+        ]
+
+        logger.debug(f"Search produced a total of {len(results)} results.")
+        return results